<--
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**					Hithes.doc  Version 1.14					 **
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				Copyright (C) MICRA, Inc. 1991, 1992.

	Hithes.doc is a hierarchically-organized thesaurus derived by reorganization of the version of Roget's Thesaurus published in 1911.  The new organization is intended to allow use of ISA and other semantic relational markers.

Last edit 10-4-92.   Completed shifting of most individual Roget categories to new positions, but the initial internal reorganization has only reached P2.3.1.3.9.3.3 (20%). page 215 of 639 = 424 remaining.
No systematic additions have been done yet.

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                         NOTATIONS
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	This thesaurus is organized, like the Original Roget's by major word categories, of which there are about 1060.  Each main entry has words semantically related to the headword, and organized in subsections.  The first subdivision of the main entry is the paragraph.  All the words in any paragraph have the same semantic relation to the headword.  A main entry may be headed by a Roget-entry number (a number prefixed by a "#" symbol), or by a hierarchical entry number (a number prefixed by a "A", "P", or "M").

ROGET-NUMBERED ENTRIES
	The 1911 Roget category numbers have been retained, and subdivided in some cases with a,b,c, where significant parts of a Roget entry are broken out into a separate entry.  This numbering serves merely as a temporary cross-reference to other entries, until all Roget entries have been assigned a hierarchical number. It also serves to indicate the origin of most of the entries.  Eventually most Roget entries (with some exceptions) should have at least one hierarchical entry number, but as of the last edit this has not been completed.

HIERARCHICAL NUMBERING
The hierarchical numbering is in 3 groups: abstract, Physical, and Mental, in which the hierarchy numbers are preceded with an A, P, or M, repectively.  Subdivisions are preceded by decimal points separating the hierarchical levels (segment numbers), as in "P2.3.2.3.1.5".  A word in the hierarchical noun segment of each subgroup should be a proper subtype of all of the higher categories.
	Within a paragraph, words which are approximately synonymous are grouped together, separated by commas; each synonym-group is separated by a semicolon (";") from other words which have a lot of similarity, but are not so closely synonymous.  All paragraphs begin with a tab (indentation) and end with a period.  The objective is to group within each paragraph words which have similar semantic categories, and a similar semantic relation to the headword.

SYNONYMS AND SUBTYPES
	There may be several paragraphs under each main heading.  Within the first paragraph the first synonym set in general contains words which are synonymous to the headword. The remaining synonym groups of the first paragraph contain words which share a lot of similarity in meaning to the head entry word.  This is equivalent to the {{similar_to}} relation.  Other paragraphs within the set of nouns, unless marked with different semantic relations, are subtypes of the headword.

OTHER SEMANTIC RELATIONS
	Words which are not synonymous, but have other semantic relations to the headword, are contained in paragraphs with a semantic relation indicated in a double curly bracket heading the paragraph.  These other semantic relations are to be interpreted as default conditions, to which there may be exceptions.  Comments in square brackets are generally either explanatory comments or semantic relations for which a well-defined semantic relation has not yet been formulated.
	In general, between the beginning of a main entry and the "end-hierarchy" mark "$$", any paragraph not headed by a semantic relation has the default semantic relation of a subtype of the headword, i.e., part of the hierarchy proper.  This may also be written explicitly as {{has_subtype(headword)}}.  However, if there is a direct semantic relation (in double brackets)  heading a paragraph (e.g. {{has_part}}), this relation is assumed to be the only semantic relation of the headword to the paragraph words.  Such "direct" semantic relations will not contain a parenthesis within the double curly brackets.  In this case, if a group of words has a semantic relation in addition to the subtype relation, the subtype relation must be specified explicitly.  (There is an exception, for the semantic relations dealing with quantity or intensity.  These semantic relations imply a subtype relation, e.g. {{has_high_intensity}} is a direct semantic relation, but the words thus categorized will also be subtypes of the headword, although with a distinctive property differntiating them from other subtype words).  In general, semantic relations of other words to the words which have their primary definition in a paragraph do NOT nullify the subtype relation(for example, under
	Interpretation, R522, the paragraph:
	    {{uses(mysticism)}} anagoge, anagogoy.
shows that the words anagoge and anagogy, in addition to being subtypes of interpretation, are also devices employed in mysticism.
Likewise, if the specified semantic relation is another subtype relation (i.e., if a subtype relation is specified which is not the headword, this subtype is also assumed to apply in addition to the subtype of the headword).  A paragraph may have any number of relations listed, all of which apply to all the words in the paragraph.  For example, under R85a,
	Computation:
	{{&used_in(number, R84)}} {{used_in(symbol)}} operation, mathematical operation; operator.
	Here operator and operation both use numbers and symbols, and both are a type of computation.  The "&" in front of the semantic relation means "sometimes" or "may". In this case, the "sometimes" symbol is used because mathematical operations may operate on things other than numbers (but in this paragraph, the second relation states that a mathematical operation always uses symbols).
	The interpretation of combinations of relations is not yet well defined.  One example of a combination is in the entry under "Smooth", where various methods of smoothing are given.  Here, smoothing by abrasion and smoothing by cutting.  In the verb section:

	V. smooth, smoothen[obs3].
	[render smooth] {{has_subtype(smoothing)}} {{has_method(abrade, @P2.4.2.5.3)}} file; polish, burnish.
	Interpretation: "filing is a type of smoothing by abrasion"
	{{has_subtype(smoothing)}} {{has_method(cutting, R44)}} plane; mow; shave.
	Interpretation: "planing, mowing, and shaving are types of smoothing by cutting"
	Thus, in ordinary English, the "method" relation is usually expressed as "by".

	Another example is the relation between wood and sawdust.  Of course, sawdust is composed of wood, but more specifically, we write:

	{{constitutes(wood)}} {{has_subtype(powder)}} {{forms(cut)}} {[with_object(wood)]} sawdust.

	This means that "cutting wood forms a powdery material composed of wood, called sawdust".

#	pound sign serves as the start of an entry The segment of the entry
which is directly included in the hierarchy (as opposed to non-hierarchical semantic relations) is exclusively in the noun section, beggining with the N. symbol.
$$	ends the hierarchical segment started by a "N." within an entry.
This is a temporary device to allow recognition of paragraphs containing subtypes, even though non-subtytpe paragraphs have not been given their proper semantic markers.  At present, only a few entries have this boundary explicitly marked.
{{}}	double curly brackets designate the defined semantic relation (see list in file "relation.doc") which the immediately following segment(paragraph) has to the immediately preceding hierarchically organized main entry.  These brackets precede the word(s) being categorized, and the relation applies to all entries up to the end of the paragraph.  For usage, see below.  These relations are essentially predicate relations between two arguments.  (where the relation does not contain a verb, the implied verb is "is", e.g. "part_of" actually means "[head word] is_part_of [following word]".).  In the case where the first argument is not the main entry word(s) for that segment, the first argument will appear in parentheses behind the relation, thus "{{has_property(light): color}}" means that light has a property named color(and that color in this sense has its primary entry elsewhere).
	Where the relation is a property, the property may have a value, and in this case th value may also appear inside the relational markers.  In this case, there will be a second set of colons within the relation, immediately preceding the value.  If the second concept of the relation is outside the relational markers (a primary entry), there will be two colons immediately adjacent.  Thus, for a primary entry: 
{{has_subtype(polygon)}} {{property_of(number of sides):: six}} hexagon.
and for a referenc entry:
{{has_subtype(polygon)}} {{property_of(number of sides): hexagon: six}}.

In order to find a conceptual path without excessive addition of new relations, it was sometimes necessary to uuse a derivative word not found in a typical dictionary, but easily recognizable: e.g. "pulverizability" in the grouping:

	{{has_requirement(pulverization)}}  pulverizability.
	{{has_high_intensity(pulverizability)}} friability.

	  In cases where the semantic relation sometimes holds between the two words, and sometimes doesn't, an ampersand (&) is placed before the relation.   This symbol is not symmetrical, i.e., it does not work the same way in both directions.  For example, only some types of conversion are caused by radioactivity.  But radioactivity always causes conversion of the radioactive element.  Thus the non-symmetry:
		{{&result_of(conversion): radioactivity}}.
		{{has_result(radioactivity): conversion, transmutation}}.
	(read as: "conversion is sometimes the result of radioactivity", or
		"some types of conversion are the result of radioactivity").

{[]}	Curly brackets followed by square brackets indicate a semantic relation which is one of usage in context.  This includes usage of the type often indicated in dictionaries with the phrase "of ..." or "in ...", i.e., the specific meaning of a word when used in relation to a particular subject.  In this sense, teh relation "in_frame" is used, e.g. under "limit"...
		{[in_frame(gambling)]}  maximum  bet.
		In most cases, there will be only one word in parentheses, indicating the relationship of the following word to the headword.  Occasionally, two words will be in p[arentheses, and in this case, the second word takes the place of the headword in the relationship.  These relations may apply to the subject or object of a verb, the noun modified by an adjective, or an activity (such as gambling, above) in which the term is used.
{}	single curly brackets signify semantic relations in a manner similar to double curly brackets, but the semantic relations are not included in the defined list.  Typically the semantic relations in single curly brackets are more complex than those in double curly brackets.
[]	square brackets contain explanatory comments, and in some cases may contain semantic relations which have not yet been classified.
		Brackets which appear at the head of a paragraph apply to all words in the paragraph, but brackets which appear at the end of a word or phrase apply only to that word or phrase.  One type of comment, for example, is the context in which a word most often appears in the specific sense (e.g. MED means medical context, CHEM is chemistry, coll. means colloquial usage, etc.).  Such comments appear after the relevant word. -->
<--	In this file, comments which are not a proper part of the thesaurus itself are contained within arrow brackets thus: "<-- comment -->".
-->
<--
&&	signifies locations where rearrangement or additions are needed
/	the forward slash in  any grouping serves as an "or" function; any
member of the group will serve in that location, or for that purpose.
%	Section headings,  which are not an actual part of the thesaurus proper, are included between percent (%) markers, or the equivalent combination "<% . . . %>".
@	References to numbers starting with "@" indicate that the reference
or relation is to a word within the designated main entry, but the reference word is not the head word itself (or its synonyms).  In this case, the reference word is usually a word semantically related to the head word, with its primary occurrence at that location.
	---------------------------------------------------------

Example of usage of relational brackets:
	The default usage is that the relation links the main entry to the following words.  If the related words are outside the brackets, the related words have their primary definition at this location, and these related words are counted as a separate sense (primary entry) of the words.  If the related words are inside the brackets, the relation is followed by a colon, and this appearance of the related words is not counted as a separate sense (the word is a reference entry).  If the symbol "@" appears as the first entry of a relation, then all subsequent words in that paragaph will be found at the referenced entry, and all are reference-entries.

	If the first word of the relation is not the primary entry word, the first word of the relation is included in a parenthesis following the relation.   This notation is used where the first word of the relation is not a primary entry word, and has its primary definition (in that specific sense) within the same main entry.
Entry word:  pattern.
	{{is_a: group[of characteristics]}}.
	{{has_member}}  characteristic, property, feature.
	{{has_subtype}} disposition, arrangement, array.
	{{has_property: order, A4.1}}.
	{{has_property(characteristic/property/feature)}}  value.
	{{analogous_to: vector}}.

	(note that what this says is that a property may have a property called a value!)

NOTE that because "characteristic" in this sense has its primary definition here, the has_property relation on that word is also located in this entry.

	Where several words in their primary locations all have an is_a relation to another word, the inverse relationship is used for convenience.
Thus a mimeograph is_a copy, but for convenience this is included with other writings which are copies, i.e.

Entry word: Writing (Document)
	{{has_subtype(copy,R21)}} mimeograph, xerox, facsimile; reprint, offprint;  photo offset.

and, correspondingly, under Copy, R21:
	{{has_subtype(writing): mimeograph, xerox, facsimile; reprint, offprint;  photo offset}}.

	In many cases, specific subtypes of a concept which are simply combinations of words are included explicitly, e.g. for "critic" are listed specific types of critic (music critic, drama critic).  Although these concepts could be easily derived from the individual concepts, the purpose of having such combinations explicitly included is to make it easier for a parser to recognize the combinations as a single defined unit, making errors of interpretation less likely.
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Notes on individual relations: 
	For a complete explanation, see the file "relation.doc".
	Closely related, almost synonymous concepts are marked as {{similar_to:}}.  This indicates a closer similarity than [ref: ].  An intermediate degree of similarity is marked with the "sometimes, somewhat" operator "&", as in {{&similar_to:}}.

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					DICTIONARY GENERATION
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	The plan is to organize this thesaurus so that a dictionary outline of meanings (without glosses, pronunciation, etc.) can be generated automatically by a scan of the thesaurus; a large part of the semantically important information about a word should be derivable from its location in this hierarchy.   Each word in a specific sense should appear only once in its proper location in the hierarchy.  References to that word in that specific sense should be contained within brackets.  The dictionary-outlining program will classify words which are not within brackets by their location in the hierarchy, and each new occurrence of a particular such word will be considered as a different sense from all others.  Words within brackets will not be considered as a new sense of a particular word, although the indexing program will index them.
	This semantic references may occur inside or outside of brackets, depending on whether the semantic relation contains the prime sense of that word.  A common example of words for which the prime location contained within a semantic pointer would be parts of machines which are peculiar to that specific machine; that is, in this thesaurus, component parts of objects for which the primary function is to serve specifically as part of that object will be classified together with the object itself in the hierarchy, within a has_part relational group.

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  The individual numbered entries of this thesaurus were originally derived from the 1911 Roget's thesaurus.  The following differences will be noted between this version and the original edition of the printed 1911 thesaurus:
  (1)  the space-saving abbreviations in the original, using hyphens to represent common words, prefixes or suffixes, have been expanded into the full words or phrases.
  (2) the side-by-side format for words and their opposites has been abandoned.  Words are listed in order of their entry number.
  (3)  each main entry (1035 entries) has a pound sign "#" in front of the number to facilitate computerized search.
  (4) greek words and phrases are transliterated and included between brackets in the format <gr/greek word/gr>.
  (5)  where italics occurred in the original, italics are used in the Microsoft Word(R) format file.  In the plain ASCII file, this formatting is lost.
  (6)  in the original book, words which were obsolete (in 1911) were marked with a dagger.  In this version, those words are marked with an "obsolete" notation: "[obs1]".  There are over 300 of these.
	Some of the words which were still current in 1911, but are no longer found in a current college-size dictionary (presently obsolete words), or which are no longer used in the specific indicated sense, have been marked with an "obsolete" notation: "[obs2]".  However, this marking process is purely opportunistic, with no systematic attempt to cover the entire thesaurus;  only a small portion of the words which are now obsolete have been thus marked.  Most though not all of the foreign-language phrases are now obsolete.
	The "obsolete" notation [obs3] indicates that the previous word (or some word in the previous phrase) is not recognized by the word processor's spelling checker, and also is either NOT in a modern college-sized dictionary, or is noted there as being "ARCHAIC".
  (7)  This file contains only the main body of the thesaurus.  Neither outline nor index are contained here.  The outline of the original thesaurus with an overview of the organization of the concepts is contained in a separate file, "outline.doc", on the distribution disk.
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  This is a very small-scale (individual) project, which will not be competitive  with academic or commercial efforts such as the CYC project, but is intended to provide a convenient resource primarily for our own programs, but also for experimentation in natural-language processing by individuals or small groups with no access to more complete systems.  Anyone who is currently engaged in or contemplating a similar thesaurus or dictionary project, who would be willing to collaborate on this project, is encouraged to contact us, so that unnecessary duplication of effort can be avoided.  We would also appreciate being notified of typos, errors, or omissions in any version.  Send inquiries or comments to:

			Patrick Cassidy
			MICRA Inc.
			735 Belvidere Ave.
			Plainfield, NJ 07062-2054

			voice:  (908) 668-5252
			fax:    (908) 668-5904

 	(If no one answers, please leave a message.)
==========================================================================
-->
<--  HTENTRY.DOC    
     this is the detailed arrangement of the hierarchical thesaurus
     based on Roget's 1911 thesaurus.  Only the 1000+ main category
     entries are listed here.  

    Plan of Classification:  the three major categories are not
       themselves included within the ISA hierarchy.  The first
       (top) level of the ISA hierarchy starts with the categories
       designated by capital letters.
       the top three categories are
            A:  abstract relations
            P:  physical universe
            M:  mental universe
       all categories begin with one of these letters.
       The "R" numbers refer to the main heading numbers (1 to 1000, with some subheadings, such as 615a)
           from the 1911 Roget's Thesaurus
-->
<--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=========================================================================
**                  DETAILED PLAN OF CLASSIFICATION                     *
=========================================================================        
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**					HITHES								   **
**			A hierarchical thesaurus with inheritance			   **
**				MAIN TEXT OF THESAURUS						   **
***************************************************************************
-->[[hithes]]

A.	Abstract Relations
A1.  Existence   R1 to R8

A1.1.1. ABSTRACT EXISTENCE
	#1.  Existence.-- N. {{antonym: nonexistence, R2}}
	existence, being, entity, ens[Lat], esse[Lat], subsistence.
	center of life, essence, inmost nature, inner reality, vital principle.
	[real existence in the physical world] reality, actuality; positiveness &c. adj.; fact, matter of fact, sober reality; truth &c. 494; actual existence; stubborn fact, hard fact, irreducible fact; not a - dream &c. 515; no joke.
$$.
	[ref: presence &c. (existence in space) 186; coexistence &c. 120].
	{{studied_in}} ontology.
	{{caused_by: creation, R161}}.
	V. exist, be; have being &c. n.
	stand, obtain, be the case; occur &c. (event) 151; have place, prevail.
	[of animate things] subsist, live, breathe, find oneself, pass the time, vegetate.
	consist in, lie in; be comprised in, be contained in, be constituted by.
	come into existence, come into being; arise &c. (begin) 66; come forth &c. (appear) 446. become &c. (be converted) 144.
	actualize; bring into existence &c. 161.
	abide, continue, endure, last, remain, stay.
	Adj. existing &c. v. existent, under the sun; in existence &c. n.; extant; afloat, afoot, on foot, current, prevalent; undestroyed.
	[continuing to exist] extant, surviving; still in existence, still around.
	[pertaining to the physical universe] real, actual, positive, absolute; true &c. 494; substantial, substantive; self-existing, self-existent; essential.
	well-founded, well-grounded; unideal[obs3], unimagined; not potential &c. 2; authentic.
	Adv. actually &c. adj.; in fact, in point of fact, in reality; as a matter of fact; indeed; de facto, ipso facto.
	Phr. ens rationis [Lat]; ergo sum cogito[Lat]; "thinkest thou existence doth depend on time?" [Byron].

	#2. Inexistence.-- N. {{antonym: existence, R1}}
	inexistence[obs3]; nonexistence, non-existence, nonsubsistence; nonentity, nil; negativeness &c. adj.; nullity; nihility[obs3], nihilism; tabula rasa[Lat], blank; abeyance; absence &c. 187; non-being, nothingness, oblivion.
	{{similar_to: unsubstantiality, R4}}.
	{{property_of: nothing, no such thing &c. @R4}}.
	[of desire] Nirvana, ku [Jap].
$$.
	{{caused_by:  destruction, R162, @A7}} annihilation; extinction, extinguishment, extirpation, obliteration.
	V. not exist &c. 1; have no existence &c. 1; be null and void; be extinct.
	[become inexistent][intrans]  cease to exist &c. 1; pass away, perish;  become extinct &c. adj.; die out; disappear &c. 449; melt away, dissolve, dissipate, evaporate, leave not a rack behind; go, be no more; die &c. 360.
	[render inexistent][trans] annihilate, render null, nullify; abrogate &c. 756; destroy &c. 162; take away; remove &c. (displace) 185; obliterate, extirpate.
	Adj. nonexistent, inexistent[obs3] &c. 1; negative, blank; missing, omitted; absent &c. 187; insubstantial, shadowy, spectral, visionary.
	unreal, potential, virtual; baseless, in nubibus[Lat]; unsubstantial &c. 4; vain.
	unborn, uncreated[obs3], unbegotten, unconceived, unproduced, unmade.
	perished, annihilated, &c. v.; extinct, exhausted, gone, lost, vanished, departed; defunct &c. (dead) 360.
	[predicate adj.] gone with the wind, history.
	[ref: fabulous, ideal, hallucinatory &c. (imaginary) 515].
	[ref: supposititious &c. 514].
	Adv.  negatively, virtually &c. adj.
	Phr. non ens[Lat]; "now he belongs to the ages" [Seward].

A1.1.2. CONCRETE EXISTENCE
	#3. Substantiality. -- N. substance, substantiality, hypostasis; concrete reality, concrete existence, materiality, substantialness; corporeity[obs3].
	{[in_frame(mysticism)]} ectoplasm.
	Adj. substantive, substantial; hypostatic; personal, bodily, tangible &c. (material) 316; corporeal.
	Adv. substantially &c. adj.; bodily, essentially.

<-- the following entries may duplicate their meaning in other locations -->
	#3a. Something. [something that exists] -- N. {{property_of(substantiality, R3)}}.
	something, thing, object, article, item.
	[of living things] somebody, someone; person, being, soul, flesh and blood, body; a being, an existence; creature, critter[coll].
	substance, stuff, material, substratum.
	{{property_of: matter &c. 316}} element, essential nature, groundwork, vital part.
	[Totality of existences: universe, galaxy, world &c. 318] plenum.
<-- classify as determiners? -->
	Adj.  some, a, any; at least one.
	Phr. there exists at least one.

	#4. Unsubstantiality. -- N. {{similar_to: inexistence, R2}}.
	unsubstantiality[obs3], insubstantiality; nothingness, nihility[obs3]; no degree, no part, no quantity, no thing.
	{{property_of}} shadow; phantom &c. (fallacy of vision) 443; dream &c. (imagination) 515; ignis fatuus &c. (luminary) 423[Lat]; " such stuff as dreams are made of " [Tempest]; air, thin air, vapor; bubble &c. 353; " baseless fabric of a vision " [Tempest]; mockery.
	all talk, moonshine,  stuff and nonsense; matter of no importance, matter of no consequence; thing of naught, man of straw, John Doe and Richard Roe, faggot voter; nominis umbra[Lat], nonentity; flash in the pan, vox et praeterea nihil[Lat].
	Adj. unsubstantial; baseless, groundless; ungrounded; without foundation, having no foundation.
	immaterial &c. 137; dreamy; shadowy; ethereal, airy; cloud built, cloud formed; gossamer, gossamery, illusory, insubstantial, unreal.
	[ref: ghostly, spectral &c. 980].
	Phr. there's nothing in it; " an ocean of dreams without a sound" [Shelley].

	#4a.  Nothing.  [something that does not exist] -- N.  {{property_of(inexistence, R2}}.
	nothing, naught, nil, nullity, zero, cipher; never a one, ne'er a one[contr]; no such thing, none in the world; nothing whatever, nothing at all, nothing on earth; not a particle &c. (smallness) 32.
	[of people] no one, nobody, none, not a soul.
	hollowness, blank; void &c. (absence) 187.
	inanity, fool's paradise.
	{{has_metaphor}} red herring; hen's teeth; mare's nest.
	{{in_frame(computer software)}} vaporware.
	{{in_subject(mathematics)}} null; the null set, the empty set.
	V. vanish, evaporate, fade; dissolve, vaporize, melt away.
	[ref: disappear &c. 449].
	Adj. vacant, vacuous; empty &c. 187; eviscerated; blank, hollow; nominal; null.
	no, none of.
	[of assertions] inane.
	[ref: visionary &c. (imaginary) 515].

A1.1.3. FORMAL EXISTENCE
<--   Internal conditions   -->
<-- Roget entry 5 includes the concept of character, nature (as applied to people or things).  This is actually a set of characteristics.  We break out the concept of an individual characteristric into entry 5a.  -->
	#5. Essence.-- N. {{has_manifestation: extrinsicality, R6}}.
	essence, noumenon; intrinsicality[obs3], inbeing[obs3], inherence, inhesion[obs3]; essentialness[obs3] &c. adj.; quintessence, incarnation, quiddity, gist, pith, marrow, core, heart.
	subjectiveness; ego; egohood[obs3].
	sap, lifeblood, backbone, soul.
	essential &c. adj. - part; important part &c. [ref:  (importance) 642.].
	principle, nature, constitution, character, type, quality, crasis[obs3], diathesis[obs3].
$$.
	{{has_member(character): characteristic, R79a}}.
	{characteristic activity of a person: habit, R613, M7.1.1; temper, temperament; spirit, humor, grain; disposition}.
	endowment, capacity; capability &c. (power) R157.
	moods, declensions; peculiarities &c. (speciality) R79; idiosyncrasy, oddity; tendency &c. R176; diagnostics[obs2].
	{{similar_to: pattern, A4.6}}.
	{{has_manifestation: normality, R80}}. 
	V. be in the blood, run in the blood; be born so; be intrinsic &c. adj.
	Adj. intrinsic, intrinsical[obs3]; fundamental, normal;  inherent, essential.
	natural; derived from within, subjective; innate, inborn, inbred, ingrained, inwrought.
	coeval with birth, genetous[obs3], haematobious[obs3], syngenic[obs3]; radical, incarnate, thoroughbred, hereditary, inherited, immanent; congenital, congenite[obs1]; connate, running in the blood; ingenerate[obs3], ingenite[obs1]; indigenous; in the grain &c. n.; bred in the bone, instinctive; inward, internal &c. 221; to the manner born; implanted; virtual.
	characteristic &c. (special) 79, (indicative) 550; invariable, incurable, incorrigible, ineradicable, fixed.
	[ref: durability @R110].
	Adv. intrinsically &c. adj.; at bottom, in the main, in effect, practically, virtually, substantially, au fond; fairly.
	Phr. " character is higher than intellect " [Emerson]; "come give us a taste of your quality "[Hamlet];  magnos homines virtute metimur non fortuna [Lat][Nepos]; non numero haec judicantur sed pondere [Lat][Cicero]; " vital spark of heavenly flame " [Pope].

<-- characteristic was removed from this category and transferred to R79a, which also had characteristics under specification -->

<--%
External conditions
% -->
	#6. Extrinsicality.-- N. {{manifestation_of: essence, R5}}.
	extrinsicality[obs3], objectiveness, non ego;  accident; appearance, phenomenon &c. 448.
	[ref: extraneousness &c. 57].
	Adj. derived from without; objective; extrinsic, extrinsical[obs3]; extraneous &c. (foreign) 57; modal, adventitious; ascititious[obs3], adscititious[obs3]; incidental, accidental, nonessential; contingent, fortuitous.
	[ref: transientness @R111].
	implanted, ingrafted[obs3]; inculcated, infused.
outward, apparent &c. (external) 220.
	Adv. extrinsically &c. adj.

A1.1.4. MODAL  EXISTENCE
<%	Absolute  %>
	#7. State. -- N. state, condition.
	stage, developmental form.
	phase, period.
	constitution, habitude, diathesis[obs3]; frame, fabric &c. 329; stamp, set, fit, mold, mould.
	mode, modality, schesis[obs3].
	[ref: form &c. (shape) 240].
	tone, tenor, turn; trim, guise, fashion, light, complexion, style, character.
	temper.
	{{affected_by: circumstance, R8}}.
	{{has_property: aspect &c. (appearance) 448}}.
<-- states as applied to humans are listed separately under properties of humans  -->
	[ref: human condition, R7b, P2.2.4].
	V. be in a state, possess a state, enjoy a state, labor under a state &c. n.; be on a footing, do, fare; come to pass.
	Adj. conditional, modal, formal; structural, organic.
	Adv. conditionally &c. adj.; as the matter stands, as things are; such being the case &c. 8.
	Relative

	#8. Circumstance. -- N. circumstance, situation, phase, position, posture, attitude, place, point; terms; regime; footing, standing, status.
	occasion, juncture, conjunctive; contingency &c. (event) 151.
	predicament; emergence, emergency; exigency, crisis, pinch, pass, push; occurrence; turning point.
	bearings, how the land lies.
	surroundings, context, environment 229a[TE 232]; location 184.
	contingency, dependence (uncertainty) 475; causation 153, attribution 155.
	{{affects: state, R7}}.
	Adj. circumstantial; given, conditional, provisional; critical; modal; contingent, incidental; adventitious &c. (extrinsic) 6; limitative[obs3].
	Adv. in the circumstances, under the circumstances &c. n., the circumstances, conditions &c. 7; thus, in such wise.
	accordingly; that being the case, such being the case, in view of the circumstances; that being so, sith[obs3], since, seeing that.
	as matters stand; as things go, as times go.
	conditionally, provided, if, in case; if so,   if so be, if it be so; depending on circumstances, in certain circumstances, under certain conditions; if it so happen, if it so turn out; in the event of; in such a contingency,  in such a case, in such an event; provisionally, unless, without.
	according to circumstances, according to the occasion; as it may happen, as it may turn out,as it may  be; as the case may be, as the  wind blows; pro re nata[Lat].
	Phr. " yet are my sins not those of circumstance " [Lytton].

A2.  Relation    (R9 to R24)  [[relation]]
A2.1. ABSOLUTE RELATION
	#9. Relation. -- N. relation, relationship, bearing,  reference, connection, concern, cognation.
	[ref: correlation &c. 12].
	[ref: analogy, similarity &c. R17, A2.3].
	link, tie, bond of union.
	affinity, homology, alliance, homogeneity, association.
	filiation[obs3] &c. (consanguinity) 11; interest.
	{financial relation: interest}[ref: ownership, possession, R777, M9.2.1].
	[ref: relevancy &c. 23].
	[causal relation] dependency.
	{[in_frame(space)]} spatial relation, relative position.
	{[in_frame(space): linear orientation, P1.2.2.2.2]}.
	{{similar_to:  comparison &c. 464}}.
	[ref: human family relations, P2.3.2.3.2.2].
	{[in_frame(mathematics)}} ratio, proportion.
	[ref: approximation &c. (nearness) 197].
	V. be related &c. adj.; have a relation &c. n.; relate to, have to do with, refer to; bear upon; pertain to, belong to, appertain to; answer to.
	[trans] regard, concern, touch, affect,  interest.
	bring into relation with, bring to bear upon; connect, associate, draw a parallel.
	[ref: link &c. 43].
	Adj. relative; correlative &c. 12; cognate; relating to &c. v.; relative to, in relation with, referable or referrible to[obs3]; belonging to &c. v.; appurtenant to, in common with.
	related, connected; implicated, associated, affiliated, agnate, allied to; en rapport, in touch with.
	approximative[obs3], approximating; proportional, proportionate, proportionable; allusive, comparable.
	in the same category &c. 75; like &c. 17; relevant &c. (apt) 23; applicable, equiparant[obs3].
	[ref: relevant, pertinent, germane &c. R23].
	Adv. relatively &c. adj.; pertinently &c. 23.
	thereof; as to, as for, as respects, as regards; about; concerning &c. v.; anent; relating to, as relates to; with relation, with reference to, with respect to,with regard to; in respect of; while speaking of, a propos of[Fr]; in connection with; by the way, by the  by; whereas; for as much as, in as much as; in point of, as far as; on the part of,  on the score of; quoad hoc[Lat]; pro re nata[Lat]; under the head of &c. (class) 75  of; in the matter of, in re.
	Phr. " thereby hangs a tale " [Taming of the Shrew].

	#10. [Want, or absence of relation.]  Irrelation. -- N. irrelation[obs3], dissociation; misrelation[obs3]; inapplicability; inconnection[obs3]; multifariousness; disconnection &c. (disjunction) 44; inconsequence, independence; incommensurability.
	{{similar_to: extrinsicality, R57}}.
	[ref: intrusion, irreconcilableness &c. (disagreement) 24].
	[ref: heterogeneity; unconformity &c. 83].
	irrelevancy, impertinence, nihil ad rem[Lat]; non-pertinence.
	[ref: inclusion @ R635, P2.1.2  Specific Materials  R635].
	V. have no relation to &c. 9; have no bearing upon, have no concern with &c. 9 , have no business with; not concern &c. 9; have no business there, have nothing to do with.
	intrude &c. 24.
	bring in head and shoulders, drag in head and shoulders, lug in head and shoulders.
	Adj. unrelated; unconnected, disconnected; independent, unallied.
	irrelative[obs3], irrespective, regardless.
	adrift, isolated, insular.
	extraneous, extrinsic.
	strange, alien, foreign, outlandish, exotic.
	arbitrary, random.
	uncorrelated, orthogonal[math.].
	{{antonym(uncorrelated/orthogonal): correlated, @R12}} 
	not comparable, incommensurable.
	heterogeneous; unconformable &c. 83.
	[ref: irrelevant, inapplicable, @R23].
	not pertinent, not to the point, not to the purpose; impertinent, inapposite, beside the mark, a propos de bottes[Fr]; aside from the purpose, away from the purpose, foreign to the purpose, beside the purpose,  beside the question, beside the transaction,  beside the point.
	misplaced &c. (intrusive) 24; traveling out of the record.
	remote, far-fetched, out of the way, forced, neither here nor there, quite another thing; detached, segregate; disquiparant[obs3].
	multifarious; discordant &c. 24.
	incidental, parenthetical, obiter dicta, episodic.
	Adv. parenthetically &c. adj.; by the way, by the by; en passant[Fr], incidentally; irrespectively &c. adj.; apropos of nothing; without reference to, without regard to; in the abstract &c. 87; a se.
	
<-- R11 Consanguinity is moved to human relations [HREL] P2.3.2.3.2.2 -->

<-- in Roget 1911, the technical concept of correlation is mixed in with reciprocity.  Here we break out reciprocity to a new category, 12a -->
	#12. [interrelation.] Correlation. -- N. mutuality, correlation, interrelation, connection, link, association.
	{{manifestation_of: causality}} interdependence.
	[ref: similarity, analogy R23].
	{{antonym: irrelation, @R10}}.
	V.  correlate, be correlated; be interrelated.
	Adj. correlated, correlative, interrelated, closely related; alternate; interdependent, intertwined; complemental, complementary.
	international.
	{{antonym: unrelated, uncorrelated, @R10}}.

	#12a.  Reciprocity -- N.  reciprocity, reciprocation; mutuality.
	reciprocalness[obs3] &c. adj.
	reciprocator, reprocitist.
	give and take [context: human activity].
	{{similar_to: complement, adjunct, R39}}.
	[ref: interchange &c. R148].
	[ref: exchange, barter; currency exchange rate].
	V. reciprocate; give in return.
	interchange &c. 148; exchange, alternate; counterchange[obs3]; 
	Adj. reciprocal, reciprocative, mutual, commutual[obs3]; interchangeable.
	Adv. mutually, mutatis mutandis[Lat]; vice versa; in return; each other, one another; reciprocally &c. adj.
	[ref: by turns &c. R148].
	Phr. " happy in our mutual help " [Milton].

<-- identity in the sense of discover the identity (identify, recognize) is under R480b,  identification under M5.5, the results of reasoning,
  and R465 discrimination (operation of the intellect)  -->
	#13. Identity. -- N. identity, sameness, oneness, selfsameness.
	coincidence, coalescence.
	convertibility, interconvertability, interchangeability.
	[ref: equality &c. 27].
	selfness[obs3], self, oneself; identification.
	monotony, tautology &c. (repetition) 104.
	lack of contrast, absence of contrast, lack of difference..
	facsimile &c. (copy) 21; homoousia: alter ego &c. (similar) 17; ipsissima verba[Lat] &c. (exactness) 494; same; self, very , one and the same; very thing, actual thing; real McCoy; no other; one and only; in the flesh.
	V. be identical &c. adj.; coincide, coalesce, merge.
	treat as the same, render the same, render identical.
	lack contrast, lack variety, lack heterogeneity.
	[ref: identify; recognize the identity of, R480b, @M5.5].
	[render identical or similar] {{antonym(polarize)}} depolarize.
	Adj. identical; self, ilk; the same &c. n. selfsame, one and the same, homoousian[obs3].
	one.
	coincident, coalescent, coalescing; indistinguishable; equivalent &c. (equal) R27; no difference, tweedle dee and tweedle dum; much the same,  of a muchness[obs3]; unaltered.
	convertible, interconvertible, interchangeable.
	Adv. identically &c. adj.; on all fours.
	Phr.  six of one and half a dozen of the other; "a distinction without a difference"; "not a dime's worth of difference between them" [George Wallace].

	#14. [Noncoincidence.] Contrariety. -- N. contrariety, contrast, foil, antithesis, oppositeness,  polarity; contradiction;  clashing, repugnance.
	[ref: antagonism &c. (opposition) R708].
	the opposite, the reverse, the inverse, the converse, the antipodes, the antithesis, the other extreme.
	[ref: inversion &c. R218].
	[ref: difference, R15].
	{{&has_manifestation: antagonism, R179}}.
	[creation of polarity] polarization.
	[destruction of polarity] depolarization.
	V. be contrary &c. adj.; contrast with, oppose; differ toto coelo[Lat].
	invert, reverse, turn the tables; turn topsy-turvy, turn end for end, turn upside down, turn inside out.
	contradict, contravene.
	[render contrary] polarize.
	[ref: antagonize &c. R708].
	Adj. contrary, contrarious[obs3], contrariant[obs3]; opposite, counter, dead against.
	converse, reverse; opposed, antithetical, contrasted, contrasting, antipodal, antipodean, antagonistic, opposing.
	conflicting, inconsistent, contradictory.
	at cross purposes; negative; hostile &c. 703.
	differing toto coelo[Lat]; diametrically opposite, diametrically opposed; as opposite as black and white, as opposite as light and darkness, as opposite as fire and water, as opposite as the poles; as different as night and day; " Hyperion to a satyr"[ Hamlet]; quite the contrary, quite the reverse ;no such thing, just the other way, tout au contraire[Fr].
	Adv. contrarily &c. adj.; contra, contrariwise, per contra, on the contrary, nay rather; vice versa; on the other hand &c. (in compensation) 30.
	Phr. " all concord's born of contraries " [B. Jonson];  Thesis, antithesis, synthesis [Marx].

<-- note difference, here is not the same as dissimilar, R18.
	The concept in the Roget grouping, "difference", seems to be more of an individual difference, difference in one respect, rather than an overall difference, which is considered as dissimilarity.  For this classification, we treat difference as a meronym of dissimilarity.
 -->[[difference]]
	#15.  Difference. -- N. difference; variance, variation, variety; diversity, divergence; distinction, contradistinction, discrepancy; alteration, alterity.
	modification, permutation, moods and tenses.
	nice distinction, fine distinction, delicate distinction, subtle distinction; shade of difference, nuance;  differentia.
	{{part_of: dissimilarity, R18}}.
	different thing, something else, apple off another tree, another pair of shoes; horse of a different color; this that or the other.
	{{&caused_by: change, R140}}.
$$.
	[ref: discrimination &c. R465].
	[ref: contrariety, opposition R14].
	[ref: disagreement &c. R24].
	[ref: disparity &c. (inequality) 28].
	V. be different &c. adj.; differ, vary, ablude[obs1], mismatch, contrast; divaricate; differ toto coelo[Lat], differ longo intervallo[It].
	vary, modify &c. (change) 140.
	discriminate &c. 465.
	Adj. differing &c. v.; different, diverse, heterogeneous, multifarious, polyglot; distinguishable, dissimilar; varied, modified; diversified, various, divers, all manner of, all kinds of; variform &c. 81[obs3]; daedal[obs3].
	other, another, not the same; unequal &c. 28. unmatched; widely apart, poles apart, distinctive, characteristic; discriminative; distinguishing.
	incommensurable, incommensurate.
	Adv. differently &c. adj.
	Phr. il y a fagots et fagots.

A2.2. CONTINUOUS RELATION
<--   16.  Uniformity     -->

	#16. Uniformity. -- N. uniformity; homogeneity, homogeneousness; consistency; connaturality[obs3], connaturalness[obs3].
	accordance; consonance, uniformness; regularity, constancy, even tenor, routine; monotony.
	[ref: normality, conformity &c. 82].
	[ref: agreement &c. 23].
	[ref: similarity, homology].
	[ref: perfection @R650].
	V. be uniform &c. adj.; accord with &c. 23; run through.
become uniform &c. adj.; conform to &c. 82.
	render uniform, homogenize &c. adj.; assimilate, level, smooth, dress.
	Adj. uniform; homogeneous, homologous[obs2].
	of a piece[Fr], consistent, connatural[obs3]; monotonous, even, invariable; regular, unchanged, unchanging, undeviating, unvaried, unvarying, invariant.
	continuous, unsegmented.
	[ref: flawless @R650].
	Adv. uniformly &c. adj.; uniformly with &c. (conformably) 82; in harmony with &c. (agreeing) 23.
	always, invariably, without exception, without fail, unfailingly, never otherwise; by clockwork.
	Phr. ab uno disce omnes[Lat].

	#16a. [Absence or want of uniformity.] Nonuniformity. -- N. diversity, irregularity, unevenness; multiformity &c. 81; unconformity &c. 83; roughness &c. 256; dissimilarity, dissimilitude, divarication, divergence.
	[ref: imperfection, flaw @R651].
	Adj. diversified  varied, irregular, uneven,  rough &c. 256; multifarious; multiform &c. 81; of various kinds; all manner of, all sorts of, all kinds of.
	[ref: imperfect, flawed @R651].
	Adv. variously, in all manner of ways, here there and everywhere.

A2.3. PARTIAL  RELATION
	#17. Similarity. -- N. similarity, resemblance, likeness, similitude, semblance; affinity, approximation, parallelism; analogy, analogicalness[obs3]; homology; correspondence, homoiousia[obs3], parity.
	connaturalness[obs3], connaturality[obs3]; brotherhood; family likeness, family resemblance.
	[ref: agreement &c. 23].
	[context: language] alliteration, rhyme, pun.
	repetition &c. 104; sameness &c. (identity) 13; uniformity &c. 16; isogamy[obs3].
	analogue, analog; the like; match, pendant.
	{{trait_of: twin, mate @P2.3.2.3.2.4.17}}.
	parallel; simile; type &c. (metaphor) 521; image &c. (representation) 554; photograph; close resemblance, striking resemblance, perfect match, speaking resemblance, faithful likeness,  faithful resemblance.
	V. be similar &c. adj.; look like, resemble, bear resemblance;  smack of, savor of; approximate; parallel, match, rhyme with; take after;  imitate &c. 19; favor, span [U. S.].
	render similar &c. adj.; assimilate, approximate, bring near; connaturalize[obs3], make alike; rhyme, pun.
	Adj. similar; resembling &c. v.; like, alike; twin.
	analogous, analogical; homologous; parallel, of a piece[Fr]; such as, so; homoiousian[obs3].
	connatural[obs3],  congener, allied to; akin to &c. (consanguineous) 11.
	approximate, much the same, near, close, something like, sort of, in the ballpark, such like; a show of; mock, pseudo, simulating, representing.
	exact &c. (true) 494.
	lifelike, faithful; true to nature, true to life, the very image, the very picture of; for all the world like, comme deux gouttes d'eau[Fr]; as like as two peas in a pod, as like as it can stare; instar omnium[Lat], cast in the same mold, ridiculously like.
	Adv. as if, so to speak; as it were, as if it were; quasi, just as, veluti in speculum[Lat].
	et cetera, etc, &c.; and the like, and so forth.
	[of meaning] to that effect.
	Phr. et sic de similibus[Lat].
	[of people] tel maitre tel valet[Fr], like master, like servant; tel pere tel fils[Fr], like father like son, the fruit doesn't fall far from the tree, a chip off the old block.
	"a distinction without a difference".

<-- in this classification, the entry "difference" will be considered as one element (part) of "dissimilarity" -->
	#18. Dissimilarity. -- N. dissimilarity, dissimilaritude[obs3]; unlikeness, diversity, disparity, dissemblance[obs3]; divergence, variation.
	{{has_part: difference &c. R15}}.
	{{&caused_by: change, R140}}.
	[ref: novelty, originality, R20].
	V. be unlike &c. adj.; bear no resemblance to, differ toto coelo[Lat].
	[ref: vary &c. (differ) 15].
	break new ground.
	render unlike &c. adj.; vary &c. (diversify) 140.
	Adj. dissimilar, unlike, disparate; divergent; of a different kind &c. (class) 75 unmatched, unique.
	[ref: new, novel, original, patented; ground-breaking, pioneering,
@R20 , non-imitation].
	creative, imaginative.
	patentable, non-obvious, unobvious.
	[ref: unprecedented &c. 83].
	nothing of the kind; no such thing, quite another thing; far from it, cast in a different mold, tertium quid[Lat], as like a dock as a daisy, "very like a whale " [Hamlet]; as different as chalk from cheese,  as different as Macedon and Monmouth; lucus a non lucendo[Lat].
	diversified &c. 16a.
	Adv. otherwise.
	Phr. diis aliter visum[Lat]; " no more like my father than I to Hercules" [Hamlet].

[[copy]]
	#19. Imitation. -- N. {{has_result: copy. R21}}.
	imitation; copying &c. v.; transcription; repetition, duplication, reduplication; quotation; reproduction; replication.
	mockery, mimicry; simulation, impersonation, personation; representation &c. 554; semblance; copy &c. 21; assimilation.
	paraphrase.
	{{has_subtype: @R856, parody, take-off, lampoon, caricature}}.
	plagiarism;  celluloid.
	[of animals: reproduction, procreation; replication].
	{{similar_to(copying): duplication, R90}}.
	{{similar_to: forgery, counterfeit &c. (falsehood) 544, M4}}.
<--  imitator to person who ... P2.3.2.3.2.5.38   Imitator -->
	V. imitate, copy, mirror, reflect, reproduce, replicate, repeat; do like, echo, reecho, catch; transcribe;  match, parallel.
	mock, mimic, ape, simulate, impersonate, personate; act &c. (drama) 599; represent &c. 554; counterfeit.
	{{has_subtype: @R856, take off, parody, travesty, caricature, lampoon, burlesque}}.
	follow in the steps of, tread in the steps,  follow in the footsteps of, follow in the wake of; take pattern by; follow suit,  follow the example of; walk in the shoes of, take a leaf out of another's book, strike in with, follow suit; take after, model after; emulate.
	Adj. imitated &c. v.; mock, mimic; modelled after, molded on.
	paraphrastic; literal; imitative; secondhand; imitable; aping, apish, mimicking.
	counterfeit, phony, ersatz.
	Adv. literally, to the letter, verbatim, literatim[Lat], sic, totidem verbis[Lat], word for word, mot a mot[Fr]; exactly, precisely.

	Phr.like master like man; " like - but oh! how different! " [Wordsworth]; " genius borrows nobly " [Emerson]; " pursuing echoes calling 'mong the rocks " [A. Coles]; " quotation confesses inferiority " [Emerson]; "Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery".

<-- && R20 refers mostly to the human trait creativity, and should have its primary location under human traits -->
	#20. Nonimitation. -- N. no imitation; originality; creativeness, creativity, inventiveness; novelty.
	invention, creation.
	no prior art[Law].
	imagination, imaginitiveness; oogamy[obs3].
	{{has_high_level}} genius.
	{{trait_of: originator, producer, R164, P2.3.2.3.2.5.32}}.
	{{similar_to: newness, R123}}.
	Adj. unimitated[obs3], uncopied[obs3]; unmatched, unparalleled.
	unique, original; creative, inventive, untranslated; exceptional, rare, sui generis uncommon[Lat], unexampled.
	new, novel, original, patented; ground-breaking, pioneering.
	inimitable &c. 13.

	#20a. Variation. -- N. variation; alteration &c. (change) 140.
modification, moods and tenses; discrepance[obs3], discrepancy.
divergency &c. 291[obs3]; aberration; innovation.
	[math] variance; standard deviation; root mean square deviation, RMS, RMS deviation; standard error; deviation &c. 279.
	V. vary &c. (change) 140; deviate &c. 279; diverge &c. 291; alternate, swerve.
	Adj. varied &c. v.; modified; diversified &c. 16a.
<-- "replicate" as used here differs somewhat from "copy". A copy is a duplication of an original, whereas a replicate is one of a number of items produced by a procedure (such as casting, printing; even an experiment) all of which are equally original. Thus it is an original and a copy at the same time! -->
	#21. [Result of imitation.] Copy. -- N. {{antonym: original, prototype, R22}}{{property_of(posteriority, R117)}}.
	copy, facsimile, replica, counterpart, effigies, effigy, form, likeness.
	model, representation, adumbration, study.
	resemblance; duplicate, reproduction, replication.
	{{has_property(original)}} {{has_member(set/run)}} replicate, copy.
	reflex, reflexion[Brit], reflection; shadow, echo.
	{{similar_to: imitation &c. R19}}.
	{{has_subtype: @R856, parody, caricature, burlesque, travesty, travestie[obs3]}}.
	paraphrase.
	[copy into a non-visual form] recording, scan.
	transcript.
	{{has_subtype: portrait &c. (representation) R554, @M8.1.3.2   Natural Means of communication }}.
	[copy with some differences] derivative, derivation, modification, expansion, extension, revision.
	reprint, new printing; rechauffe[Fr]; apograph[obs3], fair copy; second edition &c. (repetition) 104.
	servile copy, servile imitation.
	{{has_subtype(writing): mimeograph, xerox, facsimile; reprint, offprint;  photo offset}}.
	{[of(document)]} {{has_subtype: facsimile, reprint, R590, @M8.1.3.3.2.4}}.
	pasticcio[obs3].
$$.
	{{has_subtype(replicate): @P2.3.1.3.6.5, cast; mold}}
	{{has_subtype(replicate): @P2.3.1.3.6.1, print}}.
	[ref: plagiarism, counterfeit, fake  &c.(deception) 545].
	{{product_of}} copying, replication.
	{{product_of(transcript)}} transcription.
	{{similar_to(copying): duplication, R90}}.
	Adj. faithful; lifelike &c. (similar) 17; close, conscientious.
	unoriginal, imitative, derivative.

	#22. [Thing copied.] Prototype. -- N. {{property_of(antecedence, R116)}}.
	prototype, original, model, paradigm, pattern, precedent, standard, ideal, reference, scantling, type, exemplar, example; archetype, antitype[obs3]; protoplast, module, ensample[obs3]; lay-figure.
	{{has_subtype: text, copy, (writing), R590, @M8.1.3.3.2.4}}.
	design; fugleman[obs3], keynote.
	die, mold; matrix, last, plasm[obs3]; proplasm[obs3], protoplasm; mint; seal, punch, intaglio; stamp.
	negative.
	V. be an example, be a role model, set an example; set a copy. Phr. a precedent embalms a principle [Disraeli]; exempla sunt odiosa[Lat].

A2.4. GENERAL  RELATION

	#23. Agreement. -- N. agreement; accord, accordance; unison, harmony; concord &c. 714; concordance, concert; understanding, mutual understanding.
	conformity &c. 82; conformance; uniformity &c. 16; consonance, consentaneousness[obs3], consistency; congruity, congruence; keeping; congeniality; correspondence, parallelism, apposition, union.
	fitness, aptness &c. adj.; relevancy; pertinence, pertinencey[obs3]; sortance[obs1]; case in point; aptitude, coaptation[obs3], propriety, applicability, admissibility, commensurability, compatibility; cognation &c. (relation) 9.
	adaptation, adaption[obs3], adjustment, acclimatization, graduation, accommodation; reconciliation, reconcilement; assimilation.
	consent &c. (assent) 488; concurrence &c. 178; cooperation &c. 709.
	right man in the right place, very thing; quite the thing, just the thing.
	V. be accordant &c. adj.; agree, accord, harmonize; correspond, tally, respond; meet, suit, fit, befit, do, adapt itself to; fall in with, chime in with, square with, quadrate with, consort with, comport with; dovetail, assimilate; fit like a glove, fit to a tittle, fit to a T; match &c. 17; become one; homologate[obs3].
	consent &c. (assent) 488.
	render accordant &c. adj.; fit, suit, adapt, acclimatize, acclimate, accommodate; graduate; adjust &c. (render equal) 27; dress, regulate, readjust.
	reconcile; fadge[obs3], square.
	Adj. agreeing, suiting &c. v.; in accord, accordant, concordant, consonant, congruous, consentaneous[obs3], correspondent, congenial; coherent; becoming; harmonious reconcilable, conformable; in accordance with, in harmony with, in keeping with, in unison with &c. n.; at one with, of one mind, of a piece[Fr]; consistent, compatible, proportionate; commensurate; on all fours.
	apt, apposite, pertinent, pat; to the point, to the purpose; happy, felicitous, germane, ad rem[Lat], in point, on point, directly on point, bearing upon, applicable, relevant, admissible.
	fit, in loco, a propos[Fr], appropriate, seasonable, sortable, suitable, idoneous[obs3], deft; meet &c. (expedient) 646.
	adapted, acclimatized.
	at home, in one's proper element.
	Adv. a propos of[Fr]; pertinently &c. adj.
	Phr. rem acu tetigisti[Lat][obs3]; "if the shoe fits, wear it"; the cap fits; auxilia humilia firma consensus facit [Lat][Syrus]; discers concordia [Lat][Ovid].

	#24. Disagreement. -- N. disagreement; discord, discordance; dissonance, dissidence, discrepancy; incongruity, incongruence[obs3]; discongruity[obs3], mesalliance; jarring &c. v.; dissension &c. 713; conflict &c. (opposition) 708; bickering, clashing, misunderstanding, wrangle.
	disparity, mismatch, disproportion; dissimilitude, inequality; disproportion, disproportionateness[obs3] &c. adj.; variance, divergence, repugnance.
	unfitness &c. adj.; inaptitude, impropriety; inapplicability &c. adj.; inconsistency, inconcinnity[obs3]; irrelevancy &c. (irrelation) 10.
	misjoining[obs3], misjoinder[obs3]; syncretism[obs3], intrusion, interference; concordia discors[Lat].
	[ref: unconformity &c. 83, fish out of water].
	V. disagree; clash, jar &c. (discord) 713; interfere, intrude, come amiss; not concern &c. 10; mismatch; humano capiti cervicem jungere equinam[Lat].
	Adj. disagreeing &c. v.; discordant, discrepant; at variance, at war; hostile, antagonistic, repugnant, incompatible, irreconcilable, inconsistent with; unconformable, exceptional &c. 83; intrusive, incongruous; disproportionate, disproportionated[obs3]; inharmonious, unharmonious[obs3]; inconsonant, unconsonant[obs3]; divergent, repugnant to.
	inapt, unapt, inappropriate, improper; unsuited, unsuitable; inapplicable, not to the point; unfit, unfitting, unbefitting; unbecoming; ill-timed, unseasonable, mal a propos[Fr], inadmissible; inapposite &c. (irrelevant) 10. uncongenial; ill-assorted, ill-sorted; mismatched, misjoined[obs3], misplaced, misclassified; unaccommodating, irreducible, incommensurable, uncommensurable[obs3]; unsympathetic.
	out of character,  out of keeping, out of proportion,  out of joint,  out of tune,  out of place,  out of season,  out of its element; at odds with, at variance with.
	Adv. in defiance, in contempt,in spite of; discordantly &c. adj.; a tort et a travers[obs3].
	Phr. asinus ad lyram[Lat].

A3.  Quantity    R25 to R57  [[quantity]]
<--  			Absolute			Relative   -->
A3.1. SIMPLE.QUANTITY
<-- units of measure are located under their respective dimensions, e.g. length under length, volume under volume, etc. -->
	#25. [Absolute quantity.] Quantity. -- N. quantity, amount, measure; mass, body, quantum.
	magnitude.
	{{has_subtype:  size &c. (dimensions) 192}}.
	{{has_subtype}} sum, total, aggregate, bulk.
	{{assessed_by: measure, mensuration, R466, @M2.2}}.
	substance, strength, force.
	load, lot.
	amplitude.
	{{studied_in}} mathematics, mathesis[obs3].
	[Logic.] category, general conception, universal predicament.
	{{has_subtype}} [Definite or finite quantity.] armful, handful, mouthful, spoonful, capful; bundle; stock, batch, lot, dose; yaffle[obs3].
	{{has_subtype: large quantity, @gathering, R72. Assemblage, @A4.3.1  Group}}.
	{{has_subtype: small quantity, @smallness, R32}}.
	V. quantify, measure, fix, estimate, determine, quantitate, enumerate.
	Adj. quantitative, some, any, aught, more or less, a few.
	Adv.  to the tune of, all of,  a full, the sum of, fully, exactly, precisely.

	#26. [Relative quantity.] Degree. -- N. degree, grade, extent, measure, amount, ratio, stint, standard, height, pitch; reach, amplitude, range, scope, caliber; gradation, shade; tenor, compass; sphere, station, rank, standing; rate, way, sort.
	point, mark, stage &c. (term) 71; intensity, strength &c. (greatness) 31.
	Adj. comparative; gradual, shading off; within the bounds &c. (limit) 233.
	Adv. by degrees, gradually, inasmuch, pro tanto[It]; however, howsoever; step by step, bit by bit, little by little, inch by inch, drop by drop; a little at a time, by inches, by slow degrees, by degrees, by little and little; in some degree, in some measure; to some extent; di grado in grado[It].

A3.2. COMPARATIVE  QUANTITY  ........

	#27. [Sameness of quantity or degree.] Equality. -- N. equality, parity, coextension[obs3], symmetry, balance, poise; evenness, monotony, level.
	equivalence; equipollence[obs3], equipoise, equilibrium, equiponderance[obs3]; par, quits, a wash; not a pin to choose; distinction without a difference, six of one and half a dozen of the other; tweedle dee and tweedle dum[Lat]; identity &c. 13; similarity &c. 17.
	equalization, equation; equilibration, coordination, adjustment, readjustment.
	drawn game, drawn battle; neck and neck race; tie, draw, standoff, dead heat. 
	match, peer, compeer, equal, mate, fellow, brother; equivalent.
	V. be equal &c. adj.; equal, match,reach, keep pace with, run abreast; come to, amount to, come up to; be on a level with, lie on a level with; balance; cope with; come to the same thing.
	render equal &c. adj.; equalize level, dress, balance, equate, handicap, give points, spot points, handicap, trim, adjust, poise; fit, accommodate; adapt &c. (render accordant) 23; strike a balance; establish equality, restore equality, restore equilibrium; readjust; stretch on the bed of Procrustes.
	Adj. equal, even, level, monotonous, coequal, symmetrical, coordinate; on a par with,  on a level with, on a footing with; up to the mark; equiparant[obs3].
	equivalent, tantamount; indistinguishable; quits; homologous; synonymous &c. 522; resolvable into, convertible, much at one, as broad as long, neither more nor less.; much the same as, the same thing as, as good as; all one, all the same; equipollent, equiponderant[obs3], equiponderous[obs3], equibalanced[obs3]; equalized &c. v.; drawn; half and half; isochronal, isochronous isoperimetric[obs3], isoperimetrical[obs3]; isobath[Oceanography], isobathic[Oceanography].
	Adv. equally &c. adj.; pari passu[Lat], ad eundum[Lat], caeteris paribus[Lat]; in equilibrio[Lat]; to all intents and purposes.
	Phr. it comes to the same thing,  it amounts to the same thing; what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.

	#28. [Difference of quantity or degree.] Inequality. -- N. inequality; disparity, imparity; odds; difference &c. 15; unevenness; inclination of the balance, partiality, bias, weight; shortcoming; casting weight, make-weight; superiority &c. 33; inferiority &c. 34; inequation[obs3].
	V. be unequal &c. adj.; countervail; have the advantage, give the advantage; turn the scale; kick the beam; topple,topple over; overmatch &c. 33; not come up to &c. 34.
	Adj. unequal, uneven, disparate, partial; unbalanced, overbalanced; top-heavy, lopsided, biased, skewed; disquiparant[obs3].
	Adv. haud passibus aequis  [Latin][Vergil].

	#29. Mean. -- N. mean, average; median, mode; balance,  medium, mediocrity, generality;  golden mean &c. (mid-course) 628; middle &c. 68; compromise &c. 774; middle course, middle state; neutrality.
	mediocrity, least common denominator.
	V. split the difference; take the average &c. n.; reduce to a mean &c. n.; strike a balance, pair off.
	Adj. mean, intermediate; middle &c. 68; average; neutral.
	mediocre, middle-class; commonplace &c. (unimportant) 643.
	Adv. on an average, in the long run; taking one with another, taking all things together, taking it for all in all; communibus annis[Lat], in round numbers.
	Phr. medium tenuere beati[Lat].

<--  &&  Where does this belong? Mostly refers to human affairs,
  purposive behavior.  "balance, counterbalance" is relatively abstract.  Leave that here?  Part to restitution, R790, M9.2.2 -->
	#30. Compensation. -- N. neutralization, nullification; compensation, equation.
	balance, counterbalance.
	set-off, offset.
	{{property_of:  make-weight, casting-weight; counterpoise, ballast, counterbalance, tare, @P2.3.1.3.1.3.5  weights}}.
	reaction; measure for measure.
	retaliation &c. R718; equalization &c. R27.
	compromise &c. R774; counteraction &c. R179.
	{{property_of: indemnification, restitution, R790}}.
	V. make compensation; compensate, compense[obs3]; indemnify; counteract, countervail, counterpoise; balance; outbalance[obs3], overbalance, counterbalance; set off; hedge, square, give and take; make up for, lee way; cover, fill up, neutralize, nullify; equalize &c. 27; make good; redeem &c. (atone) R952.
	Adj. compensating, compensatory; countervailing &c. v.; in the opposite scale; equivalent &c. (equal) 27.
	Adv. in return, in consideration.
	Conj. but, however, yet, still, notwithstanding; nevertheless, nathless[obs3], none the less; although, though; albeit, howbeit; mauger[obs3]; at all events, at any rate; be that as it may, for all that, even so; on the other hand, at the same time, quoad minus[Lat], quand meme[Fr], however that may be; after all is said and done; taking one thing with another &c. (average) 29.
	Phr. " light is mingled with the gloom " [Whittier]; every dark cloud has a silver lining; primo avulso non deficit alter [Lat][obs3][Vergil]; saepe creat molles aspera spina rosas [Lat][Ovid].

A3.2. COMPARATIVE  QUANTITY  ........
<--  		By Comparison with a Standard
			31.  Greatness                32. Smallness  -->

	#31. Greatness. -- N. greatness &c. adj.; magnitude; might, strength, intensity, fullness.
	multitude &c. (number) 102; immensity; enormity; infinity &c. 105.
	size &c. (dimensions) 192.
	importance &c. 642.
	quantity, deal, power, sight, pot, volume, world; [mountain, mass, heap &c. (assemblage) 72]; stock &c. (store) 636; flood, spring tide; abundance &c. (sufficiency) 639.
	principal part, chief part, main part, greater part, major part, best part, essential part ; bulk, mass &c. (whole) 50.
	[ref: peck, bushel, load, cargo, (volume) R200b].
	{{property_of:   cartload[obs3], wagonload, shipload, R200b}} .
	{{property_of: large quantity @gathering, R72. Assemblage, @A4.3.1}} shitload[vulg.].
	V. be great &c. adj.; run high, soar, tower, transcend; rise to a great height, carry  to a great height; know no bounds; ascend, mount.
	enlarge &c. (increase) 35, (expand) 194.
	Adj. great; greater &c. 33; large, considerable, fair, above par; big, huge &c. (large in size) 192; Herculean, cyclopean; ample; abundant &c. (enough) 639 full, intense, strong, sound, passing, heavy, plenary, deep, high; signal, at its height, in the zenith.
	world-wide, widespread, far-famed, extensive; wholesale; many &c. 102.
	goodly, noble, precious, mighty; sad, grave, heavy, serious; far gone, arrant, downright; utter, uttermost; crass, gross, arch, profound, intense, consummate; rank, uninitiated, red-hot, desperate; glaring, flagrant, stark staring; thorough-paced, thoroughgoing; roaring, thumping; extraordinary.; important &c. 642; unsurpassed &c. (supreme) 33; complete &c. 52.
	august, grand, dignified, sublime, majestic &c. (repute) 873.
	vast, immense, enormous, humongous[coll.], extreme.
	{{similar_to: wasteful, R638, M7.2.2.1.1}} inordinate, excessive, extravagant, immoderate, exorbitant, outrageous, preposterous, unconscionable, swinging.
	monstrous, overgrown.
	towering, stupendous, prodigious, astonishing, incredible; marvelous &c. 870.
	unlimited &c. (infinite) 105; unapproachable, unutterable, indescribable, ineffable, unspeakable, inexpressible, beyond expression, fabulous.
	undiminished, unabated, unreduced[obs3], unrestricted.
	absolute, positive, stark, decided, unequivocal, essential, perfect, finished.
	remarkable, of mark, marked, pointed, veriest; noteworthy; renowned.
	Adv.  [in a positive degree] truly &c. (truth) 494; decidedly, unequivocally, purely, absolutely, seriously, essentially, fundamentally, radically, downright, in all conscience; for the most part, in the main.
	[in a complete degree] entirely &c. (completely) 52; abundantly &c. (sufficiently) 639; widely, far and wide.
	[in a great or high degree] greatly &c. adj.; much, muckle[obs3], well, indeed, very, very much, a deal, no end of, most, not a little; pretty, pretty well; enough, in a great measure, richly; to a large extent,  to a great extent, to a gigantic extent; on a large scale; so; never so, ever so; ever so dole; scrap, shred, tag, splinter, rag, much; by wholesale; mighty, powerfully; with a witness, ultra[Lat], in the extreme, extremely, exceedingly, intensely, exquisitely, acutely, indefinitely, immeasurably; beyond compare, beyond comparison, beyond measure, beyond all bounds; incalculably, infinitely.
	[in a supreme degree] preeminently, superlatively &c. (superiority) 33.
	[in a too great degree] {{similar_to: wastefully, @R638, M7.2.2.1.1}} immoderately, monstrously, preposterously, inordinately, exorbitantly, excessively, enormously, out of all proportion, outrageously, with a vengeance.
	[in a marked degree] particularly, remarkably, singularly, curiously, uncommonly, unusually, peculiarly, notably, signally, strikingly, pointedly, mainly, chiefly; famously, egregiously, prominently, glaringly, emphatically, <gr/kat exochin/>[Grk], strangely, wonderfully, amazingly, surprisingly, astonishingly, incredibly, marvelously, awfully, stupendously.
	[in an exceptional degree] peculiarly &c. (unconformity) 83.
	[in a violent degree] furiously &c. (violence) 173; severely, desperately, tremendously, extravagantly, confoundedly, deucedly, devilishly, with a vengeance; a outrance[obs3], a toute outrance[Fr][obs3].
	[in a painful degree] painfully, sadly, grossly, sorely, bitterly, piteously, grievously, miserably, cruelly, woefully, lamentably, shockingly, frightfully, dreadfully, fearfully, terribly, horribly.
	Phr. a maximis ad minima[Lat]; " greatness knows itself" [Henry IV]; " mightiest powers by deepest calms are fed " [B. Cornwall]; minimum decet libere cui multum licet [Lat][Seneca]; " some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them " [Twelfth Night].

<-- && to a limited degree should be broken out to a section near to qualification 469 " Almost" is moved to R34, near less -->
	#32. Smallness. -- N. smallness &c. adj.; littleness &c. (small size) 193; tenuity; paucity; fewness &c. (small number) 103; meanness, insignificance (unimportance) 643; mediocrity, moderation.
	finiteness, finite quantity.
$$.
	{{property_of}} {{has_subtype(quantity)}} small quantity, modicum, trace, hint, minimum; vanishing point; material point, atom, particle, molecule, corpuscle, point, speck, dot, mote, jot, iota, ace; minutiae, details; look, thought, idea, soupcon, dab, dight[obs3], whit, tittle, shade, shadow; spark, scintilla, gleam; touch, cast; grain, scruple, granule, globule, minim, sup, sip, sop, spice, drop, droplet, sprinkling, dash, morceau[obs3], screed, smack, smidgin, tinge, tincture; inch, patch, scantling, tatter, cantlet[obs3], flitter, gobbet[obs3], mite, bit, morsel, crumb, seed, fritter, shive[obs3]; snip, snippet; snick[obs3], snack, snatch, slip, scrag[obs3]; chip, chipping; shiver, sliver, driblet, clipping, paring, shave, shaving, hair.
	{{property_of}}{{has_subtype(quantity)}} nutshell; thimbleful, spoonful, handful, capful, mouthful; fragment; fraction &c. (part) 51; drop in the ocean.
	{{property_of: animalcule &c. R193}}.
	{{property_of}}{{has_subtype(quantity)}} trifle &c. (unimportant thing) 643; mere nothing, next to nothing; hardly anything; just enough to swear by; the shadow of a shade.
	V. be small &c. adj.; lie in a nutshell.
	diminish &c. (decrease) 36; (contract) 195.
	Adj. small, little; diminutive &c. (small in size) 193; minute; fine; inconsiderable, paltry &c. (unimportant) 643; faint &c. (weak) 160; slender, light, slight, scanty, scant, limited; meager &c. (insufficient) 640; sparing; few &c. 103; low, so-so, middling, tolerable, no great shakes; below par, under par, below  the mark; at a low ebb; halfway; moderate, modest; tender, subtle.
	inappreciable, evanescent, infinitesimal, homeopathic, very small; atomic, corpuscular, microscopic, molecular, subatomic.
	mere, simple, sheer, stark, bare; near run.
	dull, petty, shallow, stolid, ungifted, unintelligent.
	Adv.  [in a small degree] to a small extent, on a small scale; a little bit, a wee bit; slightly &c. adj.; imperceptibly; miserably, wretchedly; insufficiently &c. 640; imperfectly; faintly &c. 160; passably, pretty well, well enough.
	[in a certain or limited degree] partially, in part; in a certain degree, to a certain degree; to a certain extent; comparatively; some, rather in some degree, in some measure; something, somewhat; simply, only, purely, merely; at least, at the least, at most, at the most; ever so little, as little as may be, tant soit peu[Fr], in ever so small a degree; thus far, pro  tanto[It], within bounds, in a manner, after a fashion, so to speak.
	{{similar_to: almost, @R34}}.
	[in an uncertain degree] about, thereabouts, somewhere about, nearly, say; be the same,  be little more or less.  no ways[in no degree], no way, no wise; not at all, not in the least, not a bit, not a bit of it, not a whit, not a jot, not a shadow; in no wise, in no respect; by no means, by no manner of means; on no account, at no hand.
	Phr. dare pondus idonea fumo [Lat][Persius]; magno conatu magnas nugas [Lat][Terence]; " small sands the mountain, moments make the year " [Young].

<%
By Comparison with a Similar Object
%>[[more]]
	#33. Superiority. [Supremacy.] -- N. superiority, majority; greatness &c. 31; advantage, dominance, ascendancy; pull; preponderance, preponderation; vantage ground, prevalence, partiality; personal superiority; nobility &c. (rank) 875.
	{{trait_of: champion, P2.3.2.3.2.4.18}}
	{{trait_of: expert, P2.3.2.3.2.4.19}}
	supremacy, preeminence; lead; maximum; record; <gr/trikumia/gr>, climax; culmination &c. (summit) 210; transcendence; ne plus ultra[Lat]; lion's share, Benjamin's mess; excess, surplus &c. (remainder) 40; (redundancy) 641.
	[ref: greatness, R31].
	V. be superior &c. adj.; exceed, excel, transcend; outdo, outbalance[obs3], outweigh, outrank, outrival, out-Herod; pass, surpass, get ahead of; over-top, override, overpass, overbalance, overweigh, overmatch; top, o'er-top, cap, beat, cut out; beat hollow; outstrip &c. 303; eclipse, throw into the shade, take the shine out of, outshine, put one's nose out of joint; have the upper hand, have the whip hand of, have the advantage; turn the scale, kick the beam; play first fiddle &c. (importance) 642,; preponderate, predominate, prevail; precede, take precedence, come first; come to a  head, culminate; beat &c. all others,
bear the palm; break the record; take the cake * [U. S.].
become larger, render larger &c. (increase) 35, (expand) 194.
	Adj. superior, greater, major, higher; exceeding &c. v.; great &c. 31; distinguished, ultra; vaulting; more than a match for.
	[of people] high class, top-notch.
	supreme, greatest, utmost, paramount, preeminent, foremost, crowning; first-rate &c. (important) 642, (excellent) 648; unrivaled peerless, matchless; none such, second to none, sans pareil[Fr]; unparagoned[obs3], unparalleled, unequalled, unapproached[obs3], unsurpassed; superlative, inimitable facile princeps[Lat], incomparable, sovereign, without parallel, nulli secundus[Lat], ne plus ultra[Lat]; beyond compare, beyond comparison; culminating &c. (topmost) 210; transcendent, transcendental;plus royaliste que le Roi[Fr], more catholic than the Pope
	increased &c. (added to) 35; enlarged &c. (expanded) 194.
	Adv. more, beyond, over.
	over the mark, above the mark; above par; upwards of, in advance of; over and above; at the top of the scale, at its height.
	[in a superior or supreme degree] exceedingly, extremely, eminently, egregiously, preeminently, surpassing, surpassingly, prominently, superlatively, supremely, above all, of all things, the most, to crown all, <gr/kat exochin/gr>, par excellence, principally, especially, particularly, peculiarly, a fortiori, even, yea, still more.
	{{similar_to: to a high degree, @R31}}.
	Phr. " I shall not look upon his like again " [Hamlet]; deos fortioribus addesse [Lat][Tacitus].

	#34. Inferiority. -- N. inferiority, minority, subordinacy; shortcoming, deficiency; minimum; imperfection; lower quality, lower worth.
	{{similar_to: smallness &c. R32}}.
	[personal inferiority] commonalty &c. 876.
	V. be inferior &c. adj.; fall short of, come short of;  not pass, not come up to; want.
	become smaller, render smaller &c. (decrease) 36, (contract) 195; hide its diminished head, retire into the shade, yield the palm, play second fiddle, be upstaged, take a back seat.
	Adj. inferior, smaller; small &c. 32; minor, less, lesser, deficient, minus, lower, subordinate, secondary; second-rate &c. (imperfect) 651; sub, subaltern; thrown into the shade; weighed in the balance and found wanting; not fit to hold a candle to, can't hold a candle to.
	least, smallest &c. (see little, small &c. 193); lowest.
	diminished &c. (decreased) 36; reduced &c. (contracted) 195; unimportant &c. 643.
	Adv. less; under the mark, below the mark,below par; at the bottom of the scale, at a low  ebb, at a disadvantage; short of, under.
	{{similar_to: insufficiently, @R640, M7.2.2.1}} almost, nearly, well-nigh, short of, not quite, all but, just short of; near upon, close upon; peu s'en faut[Fr], near the mark; within an ace of, within an inch of; on the brink of; scarcely, hardly, barely, only just, no more than; "close, but no cigar".

Changes in Quantity

	#35. Increase. -- N. increase, augmentation, enlargement, extension; dilatation &c. (expansion) 194; increment, accretion; accession &c. 37; development, growth; aggrandizement, aggravation; rise; ascent &c. 305; exaggeration exacerbation; spread &c. (dispersion) 73; flood tide; gain, produce, product, profit.
	[increase a rate] accelerate.
	V. increase, augment, add to, enlarge;. dilate &c. (expand) 194; grow, wax, get ahead. gain strength; advance; run up, shoot up; rise; ascend &c. 305; sprout &c. 194.
	aggrandize; raise, exalt; deepen, heighten; strengthen; intensify, enhance, magnify, redouble; aggravate, exaggerate; exasperate, exacerbate; add fuel to the flame, oleum addere camino[Lat], superadd &c. (add) 37[obs3]; spread &c. (disperse) 73.
	Adj. increased &c. v.; on the increase, undiminished; additional &c. (added) 37.
	Adv. increasingly, crescendo.
	Phr. vires acquirit eundo [Lat][Vergil].

	#36. Nonincrease,  Decrease. -- N. decrease, diminution; lessening &c. v.; subtraction &c. 38; reduction, abatement, declension; shrinking &c. (contraction.) 195; coarctation[obs1]; abridgment &c. (shortening) 201; extenuation.
	subsidence, wane, ebb, decline; ebbing, receding, recession; descent &c. 306; decrement, reflux, depreciation; deterioration &c. 659; anticlimax; mitigation &c. (moderation) 174.
	V. decrease, diminish, lessen, fall; drop off, fall off, tail off, taper off, peter out, dwindle, dwindle away; fall away, waste, wear; wane, ebb, recede, decline; descend &c. 306; subside; melt away, die away; retire into the shade, hide its diminished head, fall to a low ebb, run low, languish, decay, crumble; shrink &c. (contract) 195.
	[transitive] decrease, bate, abate, dequantitate[obs1]; discount; depreciate; extenuate, lower, weaken, attenuate, cut back, cut down; mitigate &c. (moderate) 174; dwarf, throw into the shade; reduce &c. 195; shorten &c. 201; subtract &c. 38; abridge &c. (shorten) 201.
	fritter away.
	Adj. unincreased &c. (see increase &c.35)[obs3]; decreased &c. v.; decreasing &c. v.; on the wane &c. n.
	Phr. " a gilded halo hovering round decay " [Byron]; " fine by degrees and beautifully less " [Prior].

A3.3. CONJUNCTIVE QUANTITY   ...
<--   	41.	Mixture	             	42. Simpleness  -->

	#37. Addition. -- N. addition, annexation, adjection[obs3];  superposition, superaddition, superjunction[obs3], superfetation; accession, reinforcement; increase &c. 35; increment, supplement; accompaniment &c. 88; interposition &c. 228; insertion &c. 300.
	{{similar_to: attachment, junction &c. 43}}.
	V. add, annex, affix, superadd[obs3], subjoin, superpose; clap on, saddle on; tack to, append, tag, tag on; graft, graft on, graft onto, ingraft[obs3]; saddle with; sprinkle; introduce &c. (interpose) 228; insert &c. 300.
	become added, accrue; advene[obs3], supervene.
	reinforce, reenforce, restrengthen[obs3]; swell the ranks of; augment &c. 35.
	Adj. added &c. v.; additional; supplemental, supplementary; suppletory[obs3], subjunctive; adjectitious[obs3], adscititious[obs3], ascititious[obs3]; additive, extra, accessory.
	Adv. au reste[Fr], in addition, more, plus, extra; and, also, likewise, too, furthermore, further, item; and also, and eke; else, besides, to boot, et cetera; &c.; and so on, and so forth; into the bargain, cum multis aliis[Lat], over and above, moreover.
	with, withal; including, inclusive, as well as, not to mention, let alone; together with, along with, coupled with, in conjunction with; conjointly; jointly &c. 43. 
Phr. adde parvum parvo magnus acervus erit[Lat].

	#38. Nonaddition. Subtraction. -- N. subtraction, subduction[obs2]; deduction, retrenchment; removal, withdrawal
	ablation, sublation[obs3]; abstraction &c. (taking) 789; garbling,, &c. v. mutilation, detruncation[obs3].
	amputation; abscission, excision, recision; curtailment &c. 201; minuend, subtrahend; decrease &c. 36; abrasion.
	V. subduct, subtract; deduct, deduce; bate, retrench; remove, withdraw, take from, take away; detract.
	garble, mutilate, amputate, detruncate[obs3]; cut off, cut away, cut out; excise; pare; thin, prune, decimate; abrade, scrape, ablate, file; geld, castrate; eliminate.
	fsll off, abscise, abscind[obs3].
	diminish &c. 36; curtail &c. (shorten) 201; deprive of &c. (take) 789; weaken.
	Adj. subtracted &c. v.; subtractive.
	Adv. in deduction &c. n.; less; short of; minus, without, except, except for, excepting, with the exception of, barring, save, exclusive of, save and except, with a reservation; not counting, if one doesn't count.

	#39. [Thing added] Adjunct. -- N. adjunct; addition, additament[obs3]; additum[Lat], affix, appelidage[obs3], annexe[obs3], annex; augment, augmentation; increment, reinforcement, supernumerary, accessory, item; garnish, sauce; adjective, addendum; continuation.
	complement, supplement.
	mate, match.
	[ref: appurtenance, accompaniment &c. 88].
	{{similar_to:  reciprocity, R12}}.
	rider, offshoot, episode, side issue, corollary; piece[Fr]; flap, lappet, skirt, embroidery, trappings, cortege; tail, suffix &c. (sequel) 65; wing.
	V.  complement, supplement, be complementary; match, mate.
	Adj. complementary, supplementary; additional &c. 37. alate[obs3], alated[obs3]; winged.
	Adv. additionally, in addition &c. 37.

	#40. [Thing remaining.] Remainder. -- N. 
	remainder, residue; remains, remanent, remnant, rest, relic; leavings, heeltap[obs3], odds and ends, cheesepairings[obs3], candle ends, orts[obs3]; residuum; dregs &c. (dirt) 653; refuse &c. (useless) 645; stubble, result, educt[obs3]; fag-end; ruins, wreck, skeleton., stump; alluvium.
	surplus, overplus[obs3], excess; balance, complement; superplus[obs3], surplusage[obs3]; superfluity &c.(redundancy) 641; survival, survivance[obs3].
	V.  remain,; be left &c. adj.; exceed, survive; leave.
	Adj. remaining, left; left behind  left over; residual, residuary; over, odd; unconsumed, sedimentary; surviving; net; exceeding, over and above; outlying, outstanding; cast off &c. 782; superfluous &c. (redundant) 641.

	#40a. [Thing deducted.] Decrement. -- N. decrement, discount, defect, loss, deduction; afterglow; eduction[obs3]; waste.

	#41. [Forming a whole without coherence.] Mixture. -- N. mixture, admixture,  commixture, commixtion[obs3]; commixion[obs3], intermixture, alloyage[obs3], matrimony.
	{{similar_to: junction &c. 43; blend, combination &c. 48}}.
	miscegenation.
	{{property_of: solution; suspension; aerosol, sol}}.
	impregnation; infusion, diffusion suffusion, transfusion; infiltration; seasoning, sprinkling, interlarding; interpolation &c. 228 adulteration, sophistication.
	[Thing mixed] tinge, tincture, touch, dash, smack, sprinkling, spice, seasoning, infusion, soupcon.
	<--  specific alloys, amalgams to Processed natural materials, P2.3.1.2.3   -->
	[Compound resulting from mixture]{{ISA: P2.3.1.2.3}} alloy, amalgam.
	[person whose parents are of different races] mixed-blood, mulatto.
	V. mix, admix.
	join &c. 43; blend, combine &c. 48; commix, immix[obs3], intermix; mix up with, mingle; commingle, intermingle, bemingle[obs3]; shuffle &c. (derange) 61; pound together; hash up, stir up; knead, brew; impregnate with; interlard &c. (interpolate) 228; intertwine, interweave &c. 219; associate with; miscegenate[obs3].
be mixed &c.; get among, be entangled with.
	instill,  imbue; infuse, suffuse, transfuse; infiltrate, dash, tinge, tincture, season, sprinkle, besprinkle, attemper[obs3], medicate, blend, cross; alloy, amalgamate, compound, adulterate, sophisticate, infect.

	Adj. mixed &c. v.; implex[obs3], composite, half-and-half, linsey-woolsey, chow-chow, hybrid, mongrel, heterogeneous; motley &c. (variegated) 440; miscellaneous, promiscuous, indiscriminate; miscible.
	Adv. among, amongst, amid, amidst; with; in the midst of, in the crowd.

	#42. [Freedom from mixture.] Simpleness. -- N. simpleness &c. adj.; purity, homogeneity.
	elimination; sifting &c. v.; purification &c. (cleanness) 652.
	[rendering pure] isolation; simplification.
	V.  [transitive] render simple &c. adj.; simplify.
	sift, winnow, bolt, eliminate; sort; exclude, get rid of, cull; clear; purify &c. (clean) 652; disentangle &c. (disjoin)  44.
	homogenize.
	Adj. simple, uniform, of a piece[Fr], homogeneous, single, pure, sheer, neat.
	unmixed, unmingled[obs3], unblended, uncombined, uncompounded; elementary, undecomposed; unadulterated, unsophisticated, unalloyed, untinged[obs3], unfortified, pur et simple[Fr]; incomplex[obs3].
	free from, exempt from; exclusive.
	Adv. simple &c. adj. only.

	#43. Junction. -- N. junction; joining &c. v.; joinder[Law], union connection, conjunction, conjugation; annexion[obs3], annexation, annexment[obs3]; astriction[obs3], attachment, compagination[obs3], vincture[obs3], ligation, alligation[obs3]; accouplement[obs3]; marriage &c. (wedlock,) 903; infibulation[obs3], inosculation[obs3], symphysis[Anat], anastomosis, confluence, communication, concatenation; meeting, reunion; assemblage &c. 72.
	{{similar_to: connection, link &c. R45}}.
	joint, joining, juncture, pivot, hinge, articulation, commissure[obs3], seam, gore, gusset, suture, stitch; miter, mortise.
	closeness, tightness, &c. adj.; coherence &c. 46; combination &c. 48.
	annexationist.
	[of animals or people] coition, copulation; sex, sexual congress, sexual conjunction, sexual intercourse, love-making.
	[ref: accompaniment, R88].
	V. join, unite; conjoin, connect; associate; put together, lay together, clap together, hang together, lump together, hold together, piece together[Fr], tack together, fix together, bind up together together; embody, reembody[obs3]; roll into one.
	attach, fix, affix, saddle on, fasten, bind, secure, clinch, twist, make fast &c. adj.; tie, pinion, string, strap, sew, lace, tat, stitch, tack, knit, button, buckle, hitch, lash, truss, bandage, braid, splice, swathe, gird, tether, moor, picket, harness, chain; fetter &c. (restrain) 751; lock, latch, belay, brace, hook, grapple, leash, couple, accouple[obs3], link, yoke, bracket; marry &c. (wed) 903; bridge over, span.
	braze; pin, nail, bolt, hasp, clasp, clamp, crimp, screw, rivet; impact, solder, set; weld, weld together, fuse together; wedge, rabbet, mortise, miter, jam, dovetail, enchase[obs3]; graft, ingraft[obs3], inosculate[obs3]; entwine, intwine[obs3]; interlink, interlace, intertwine, intertwist[obs3], interweave; entangle; twine round, belay; tighten; trice up, screw up.
	be joined &c.; hang together, hold together; cohere &c. 46.
	{{similar_to: cement, glue &c. R45}}.
	Adj. joined &c. v.; joint; conjoint, conjunct; corporate, compact; hand in hand.
	firm, fast, close, tight, taut, taught, secure, set, intervolved [obs1]; inseparable, indissoluble, insecable[obs3], severable.
	Adv. jointly &c. adj.; in conjunction with &c. (in addition to) 37; fast, firmly, &c. adj.; intimately.
Phr. tria juncta in uno[Lat].

<-- the words in the following may express both the action of separating and the result, a separation (a state).  Thus the same word may occur twice, in these twp senses.  The main noun section should be interpreted as the result, not the action.  Nouns expressing the action are marked as the cause. The verb also expresses the action.  Note that spatial separation is a separate category (interval, R198) under space.
  [[separation]] -->
	#44. Disjunction. -- N. disjunction, separation, disconnection, disunity, disunion, disassociation, disengagement; discontinuity &c. 70; abjunction[obs3]; cataclasm[obs3]; inconnection[obs3]; abstraction, abstractedness; isolation; insularity, insulation; oasis; island; separateness  &c. adj.; severalty; disjecta membra[Lat]; dispersion &c. 73; apportionment &c. 786.
	{{has_subtype: interval, spatial interval, R198}}.
	{{has_subtype: physical separation, fissure, breach, rent, split, rift, caesura, break, crack, fault, slit, incision, @R198}}.
	{{caused_by}} separating, separation.
	{{has_subtype(separating): parting, M7.3.1.1.2}}.
	{{has_subtype(separating)}} detachment, detaching, segregation; divorce; elision; fracture, division, rupture; compartition [obs1]; dismemberment,  dislocation; separation, separating, severance, disseverance; scission; rescission, abscission; laceration, circumcision, dilaceration[obs3]; disruption, abruption[obs3]; section, resection, cleavage; fission.
	{{caused_by: parting &c. v.}}.
	{{caused_by}} dissection, anatomy; decomposition &c. 49.
	[ref: cutting instrument &c. (sharpness) R253a; buzzsaw, circular saw, rip saw].
	separatist.
	subdivision, classification.
	[ref: R495. Error].
	{{has_subtype(separation): spatial separation, distance, R200}}.
	V. be disjoined &c..
	disjoin, disconnect, disengage, disunite, dissociate, dispair[obs3]; divorce, part, dispart[obs3], detach, separate, cut off, rescind.
	segregate; set apart, keep apart; insulate, isolate.
	unravel; disentangle.
	Adj. disjoined   &c. v.; discontinuous &c. 70; multipartite[obs3], abstract; disjunctive; secant; isolated &c. v.; insular, separate, disparate, discrete, apart, asunder, far between, loose, free; unattached, unannexed, unassociated, unconnected; distinct; adrift; straggling; rift, reft[obs3].
	[capable of being cut] scissile[Chem], divisible, discerptible[obs3], partible, separable.
	Adv. separately &c. adj.; one by one, severally, apart; adrift, asunder, in twain; in the abstract, abstractedly.

	#45. [Connecting medium.] Connection. -- N. vinculum, link; bond, connective, connection; junction &c. 43; bond of union, copula, hyphen, intermedium[obs3]; bracket; bridge, stepping-stone, isthmus.
	{{has_subtype(connection): tendon, fiber, cord, @P2.3.1.3.11.1.1 fastener }}.
	{{has_subtype(connection): fastener &c. @P2.3.1.3.11.1.1 fastener }}.
	{{has_subtype(connection) pin, nail, hook, clamp, @P2.3.1.3.11.1.1 fastener}}.
	{{has_subtype(connection): cement, glue @P2.3.1.3.11.1.1 fastener}}.
	shackle, rein &c. (means of restraint) 752; prop &c. (support) 215.
	V. bridge over, span; connect &c. 43;  hang &c. 214.

	#46. Coherence. -- N. coherence, adherence, adhesion, adhesiveness; concretion accretion; conglutination, agglutination, agglomeration; aggregation; consolidation, set, cementation; sticking, soldering &c. v.; connection; dependence.
	tenacity, toughness, stick-to-itiveness; stickiness &c. 352; inseparability, inseparableness.
	{{property_of(coherence)}} bur, remora.
	conglomerate, concrete &c. (density) 321.
	V. cohere, adhere, stick, cling, cleave, hold, take hold of, hold fast, close with, clasp, hug; grow together, hang together; twine round &c. (join) 43.
	stick like a leech, stick like wax; stick close;
cling like ivy, cling like a bur; cling like sin; adhere like a remora, adhere like Dejanira's shirt.
	glue; agglutinate, conglutinate[obs3]; cement, lute, paste, gum; solder, weld; cake, consolidate &c. (solidify) 321; agglomerate.
	Adj. cohesive, adhesive, adhering, cohering &c. v.; tenacious, tough; sticky &c. 352.
	united, unseparated, unsessile[obs3], inseparable, inextricable, infrangible[obs3]; compact &c. (dense) 321.

	#47. [Want of adhesion, nonadhesion, immiscibility.] Incoherence. -- N. nonadhesion[obs3]; immiscibility; incoherence; looseness &c. adj.; laxity; relaxation; loosening &c. v.; freedom; disjunction &c. 44; rope of sand.
	V. make loose &c. adj.; loosen, slacken, relax; come unstuck; fall apart, crumble; unglue &c. 46; detach &c. (disjoin) 44.
	Adj. nonadhesive, immiscible; incoherent, detached, loose, baggy, slack, lax, relaxed, flapping, streaming; crumbling, falling apart; disheveled; segregated, like grains of sand unconsolidated &c. 231, uncombined &c. 48; noncohesive[obs3].

<-- we leave alloy, compound here as abstract properties.  Elsewhere as physical entities -->  [[combination]]
	#48. Combination. -- N. combination; mixture &c. 41; junction, conjunction &c. 43; union, unification, synthesis, incorporation, amalgamation, embodiment, coalescence, crasis[obs3], fusion, blending, absorption, centralization.
	alloy, compound, amalgam, composition, tertium quid[Lat]; resultant, impregnation.
	[ref: aaccompaniment, R88].
	V. combine, unite, incorporate, amalgamate, embody, absorb, reembody[obs3], blend, blend together, blend in, merge, fuse, dissolve, melt into one, consolidate, conjoin, coalesce, centralize, impregnate; put together, lump together; cement a union, marry.
	Adj. combined &c. v.; impregnated with, ingrained; imbued inoculated.
	miscible, soluble.
	[of liquids] azeotropic [chem.].
	[of solids] eutectic [chem.].

<-- && add references to chemistry here -->
	#49. Decomposition. -- N. decomposition, analysis, dissection, resolution, catalysis, dissolution; corruption &c. (uncleanness) 653; dispersion &c. 73; disjunction &c. 44; disintegration.
	[chemical reaction] hydrolysis.
	V. decompose, decompound; rot; crumble into dust.
	[transitive] analyze, disembody, dissolve; resolve into its elements, separate into its elements; electrolyze[Chem]; hydrolyze [chem]; dissect, decentralize, break up; disperse &c. 73; unravel &c. (unroll) 313.
	Adj. decomposed &c. v.; catalytic, analytical; resolvent, separative, solvent.

A3.4. CONCRETE  QUANTITY  .....   [[part]]

	#50. Whole. [Principal part.] -- N. whole, totality, integrity; wholeness &c. adj.; entirety, ensemble, collectiveness[obs3]; unity &c. 87; completeness &c. 52;  indivisibility, indiscerptibility[obs3]; integration, embodiment; integer.
	all, the whole, total, aggregate, one and all, gross amount, sum, sum total, tout ensemble, length and breadth of,
Alpha and Omega, " be all and end all "; complex, complexus [obs3]; lock stock and barrel.
	bulk, mass, lump, tissue, staple, body, compages[obs3]; trunk, torso, bole, hull, hulk, skeleton greater part,  major part, best part, principal part, main part; essential part &c. (importance). 642; lion's share, Benjamin's mess; the long and the short; nearly, all, almost all.
	V. form a whole, constitute a whole; integrate, embody, amass; aggregate &c. (assemble) 72; amount to, come to.
	Adj. whole, total, integral, entire; complete &c. 52; one, individual.
	unbroken, intact, uncut, undivided, unsevered[obs3], unclipped[obs3], uncropped, unshorn; seamless; undiminished; undemolished, undissolved, undestroyed, unbruised.
	indivisible, indissoluble, indissolvable[obs3], indiscerptible[obs3].
	wholesale, sweeping; comprehensive.
	Adv. wholly, altogether; totally &c. (completely) 52; entirely, all, all in all, as a whole, wholesale, in a body, collectively, all put together; in the aggregate, in the lump, in the mass, in the gross, in the main, in the long run; en masse, as a body, on the whole, bodily[obs2], en bloc, in extenso[Lat], throughout, every inch; substantially.
	Phr. tout bien ou rien[Fr].

<-- here member is like a limb, not a member of a set.  For the latter, see inclusion, R76  -->[[part]]
	#51. Part. -- N. part, portion; dose; item, particular; aught, any; division; subdivision, section, subpart; article, passage; segment; fraction, fragment; cantle, frustum; detachment, parcel.
	piece, lump, bit, hunk; chip, chunk, shard, collop[obs3].
	cut, cutting, shaving, slice; scrap, scale.
	small part; morsel, particle &c. (smallness) 32.
	installment, dividend; share &c. (allotment) 786.
	lamina &c. 204.
	member, limb, lobe, lobule, arm, wing, scion, branch, bough, joint, link, offshoot, ramification, twig, bush, spray, sprig; runner; leaf, leaflet; stump.
	component part &c. 56; sarmentum[obs3].
	debris, odds and ends, oddments, detritus, talus; excerpta[Lat].
	[of a text] chapter, clause, count, paragraph, verse.
	[of a container] compartment.
	[of a circle] sector.
	[of a computer program] routine, subroutine; call; instruction.
	[of territory] division, region, section, sector, quarter, ward, area.
	department &c. (class) 75; county &c. (region) 181.
	V. part, divide, break &c. (disjoin) 44; partition &c. (apportion) 786.
	Adj. fractional, fragmentary; sectional, aliquot; divided &c. v.; in compartments, multifid[obs3]; disconnected; partial.
	Adv. partly, in part, partially; piecemeal, part by part; by by installments,by snatches, by inches, by driblets; bit by bit, inch by inch, foot by foot, drop by drop; in detail, in lots.
	semi-.

	#52. Completeness. -- N. completeness &c. adj.; integration; allness[obs3].
	{{similar_to: wholeness, R50}}.
	[cause to be complete: completion &c. 729].
	entirety; perfection   &c. 650; solidity, solidarity; unity; all; ne plus ultra[Lat], ideal, limit.
	complement, supplement, make-weight; filling, up &c. v.
	saturation, saturity[obs1]; impletion[obs3]; high water; high tide, flood tide, spring tide; fill, load, bumper, bellyful[obs3]; brimmer[obs3].
	sufficiency &c. 639.
	[ref: accompaniment, context, @R88].
	V. be complete &c. adj.; come to a head.
	render complete &c. adj.; complete &c. (accomplish) 729; fill, charge, load, replenish; make up, make good; piece out[Fr], eke out; supply deficiencies; fill up, fill in, fill to the brim, fill the measure of; saturate.
	go the whole hog, go the whole length; go all lengths.
	Adj. complete, entire; whole &c. 50; perfect &c. 650; full, good, absolute, thorough, plenary; solid, undivided; with all its parts; all-sided.
	exhaustive, radical, sweeping, thorough-going; dead.
	regular, consummate, unmitigated, sheer, unqualified, unconditional, free; abundant &c. (sufficient) 639.
	brimming, brimmimg over, runnung over; brimful, topful, topfull; filled, chock full, choke full; as full as an egg is of meat, as full as a vetch; saturated, crammed; replete &c. (redundant) 641; fraught, laden; full-laden, full-fraught, full-charged; heavy laden; soaked, waterlogged.
	completing &c. v.; supplemental, supplementary; ascititious[obs3].
	Adv. completely &c. adj.; altogether, outright, wholly, totally, in toto, quite; all out; over head and ears; effectually, for good and all, nicely, fully, through thick and thin, head and shoulders; neck and heel, neck and crop; in all respects, in every respect; at all points, out and out, to all intents and purposes; toto coelo[Lat]; utterly; clean, clean as a whistle; to the full, to the utmost, to the backbone; hollow, stark; heart and soul, root and branch, down to the ground.
	to the top of one's bent, as far as possible, a outrance[obs3].
	throughout; from first to last, from beginning to end, from end to end, from one end to the other, from Dan to Beersheba, from head to foot, from top to toe, from top to bottom, de fond en comble[Fr]; a fond, a capite ad calcem [Lat], ab ovo usque ad mala[Lat], fore and aft; every, whit, every inch; cap-a-pie, to the end of the chapter; up to the brim, up to the ears, up to the eyes; as . . . as can be.
	on all accounts; sous tous les rapports[Fr]; with a vengeance, with a witness.
	Phr. falsus in uno falsus in omnibus [Latin: false in one thing, false in everything]; omnem movere lapidem[Lat]; una scopa nuova spazza bene [Italian].

	#53. Incompleteness. -- N. incompleteness &c. adj.; deficiency, absence, want, lack, short measure; shortcoming &c. 304; insufficiency &c. 640; imperfection &c. 651; immaturity &c. (nonpreparation) 674; half measures.
	[part wanting] defect, deficit, defalcation, omission; caret; shortage; interval &c. 198; break &c. (discontinuity) 70; noncompletion &c. 730;   missing link.
	missing piece, missing part, gap, hole, lacuna.
	V. be incomplete &c. adj.; fall short of &c. 304; lack &c. (be insufficient) 640; neglect &c. 460.
	Adj. incomplete; defective, deficient, wanting, lacking, failing; imperfect &c. 651; unfinished; uncompleted &c. (see complete &c. 729); in default, in arrear, in arrears; short, short of; hollow, meager, lame, half-and-half, perfunctory, sketchy; crude &c. (unprepared) 674.
	mutilated, garbled, docked, lopped, truncated.
	in progress, in hand; going on, proceeding.
	Adv. incompletely &c. adj.; by halves.
	Phr. caetera desunt[Lat]; caret.

	#54. Composition. -- N. composition, constitution, makeup, crasis[obs3]; component material; combination &c. 48; inclusion, admission, comprehension, reception.
	embodiment; formation.
	{{has_part: component, R56}}.
	V. be composed of, be made of, be formed of, be made up of; consist of, comprise, be resolved into.
	include &c. (in a class) 76; contain, hold, comprehend, take in, admit, embrace, embody.
	[transitive] involve, implicate; drag into.
	compose, constitute, form, make; make up, fill up, build up; enter into the composition of &c. (be a component) 56.
	Adj. containing, constituting &c. v.

	#55. Exclusion. -- N. exclusion, non-admission, omission, exception, rejection, repudiation; exile &c. (seclusion) 893; noninclusion[obs3], preclusion, prohibition.
   <-- separation is a mutual exclusion ... what relation? -->
	separation, segregation, isolation, quarantine, seposition[obs3].
	elimination, expulsion; defecation.
	[exclusion of water]{{function_of}} cofferdam; diving bell.
	[exclusion from a rule or law]{{has_subtype: exemption, R777a}}.
	V. be excluded from &c.
	exclude, bar; leave out, shut out, bar out; reject, repudiate, blackball; lay apart, put apart, set apart, lay aside, put aside.
	throw overboard; strike off, strike out; neglect &c. 460; banish &c. (seclude) 893.
	separate &c. (disjoin) 44.
	except.
	pass over, omit; garble; eliminate, weed, winnow.
	relegate, segregate; quarantine.
	Adj. excluding &c. v.; exclusive.
	excluded &c. v.; unrecounted[obs3], not included in; inadmissible.
	Prep. exclusive of, barring; except; except for, excepting, with the exception of; save; other than; bating.
	Phr. bar the door to.

	#56. Component. -- N. component; component part, integral part, integrant part[obs3]; element, constituent; ingredient, leaven; part and parcel; contents; appurtenance; feature.
	member &c. (part) 51.
	personnel.
	{{part_of: composition, R54}}.
	V. enter into, enter into the composition of; be a component &c. n; be part of, form part of &c. 51 ; merge in, be merged in; be implicated in; share in &c. (participate) 778; belong to, appertain to; combine, inhere in, unite.
	form, make, constitute, compose.
	Adj. forming &c. v. inclusive.

	#57. Extraneousness. -- N. extraneousness &c. adj.; extrinsicality[obs3] &c. 6; exteriority[obs3] &c. 220; alienage[obs3], alienism.
	{{property_of(extraneousness)}} foreign body, foreign substance, foreign element.
	{{property_of(extraneousness): alien, stranger, R57a, P2.2.3.2.1.2}}.
	{{similar_to: irrelation, R10}}.
	Adj. extraneous, extrinsic, foreign; alien, ulterior; tramontane, ultramontane.
	{{similar_to: unrelated, R10}}.
	excluded &c. 55; inadmissible; exceptional.
	Adv. extraneously, extrinsically; in foreign parts, in foreign lands; abroad, beyond seas; over sea on one's travels.

A4.  Order  R58 to R83
<--  			(Time = R106 to R139 has been moved to physical 
                              universe)  -->
A4.1. ORDER IN GENERAL.......(R58 to R61)  [[order]]
	#58. Order. -- N. order, regularity, uniformity, system, systematicity, symmetry, lucidus ordo[Lat]; music of the spheres.
	gradation, progression; series &c. (continuity) 69.
subordination; course, even tenor, routine; method.
	economy, discipline orderliness &c. adj.
	{{property_of(order, @A4.1): rank, place &c. (term) 71}}.
	{{property_of(order, @A4.1): pattern, A4.6 }}.
	{{property_of(order, @A4.1): arrangement, R60}}.
	V. be in order, become in order &c. adj.; form, fall in, draw up; arrange itself, range itself, place itself; fall into one's place, take one's place, take one's rank; rally round.
	adjust, methodize, regulate, systematize.
	[transitive] {{similar_to: arrange, R60}} order, set in order.
	Adj. orderly, regular; in order,in trim, in apple-pie order, in its proper place; neat, tidy, en regle[Fr], well regulated, correct, methodical, uniform, symmetrical, shipshape, businesslike, systematic; unconfused &c. (see confuse &c. 61).
	arranged &c. 60.
	Adv. in order; methodically &c. adj.; in turn, in its turn; step by step; by regular steps, by regular gradations, by regular stages, by regular intervals; seriatim, systematically, by clockwork, gradatim[Lat]; at stated periods &c. (periodically) 138.
	Phr. natura non facit saltum[Lat]; "order is heaven's first law" [Pope]; "order from disorder sprung" [Paradise Lost]; ordo est parium dispariumque rerum sua loca tribuens dispositio [Lat][St. Augustine].

<-- here we break up 59 into disorder (randomness), and 59a complexity.  These are two different concepts.  Note that simplicity, (entry 849) refers to affections or appearance, not internal complexity.
	We also need a corresponding entry for conceptual or organizational simplicity.  -->

	#59. [Absence, or want of Order, &c.] Disorder. -- N. {{has_subtype(state, R7, @A1.1.4)}}.
	disorder;   derangement &c. 61; irregularity; anomaly &c. (unconformity) 83; anarchy, anarchism; want of method; untidiness &c. adj.; disunion; discord &c. 24.
	confusion; confusedness &c. adj.; mish-mash, mix; disarray, jumble, huddle, litter, lumber; cahotage[obs3]; farrago; mess, mash, imbroglio, muddle, muss [U. S.], hash, hodgepodge; hotch-potch[obs3], hotch-pot[obs3]; omnium gatherum[Lat], medley; mere mixture &c. 41; fortuitous concourse of atoms, disjecta membra[Lat], rudis indigestaque moles [Lat][Ovid].
	{{has_high_intensity}} chaos.
	{{has_property: complexity &c. 59a}}.
	{{property_of: turmoil, tumult, riot, @discord, R713}}.
	[legal terms] disorderly person; disorderly persons offence; misdemeanor.
	[ref: moral disorder] {{trait_of: rake, slattern, slut (libertine) 962}}.
	V. be disorderly &c. adj.; ferment, play at cross-purposes.
	put out of order; derange &c. 61; ravel &c. 219; ruffle, rumple.
	Adj. disorderly, orderless; out of order, out of place, out of gear; irregular, desultory; anomalous &c. (unconformable) 83; acephalous[obs3], deranged; aimless; disorganized; straggling; unmethodical, immethodical[obs3]; unsymmetric[obs3], unsystematic; untidy, slovenly; dislocated; out of sorts; promiscuous, indiscriminate; chaotic, anarchical; unarranged &c. (see arrange &c. 60)[obs3]; confused; deranged &c. 61; topsy-turvy &c. (inverted) 218; shapeless &c. 241; disjointed, out of joint.
	troublous[obs3]; riotous &c. (violent) 173.
	complex &c. 59a.
	Adv. irregularly &c. adj.; by fits, by fits and snatches, by fits and starts; pellmell; higgledy-piggledy; helter-skelter, harum-scarum; in a ferment; at sixes and sevens, at cross-purposes; upside down &c. 218.
	Phr. the cart before the horse; <gr/hysteron proteron/gr>[Grk][Grk]; chaos is come again; "the wreck of matter and the crush of worlds " [Addison].

	#59a. Complexity -- N. complexity; complexness &c. adj.; complexus[obs3]; complication, implication; intricacy, intrication[obs3]; perplexity; network, labyrinth; wilderness, jungle; involution, raveling, entanglement; coil &c. (convolution) 248; sleave[obs3], tangled skein, knot, Gordian knot, wheels within wheels; kink, gnarl, knarl[obs3]; webwork[obs3].
	[complexity if a task or action] difficulty &c. 704.
	[of traffic] {{property_of(complexity)}} jam, gridlock.
	V. complexify[obs3], complicate.
	Adj.  complex, complexed; intricate, complicated, perplexed, involved, raveled, entangled, knotted, kinked, kinky, tangled, inextricable; irreducible.
	gnarled, knarled[obs3].
	[of traffic] snarled, gridlocked, jammed.

	#60. [Reduction to Order.] Arrangement. -- N. {{property_of(order, R58)}} arrangement; plan &c. 626; preparation &c. 673; disposal, disposition; collocation, allocation; distribution; sorting &c. v.; assortment, allotment, apportionment, taxis, taxonomy, syntaxis[obs3], graduation, organization; grouping; tabulation.
	analysis, division, classification, clustering.
	digestion.
	[Result of arrangement] {{has_subtype(arrangement)}} digest; synopsis &c. (compendium) 596; syntagma[Gram.], table, atlas; file, database; register. &c. (record) 551; organism, organization, architecture.
	[Instrument for sorting] {{uses(arrangement): sieve, riddle, screen, sorter, P2.3.1.3.12.7,  sorting instruments}}.
	V. reduce to order, bring into order; introduce order into; rally. arrange, dispose, place, form; put in order, set in order, place in order; set out, collocate, pack, marshal, range, size, rank, group, parcel out, allot, distribute, deal; cast the parts, assign the parts; dispose of, assign places to; assort, sort; sift, riddle; put to rights, set to rights, put into shape, put in trim, put in array; apportion.
	class, classify; divide; file, string together, thread; register &c. (record) 551; catalogue, tabulate, index, graduate, digest, grade.
	methodize, regulate, systematize, coordinate, organize, settle, fix. unravel, disentangle, ravel, card; disembroil[obs3]; feaze[obs3].
	Adj. arranged &c. v.; embattled, in battle array; cut and dried; methodical, orderly, regular, systematic.
	Phr.  "In vast cumbrous array"  [Churchill].

	#61. [Subversion of Order; bringing into disorder.] Derangement. -- N. derangement &c. v.; disorder &c. 59; evection[obs3], discomposure, disturbance; disorganization,  deorganization[obs3]; dislocation.
	disruption, perturbation, interruption.
	randomization, shuffling &c. v.; inversion &c. 218; corrugation &c. (fold) 258; involvement.
	interchange &c. 148.
	V. derange; disarrange, misarrange[obs3]; displace, misplace; mislay, discompose, disorder; deorganize[obs3], discombobulate, disorganize; embroil, unsettle, disturb, confuse, trouble, jumble, tumble.
	interrupt, disrupt, perturb.
	shuffle, randomize; huddle,  muddle, toss, hustle, fumble, riot; bring into disorder, put into disorder, throw  into disorder &c. 59; muss [U.S.]; break the ranks, disconcert, convulse; break in upon.
	unhinge, dislocate, put out of joint, throw out of gear.
	turn topsy-turvy &c. (invert) 218; bedevil; complicate, involve, perplex, confound; imbrangle[obs3], embrangle[obs3], tangle, entangle, ravel, tousle, towzle[obs3], dishevel, ruffle; rumple &c. (fold) 258.
	litter, scatter; mix &c. 41.
	rearrange &c. 148.
	Adj.  deranged &c. v.; syncretic, syncretistic[obs3]; mussy, messy; flaky; random, unordered; messed up, mussed up.

A4.2. CONSECUTIVE ORDER . ..R62 to R71
<--  		62.	Precedence			63.	Sequence
			58.	Order				59.	Disorder
			60.	Arrangement			61.	Derangement
			64.	Precursor				65.	Sequel
		    	66.  Beginning				67.	End
						68.	Middle
			69.	Continuity			70.	Discontinuity
			71.	Term
-->

	#62. Precedence. -- N. {{antonym(succession, R63)}}.
	precedence; coming before &c. v.; the lead, le pas; superiority &c. 33; importance &c. 642; antecedence, antecedency[obs3]; anteriority &c. (front) 234[obs3]; precursor &c. 64; priority &c. 116; precession &c. 280; anteposition[obs3]; epacme[obs3]; preference.
	V. precede; come before, come first; head, lead, take the lead; lead the way, lead the dance; be in the vanguard; introduce, usher in; have the pas; set the fashion &c. (influence) 175; open the ball; take precedence, have precedence; have the start &c. (get before) 280.
place before; prefix; premise, prelude, preface.
	Adj. preceding &c. v.; precedent, antecedent; anterior; prior &c. 116; before; former; foregoing; beforementioned[obs3], abovementioned[obs3], aforementioned; aforesaid, said; precursory, precursive[obs3]; prevenient[obs3], preliminary, prefatory, introductory; prelusive, prelusory; proemial[obs3], preparatory.
	Adv. before; in advance &c. (precession) 280.
	Phr. seniores priores[Lat]; prior tempore prior jure[Lat].

	#63. Succession. -- N. {{antonym(precedence, R62)}}.
	succession, sequence, coming after; going after &c. (following) 281; consecution; posteriority &c. 117.
	continuation, extension; postposition.
	order of succession; successiveness; paracme[obs3].
	{{performed_by: line, lineage, posterity, descendent; heir, successor @R167, @P2.6.4.1  Properties of living things}}.
	secondariness[obs3]; subordinancy &c. (inferiority) 34[obs3].
	afterbirth, afterburden[obs3]; placenta, secundines[Med].
	suffix, postfix.
	V. succeed; come after, come on, come  next; follow, ensue, step into the shoes of; alternate.
	{{similar_to(add/attach)}} place after, suffix, append.
	Adj. succeeding &c. v.; sequent[obs3]; sequacious[obs3], proximate.
	next; subsequent, consequent.
	consecutive &c. (continuity) 69; alternate, amoebean[obs3].
	later, latter; posterior &c. 117.
	Adv. after, subsequently; behind &c. (rear) 235.

	#64. Precursor. -- N. precursor, antecedent, precedent, predecessor.
	bellwether; herald, harbinger; foreboding; dawn.
	{{has_subtype: forebear, ancestor}}.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.2.3.2.5.15, preparer, forerunner, vancourier[obs3], avant-coureur[Fr], leader, pioneer, scout, prodrome[obs1], prodromos[obs3], prodromus[obs3], outrider}}.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.2.3.2.5.15, avant-courier, avant-garde, bellmare[obs3], forelooper[obs3], foreloper[obs3], stalking-horse, voorlooper[Afrikaans], voortrekker[Afrikaans]}}.
	{{has_subtype(text)}} prelude, preamble, preface, prologue, foreword, avant-propos[Fr], protasis[obs3], proemium[obs3], prolusion[obs3], proem, prolepsis[Gram], prolegomena, prefix, introduction; heading, frontispiece.
	{{&has_function: preparation, groundwork, spadework &c. R673, @M2.2.3}} .
	overture, exordium[Lat], symphony; premises.
	prefigurement &c. 511; omen &c. 512.
	{[of(chemical): raw material, starting material]}.
	Adj. precursory; prelusive, prelusory, preludious[obs3]; proemial[obs3], introductory, prefatory, prodromous[obs3], inaugural, preliminary; precedent &c. (prior) 116.
	Phr. "a precedent embalms a principle" [Disraeli].

	#65. Sequel. -- N. sequel, suffix, successor; tail, queue, train, wake, trail, rear; retinue, suite.
	{{has_subtype(text)}} appendix, postscript; epilogue; codicil; continuation, sequel; part two; return of; son of.
	peroration.
	appendage; tail piece[Fr], heelpiece[obs3]; tag, more last words; colophon.
	aftercome[obs3],  aftergrowth[obs3],  afterpart[obs3],  afterpiece[obs3],  aftercourse[obs3],  afterthought, aftergame[obs3]; arriere pensee[Fr], second thoughts, treppenwoerter[Ger.]; outgrowth.

	#66. Beginning.-- N. beginning, commencement, opening, outset, initiation, incipience, inception, inchoation[obs3]; introduction &c. (precursor) 64; alpha, initial; inauguration, debut, le premier pas, embarcation[Fr], rising of the curtain; maiden speech; outbreak, onset, brunt; initiative, move, first move; narrow end of the wedge, thin end of the wedge; fresh start, new departure.
	origin &c. (cause) 153; source, rise; bud, germ &c. 153; egg, rudiment.
	genesis, primogenesis[obs3], birth, nativity, cradle, infancy; start, inception, creation, starting point &c. 293; dawn &c. (morning) 125; evolution.
	title-page; head, heading; van &c. (front) 234; caption, fatihah[obs3].
	entrance, entry, ingress; inlet, orifice, mouth, chops, lips, porch, portal, portico, propylon[obs3], door; gate, gateway; postern, wicket, threshold, vestibule; propylaeum[obs3]; skirts, border &c. (edge) 231.
	first stage, first blush, first glance, first impression, first sight.
	rudiments, elements, outlines, grammar, first thing, alphabet, ABCE.
	V. begin, start, commence;  conceive, open, dawn, set in, take its rise, enter upon, enter; set out &c. (depart) 293; embark in; incept[obs3].
	[transitive] initiate, launch, inaugurate.
	[intransitive] inchoate, rise, arise, originate.
	usher in; lead off, lead the way; take the lead, take the initiative; head; stand at the head, stand first, stand for; lay the foundations &c. (prepare) 673; found &c. (cause) 153; set up, set  on foot, agoing[obs3], set abroach[obs3], set the ball in motion; apply the match to a train; broach; open up, open the door to.
	[intransitive] get underway, set about, get to work, set to work, set to; make a beginning, make a start.
	handsel; take the first step, lay the first stone, cut the first turf; break ground, break the ice, break cover; pass the Rubicon, cross  the Rubicon; open fire, open the ball; ventilate, air; undertake &c. 676.
	come into existence, come into the world; make one's debut, take birth; burst forth, break out; spring up, spring forth, crop up, pop up, appear, materialize.
	begin at the beginning, begin  ab ovo[Lat].
	begin again, begin  de novo; start afresh, make a fresh start, take it from the top, shuffle the cards, reshuffle the cards, resume, recommence.
	Adj. beginning &c. v.; initial, initiatory, initiative; inceptive, introductory, incipient; proemial[obs3], inaugural; inchoate, inchoative[obs3]; embryonic, rudimental; primogenial[obs3]; primeval, primitive, primordial &c. (old) 124; aboriginal; natal, nascent.
	first, foremost, leading; maiden.
	begun &c. v.; just begun &c. v.
	Adv. at the beginning, in the beginning, &c. n.; first, at first, firstly, in the first place, imprimis[Lat], first and foremost; in limine[Lat]; in the bud, in embryo, in its infancy; from the first, from the beginning, from its birth; ab initio[Lat], ab ovo[Lat], ab incunabilis[Lat], ab origine[Lat].
	Phr. let's get going! let's get this show on the road! up and at 'em! aller Anfang ist schwer [Ger]; dimidium facti qui coepit habet [Lat][Cicero]; omnium rerum principia parva sunt [Lat][Cicero].

<-- [[end
	#67. End. -- N. end, close, termination; desinence[obs3], conclusion, finis, finale; period, term, terminus, endpoint, last, omega; extreme, extremity.
	{{has_part(P2.3, Physical Object): end; tail; edge; point, tip}}
	tag, peroration; bonne bouche[Fr]; bottom dollar, tail end, rear guard.
	consummation, denouement; finish &c. (completion) 729; fate; doom, doomsday; crack of doom, day of Judgment, dies irae[Lat], fall of the curtain.
	goal, object, objective, destination.
	limit, determination; expiration, expiry[obs3], extinction, extermination; death &c. 360; end of all things; finality; eschatology.
	break up, commencement de la fin, last stage, turning point; coup de grace, deathblow; knock-out blow; sockdolager* [obs3][U.S.].
	{{has_subtype(failure, R732)}} abortion; abend.
	V. end, close, finish, terminate, conclude, be all over; expire; die &c. 360; come to a -close &c. n., draw to a -close &c. n.; have run its course; run out, pass away.
	bring to an -end &c. n.; put an end to, make an end of; determine; get through; achieve &c. (complete) 729; stop &c. (make to cease) 142; shut up shop; hang up one's fiddle.
	{{has_subtype(fail, R732)}} abort; abend.
	Adj. ending &c. v.; final, terminal, definitive; crowning &c. (completing) 729; last, ultimate; penultimate[coll.]; hindermost[obs3]; rear &c. 235; caudal; vergent[obs3].
	conterminate[obs3], conterminous, conterminable[obs3].
	ended &c. v.; at an end; settled, decided, over, played out, set at rest; conclusive. penultimate; last but one, last but two, &c. unbegun, uncommenced[obs3]; fresh.
	Adv. finally &c. adj.; in fine; at the last; once for all.
	Phr. "as high as Heaven and as deep as hell" [Beaumont & Fletcher]; deficit omne quod nascitur [Lat][Quintilian]; en toute chose il faut considerer la fin[Fr][obs3]; finem respice[Lat][obs3]; ultimus Romanorum[Lat]. 

	#68. Middle. -- N. middle, midst, mediety[obs1], mean &c. 29; medium, middle term; center &c. 222, mid-course &c. 628; mezzo termine[It]; juste milieu &c. 628[Fr]; halfway house, nave, navel, omphalos[obs3]; nucleus, nucleolus.
	equidistance[obs3], bisection, half distance; equator, diaphragm, midriff; intermediate &c. 228.
	Adj. middle, medial, mesial[Med], mean, mid, median, average; middlemost, midmost; mediate; intermediate &c. (interjacent) 228; equidistant; central &c. 222; mediterranean, equatorial; homocentric.
	Adv. in the middle; midway, halfway; midships[obs3], amidships, in medias res.

	#69. [Uninterrupted sequence.] Continuity. -- N. continuity; consecution, consecutiveness &c. adj.; succession, round, suite, progression, series, train chain; catenation, concatenation; scale; gradation, course; ceaselessness, constant flow, unbroken extent.
	procession, column; retinue, cortege, cavalcade, rank and file, line of battle, array.
	pedigree, genealogy, lineage, race; ancestry, descent, family, house; line, line of ancestors; strain.
	rank, file, line, row, range, tier, string, thread, team; suit; colonnade.
	V. follow in a series, form a series &c. n.; fall in.
	arrange in a series, collate &c. n.; string together, file, thread, graduate, organize, sort, tabulate.
	Adj. continuous, continued; consecutive; progressive, gradual; serial, successive; immediate, unbroken, entire; linear; in a line, in a row &c. n.; uninterrupted, unintermitting[obs3]; unremitting, unrelenting (perseverence) 604a; perennial, evergreen; constant.
	Adv. continuously &c. adj.; seriatim; in a line &c. n.; in succession, in turn; running, gradually, step by step, gradatim[Lat], at a stretch; in file, in column, in single file, in Indian file.

	#70. [Interrupted sequence.] Discontinuity.-- N. discontinuity; disjunction &c. 44; anacoluthon[obs3]; interruption, break, fracture, flaw, fault, crack, cut; solution of continuity, caesura; broken thread; episode; rhapsody; patchwork.
	pause, intermission.
	[of discourse] aside, digression, parenthesis; [ref: deviate, R279].
	[ref: detour, cicuit, R629, M7.2.1].
	alternation &c. (periodicity) R138.
	[of war] truce, cease fire; lull, dropping fire.
	{{similar_to: space, gap, lacuna &c. (interval) R198}}.
	V. be discontinuous &c. adj.; alternate, intermit, sputter, stop and start, hesitate.
	discontinue, pause, interrupt; intervene; break, break in upon, break off; interpose &c. 228; break the thread, snap the thread; disconnect &c. (disjoin) 44; dissever.
	Adj. discontinuous, unsuccessive[obs3], broken, interrupted, dicousu[Fr]; disconnected, unconnected; discrete, disjunctive; fitful &c. (irregular) 139; spasmodic, syncopated, desultory; intermitting, occasional &c. v., intermittent; alternate; recurrent &c. (periodic) 138.
	Adv. at intervals; by snatches, by  jerks, by skips, by catches, by fits and starts; skippingly[obs3], per saltum[Lat]; longo intervallo[It].
	parenthetically.
	Phr. like "angel visits few and far between" [Campbell].

<-- the difference between a stage, here, and a state, at R7, is that a state describes an overall condition which can be part of a continuum, and is not necessarily well defined.  A stage is a part of a sequence, often has a name, and is identifiably different from other parts in a sequence -->
	#71. Step, Term. -- N. step, term, state, stage; scale, remove.
	link, peg, notch.
	place, point, mark, pas, period, pitch.
	stand, standing; footing, range.
	degree &c. 26.
	quantum level.
	[ref: state, condition, R7].
	{{has_trait(person)}} rank, station, level, grade; class, form [Brit], round of the ladder, rung of the ladder, status, position.
	{{has_subtype(grade)}} black belt; brown belt.
	[increase of grade] promotion, advancement; graduation.
	[decrease of grade] demotion; drop back; regression, retrogression.
	V. hold a place, occupy a place, find a place, fall into  a place &c. n.
	[increase grade] graduate; advance, progress.
	{{similar_to(rank): classify}}.
	[cause to advance] promote.
	[decrease grade] drop, drop down a notch, drop back, drop back a level; regress, retrogress.
	[decrease status] lose face.
	[cause to decrease grade] demote; bump; take down a notch.
	Adj. graded, graduated.
	ranked.
	stratified.
	Adv. stepwise, seriatim; by degrees.

A4.3  COLLECTIVE ORDER..R72 to R74.
<--   		72.	Assemblage			73.	 Nonassemblage
			74.	Focus			     	 Dispersion
-->
A4.3.1  Group    [[group]]
	#72. Group, Assemblage. -- N. {opp. 73} assemblage; collection,  collocation, colligation[obs3]; compilation, levy, gathering, ingathering.
	miscellany, collectanea[obs3]; museum, menagerie &c. (store) 636; museology[obs3].
	volley, shower, storm, cloud.
	{{has_subtype: P2.3.2.3.1.5,   Human groups}}.
	{{has_subtype(group): team; crew, gang, knot, squad, band, @P2.3.2.3.1.5}}.
	{{has_subtype(group): reunion, drawing room, at home; reception, conversazione[It] &c. (social gathering) 892}}.
	{{has_subtype(group): assembly, congress, meeting, levee; convention, conventicle; gemote[obs3]; conclave &c. (council) 696}}.
	{{has_subtype(group): posse, @P2.3.2.3.1.5}}.
	{{has_subtype(group): crowd, throng, @P2.3.2.3.1.5}}.
	{{has_subtype(group): bunch, drive, @P2.3.2.3.1.5}}.
	{{has_subtype(group): swarm, shoal, school, covey, flock, gaggle, herd}}.
	{{has_subtype(group): tribe}}.
	{{has_subtype(group): clan, brotherhood}}

	group, cluster, Pleiades, clump, pencil; set, batch, lot, pack; budget, assortment, bunch; parcel; packet, package; bundle, fascine[obs3], fasces[obs3], bale; group of fibers.
	{{has_subtype(group of fibers)}} fagot, wisp, truss, tuft; shock, rick, fardel[obs3], stack, sheaf, haycock[obs3]; fasces, fascicle ; seron[obs3], seroon[obs3]; gavel, hattock[obs3], stook[obs3].
	{{has_part(body)}} {{has_subtype(group of fibers, @R72, A4.3.1)}} fascicle, fasciculus.
	{{has_part(book)}} fascicle, fascicule[obs3], fasciculus.
<-- &&  these should be in a separate category, usage is (quantity) of ... -->
	[(large quantity) ref: multitude, R102] {{has_subtype(quantity, R25, A3.1.)}} {{has_property: greatness, R31.}} {{has_large_quantity}} great quantity, huge amount; congeries, heap, lump, pile, load, rouleau[obs3], mountain, mass; galaxy.
	pyramid; bing[obs3]; drift; tissue; snowball, snowdrift.
	acervation[obs3], cumulation; glomeration[obs3], agglomeration; conglobation[obs3]; conglomeration, conglomerate; coacervate[Chem], coacervation[Chem], coagmentation[obs3], aggregation; accumulation &c. (store) 636.
	{{property_of(density)}} concentration, congestion, omnium gaterum[Lat], spicilegium[obs3].
	{{has_metaphor(concentration)}} black hole of Calcutta.
	[of road traffic] heavy traffic; bottleneck, traffic jam.
	V.  assemble[be or come together], collect, muster; meet, unite, join, rejoin; cluster, flock, swarm, surge, stream, herd, crowd, throng, associate; congregate, conglomerate, concentrate; precipitate; center round, rendezvous, resort; come together, flock get together, pig together; forgather; huddle; reassemble.
	[get or bring together] assemble, muster; bring together, get together, put together, draw together, scrape together, lump together; collect, collocate, colligate[obs3]; get , whip in; gather; hold a meeting; convene, convoke, convocate[obs3]; rake up, dredge; heap, mass, pile; pack, put up, truss, cram; acervate[obs3]; agglomerate, aggregate; compile; group, aggroup[obs3], concentrate, unite; collect into a focus, bring into a focus; amass, accumulate &c.  (store) 636; collect in a dragnet; heap Ossa upon Pelion.
	Adj. assembled &c. v.; closely packed, dense, serried, crowded to suffocation, teeming, swarming, populous; as thick as hops; all of a heap, fascicu-lated cumulative.
Phr. the plot thickens; acervatim[Lat]; tibi seris tibi metis[Lat].

A4.3.2   Dispersion
	#73. Nonassemblage. Dispersion. -- N. {opp. 72} dispersion; disjunction &c. 44; divergence &c. 291; aspersion; scattering &c. v.; dissemination, diffusion, dissipation, distribution; apportionment &c. 786; spread, respersion[obs3], circumfusion[obs3], interspersion, spargefaction[obs3]; affusion[obs3]. waifs and estrays[obs3], flotsam and jetsam, disjecta membra[Lat], [Hor.]; waveson[obs3].
	V. disperse, scatter, disseminate, diffuse, shed, spread, bestrew, overspread, dispense, disband; dispel, dissipate: sow, broadcast, cast forth, draught off.
	disembody, dismember, distribute; apportion &c. 786; blow off, let out, spew; strew, straw, strow[obs3]; ted; spirtle[obs3], cast, sprinkle; issue, deal out, retail, utter; resperse[obs3], intersperse; set abroach[obs3], circumfuse[obs3].
	turn adrift, cast adrift; scatter to the winds;.
	spread like wildfire, disperse themselves.
	Adj. unassembled &c. (see assemble &c. 72); dispersed &c. v.; sparse, dispread, broadcast, sporadic, widespread; epidemic &c. (general) 78; adrift, stray; disheveled, streaming.
	Adv. sparsim[obs3], here and there, passim.

A4.3.3  Focus
	#74. [Place of meeting.] Focus. -- N. focus; point of convergence &c. 290; corradiation[obs3]; center &c. 222; gathering place, resort haunt retreat; venue; rendezvous; rallying point, headquarters, home, club; depot &c. (store) 636; trysting place; place of meeting, place of resort, place of assignation; point de reunion;  issue.
	V. bring to a point, bring to a focus, bring to an issue.

A4.4  DISTRIBUTIVE  ORDER R75 to R78
<--   	75. Class			77. Exclusion
		76. Inclusion		79. Speciality
		78. Generality	
-->
<-- a class is a group defined by their properties -->
	#75. Class. -- N. class, division, category, categorema[obs3].
	kind, sort, genus, species, variety, family, order, kingdom, race, tribe, caste, sept, clan, breed, type, subtype, kit, sect, set, subset; assortment; feather, kidney.
	head, order, section; department, subdepartment; province, domain.
	[of playing cards] suit.
	range.
	{{has_subtype: gender, sex, kin}}.
	manner, description, denomination, designation, rubric, character, stamp, predicament.
	indication, particularization, selection, specification.
	{{has_member}} member.
	{{has_property(member): similarity &c. R17}}.
	{{has_property(member): inclusion &c. R76}}.
	{{is_a: group}}.
	{{has_property: property}}.

	#76. Inclusion. [Comprehension under, or reference to a class.] -- N. {opp. 77} inclusion, membership, subsumption, admission, comprehension, reception.
	composition &c. (inclusion in a compound) 54.
	containment, embrace, encirclement.
	{{trait_of: ins, in crowd}}.
	V. be included in &c.; come under, fall under, range under; belong to, pertain to; member among; range with; merge in.
	include, comprise, subsume, encompass, comprehend, admit, receive; embody; contain, have.
	embrace, encircle, bound; inclose &c. (circumscribe) 229.
	reckon among, enumerate among, number among; refer to; place with, arrange with, place under.
	involve, take into account.
	Adj. included, including &c. v.; inclusive; catholic, encyclopedic; congener, congenerous; of the same class &c. 75; encircling.
	Phr. a maximis ad minima[Lat], et hoc genus omne[Lat], &c., etc.; et cetera[Lat].

	#77. Exclusion. -- N. {{antonym: inclusion, R76}} {{synonym: exclusion &c. R55}}.
<-- Roget's comment: The same set of words are used to express Exclusion from a class and Exclusion from a compound.  Reference is therefore made to the former at 55.  This identity does not occur with regard to Inclusion, which therefore constitutes a separate category.  -->
<-- however, non-member can be used for class or group, but not for compound.  So put it here. -->
	non-member, out.
	{{plural}} outs.

	#78. Generality. -- N. {opp. 79} generality, generalization; universality; catholicity, catholicism; miscellany, miscellaneousness[obs3]; dragnet; common run; worldwideness[obs3].
	everything, all.
	everyone, everybody; all hands, all the world and his wife; anybody, N or M, all sorts.
	prevalence, run.
	V. be general &c. adj.; prevail, be going about, stalk abroad.
	render general &c. adj.; generalize.
	Adj. general, generic, collective; broad, comprehensive, sweeping; encyclopedical[obs3], widespread &c. (dispersed) 73.
	universal; catholic, catholical[obs3]; common, worldwide; , ecumenical, oecumenical[obs3]; transcendental; prevalent, prevailing, rife, epidemic, besetting; all over, covered with.
	Pan-American, Anglican[obs3], Pan-Hellenic, Pan-Germanic, slavic; panharmonic[obs3].
	every, all; unspecified, impersonal.
	customary &c. (habitual) 613.
	Adv. whatever, whatsoever; to a man, one and all.
	generally &c. adj.; always, for better for worse; in general, generally speaking; speaking generally; for the most part; in the long run &c. (on an average) 29.
	without exception.

<-- && feature,  characteristic -- where else ? R5 intrinsicality!
  The main heading should be here, where class and inclusion concepts  are.
  We break out trait, characteristic into its own entry and move the main entries from R5 to R79a.  R79 retains the concept of specification, pointing to a particular item.
-->
	#79. Speciality. -- N. {opp. 78} speciality, specialite[obs3]; individuality, individuity[obs1]; particularity, peculiarity; idiosyncrasy, idiocrasy[obs3] &c. (tendency) 176;  specificity, specificness[obs3] &c. adj.; singularity &c. (unconformity) 83.
	[of people] personality, mannerism.
	{{similar_to: unconformity, R83}}.
	{{has_part: characteristic, R79a}}.
	{{manifestation_of: character, R5}}.
	reading, version, lection; state.
	specification; deixis.
	Pronoun. it, they.
	Personal Pronoun. I, self, I myself, myself, me; you, yourself; thee, thou, thyself; he, she, him, her, himself, herself, itself, theirselves.
	Possessive pronoun. my; your; mine; yours; his; hers; her; its.
	Article. this; that; these; those; ; the; yon, yonder; this here [coll.].
	[ref: type, idiotype].
	V. specify, particularize, individualize, realize, specialize, designate, determine; denote, indicate, point out, select.
	descend to particulars, enter into detail, go into detail, come to the point.
	Adj. special, particular, individual, specific, proper, personal, original, private, respective, definite, determinate, especial, certain, esoteric, endemic, partial, party, peculiar, appropriate, several, characteristic, diagnostic, exclusive; singular &c. (exceptional) 83; idiomatic; idiotypical; typical.
	peculiar, idiosyncratic.
	Adv. specially, especially, particularly  &c. adj.; in particular,   in propria persona[Lat]; ad hominem[Lat]; for my part.
	each, apiece, one by one, one at a time; severally, respectively, each to each;  seriatim, in detail, in great detail, in excruciating detail, in mind-numbing detail; bit by bit;   pro hac vice[Lat], pro re nata[Lat].
	namely, that is to say, for example, id est, exemplia gratia[Lat], e.g., i.e.,videlicet, viz.; to wit.
	Phr. le style est l'homme meme[Fr].

	<-- individual characteristic  [[attribute]] -->
	#79a.  Trait, Characteristic.
	N.  {{member_of: character @R5}} {{member_of: pattern, A4.6}} {{part_of: specialty, R79}}  trait, characteristic, property, feature, aspect, attribute, quality.
	{{has_high_intensity}} peculiarity, distinctive feature, distinctive characteristic, distinguishing characteristic; unconformity &c. R83.
	technicality.
	particulars, details, items, counts; minutiae.
	{{plural}} differentia.
	[ref: characteristics of people, R820, M3.3.1  Habitual Affections ].
	{{has_property(person): ability, endowment, faculty, @R157,A7.3}}.

A4.5  CATEGORICAL  ORDER  ...R80 to R83
<--  	80. Rule			81. Multiformity
	 	82. Conformity		83. Unconformity
-->

	#80. Normality. -- N.  normality, normalcy, normalness[obs3]; familiarity,  naturalness; commonness (frequency) 136.
	default.
	rule, standard, genuineness (conformity) 82.
	customary (habit) 613; 
	standard, pattern (prototype) 22.
	uniformity &c. R16.
	V.  normalize, standardize.
	default, default to.
	Adj.  normal, natural, unexceptional, default; standard; typical, common,  usual (frequency) 136.
	[ref: true, genuine, authentic, @R82].
	[ref: undamaged, intact, healthy].
	Adv. normally, naturally; true to form, true to type, as per form; in absence of contrary information.
	
	typically, commonly, usually, as usual, &c. R136.

	#81. Multiformity. -- N. multiformity, omniformity[obs3]; variety, diversity; irregularity; multifariousness &c. adj.; varied assortment.
	grab bag; hodge podge, hotch potch.
	dissimilarity &c. 18.
	non-uniformity, heterogeneity &c. R16a.
	non-relation &c. 10; difference &c. 15.
	{{manifestation_of: essence, R5}}.
	V.  mix and match.
	Adj. polymorphous, multiform, multifold, multifarious, multigenerous[obs3], multiplex; heterogeneous, diversified, dissimilar, various, varied, variform[obs3]; manifold, many-sided; variegated, motley, mosaic; epicene, indiscriminate, desultory, irregular; mixed, different, assorted, mingled, odd, diverse, divers; all manner of; of every description, of all sorts and kinds; et hoc genus omne[Lat]; and what not? de omnibus rebus et quibusdam aliis [Lat].
	jumbled, confused, mixed up, discordant; inharmonious, unmatched, unrelated, nonuniform.
	omniform[obs3], omnigenous[obs3], omnifarious[obs3]; protean (form) 240.
	Phr. "harmoniously confused" [Pope]; " variety's the very spice of life" [Cowper].

<-- conformity to some idea, rule, or standard is often expressed as "true to"  the truth-concepts are in a cluster at M4, properties of ideas 
		R494  Truth,   	R495  Error,
		543.	Veracity..	544.	Falsehood
		545.	Deception  	546.	Untruth
-->
	#82. Conformity. -- N. {opp. 83}  conformity, conformance; observance; habituation; naturalization; conventionality &c. (custom) 613; agreement &c. 23.
	example, instance, specimen, sample, quotation; exemplification, illustration, case in point; object lesson; elucidation.
	standard, model, pattern &c. (prototype) 22.
	rule, nature, principle; law; order of things; normal state, natural state, ordinary state, model state,  normal condition, natural condition, ordinary condition, model condition; standing dish, standing  order.
	Procrustean law; law of the Medes and Persians; hard and fast rule, unwavering rule, unbending rule.
	V. conform to, conform to rule; accommodate oneself to, adapt oneself to; rub off corners.
	be regular &c. adj.; move in a groove; follow observe the rules, go by the rules, bend to the rules ,obey the rules, obey the precedents; comply with, tally  with, chime in  with, fall in with; be guided by, be regulated by; fall into a custom,fall into a usage; follow the fashion, follow the crowd, follow the multitude; pass muster, do as others do, hurler avec les loups [Fr]; stand on ceremony; when in Rome do as the Romans do; go with the stream, go with the flow, swim with the stream, swim with the current, swim with the tide, blow with the wind; stick to the beaten track &c. (habit) 613; keep one in countenance.
	exemplify, illustrate, cite, quote, quote precedent, quote authority, appeal to authority, put a case; produce an instance &c. n.; elucidate, explain. 
	Adj. conformable to rule; regular &c. 136; according to regulation, according to rule, according to Hoyle, according to Cocker, according to Gunter; en regle [Fr], selon les regles[Fr], well regulated, orderly; symmetric &c. 242.
	conventional &c. (customary) 613; of daily occurrence, of everyday occurrence; in the natural order of things; ordinary, common, habitual, usual, everyday, workaday.
	in the order of the day; naturalized.
	typical, normal, nominal, formal; canonical, orthodox, sound, strict, rigid, positive, uncompromising, Procrustean.
	secundum artem[Lat], shipshape, technical. exempIe[Fr]. illustrative, in point.
<-- regular here is in the distinctive sense of authentic; should be separate?? -->
	true, real, genuine, authentic, regular, bona fide, unquestionable; faithful, valid; [ref: true, R494].
	{{similar_to: pure, unadulterated, R652 @M7.2.2.2 }}.
	Adv. conformably &c. adj.; by rule; agreeably to; in conformity with, in accordance with, in keeping with; according to; consistently with; as usual, ad instar[Lat], instar omnium[Lat]; more solito[Lat], more-majorum. for the sake of conformity; as a matter of course, of course; pro forma[Lat], for form's sake, by the card.
	invariably, &c. (uniformly) 16.
	for example, exempli gratia[Lat], e. g.; inter alia[Lat], among other things; for instance. 
	Phr.  cela va sans dire[Fr]; ex pede Herculem[Lat]; noscitur a sociis [Lat]; ne e quovis ligno Mercurius fiat [Lat][Erasmus]; "they are happy men whose natures sort with their vocations" [Bacon].  "The nail that sticks up will get hammered down" [Japanese saying];  "Stick your neck out and it may get cut off."

	#83. Unconformity.--  N. {opp. 82} exception, peculiarity; nonconformity &c. 82; unconformity, disconformity; unconventionality, informality, abnormity[obs3], abnormality, anomaly; anomalousness &c. adj.; infraction of  law, breach, of  law, violation of law, violation  of custom, violation of usage, infringement  of law,  infringement  of custom, infringement of usage; teratism[obs3], eccentricity, bizarrerie[obs3], oddity, je ne sais quoi[Fr], monster, monstrosity, rarity; freak, freak of Nature, weirdo, mutant; rouser, snorter* [U.S.].
	individuality, idiosyncrasy, originality, mannerism.
	aberration; irregularity; variety; singularity; exemption.
	salvo &c. (qualification) 469.
	nonconformist; nondescript, character, original, nonesuch, nonsuch[obs3], monster, prodigy, wonder, miracle, curiosity, flying fish, black sheep, black swan, lusus naturae[Lat], rara avis[Lat], queer fish; mongrel, random breed; half-caste, half-blood, half-breed; metis[Lat], crossbreed, hybrid, mule, hinny, mulatto; tertium quid[Lat], hermaphrodite.
	[mythical animal] phoenix, chimera, hydra, sphinx, minotaur; griffin, griffon; centaur; saggittary[obs3]; kraken, cockatrice, wyvern, roc, dragon, sea serpent; mermaid, merman, merfolk[obs3]; unicorn; Cyclops, "men whose heads do grow beneath their shoulders" [Othello]; monster, teratology. 
	[unconformable to the surroundings] fish out of water; neither one thing nor another, neither fish nor fowl, neither fish flesh nor fowl nor good red herring; one in a million, one in a way, one in a thousand; outcast, outlaw; off the beaten track; oasis.
	{{&similar_to: impurity, contamination, adulteration, R653, @M7.2.2.2}}.
	[ref: heterogeneity, R16a].
	[ref: dissimilarity, R18].
	V. be uncomformable &c. adj.; abnormalize[obs3]; leave the beaten track, leave the beaten path; infringe a law, infringe a habit, infringe a usage, infringe a custom, break a law, break a habit, break a usage, break a custom, violate a law, violate a habit, violate a usage, violate a custom; drive a coach and six through; stretch a point; have no business there; baffle all description, beggar all description.
	Adj. uncomformable, exceptional, abberrant; abnormal, abnormous[obs3]; anomalous, anomalistic; peculiar, exclusive, unnatural, eccentric, egregious.
	out of order, out of place, out of keeping, out of tune, out of one's element; beyond the pale of,  out of the pale of.
	irregular, arbitrary.
	teratogenic.
	lawless, informal, stray, wandering, wayward, wanton; out of the beaten track, off the beaten track, out of the common, out of the common run; misplaced; funny.
	unusual, unaccustomed, uncustomary, unwonted, uncommon; rare,  curious, odd, extraordinary, out of the ordinary.
	strange, monstrous; wonderful &c. 870; unexpected, unaccountable; outre[Fr], out of the way, remarkable, noteworthy; queer, quaint, nondescript, none such, sui generis[Lat]; unfashionable; fantastic, grotesque, bizarre; outlandish, exotic, tombe des nues[Fr], preternatural.
	denatured[Biochem.], denaturalized[obs3].
	heterogeneous, heteroclite[Gram], amorphous, mongrel, amphibious, epicene, half blood, hybrid; androgynous, androgynal[obs3]; asymmetric &c. 243; adelomorphous[obs3], bisexual, hermaphrodite, monoclinous[obs3].
	qualified &c. 469.
	singular, unique, one-of-a-kind.
	newfangled, novel, non-classical; original, unconventional, unheard of, unfamiliar; undescribed, unprecedented, unparalleled, unexampled.
	{{&similar_to: impure, contaminated, adulterated, R653, @M7.2.2.2 }}.
	[ref: imitation, copy &c.R19].
	[ref: phony, sham, &c. R545; falseness, R544].
	Adv. unconformably &c. adj.; except, unless, save barring, beside, without, save and except, let alone.
	however, yet, but.
	once in a blue moon, once in a million years.
	Int. what on earth! what in the world! What the devil!  Holy cow! Can you top that?;  Sacre bleu [Fr].
	Phr. never was seen the like, never was heard the like, never was known the like.
	I could hardly believe it; I saw it, but I didn't believe it.

A4.6  Pattern.
<-- pattern here is in the technical sense used for computerized  pattern-matching.  For this purpose a pattern is defined as a group(or set) of characteristics, each of which has a value.  The values may be numerical, qualitative, or yes/no.  -->
	N. pattern.
	grouping, distribution.
	{{is_a: group[of characteristics]}}.
	{{has_member:  characteristic, property, feature}}.
	{{has_property:  multidimensionality; complexity}}.
	{{has_subtype}} disposition, arrangement, distribution, array.
	{{has_property: order, A4.1}}.
	{{has_property(characteristic/property/feature):  value}}.
	{[in_frame(computer program)]} vector, array.
	{{studied_in}}  pattern matching.
	{{has_subtype: traffic pattern; flight pattern}}.

A5.  Number		R84 to R105                    [[number]]
A5.1. ABSTRACT  NUMBER  ...R84 to R86
<--   	84.	     Number
		85.	     Numeration
		86.	     List
-->

	#84. Number. -- N. number, symbol, numeral, figure, cipher, digit, integer; counter; round number; formula; function; series; operand; result.
	{{has_subtype(operand)}} addend; subtrahend; multiplicand, multiplier, multiplicator[obs3]; dividend; divisor; factor; coefficient.
	{{has_subtype(result)}} sum; difference; complement; product; multiple; quotient, submultiple[Math].
	{{used_by: @R85a, operation, mathematical operation; operator}}.
	{{used_by: computation, R85a}}.
	{{has_subtype(operation)}} permutation; combination.
	fraction, rational number; surd, irrational number; transcendental number; mixed number, complex number, complex conjugate; numerator, denominator; decimal, circulating decimal, repetend; common measure, aliquot part; prime number, prime, relative prime, prime factor; reciprocal; totient[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(prime)}} {{property_of(duality)}} prime pair.
	binary number, octal number, hexadecimal number[Comp].
	variation.
	election.
	ratio, proportion, comparison &c.464; progression; arithmetical progression, geometrical progression, harmonical progression[obs3]; percentage, permilage.
	figurate numbers[obs3], pyramidal numbers, polygonal numbers.
	power, root, exponent, index, logarithm, antilogarithm; modulus, base.
	differential, integral, fluxion[obs3], fluent.
	[ref: numeration, R85].
	[ref: quantity, R25].
	[ref: measure, R466, @M2.2].
	V. number, enumerate; [ref: numeration, R85].
	Adj. numerical, numeral[obs2]; complementary, divisible, aliquot, reciprocal, prime, relatively prime, fractional, figurate[obs3].
	incommensurable.
	proportional, exponential, logarithmic, logometric[obs3], differential, fluxional[obs3], integral, totitive[obs3].
	positive, negative; rational, irrational; surd, radical, real; complex, imaginary; finite; infinite; impossible.
	digital; discrete.
	quantitative; [ref: quantity, R25].
	{{used_in: measurement, R466}}.
	binary; octal; hexadecimal; decimal.
	[ref: specific, definite].
	{{antomym_of(numerical)}} non-numerical, symbolic.
	{{antomym_of(quantitative)}} qualitative.
	{[when_modifying(computer)]} {{antomym_of(digital)}} analog.
	Adv.  numerically, in numbers; digitally; proportionally; finitely; modulo.
	quantitatively.
	[ref: specifically, definitely].
	infinitely.

<-- numeration and computation -- two different operations?
  In any case, belong with mental operations!
	Enumeration = counting.
	Make computation = R85a, and further subdivide inot formal mathematics. -->
	#85. Numeration.  -- N. numeration, counting; numbering &c. v.;.
	tally, count, tale, recension[obs3], enumeration.
	dead reckoning, muster, poll, census, capitation, roll call, recapitulation; account &c. (list) 86.
	score.
	pagination, paging.
	{{similar_to(poll): vote, election}}.
	{{&similar_to: measurement, R466}}.
	{{&uses: computation, R85a}}.
	V. number, count, tally, tell; call over, run over; take an account of, enumerate, muster, poll, recite, recapitulate.
	paginate, page; affix numbers to.
	Adj. numeral, numerical.
	numerable.
	[ref: measurable].
	commensurable, commensurate.
	{{antonym(numerable)}} innumerable, unfathomable, infinite.
	{{antonym(measurable)}} immeasurable.
	{{antonym(commensurable)}} incommensurable, incommensurate.
	Adv.  measurably; in numbers.

	#85a.  Computation.  -- N.
	computation, calculation, reckoning, supputation[obs3]; calculus.
	summation.
	algorithm, algorism[obs3], rhabdology[obs3], dactylonomy[obs3]; measurement &c. 466.
	statistics.
	arithmetic, analysis, algebra, geometry, analytical geometry, fluxions[obs3]; differential calculus, integral calculus, infinitesimal calculus; calculus of differences.
	lambda calculus.
	{{&used_by(number, R84)}} {{has_subtype(computation)}} operation, mathematical operation; operator.
	{{has_subtype(operation)}} notation; addition, summation; subtraction, taking a difference; multiplication; division; rule of three, practice, equations; raising to a power; extraction of roots, taking the root; reduction, involution, evolution, estimation, approximation; interpolation; differentiation; integration; factoring.
	{{has_inverse(addition): subtraction}}.
	{{has_inverse(multiplication): division; factoring}}.
	{{has_inverse(raising to  a power): extraction of roots}}.
	{{has_inverse(differentiation): integration}}.
	{{function_of(computation)}} abacus[Instruments], logometer[obs3], slide rule, slipstick[coll.], tallies, Napier's bones, calculating machine, difference engine, suan-pan[obs3]; adding machine; cash register; electronic calculator,  calculator, computer.
	[people who calculate: ref P2.3.2.3.2.4.4  Arithmetician]
	V. sum; sum up, cast up; tell off, score, cipher, compute, calculate, suppute[obs3], reckon.
	add, subtract, multiply, divide, extract roots; algebraize[obs3].
	{{used_in(computation)}} check, prove, demonstrate, balance, audit, overhaul, take stock.
	amount to, add up to, come to.
	Adj. arithmetical, analytic, algebraic, statistical.
	computable, calculable.
	Adv.  quantitatively; arithmetically

<-- && most of the entries under list are physical objects.  Should they be
   here or under physobj?? -->
	#86. List. -- N. {{has_subtype(writing)}}.
	list, catalog, catalogue, inventory.
	{{part_of: register &c. (record) 551}}.
	account; bill, bill of costs; terrier; tally, listing, itemization; atlas; book, ledger; catalogue raisonne[Fr]; tableau; invoice, bill of lading; prospectus; bill of fare, menu, carte[Fr].
	score, census, statistics, returns.
	[list of topics in a document] {{&has_part(document)}} contents, table of contents, outline; synopsis.
	[list of topics in a protracted activity (frame)] program, programme[Brit]; syllabus; agenda, schedule, calendar, docket.
	[computer-generated list] listing, printout, output.
	[written list used as an aid to memory] checklist.
	table, chart, database; index, inverted file, word list, concordance.
	vocabulary.
	dictionary, lexicon; glossary; thesaurus.
	file, card index, card file, rolodex, address book.
	Red book, Blue book, Domesday book; cadastre[Fr]; directory, gazetter[obs3]. almanac; army list, clergy list, civil service list, navy list; Almanach de Gotha[obs3], cadaster; Lloyd's register, nautical almanac;
	who's who; Guiness's Book of World Records.
	roll; check roll, checker roll, bead roll; muster roll, muster book; roster, panel, jury list; cartulary, diptych.
	V.  list, itemize; sort, collate; enumerate, tabulate, catalog, tally.
	Adj. cadastral[obs3].

A5.2  DETERMINATE  NUMBER   R87 to R99
<--   	87.	     Unity			88. Accompaniment
		89.	     Duality
		90.	     Duplication		91. Bisection
		92.	     Triality
		93.	     Triplication		94. Trisection
		95.	     Quaternity
		96.	     Quadruplication	97. Quadrisection
		98.	     Five, &c.			99. Quinquesection, &c.
-->
	#87.  Unity. -- N. {opp.  100} unity; oneness &c. adj.; individuality; singularity; solitude &c. (seclusion) 893; isolation &c. (disjunction) 44; unification &c. 48.
	one, unit, ace; individual; none else, no other.
	V. be one, be alone &c. adj.; dine with Duke Humphrey[obs3].
isolate &c. (disjoin) 44.
	render one; unite &c. (join) 43, (combine) 48.
	Adj. one, sole, single, solitary, only, unitary; individual, apart, alone; kithless[obs3].
	unaccompanied, unattended; solus[Lat], single-handed; singular, odd, unique, unrepeated[obs3], azygous, first and last; isolated &c. (disjoined) 44; insular.
	lone, lonely, lonesome; isolated; desolate, dreary. insecable[obs1], inseverable[obs3], indiscerptible[obs3]; compact, indivisible, atomic, irresolvable[obs3].
	monospermous[obs3]; unific[obs3], uniflorous[obs3], unifoliate[obs3], unigenital[obs3], uniliteral[obs3], unijocular[obs3], unimodal [statistics], unimodular[obs3].
	one and a half, sesqui-.
	Adv. singly &c. adj.; alone, by itself, per se, solo; only, apart, in the singular number, in the abstract; one by one, one at a time; simply.
	Phr. natura il fece [It], e poi roppe la stampa[It]; du fort au faible [obs3]; "two souls with but a single thought, two hearts that beat as one".

<-- && what's this doing here?  Opposite of alone-ness! Where else? Near addition, complement-->
	#88.  Accompaniment. -- N. accompaniment; adjunct &c. 39; appendage, appurtenance.
	context.
	coexistence, concomitance, company, association, companionship; partnership, co-partnership; coefficiency[obs3].
	concomitant, accessory, coefficient; companion, buddy, attendant, fellow, associate, friend,  colleague; consort, spouse, mate; partner, co-partner; satellite, hanger on, fellow-traveller, shadow; escort, cortege; attribute.
	[ref: complement, @R88 (completeness)].
	[ref: combination, R49].
	V. accompany, coexist, attend; hang on, wait on; go hand in hand with; synchronize &c. 120.
	bear company, keep company; row in the same boat; bring in its train; associate with, couple with.
	appurtenant to; [ref: part, R87].
	Adj. accompanying &c. v.; concomitant, fellow, twin, joint; associated with, coupled with; accessory, attendant, obbligato.
	Adv. with, withal; together with, along with, in company with; hand in hand, side by side; cheek by jowl, cheek by jole[obs3]; arm in arm; therewith, herewith; and &c. (addition) 37.
	together, in a body, collectively.
	Phr. noscitur a sociis[Lat]; virtutis fortuna comes[Lat].

	#89. Duality. -- N. duality, dualism;  biformity[obs3]; polarity, bipolarity.
	duplicity; biplicity[obs3].
	two; deuce, couple, duet, brace, pair, cheeks, twins; fellows; yoke, conjugation; dispermy[obs3]; doublet, doublets; dyad, span.
	{{has_example(twins)}} Romulus and Remus; {{has_example(star)}} Castor and Pollux, Gemini; {{has_example(person)}} Siamese twins; {{has_example(building)}} Twin Towers; {{has_example(city)}} Twin Cities, Minneapolis and Saint Paul.
	twinning [crystallography].
	[cause to be two: duplication, R90].
	V.  [unite in pairs] pair, couple, bracket, yoke; conduplicate[obs3]; mate, span [U.S.].
	duplicate; [ref: copy,  R19].
	Adj. two, twin; dual, dualistic, double; binary, binomial; twin, biparous[obs3]; dyadic[Math]; conduplicate[obs3]; duplex &c. 90; biduous[obs3], binate[obs3], diphyletic[obs3], dispermic[obs3], unijugate[obs3]; tete-a-tete.
	bi-, di-;
	polar, bipolar.
	double, duplicate; twinned.
	coupled &c. v.; conjugate.
	both, both the one and the other.

	#90. Duplication. -- N. duplication; doubling &c. v.; gemination, ingemination[obs3]; reduplication; iteration &c. (repetition) 104; renewal.
	[ref: replication, copying, R19].
	V. double, redouble, duplicate, reduplicate; geminate; repeat &c. 104; renew &c. 660.
	Adj. double; doubled &c. v.; bicipital[obs3], bicephalous[obs3], bidental[obs3], bilabiate, bivalve, bivalvular[obs3], bifold[obs3], biform[obs3], bilateral; bifarious[obs3], bifacial[obs3]; twofold, two-sided; disomatous[obs3]; duplex; double-faced, double-headed; twin, duplicate, ingeminate[obs3]; second.
	Adv. twice, once more; over again &c. (repeatedly) 104; as much again, twofold; secondly, in the second place, again.

	#91. [Division into two parts.] bisection. -- N. bisection, bipartition; dichotomy, subdichotomy[obs3]; halving &c. v.; dimidiation[obs3].
	bifurcation, forking, branching, ramification, divarication; fork, prong; fold. half, moiety.
	V. bisect, halve, divide, split, cut in two, cleave, dimidiate[obs3], dichotomize, cleave in twain[arch.].
	go halves, divide with, split up; split down the middle.
	separate, fork, bifurcate; branch off, out; ramify.
	Adj. bisected &c. v.; cloven, cleft; bipartite, biconjugate[obs3], bicuspid, bifid; bifurcous[obs3], bifurcate, bifurcated; distichous, dichotomous, furcular[obs3]; semi-, demi-, hemi-.
	polarized.
	equipartite.

	#92. Triality. -- N. Triality[obs3], trinity; triunity[obs3].
	three, triad, triplet, trey, trio, troika, ternion[obs3], leash; shamrock, tierce[obs3], spike-team [U.S.], trefoil; triangle, trident, triennium[obs3], trigon[obs3], trinomial, trionym[obs3], triplopia[obs3], triseme[obs3], triskele[obs3], triskelion, trisula[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(number)}} third power, cube; cube root.
	[ref: tripod; trireme; tricycle].
	Adj. three ; triform[obs3], trinal[obs3], trinomial; tertiary; ternary; triune; triarch, triadie[obs3]; triple &c. 93.
	Pref. tri-, tris-.
	Phr. tria juncta in uno[Lat].  

	#93. Triplication. -- N. triplication, triplicity[obs3]; trebleness[obs3], trine.
	V.  treble, triple; triplicate, cube.
	Adj. triple; tern, ternary.
	triplicate, treble, threefold.
	trilogistic[obs3]; third; trinal[obs3], trine.
	Adv. three times, three  fold; thrice, in the third place, thirdly; trebly &c. adj.

	#94. [Division into three parts.] Trisection. -- N. trisection, tripartition[obs3], trichotomy; third, one third, a third, third part.
	V. trisect, divide into three parts.
	Adj. trifid; trisected &c. v.; tripartite, trichotomous[obs3], trisulcate[obs3]; trimodal.
	triangular, tricuspid, tridentate, tridentiferous[obs3], trifoliate, trifurcate, tripolar, tripodal, trigonal[obs3], tricapsular[obs3], Triadelphous[obs3], tridental[obs3], trigrammic[obs3], trigrammatic[obs3], tripetalous[obs3], tripodic[obs3], triquetral[obs3], triquetrous[obs3].

<-- && relocate objects.
   note that square in the mathematical sense is more related to two
than to four.  Subdivide? -->
	#95. Four. -- N.  quaternity[obs3], four, tetrad, quartet, quaternion, square, quarter.
	[planar form with four sides] tetract[obs3], tetragon, quadrangle, rectangle.
	[three dimensional object with four surfaces] {{has_subtype(polyhedron)}} tetrahedron.
	quadrature, quadrifoil, quadriform, quadruplet; quatrefoil.
	[object or animal with four legs] tetrapod.
	[geographical area with four sides] quadrangle, quad[coll.].
	[four fundamental studies] quadrivium.
	V. reduce to a square, square.
	Adj. four; quaternary, quaternal[obs3]; quadratic; quartile; tetract[obs3], tetractic[obs3], tetractinal[obs3]; tetrad, tetragonal; square, quadrate.
 
	#96. Quadruplication. -- N. quadruplication.
	V. multiply by four, quadruplicate, biquadrate[obs3].
	Adj. fourfold, four times; quadrable[obs3], quadrumanous[obs3], quadruple, quadruplicate, quadrible[obs3]; fourth.
	quadrifoliate[obs3], quadrifoliolate[obs3], quadrigeminal[obs3], quadrigeminate[obs3], quadriplanar[obs3], quadriserial[obs3].
	Adv. four times; in the fourth place, fourthly.

	#97. [Division into four parts.] Quadrisection. -- N. quadrisection, quadripartition[obs3]; quartering &c. v; fourth; quart; quarter, quartern[obs3]; farthing (i.e. fourthing)[obs3]; quadrant.
	[electromagnetic object] quadrupole.
	V. quarter, divide into four parts.
	Adj. quartered &c. v.; quadrifid[obs3], quadripartite.
	rectangular.

	#98. Five, Six, &c. -- N. {{has_subtype(number)}}.
	five, cinque[Fr], quint, quincux[obs3]; six, half-a-dozen, half dozen; seven; eight; nine, three times three; dicker; ten, decade; eleven; twelve, dozen; thirteen, long dozen, baker's dozen; quintuplet; twenty, score; twenty-four, four and twenty, two dozen; twenty-five, five and twenty, quarter of a hundred; forty, two score; fifty, half a hundred; sixty, three score; seventy, three score and ten; eighty, four score; ninety, fourscore and ten; sestiad[obs3].
	hundred, centenary, hecatomb, century; one hundred and forty-four, gross.
	thousand, chiliad; myriad; ten thousand, ban[Japanese], man[Japanese]; lac, one hundred thousand, plum; million; thousand million; milliard, thousand million, billion; trillion, billion[Brit.]; gugol; gugol plex; &c.
	{{has_subtype(weight)}} hundredweight, cwt.
	{{has_subtype(time unit)}} decade; century; millennium, thousand years, grand[coll.]; ten thousand years, banzai[Japanese].
	V. centuriate[obs3]; quintuplicate.
	Adj. five, quinary[obs3], quintuple; fifth; senary[obs3], sextuple; sixth; seventh; septuple; octuple; eighth; ninefold, ninth; tenfold, decimal, denary[obs3], decuple[obs3], tenth; eleventh; duodenary[obs3], duodenal; twelfth; in one's 'teens, thirteenth.
	vicesimal[obs3], vigesimal; twentieth; twenty-fourth &c. n.; vicenary[obs3], vicennial[obs3]. 
	centuple[obs3], centuplicate[obs3], centennial, centenary, centurial[obs3]; secular, hundredth; thousandth, &c.

	#99. Quinquesection, &c. -- N. division by five &c. 98; quinquesection &c.; fifth &c.
	[reduction by one-tenth] decimation.
	V. quinquesect, divide into fifths.
	decimate.
	Adj. quinquefid, quinquelateral, quinquepartite; quinqevalent, pentavalent; quinquarticular[obs3].
	octifid[obs3].
	decimal, tenth, tithe; deci-.
	duodecimal, twelfth.
	sexagesimal[obs3], sexagenary[obs3].
	hundredth, centesimal; centi-.
	thousandth, millesimal[obs3]; milli-.
	millionth, ten to the minus sixth, micro-.
	billionth, ten to the minus ninth, nano-.
	trillionth, ten to the minus twelfth, pico-.
	thousand trillionth, million billionth, ten to the minus fifteenth, femto-.
	million trillionth, billion billionth, ten to the minus eighteenth, atto-.
	&c. .

A5.3  INDETERMINATE  NUMBER   .R100 to R105
<--  	100.	     Plurality			100a. Fraction
								101.  Zero
		102.	     Multitude 		103.  Fewness
		104.	     Repetition
		105.	     Infinity
-->

A5.3  INDETERMINATE  NUMBER   .R100 to R105
<--  	100.	     Plurality			100a. Fraction
								101.  Zero
		102.	     Multitude 		103.  Fewness
		104.	     Repetition
		105.	     Infinity
-->

	#100. {opp. 87} [More than one.] Plurality. -- N. plurality; multiplicity; a number, a certain number; one or two, two or three &c.; a few, several; majority.
	[large number] multitude &c. 102.
	Adj. plural, more than one, multiple, upwards of; some, several, a few; not a few; certain; not alone &c. 87.
	Adv. et cetera, &c., etc.
	among other things, inter alia[Lat].
	Phr. non deficit alter [Lat].

	#100a. [Less than one.] Fraction -- N. fraction, fractional part; part &c. 51.
	fractionation[Chem.].
	{{similar_to: quinquesection &c. R99}}.
	{{has_subtype(number): ratio}}.
	{{result_of: division}}.
	V. fractionate[Chem.].
	Adj. fractional, fragmentary.
	{{similar_to: incomplete, R53}}.
	inconsiderable, negligible, insignificant, undetectable.
	[ref: microscopic &c. (small)] infinitesimal.

	#101. Zero. -- N. zero, nothing; null, nul, naught, nought, void; cipher, goose egg; none; nichts[Ger.], nixie*, nix*; zilch, zip, zippo [all slang].
	[of people]  nobody, no one; not a soul; ame qui vive[Fr].
	absence &c. 187.
	insubstantiality &c. 4.
	Adj. not one, not a one, not any, nary a one [dial.]; not a,  never a; not a whit of, not an iota of, not a drop of, not a speck of, not a jot; not a trace of, not a hint of, not a smidgen of, not a suspicion of, not a shadow of, neither hide nor hair of.

	#102. Multitude. -- N. {{is_a: quantity, R25, A3.1.}} {{has_property: greatness, R31.}}.
	multitude; numerous &c. adj.; numerosity, numerality; multiplicity; profusion &c. (plenty) 639; legion, host; great number, large number, round number, enormous number; a quantity, numbers, array, sight, army, sea, galaxy; scores, peck, bushel, shoal, swarm, draught, bevy, cloud, flock, herd, drove, flight, covey, hive, brood, litter, farrow, fry, nest; crowd &c. (assemblage) 72; lots; all in the world and his wife.
	[Increase of number] greater number, majority; multiplication, multiple.
	V. be numerous &c. adj.; swarm with, teem with, creep with; crowd, swarm, come thick upon; outnumber, multiply; people; swarm like locusts, swarm like bees.
	Adj. many, numerous; profuse, in profusion; several, sundry, divers, various, not a few; Briarean; a hundred, a thousand, a myriad, a million, a quadrillion, a nonillion, a thousand and one; some ten or a dozen, some forty or fifty &c.; half a dozen, half a hundred &c.; very many, full many, ever so many;  numerose[obs3]; manifold, multiplied, multitudinous, multiple, multinominal, teeming, populous, peopled, crowded, thick, studded; galore.
	thick coming, many more, more than one can tell, a world of; no end of, no end to; cum multis aliis[Lat]; thick as hops, thick as hail; plenty as blackberries; numerous as the stars in the firmament, numerous as the sands on the seashore, numerous as the hairs on the head; and what not, and heaven knows what; endless &c. (infinite) 105.
	Phr. their name is "legion"; acervatim[Lat]; en foule[Fr]; "many-headed multitude" [Sidney]; "numerous as glittering gems of morning dew" [Young]; vel prece vel pretio[Lat][obs3]. 

<-- fewness, here, refers to few in number; infrequency at R137 refers to few repetitions in time.  But there is a lot of overlap in usage -->
	#103. Fewness. -- N. fewness &c. adj.; paucity, small number; small quantity &c. 32; rarity; handful, maniple; minority; exiguity.
	{{similar_to: scarcity, infrequency &c. 137}}.
	[Diminution of number] {{caused_by}} reduction; weeding &c. v.; elimination, culling, sarculation[obs1], decimation; eradication; loss.
	{{&caused_by: removal; destruction}} .
	[of living things] {{&caused_by: departure; death, killing}}.
	V. be few &c. adj.
	[reduce the number][transitive] render few &c. adj.; reduce, diminish the number, weed, eliminate, cull, thin, decimate.
	Adj. few; scant, scanty; thin, rare, scattered, thinly scattered, spotty, few and far between, exiguous; [scarce, infrequent &c. 137]; rari nantes[Latin]; hardly any, scarcely any; to be counted on one's fingers; reduced &c. v.; unrepeated[obs3].
	{{has_superlative: unique, singular, R83, R87}}.
	Adv. rarely, here and there.
	[ref: occasionally, infrequently, R137].

<-- note related concepts of multitude, frequency, periodicity, repetition, and habit are listed as separate main entries -->
	#104. Repetition. -- N. repetition, iteration, reiteration, harping, recurrence, succession, run; battology, tautology; monotony, tautophony; rhythm &c. 138; diffuseness, pleonasm, redundancy.
	chimes, repetend, echo, ritornello[obs3], burden of a song, refrain; rehearsal; rechauffe[Fr], rifacimento[It], recapitulation.
	cuckoo &c. (imitation) 19; reverberation &c. 408; drumming &c. (roll) 407; renewal &c. (restoration) 660.
	twice-told tale; old story, old  song; second edition, new edition; reappearance, reproduction, recursion [Comp]; periodicity &c. 138.
	V. repeat, iterate, reiterate, reproduce, echo, reecho, drum, harp upon, battologize[obs3], hammer, redouble.
	recur, revert, return, reappear, recurse [Comp]; renew &c. (restore) 660.
	rehearse; do over again, say over again; ring the changes on; harp on the same string; din in the ear, drum in the ear; conjugate in all its moods tenses and inflexions[obs3], begin again, go over the same ground, go the same round, never hear the last of; resume, return to, recapitulate, reword.
	Adj. repeated &c. v.; repetitional[obs3], repetitionary[obs3]; recurrent, recurring; ever recurring, thick coming; frequent, incessant; redundant, pleonastic.
	monotonous, harping, iterative, recursive [Math, Comp], unvaried; mocking, chiming; retold; aforesaid, aforenamed[obs3]; above-mentioned, above-said; habitual &c. 613; another.
	Adv. repeatedly, often, again, anew, over again, afresh, once more; ding-dong, ditto, encore, de novo, bis[obs3], da capo[It].
	again and again; over and over, over and over again; recursively [Comp]; many times over; time and again, time after time; year after year; day by day &c.; many times, several times, a number of times; many a time, full many a time; frequently &c. 136.
	Phr. ecce iterum Crispinus[Lat]; toujours perdrix[Fr]; "cut and come again" [Crabbe]; "tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow" [Macbeth]; cantilenam eandem canis [Lat][Terence]; nullum est jam dictum quod non dictum sit prius [Lat][Terence].

	#105. Infinity. -- N. infinity, infinitude, infiniteness &c. adj.; perpetuity &c. 112; boundlessness.
	{{has_subtype(symbol)}} aleph null[Math.].
	V. be infinite &c. adj.; know no limits, have no limits, know no bounds,have no bounds; go on for ever.
	Adj. infinite; limitless, endless, boundless, termless[obs3]; numberless, countless, sumless[obs3], measureless.
	immense; innumerable, immeasurable, incalculable, illimitable, inexhaustible, interminable, unfathomable, unapproachable; exhaustless, indefinite; without number, without measure, without limit, without end; incomprehensible; untold, unnumbered, unmeasured, unbounded, unlimited; illimited[obs3]; perpetual &c. 112.
	Adv. infinitely &c. adj.; ad infinitum.
	Phr. "as boundless as the sea" [Romeo and Juliet].

<--  R106 to R139 Time moved to P1.1

A6.  Change   R140 to R152                                [[change]]
A6.1  SIMPLE  CHANGE   R140 to R48
<--   	140.	Change			141.	Permanence
		142.	Cessation			143.	Continuance
		144.	Conversion
		145.	Reversion
		146.	Revolution
		147.	Substitution		148.	Interchange
-->
<-- the concepts in A6.1 do not necessarily imply a time difference, although they are often used in that context: a transformation, for example, could be a mathematical operation and the original and transformed objects may coexist.  The differences implied by these words are in general differences after some transforming operation, which could but does not necessarily  require time in the physical universe.  The next section, changeability, does more intimately imply a time factor -->
	#140. [Difference at different times.] Change. -- N. change, alteration, mutation, variation, modification, modulation.
	inflexion, mood; permutation, rearrangement; qualification; innovation; deviation, turn; evolution, revolution; diversion; break.
	transformation, transfiguration; transmutation; deoxidization[Chem]; transubstantiation; transanimation[obs3], transmigration, metempsychosis[obs1].
	{{&has_process(life)}} metamorphosis.
	{{&has_process(cell)}} metastasis; mutagenesis[Genet]; differentiation; transformation.
	avatar; alterative.
	{{has_subtype: conversion &c. (gradual change) 144}}.
	{{has_subtype: 145,  Reversion}}.
	{{has_subtype: revolution &c. (sudden or radical change) 146}}.
	{{has_subtype: 147,  Substitution}}.
	{{has_subtype: 148,  Interchange}}.
	{{has_subtype: displacement &c. 185}}.
	{{has_subtype:  inversion &c. (reversal) 218}}.
	{{has_subtype: transference &c. 270}}.
	changeableness &c. 149; tergiversation &c. (change of mind) 
607.
	{{causes: difference, R15; dissimilarity, R18}}.
	{{has_high_level}} sea change.
	V. change, alter, vary; modulate; mutate.
	qualify, tamper with; turn, shift, veer, tack, chop, shuffle, swerve, warp, deviate, turn aside, evert, intervert[obs3]; wax and wane; pass to, take a turn, turn the corner, resume.
	work a change, modify, vamp, superinduce; transform, transfigure, transmute, transmogrify, transume[obs3].
	metamorphose, ring the changes.
	innovate, introduce new blood, shuffle the cards; give a turn to, give a color to; influence, turn the scale; shift the scene, turn over a new leaf.
	recast &c. 146; reverse &c. 218; disturb &c. 61; convert into &c. 144.
	{increase complexity} diversify.
	Adj. changed &c. v.; newfangled; changeable &c. 149; transitional; modifiable; alterative.
	Adv. mutatis mutandis[Lat].
	Int. quantum mutatus[Lat]!
	Phr. "a change came o'er the spirit of my dream" [Byron]; nous avons change tout cela [Fr][Moliere]; tempora mutantur nos et mutamur in illis[Lat]; non sum qualis eram [Lat][Horace]; casaque tourner[Fr]; corpora lente augescent cito extinguuntur [Lat][Tacitus]; in statu quo ante bellum[Lat]; "still ending and beginning still" [Cowper]; vox audita perit littera scripta manet[Lat].

	#141. [Absence of change.] Permanence. -- N.  permanence, persistence, endurance.
	durability; standing, status quo; maintenance, preservation, conservation; conservation; law of the Medes and Persians; standing dish.
	stability &c. 150; quiescence &c. 265; obstinacy &c. 606.
	{{similar_to: continuation, R143}}.
	{{antonym: transience, R111; changeability, R149}}.
	V. persist, remain, stay, last, endure.
	[of people] tarry, rest; bide, abide, aby[obs3].
	[of people] dwell, maintain, keep; subsist, live, outlive, survive.
	[of people] stand, stand still, stand fast; hold one's ground, keep one's ground, hold one's footing, keep one's footing; hold, hold on; hold good.
	let alone, let be, let it be, stet [copy editing].
	Adj.  persisting, enduring &c. v.; permanent; established; unchanged &c. (change &c. 140); renewed; intact, inviolate; persistent; monotonous, uncheckered[obs3]; unfailing.
	stable, durable &c. 150.
	undestroyed, unrepealed, unsuppressed[obs3]; conservative, qualis ab incepto[Lat]; prescriptive &c. (old) 124; stationary &c. 265.
	Adv. in statu quo[Lat]; for good, finally; at a stand, at a standstill; uti possidetis[Lat]; without a shadow of turning.
	Phr. esto perpetua[Lat]; nolumus leges Angliae mutari[Lat][obs3]; j'y suis et j'y ereste[Fr].

	#142. [Change from action to rest.] Cessation. -- N. cessation, discontinuance, desistance, desinence[obs3]; stop; stopping &c. v.; closure, stoppage, halt; arrest.
	remission; suspense, suspension, postponement, stay; interruption; cloture [U.S. congress].
	arrival &c. 292.
	{{has_subtype(interval, @R106)}} {{property_of(transience, R111)}} pause, rest, lull, respite, intermission, truce, drop; vacation, holiday; interregnum, abeyance; recess, break, coffee break, time out, timeout; down time, off time, time off.
	dead stop, dead stand, dead lock; finis, cerrado[Sp]; blowout, burnout, meltdown, disintegration.
	{[in_frame(writing)]} comma, colon, semicolon, period, full stop.
	end &c. 67; death &c. 360.
	V. cease, discontinue, desist, stay, halt; quit, break off, leave off; hold, stop, pull up, stop short; stick, hang fire; halt; pause, rest; burn out, blow out, melt down.
	time out.
	have done with, give over, surcease, shut up shop; give up &c. (relinquish) 624.
	hold one's hand, stay one's hand; rest on one's oars repose on one's laurels.
	come to a stand, come to a standstill; come to a deadlock, come to a full stop; arrive &c. 292; go out, die away; wear away, wear off; pass away &c. (be past) 122; be at an end.
	disintegrate, self-destruct.
	put an end to, put a stop to, put a period to; derail; turn off, switch off, power down, deactivate, disconnect; bring to a stand, bring to a standstill; stop, cut short, arrest, stem the tide, stem the torrent; pull the check-string, pull the plug on. 
	intromit, interrupt, suspend, interpel[obs3]; intermit, remit; postpone, stay.
	{cause to cease existence} [ref: destroy, R162].
	{cause to cease presence} [ref: eject, remove, eliminate R297].
	{cause to cease existence of a record} [ref: erase, obliterate R552].
	Int. hold! stop! enough! avast! have done! a truce to! soft! leave off! tenez[Fr]! 
	Phr. "I pause for a reply" [Julius Caesar]; take five.

	#143. Continuance [in action]. -- N. continuance, continuity, continuation; run; perpetuation, prolongation; constancy; persistence &c. (perseverance) 604a; repetition &c. 104.
	sustentation, sustention.
	{{property_of}} continuum.
	{{similar_to: permanence, R141}}.
	continuo [mus.].
	V. continue, persist; go on, jog on, keep on, run on, hold on; abide, keep, pursue, stick to its course, take its course, maintain its course; carry on, keep up.
	sustain, uphold, hold up, keep on foot; follow up, perpetuate; maintain; preserve &c. 604a; harp upon &c. (repeat) 104.
	keep going, keep alive, keep the pot boiling, keep up the ball, keep up the good work; die in harness, die with one's boots on; hold on the even tenor of one's way, pursue the even tenor of one's way.
	let be; stare super antiquas vias[Lat][obs3]; quieta non movere[Lat]; let things take their course; stare decisis [Lat][Jurisprudence]. 
	Adj. continuous; continued, continuing &c. v.; uninterrupted, unintermitting[obs3], unvarying, unshifting[obs3], without letup; unreversed[obs3], unstopped, unrevoked, unvaried; sustained; undying &c. (perpetual) 112; inconvertible.
	unceasing, everlasting, unending, incessant.
	Int. keep it up! go to it! right away! right on! attaboy!
	Phr. nolumus leges Angliae mutari[Lat]; vestigia nulla retrorsum [Lat][Horace]; labitur et albetur [Lat][Horace].
 
	#144. [Process, nonviolent and usually gradual change to something different.] Conversion. -- N. conversion, transformation, reduction, transmutation, resolution, assimilation.
	evolution, sea change; change of state; assumption; transportation.
	development [biol.], developing [photography].
	[of people] naturalization, change of citizenship.
	[of currency] conversion of currency, exchange of currency; exchange rate; bureau de change.
	chemistry, alchemy; progress, growth, lapse, flux.
	passage; transit, transition; transmigration, shifting &c. v..
	phase; conjugation; convertibility.
	[industrial processes] processing, rendering.
	{{has_product(processing)}} product.
	crucible, alembic, caldron, retort.
	derivatization [Chem.].
	{{has_product(derivatization)}} derivative [Chem.].
	[of people] [ref: belief, R484] {{has_result(conversion)}} {{property_of(converted)}} convert, pervert, renegade, apostate.
	{{&result_of: radioactivity}}.
	{{has_result(radioactivity): conversion, transmutation}}.
	{{has_subtype: chemical process, chemical reaction}}.
	V. be converted into; become, get, wax; come to, turn to, turn into, evolve into, develop into; turn out, lapse, shift; run into, fall into, pass into, slide into, glide  into, grow into, ripen into, open into, resolve itself into, settle into, merge into, emerge as; melt, grow, come round to, mature, mellow.
	assume the form of, assume the shape of, assume the state of, assume the nature of, assume the character of; illapse[obs1].
	begin a new phase, start a new phase, assume a new phase, undergo a change.
	convert, convert into, resolve into; transform; process, make, render; mold, form &c. 240; remodel, new model, refound[obs3], reform, reorganize; assimilate to, reduce to.
	{{affected_by(belief, R484)}} bring to, persuade, move.
	Adj. converted, converted into &c. v.; convertible, resolvable into; transitional; naturalized.
	derivatized[Chem.].
	Adv. gradually, &c. (slowly) 275 in transitu &c. (transference) 270[Lat].

	#145. Reversion. -- N. reversion, return.
	revulsion.
	turning point, turn of the tide; status quo ante bellum; calm before a storm.
	restoration, restoring.
	{{has_subtype(restoration): restoration &c. R660}}.
	alternation &c. (periodicity) 138.
	inversion &c. 219.
	[ref: recoil &c. 277].
	retreat, regression, retrogression &c. 283.
	relapse, recidivism  &c. 661; atavism; vicinism[obs3].
	{has_requirement}} restorability, revertability.
	{{has_subtype(restorability): elasticity, R3325}}.
	V. revert, turn back, regress; relapse &c.  661; recoil &c. 277; retreat &c. 283; restore &c. 660; undo, unmake; turn the tide, roll back the tide, turn the scale, tip the scale.
	Adj. reverting &c. v.; regressive, revulsive, reactionary; retrorse[obs3].
	Adv.  a rebours[Fr].

	#146. [Sudden or violent change.] Revolution. -- N. revolution, bouleversement, subversion, break up; destruction &c. 162.
	sudden change, radical change, sweeping organic change; change of state, phase change; quantum leap, quantum jump; clean sweep, coup d'etat[Fr], counter revolution.
	jump, leap, plunge, jerk, start, transilience[obs1]; explosion; spasm, convulsion, throe, revulsion; storm, earthquake, cataclysm.
	legerdemain &c. (trick) 545.
	{{performed_by: revolutionary, radical, @reformer, P2.3.2.3.2.5.40}}.
	V. revolutionize; new model, remodel, recast; strike out something new, break with the past; change the face of, unsex.
	Adj. unrecognizable; revolutionary.

	#147. [Change of one thing for another.] Substitution. -- N. substitution, commutation; supplanting &c. v..
	[of words or linguistic expressions] metaphor, metonymy &c. (figure of speech) 521.
	[Thing substituted] substitute, ersatz; makeshift, temporary expedient, replacement, succedaneum; shift, pis aller[Fr], stopgap, jury rigging, jury mast; locum tenens, warming pan.
	dummy; scapegoat; double; changeling; quid pro quo, alternative.
	representative &c. (deputy) 759; palimpsest.
	[in commerce] price, purchase money, consideration, equivalent.
	[in politics] stalking horse.
	V. substitute, put in the place of, change for; make way for, give place to.
	supply the place of, take the place of; supplant, supersede, replace, cut out, serve as a substitute; step into the shoes of, stand in the shoes of.
	jury rig, make a shift with, put up with; borrow from Peter to pay Paul, take money out of one pocket and put it in another, cannibalize; commute, redeem, compound for.
	Adj. substituted &c.; phony; vicarious, subdititious[obs3].
	makeshift, substitute, ersatz; jury-rigged.
	Adv. instead; in place of, in lieu of, in the stead of, in the room of; faute de mieux[Fr].

	#148. [Double or mutual substitution.] Interchange. -- N. interchange, exchange, swapping; commutation, permutation, intermutation; reciprocation, transposition, rearrangement, reorganization; shuffling; alternation, reciprocity.
	castling [at chess]; hocus-pocus.
	interchangeableness[obs3], interchangeability.
	recombination;  combination 48, [ref] 84.
	barter, trade &c. 794.
	tit for tat &c. (retaliation) 718.
	cross fire, battledore and shuttlecock; quid pro quo.
	{{has_conceptual_part: replacement, R147}}.
	[ref: answer].
	V. interchange, exchange, counterchange[obs3]; bandy, transpose, shuffle, change hands, swap, switch, permute, commute; give and take, return the compliment; play at puss in the corner, play at battledore and shuttlecock.
	retaliate &c. 718.
	[of gifts, favors] reciprocate.
	[of love] requite.
	rearrange, recombine.
	Adj. interchanged, exchanged, transposed, permuted &c. v.; reciprocal, mutual, commutative, interchangeable, exchangeable, intercurrent[obs3].
	[in commerce] returnable.
	combinatorial[Math, Statistics].
	recombinant[Biology, Genetics].
	substituted &c. v.; vicarious, subdititious[obs3].
	Adv. interchangably; reciprocally; instead; in place of, in lieu of, in the stead of, in the room of; faute de mieux[Fr].
	in exchange, vice versa, mutatis mutandis[Lat], backwards and forwards, by turns, turn and turn about; each in his turn, everyone in his turn.

A6.2  COMPLEX  CHANGE  R149 to R152
<--  NOte  R149. Changeableness  and  150. Stability  moved to P2.2.1,
	properties of matter generally.
Note:    Present and future events, R151. Eventuality and  R152. Destiny
         are moved to P2.4.1  Event (@P2.4 simple actions of physobjs)

-- note that time and events generally have been shifted to the physical universe, and the concepts here (R149 and R150) of changeability and stability also often imply changes with respect to time.  (doubtless the primitive concept of change formed from observations of change over time).  IN distinction with the abstract concept of change, these specific references to change over time are  therefore placed in the physical universe, as properties of matter, generally?  As mentioned above, change may not necessarily imply an associated time element, but in the case of stability time is closely related. See [matprop] at P2.2.1 -->

<-- R151, Event, and R152, Destiny moved to
         physical universe (simple actions of PO's)  P2.4.1  --> 

A7.  Causation   R153 to R179
<--   				(Except for
					to biology  R163 reproduction,
							  R166 paternity
							  R167 posterity
			and to volition       R170 agency
-->
A7.1 Causation Generally  R153 to R154
<--  	 Constant Antecedent		Constant Sequent
		153.	  Cause.				154.	Effect
-->[[cause]]
<--  here cause means prime cause, and also has the concept of "source" and "origin" mixed in.  Combinations of causes are treated in  R178 Concurrence   and R179, Counteraction, and influence R175  -->
	#153. [Constant antecedent]. Cause.-- N. cause, origin, source, principle, element; occasioner, prime mover, primum mobile[Lat]; vera causa[Lat].
	[Law] proximate cause; contributory cause, contributory negligence.
	author &c. (producer) 164; mainspring; agent; leaven; groundwork, foundation &c. (support) 215.
	spring, fountain, well, font, wellspring; fountainhead, spring head, wellhead; fons et origo[Lat], genesis; descent &c. (paternity) 166; remote cause; influence.
	pivot, hinge, turning point, lever, crux, fulcrum; key; causa causans[Lat];  straw that breaks the camel's back.
	ground; reason, reason why; why and wherefore, rationale, occasion, antecedent, determinant, derivation; final cause &c. (intention) 620; les dessous des cartes [Fr]; undercurrents.
	radix, radical, rudiment.
	{{similar_to(ancestor)}} egg, germ, embryo, bud, root, etymon, nucleus, seed, stem, stock, stirps, trunk, tap-root, gemmule[obs3], radicle, semen, sperm.
	nest, cradle, nursery, womb, nidus, birthplace, hotbed.
	causality, causation;  origination; production &c. 161.
	V. cause, occasion, sow the seeds of, kindle, suscitate[obs3]; be the cause &c. n. of; originate; give origin to, give rise to, give occasion to;  bring on, bring to bring pass, bring about; produce, yield; create &c. 161; set up, set afloat, set on foot; found, broach, institute, lay the foundation of; lie at the root of.
	induce, evoke, entail, elicit, provoke; draw down, procure, open the door to, superinduce, operate.
	conduce to &c. (tend to) 176; contribute; contribute to, have a hand in, participate in, have a hand in the pie, have a finger in the pie; determine, decide, turn the scale; have a common origin; derive its origin &c. (effect) 154.
	Adj. caused &c. v; causal, original; primary, primitive, primordial; aboriginal; protogenal[obs3]; radical; embryonic, embryotic[obs3]; in embryo, in ovo[Lat]; seminal, germinal; at the bottom of; connate, having a common origin.
	Adv. causally; because &c. 155; behind the scenes.
	Phr. causa latet vis est notissima [Lat][Ovid]; felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas [Lat][Vergil], happy is he who knows the causes of things.

	#154. [Constant sequent.] Effect.--  N. effect, consequence; aftermath, aftergrowth[obs3], aftercome[obs3]; derivative, derivation; result, outcome; resultant, resultance[obs3]; end &c. 67; fruit, crop, harvest, product, yield, bud.
	sequel, corollary, aftereffect; side effect, adverse reaction[Med.]; reaction, side reaction[Chem.]; development, outgrowth, ramification, upshot, issue, denouement, end product, end result, final result.
	production, produce, work, handiwork, fabric, performance; creature, creation; offspring, offshoot; first fruits, firstlings; inheritance, heredity, telegony[obs3]; premices[obs3], premises.
	V. be the effect of &c. n. ; be due to, be owing to; originate in, originate from; rise from, arise from, take its rise from, spring from, proceed from, emanate from, come from, grow from, bud from,  sprout from, germinate from, issue from, flow from, result from, follow from, derive its origin from, accrue from; come to, come of, come  out of; depend upon, be dependent on, hang upon, hinge upon, turn upon.
	take the consequences, sow the wind and reap the whirlwind.
	Adj. owing to; resulting from &c. v.; derivable from; due to; caused  by &c. 153; ; dependent upon; derived from, evolved from; derivative; hereditary; telegonous[obs3].
	Adv. of course, it follows that, naturally, consequently; as a consequence, in consequence; through, all along of, necessarily, eventually.
	Phr. cela va sans dire[Fr], "thereby hangs a tale" [Taming of the Shrew].

A7.2   CONSTANCY OF SEQUENCE...R155 to R156
		  Assignment of Cause		Absence of Assignment
<--  		155.	  Attribution          	156.	Chance  -->
	#155. [Assignment of cause] Attribution -- N.  attribution, theory, abduction, deduction, induction, etiology, aetiology, ascription, reference to, rationale; accounting for &c. v.; palaetiology[1],  imputation, derivation from.
	filiation[obs3], affiliation; pedigree &c. (paternity) 166.
	explanation &c. (interpretation) 522; reason why &c. (cause) 153.
	{{similar_to: reasoning, R476; judgement, conclusion, R480}}.
	credit; blame.
	{{is_a: assertion/allegation}}.
	V. attribute to, ascribe to, impute to, refer to, credit to, lay to, point to, trace to, bring home to; put down  to, set down  to, blame; charge to, charge on, ground on; invest with, assign to, assign as cause, lay at, the door of, father upon; account for, derive from, point out the reason &c. 153; theorize; tell how it comes; put the saddle on the right horse.
	[accept attribution of cause] take the credit; take the blame.
	Adj. attributed &c. v.; attributable &c. v.; referable to, referrible to[obs3],  due to, derivable from; owing to &c. (effect) 154; putative; ecbatic[obs3].
	{{similar_to: asserted, alleged}}.
	Adv. hence, thence, therefore, for, since, on account of, because, owing to; on that account; from this cause, from that cause; thanks to, forasmuch as; whence, propter hoc[Lat].
	why? wherefore? whence? how comes it, how  is it, how happens it? how does it happen?
	in some way, in some such way; somehow, somehow or other.
	Phr. that is why; hinc illae lachrymae [Lat][Horace].
<--
-----------------------------------------------------------
	1. Whewell History of the inductive Sciences, book xviii vol. iii.p.  397 (3d edit.).
	2  The word Chance has two distinct meanings: the first, the absence of assignable cause, as above; and the second, the absence of design -- for the latter see 621
	&& must sort chance, here, and probability, R472, 473 at M5.3  Degrees of Evidence (possibility)
-->

	#156. [Absence of assignable cause.] Chance. [2] -- N. chance, indetermination, randomness, accident, happenstance, happenchance, fortune, foruity, fortuitousness, hazard, hap, haphazard, chance medley, luck, random luck, raccroc[obs3], casualty, contingence, contingency, adventure, hit.
	{{has_manifestation: possibility, R470; probability, R472; improbability, R473, @M5.3  Degrees of Evidence}}.
	fate &c. (necessity) 601.
	equal chance.
	{{has_metaphor}} lottery; tombola[obs3]; toss up &c. 621; turn of the table, turn of the cards; hazard of the die, chapter of accidents, fickle finger of fate; toss of the dice, cast of the dice, throw of the dice; heads or tails, flip of a coin, wheel of Fortune; sortes[obs3], sortes Virgilianae[obs3].
	odds; long odds, run of luck; accidentalness.
	{{has_high_level(probability, likelihood)}} high probability, main chance, odds on, good odds, good chance, favorable odds.
	contingency, dependence (uncertainty) 475; situation (circumstance) 8.
	{{studied_in}} statistics, probability theory, Theory of Probabilities, theory of Chances.
	{{used_in(statistics)}} bookmaking; assurance; actuarial calculations, actuarial tables; speculation, gaming &c. 621.
	{{performed_by(actuarial calculations): actuary}}.
	{{job_of(statistics): statistician}}.
	{{has_manifestation(probability)}} law of averages, law of large numbers.
	{{property_of(randomness)}} random sample, blind sample, spot check.
	{{used_in(statistics)}} statistical analysis; clinical study, blind study, double blind study; sampling.
	{{has_manifestation}} uncertainty principle, Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle.
	{{has_low_level(probability, R472)}} low probability, small chance, poor chance; one-in-a-million chance, one-in-a-million shot; outside chance, off chance, outside shot, long shot, long odds, poor bet; remote possibility, slim chance, slim possibility.
	{{has_metaphor(low probability, @R473)}} a snowball's chance in hell; Chinaman's chance; dark horse.
	V. chance, hap, turn up; fall to one's lot; be one's -fate &c. 601; stumble on light upon; take one's chance &c. 621.
	{{has_metaphor}} Monte Carlo.
	Adj. chance, casual, fortuitous, accidental, adventitious, causeless, incidental, contingent, uncaused, undetermined, indeterminate; random, statistical.
	unpredictable, unforseeable.
	unpredicted, unforseen.
	haphazard, hit or miss, 
	[technical] stochastic, probabilistic.
	possible &c. 470; unintentional &c. 621.
	{{has_high_level(possibility): probable, likely, (probability) R472}}.
	{{has_low_level(possibility): improbable, unlikely, not likely, @R472}}.
	{{has_low_level(probability, R472)}} 
	Adv. by chance, accidentally, by accident, adventitiously; casually; perchance &c. (possibly) 470; randomly, probabilistically; for aught one knows; as good would have it, as bad would have it, as luck would have it, as ill-luck  would have it, as chance would have it; as it may be, as it may chance,  as it may turn up, as it may happen; as the case may be.
	Phr. " grasps the skirts of happy chance " [Tennyson]; " the accident of an accident " [Lord Thurlow]. "There but for the grace of God go I." 

A7.3  CONNECTION BETWEEN CAUSE AND EFFECT..R157 to R160..
<--  	157.	Power.	           	158. Impotence
				Degrees of Power
		159.	Strength	            	160. Weakness
-->
<-- The original "power" contained the concepts of both efficacy and efficiency, as well as human ability.  Efficiency to R157b, Human ability moved to trait, P2.2.4.6.  -->
	#157. Power.-- N. power; potency, potentiality; jiva[obs3]; puissance, might, force, energy; dint; right hand, right arm; ascendency[obs3], control; prepotency, prepollence[obs1].
	{{similar_to: physical energy &c. 171}}.
	{{has_subtype: physical power, R157a, @P2.6.1, Physics  }}.
	{{has_high_level}} almightiness, omnipotence.
	ability; efficaciousness &c. adj.; capability, capacity; competence, competency; efficacy; adequacy; validity, cogency; enablement[obs3]; vantage ground; influence &c. 175.
	{{has_subtype: ability, faculty, quality, P2.2.4.6}}.
	{{conceptual_part_of: efficiency, R157b}}.
	[ref: characteristics of people, R820, M3.3.1  Habitual Affections ].
	V. be powerful &c. adj.; gain power &c. n.
	belong to, pertain to; lie in one's power, be in one's power; can, be able.
	exercise power &c. n.
	[cause to become powerful] give power, confer power; empower, enable, invest; indue[obs3], endue; endow, arm; strengthen &c. 159; compel &c. 744.
	Adj. powerful, puissant; potential; capable, able; equal to, up to; cogent, valid; efficient, productive; effective, effectual, efficacious, adequate, competent.
	multipotent[obs3], plenipotent[obs3].
	omnipotent; almighty.
	forcible &c. adj. (energetic) 171; influential &c. 175; productive &c. 168.
	Adv. powerfully &c. adj.; by virtue of, by dint of.
	Phr. a toute force[Fr]; <gr/dos moi pou sto kai kino ten gen/gr>; eripuit coelo fulmen sceptrumque tyrannis [Latin]; fortis cadere cedere non potest [Latin].

	#157b.  Efficiency. -- N. {{conceptual_part_of(power, R157)}}.
	efficiency, productivity.
	{{assessed_by(efficiency)}} cost-benefit analysis.
	sway, authority &c. 737; strength &c. 159.
	Adj.  effective, efficient, productive.
	Adv.  effectively, efficiently, productively.

	#158. Impotence.-- N. impotence; inability, disability; disablement, impuissance, imbecility; incapacity, incapability; inaptitude, ineptitude, incompetence, lack of productivity, unproductivity[obs3]; indocility[obs3]; invalidity, disqualification.
	{{antonym(efficiency, R157b)}} inefficiency, wastefulness.
	{{has_metaphor}} blank, blank cartridge, flash in the pan, vox et proeterea nihil[Lat], dead letter, bit of waste paper, dummy; paper tiger; Quaker gun; telum imbelle[Lat], brutum fulmen[Lat].
	inefficacy &c. (inutility) 645[obs3]; failure &c. 732.
	helplessness &c. adj.; prostration, paralysis, palsy, apoplexy, syncope, sideration[obs1], deliquium[obs1], collapse, exhaustion, softening of the brain, inanition.
	emasculation, orchiotomy [Med], orchotomy[Med].
	{{trait_of: cripple, old woman, creampuff; eunuch; wimp,  P2.3.2.3.2.4.23}}.
	V. be impotent &c. adj.; not have a leg to stand on.
	vouloir rompre l'anguille au genou [French], vouloir prendre la lune avec les dents [French].
	collapse, faint, swoon, fall into a swoon, drop; go by the board, go by the wayside; go up in smoke, end in smoke &c. (fail) 732.
	render powerless &c. adj.; deprive of power; disable, disenable[obs3]; disarm, incapacitate, disqualify, unfit, invalidate, deaden, cramp, tie the hands; double up, prostrate, paralyze, muzzle, cripple, becripple[obs3], maim, lame, hamstring, draw the teeth of; throttle, strangle, garrotte, garrote; ratten[obs3], silence, sprain, clip the wings of, put hors de combat[Fr], spike the guns; take the wind out of one's sails, scotch the snake, put a spoke in one's wheel; break the neck, break the back; unhinge, unfit; put out of gear.
	unman, unnerve, enervate; emasculate, castrate, geld, alter, neuter, sterilize, fix.
	shatter, exhaust, weaken &c. 160.
	Adj. powerless, impotent, unable, incapable, incompetent; inefficient, ineffective, effete; inept; unfit, unfitted; unqualified, disqualified; unendowed, mismatched; inapt, unapt; crippled, disabled &c. v.; armless[obs3].
	harmless, unarmed, weaponless, defenseless, sine ictu[Lat], unfortified, indefensible, vincible, pregnable, untenable.
	paralytic, paralyzed, helpless; palsied, imbecile; nerveless, sinewless[obs3], marrowless[obs3], pithless[obs3], lustless[obs3]; emasculate, disjointed; out of joint, out of gear; unnerved, unhinged; water-logged, on one's beam ends, rudderless; laid on one's back; done up, dead beat, exhausted, shattered, demoralized; graveled &c. (in difficulty) 704; unfriended[obs3], fatherless; without a leg to stand on; out of action, hors de combat[Fr]; laid on the shelf.
	null and void, nugatory, inoperative, good for nothing; ineffectual &c. (failing) 732; inadequate &c. 640; inefficacious &c. (useless) 645.
	{{similar_to: weak, R160}}.
	Adv.  powerlessly &c. adj.
	not worth the paper it's written on.
	Phr. der kranke Mann[Ger]; "desirous still but impotent to rise" [Shenstone]; the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.

	#159. [Degree of power.] Strength.-- N. strength; power &c. 157; energy &c. 171; vigor, force; main force, physical force, brute force; soundness; spring, elasticity, tone, tension, tonicity.
	[of people] stoutness &c. adj.; lustihood[obs3], stamina, nerve, brawn, muscle, sinew, thews and sinews, physique; pith, pithiness; virility, vitality.
	{{required_for}} athletics, athleticism[obs3]; gymnastics, feats of strength.
	{{has_metaphor}} adamant, steel, iron, oak, heart of oak; iron grip; grit, bone.
	{{trait_of: athlete, gymnast, acrobat; superman; strong man, P2.3.2.3.2.4.24}}.
	strengthening &c. v.; invigoration, refreshment, refocillation[obs1].
	[Science of forces] dynamics, statics.
	V. be strong &c. adj., be stronger; overmatch.
	render strong &c. adj.; give strength &c. n.; strengthen, invigorate, brace, nerve, fortify, energize.
	sustain, harden, case harden, steel, gird; screw up, wind up, set up; gird up one's loins, brace up one's loins; recruit, set on one's legs; vivify; refresh &c. 689; refect[obs3]; reinforce, reenforce &c. (restore) 660.
	Adj. strong, mighty, vigorous, forcible, hard, adamantine, stout, robust, sturdy, hardy, powerful, potent, puissant, valid.
	irresistible, invincible, proof against, impregnable, unconquerable, indomitable, dominating, resistless; incontestable; more than a match for; overpowering, overwhelming; all powerful, all sufficient.
	inextinguishable, unquenchable.
	sovereign.
	unweakened[obs3], unallayed, unwithered[obs3], unshaken, unworn, unexhausted[obs3]; in full force, in full swing; in the plenitude of power.
	[of people] able-bodied; athletic; Herculean, Cyclopean.
	[of people] Atlantean[obs3]; muscular, brawny, wiry, well-built, well-knit, broad-shouldered, sinewy, strapping, stalwart, gigantic.
	[of people] manly, man-like, manful; masculine, male, virile.
	[of people] stubborn, thick-ribbed, made of iron, deep-rooted; strong as a lion, strong as a horse, strong as an ox, strong as brandy; sound as a roach; in fine feather, in high feather; built like a brick shithouse; like a giant refreshed.
	Adv. strongly &c. adj.; by force &c. n.; by main force &c. (by compulsion) 744.
	Phr. "our withers are unwrung" [Hamlet].
	Blut und Eisen[Ger]; coelitus mihi vires[Lat]; du fort au diable[Fr]; en habiles gens[Lat]; ex vi termini; flecti non frangi[Lat]; "he that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill" [Burke]; "inflexible in faith invincible in arms" [Beattie].

	#160. Weakness.-- N. weakness &c. adj.; debility, atony[obs3], relaxation, languor, enervation; impotence &c. 158; infirmity; effeminacy, feminality[obs3]; fragility, flaccidity; inactivity &c. 683.
	anaemia, bloodlessness, deficiency of blood, poverty of blood.
	declension of strength, loss of strength, failure of strength; delicacy, invalidation, decrepitude, asthenia[obs3], adynamy[obs3], cachexy[obs3], cachexia[Med], sprain, strain.
	reed, thread, rope of sand, house of cards.
	softling[obs3], weakling; infant &c. 129; youth &c. 127.
	V. be weak &c. adj.; drop, crumble, give way, totter, tremble, shake, halt, limp, fade, languish, decline, flag, fail, have one leg in the grave.
	render  weak &c. adj.; weaken, enfeeble, debilitate, shake, deprive of strength, relax, enervate, eviscerate; unbrace, unnerve; cripple, unman &c. (render powerless) 158; cramp, reduce, sprain, strain, blunt the edge of; dilute, impoverish; decimate; extenuate; reduce in strength, reduce the strength of; mettre de l'eau dans son vin[Fr].
	Adj. weak, feeble, debile[obs1]; impotent &c. 158; relaxed, unnerved, &c. v.; sapless, strengthless[obs3], powerless; weakly, unstrung; limp, flaccid, adynamic[obs3], asthenic[obs3]; nervous.
	soft, effeminate, feminate[obs3], womanly.
	frail, fragile, shattery[obs3]; flimsy, unsubstantial, insubstantial, gimcrack, gingerbread; rickety, creaky, creaking, cranky; craichy[obs3]; drooping, tottering &c. v..
	[of people] broken, lame, withered, shattered, shaken, crazy, shaky; palsied &c. 158; decrepit.
	[of people] languid, poor, infirm; faint, faintish[obs3]; sickly &c. (disease) 655; dull, slack, evanid[obs1], spent, short-winded, effete.
	{{similar_to(deteriorated, R659)}} weather-beaten; decayed, rotten, worn, seedy, languishing, wasted, washy, laid low, pulled down, the worse for wear.
	unstrengthened &c. 159[obs3], unsupported, unaided, unassisted; aidless[obs3], defenseless &c. 158; cantilevered (support) 215.
	on its last legs; weak as a child, weak as a baby, weak as a chicken, weak as a cat, weak as a rat; weak as water, weak as water gruel, weak as gingerbread, weak as milk and water; colorless &c. 429.
	Phr. non sum qualis eram[Lat].

A7.4. POWER IN OPERATION...R161 to R162..
<---   	161.	Production			162. Destruction  -->

	#161. Production.-- N. {{antonym: destruction. R162}} {{causes: existence, R1}} {{performed_by: producer, R164, P2.3.2.3.2.4.32}}.
	production, creation, formation, generation.
	fabrication, manufacture, manufacturing.
	building, construction, erection, edification; architecture.
	coinage; diaster[obs3].
	organization; nisus formativus[Lat]; putting together &c. v.; establishment.
	{{requires}} work, workmanship, performance; effort, R686; achievement &c. (completion) 729.
	flowering, fructification; inflorescence.
	fabric.
	{{produces(flowering)}} flower.
	{{produces(fructification)}} fruit.
	{{has_metaphor(product; result): flower; fruit}}.
	[of people] bringing forth &c. v.: parturition, birth, birth-throe, childbirth, delivery, confinement, accouchement, travail, labor, midwifery, obstetrics; geniture[obs3].
	[of animals] gestation &c. (maturation) 673.
	assimilation; evolution, development, growth; entelechy[Phil]; fertilization, gemination, germination, heterogamy[Biol], genesis, generation, epigenesis[obs3], procreation, progeneration[obs3], propagation; fecundation, impregnation.
	[of life forms] spontaneous generation; archegenesis[obs3], archebiosis[obs3]; biogenesis, abiogenesis[obs3], digenesis[obs3], dysmerogenesis[obs3], eumerogenesis[obs3], heterogenesis[obs3], oogenesis, merogenesis[obs3], metogenesis[obs3], monogenesis[obs3], parthenogenesis, homogenesis[obs3], xenogenesis1[obs3]; authorship, publication; works, opus,  oeuvre.
	biogeny[obs3], dissogeny[obs3], xenogeny[obs3]; tocogony[obs3], vacuolization.
	{{has_product(construction)}} edifice, building, structure, erection, pile, tower.
	[ref: albumen &c. 357].
	V. produce, perform, operate, do, make, gar, form, construct, fabricate, frame, contrive, manufacture; weave, forge, coin, carve, chisel; build, raise, edify, rear, erect, put together, set up, run up; establish, constitute, compose, organize, institute; achieve, accomplish &c. (complete) 729.
	{{has_metaphor}} flower, bear fruit, fructify.
	teem, ean[obs3], yean[obs3], farrow, drop, pup, kitten, kindle; bear, lay, whelp, bring forth, give birth to, lie in, be brought to bed of, evolve, pullulate, usher into the world.
	make productive &c. 168.
	[cause to exist] create; beget, get, generate, fecundate, impregnate; procreate, progenerate[obs3], propagate; engender; bring into being, call into being, bring into existence, actualize; breed, hatch, develop, bring up.
	induce, superinduce; suscitate[obs1]; cause &c. 153; acquire &c. 775.
	Adj. produced, producing &c. v.; productive of; prolific &c. 168; creative; formative, genetic, genial, genital; pregnant; enceinte, big with, fraught with; in the family way, teeming, parturient, in the straw, brought to bed of; puerperal, puerperous[obs3].
	digenetic[obs3], heterogenetic[obs3], oogenetic, xenogenetic[obs3]; ectogenous[obs3], gamic[obs3], haematobious[obs3], sporogenous[Biol], sporophorous[Biol].
	architectonic.
	Phr. ex nihilo nihil[Lat]; fiat lux[Lat]; materiam superabat opus [Lat][Ovid]; nemo dat quod non habet [Latin].

	#162. [Nonproduction.] Destruction.-- N. {{antonym: production, R161}} {{causes: nonexistence, R2}} {{performed_by: destroyer, R165, P2.3.2.3.2.4.33}}.
	destruction; waste, dissolution, breaking up, liquidation; diruption[obs3], disruption; disorganization.
	fall, downfall, devastation, ruin, ruination, perdition, crash; eboulement[French], smash, havoc, delabrement[French], debacle; break down, break up, fall apart.
	prostration.
	desolation, bouleversement[Fr], cataclysm; washout.
	wreck, wrack, shipwreck, sinking.
	extinction, annihilation.
	destruction of life &c. 361; knock-down blow; doom, crack of doom.
	consumption, depletion.
	[partial destruction]{{has_low_level: deterioration, R659}}.
	destroying &c. v.; demolition, demolishment; overthrow, subversion, suppression; abolition &c. (abrogation) 756; biblioclasm[obs3]; sacrifice; ravage, razzia[obs3]; inactivation; incendiarism; revolution &c. 146; extirpation &c. (extraction) 301; beginning of the end, commencement de la fin[French], road to ruin; dilapidation &c. (deterioration) 659; sabotage.
	V. be destroyed &c.; perish; fall to the ground; tumble, topple; go to pieces, fall to pieces; break up, liquidate; crumble to dust; go to the dogs, go to the wall, go to smash, go to shivers, go to wreck, go to pot, go to wrack and ruin; go by the board, go all to smash; be all over, be all up, be all with; totter to its fall.
	destroy; do away with, make away with; nullify; annual &c. 756; sacrifice, demolish; tear up; overturn, overthrow, overwhelm; upset, subvert, put an end to; seal the doom of, do in, do for, dish*, undo; break up, cut up; break down, cut down, pull down, mow down, blow down, beat down; suppress, quash, put down, do a job on; cut short, take off, blot out; dispel, dissipate, dissolve; consume.
	smash, crash, quell, squash, squelch, crumple up, shatter, shiver; batter to pieces, tear to pieces, crush to pieces, cut to pieces, shake to pieces, pull to pieces, pick to pieces; laniate[obs3]; nip; tear to rags, tear to tatters; crush to atoms, knock to atoms; ruin; strike out; throw over, knock down over; fell, sink, swamp, scuttle, wreck, shipwreck, engulf, ingulf[obs3], submerge; lay in ashes, lay in ruins; sweep away, erase, wipe out, expunge, raze; level with the dust, level with the ground; waste; atomize, vaporize.
	deal destruction, desolate, devastate, lay waste, ravage gut; disorganize; dismantle &c. (render useless) 645; devour, swallow up, sap, mine, blast, bomb, blow to smithereens, drop the big one, confound; exterminate, extinguish, quench, annihilate; snuff out, put out, stamp out, trample out; lay in the dust, trample in the dust; prostrate; tread under foot; crush under foot, trample under foot; lay the ax to the root of; make short work of, make clean sweep of, make mincemeat of; cut up root and branch, chop into pieces, cut into ribbons; fling to the winds, scatter to the winds; throw overboard; strike at the root of, sap the foundations of, spring a mine, blow up, ravage with fire and sword; cast to the dogs; eradicate &c. 301.
	Adj. destroyed &c. v.; perishing &c. v.; trembling to its fall, nodding to its fall, tottering to its fall; in course of destruction &c. n.; extinct.
	all-destroying, all-devouring, all-engulfing.
	destructive, subversive, ruinous, devastating; incendiary, deletory[obs1]; destroying &c. n. suicidal; deadly &c. (killing) 361.
	{partly destroyed: damaged, R659}.
	beyond repair; out of action, hors de combat[Fr].
	[colloquial] smashed to smithereens.
	[vulgar] fucked up; FUBAR, fucked up beyond all repair.
	Adv. with crushing effect, with a sledge hammer.
	Phr. delenda est Carthago[Lat]; dum Roma deliberat Saguntum perit [Lat]; ecrasez l'infame [Fr][Voltaire].

<--
(163,166,167 to P2.3.2.1 - vitality generally)
Note:  164.  Producerand       165. Destroyer to person  
		168.	Productiveness			169.	Unproductiveness
		170.	Agency	
		171.	Energy				172.	Inertness
		173.	Violence				174.	Moderation
-->

	#168. Productiveness -- N. productivity; productiveness &c. adj..
	[of commercial activity] profitability.
	[of animals] fecundity, fertility, luxuriance, uberty[obs1].
	[of animals] pregnancy, pullulation, fructification, multiplication, propagation, procreation; superfetation.
	{{has_metaphor}} milch cow, rabbit, hydra, warren, seed plot, land flowing with milk and honey; fertile ground.
	{{has_manifestation}} second crop, aftermath; aftercrop, aftergrowth[obs3]; arrish[obs3], eddish[obs3], rowen[obs3].
	{{caused_by}} protoplasm; fertilization.
	V. make -productive &c. adj.; fructify.
	[of animals] procreate, generate, fertilize, spermative[obs3], impregnate; fecundate, fecundify[obs3]; teem, multiply; produce &c. 161; conceive.
	Adj. productive; prolific.
	[of commercial activity] profitable.
	[of living things] prolific; teeming, teemful[obs3]; fertile, fruitful, frugiferous[obs3], fruit-bearing; fecund, luxuriant; pregnant, uberous[obs3].
	[of soil] fertile.
	[of living things] procreant[obs3], procreative; generative, life-giving, spermatic; multiparous; omnific[obs3], propagable.
	parturient &c. (producing) 161; profitable &c. (useful) 644.

	#169. Unproductiveness.-- N. unproductiveness &c. adj.; infertility, sterility, infecundity[obs3]; masturbation; impotence &c. 158; unprofitableness &c. (inutility) 645.
	{has_metaphor}} waste, wasteland, desert, Sahara, wild, wilderness, howling wilderness.
	V. be - unproductive &c. adj..
	{{has_metaphor}} hang fire, flash in the pan, come to nothing.
	[make unproductive] sterilize, addle; disable, inactivate.
	Adj. unproductive, acarpous[obs3], inoperative, barren, addled, infertile, unfertile, unprolific[obs3], arid, sterile, unfruitful, infecund[obs3]; sine prole; fallow.
	[of living things] teemless[obs3], issueless[obs3], fruitless; unprofitable &c. (useless) 645; null and void, of no effect.

<-- agency here is general property of acting, not acting on someone else's behalf.  For the latter see deputy, R759 -->
	#170. Agency.-- N. {{has_property(agent, R690, P2.3.2.3.2.5.1)}}.
	agency, operation, force, working, strain, function, office, maintenance, exercise, work, swing, play; interworking[obs3], interaction; procurement.
	causation &c. 153; instrumentality &c. 631; influence &c. 175; action &c. (voluntary) 680; modus operandi &c. 627.
	quickening power, maintaining power, sustaining power; home stroke.
	V. be -in action &c. adj.; operate, work; act, act upon; perform, play, support, sustain, strain, maintain, take effect, quicken, strike.
	come play, come bring into operation; have play, have free play; bring to bear upon.
	Adj. operative, efficient, efficacious, practical, effectual.
	at work, on foot; acting &c. (doing) 680; in operation, in force, in action, in play, in exercise; acted upon, wrought upon.
	Adv. by the -agency &c. n.- of; through &c. (instrumentality) 631; by means of &c. 632.
	Phr. "I myself must mix with action lest I wither by despair" [Tennyson].

<-- physical energy perhaps should be included under physics?? -->
	#171. Physical Energy.-- N. energy, physical energy, force, power &c. 157; keenness &c. adj.; intensity, vigor, strength, elasticity; go; high pressure; fire; rush.
	acrimony, acridness, acritude[obs3]; causticity[obs3], virulence; poignancy; harshness &c. adj.; severity, edge, point; pungency &c. 392.
	{{property_of(pungency)}} cantharides; seasoning &c. (condiment) 393.
	activity, agitation, effervescence; ferment, fermentation; ebullition, splutter, perturbation, stir, bustle.
	voluntary energy &c. R682.
	{{similar_to: physical power, R157a, @P2.6.1 Physics}}.
	{{has_metaphor}}  quicksilver.
	resolution &c. (mental energy) 604; exertion &c. (effort) 686; excitation &c. (mental) 824.
	activation, energizing.
	V. give -energy &c. n.; energize, stimulate, activate, turn on, kindle, excite, exert; sharpen, intensify.
	ignite, inflame &c. (render violent) 173; wind up &c. (strengthen) 159.
	strike home, into home, hard home; make an impression.
	Adj. strong, energetic, forcible, active; intense, deep-dyed, severe, keen, vivid, sharp, acute, incisive, trenchant, brisk.
	rousing, irritation; poignant; virulent, caustic, corrosive, mordant, harsh, stringent; double-edged, double-shotted[obs3], double-distilled; drastic, escharotic[obs1]; racy &c. (pungent) 392.
	potent &c. (powerful) 157; radioactive.
	Adv. strongly &c. adj.; fortiter in re[Lat]; with telling effect.
	Phr. the steam is up; vires acquirit eundo[Lat]; "the race by vigor not by vaunts is won" [Pope].

<-- break down inertness into physical, mental, chemical? -->
	#172. Physical Inertness.-- N. inertness, dullness &c. adj.; inertia, vis inertiae[Latin], inertion[obs3], inactivity, torpor, languor; latency, inaction; passivity.
	mental inertness; sloth &c. (inactivity) 683; inexcitability[obs3] &c. 826; irresolution &c. 605; obstinacy &c. 606; permanence &c. 141.
	{{property_of: rare gas, paraffin, noble metal}}.
	{[in_subject(chemistry)]} unreactivity.
	{{similar_to: immobility, quiescence, R265}}.
	V. be -inert &c. adj.; hang fire, smolder.
	Adj. inert, inactive, passive; torpid &c. 683; sluggish, dull, heavy, flat, slack, tame, slow, blunt.
	{{similar_to: immobile, quiescent, R265}}.
	unresponsive, unreactive; lifeless, dead, uninfluential[obs3].
	latent, dormant, smoldering, unexerted[obs3].
	{[in_subject(chemistry)]} unreactive, inert.
	Adv. inactively &c. adj.; in suspense, in abeyance.

<-- separate force from violence? -->
	#173. Violence.-- N. violence, vehemence, might, impetuosity; turbulence; roughness.
	{{similar_to: uncontrollability, R173a}}.
	severity &c. 739; ferocity, rage, fury.
	boisterousness &c. adj.; uproar, callithump [obs3][U. S.], riot, row, rumpus, le diable a quatre[Fr], devil to pay, all the fat in the fire.
	fit, paroxysm; outrage; coup de main; spasm, convulsion, throe.
	strain, shock, shog[obs3].
	outbreak, outburst; debacle[obs2]; burst, bounce, dissilience[obs3].
	{{in_subject(explosives)}} discharge, volley, explosion, blow up, blast, detonation.
	rush, eruption, displosion[obs1], inclemency, torrent.
	turmoil &c. (disorder) 59.
	{{has_low_intensity: effervescence, ebullition, ferment &c. (agitation) R315}}.
	{{property_of}} storm, tempest, rough weather; squall &c. (wind) 349; earthquake, volcano, thunderstorm.
	{{trait_of:  maniac, berserker, tiger, fury, P2.3.2.3.2.4.25}}.
	{[in_activity(sexual intercourse)]} orgasm, climax, aphrodisia[obs3].
	{{used_in: compulsion, force, brute force, R744}}.
	V. be -violent &c. adj.; run high; ferment, effervesce; rage, romp, rampage, go on a rampage, roar.
	run wild, run amuck, run riot; break the peace; rush, tear; rush headlong, rush foremost, roar off; raise a storm, make a riot;  rough house*;  riot, storm; wreak, bear down, ride roughshod, out Herod, Herod; spread like wildfire.
	break out, fly out, burst out; bounce, explode, go off, displode[obs1], fly, detonate, thunder, blow up, crump[obs3], flash, flare, burst.
	shock, strain.
	break open, force open, pry open, prize open.
	render violent &c. adj.; sharpen, stir up, quicken, stimulate, turn on; inflame, kindle, suscitate[obs1], foment; fan the flame; add fuel to the flame, pour oil on the fire, oleum addere camino[Lat].
	{[with_object(person)]} [render violent] excite, incite,  lash; convulse, infuriate, madden, lash into fury.
	{[with_object(person)]} {{has_low_intensity}} [render violent] annoy, urge.
	irritate, accelerate, aggravate, exasperate, exacerbate.
	explode; let fly, fly off; discharge, detonate, set off, detonize[obs3], fulminate.
	Adj. violent, vehement; warm; acute, sharp; rough, rude, ungentle, bluff, boisterous, wild; brusque, abrupt, waspish; impetuous; rampant.
	turbulent; disorderly; blustering, raging &c. v.; troublous[obs3], riotous; tumultuary[obs3], tumultuous; obstreperous, uproarious; frenzied &c. (insane) 503. desperate &c. (rash) 863; infuriate, furious, outrageous, frantic, hysteric, in hysterics.
	fiery, flaming, scorching, hot, red-hot, ebullient.
	savage, fierce, ferocious, fierce as a tiger.
	orgastic, orgasmatic, orgasmic.
	spasmodic, convulsive, explosive; detonating &c. v.; volcanic, meteoric; stormy &c. (wind) 349.
	{[when_modifying(fire)]} roaring.
	Adv. violently &c. adj.; amain[obs3]; by storm, by force, by main force; with might and main; tooth and nail, vi et armis[Lat], at the point of the sword, at the point of the bayonet; at one fell swoop; with a high hand, through thick and thin; in desperation, with a vengeance; a outrance[obs3], a toute outrance[Fr]; headlong, head foremost.
	Phr. furor arma ministrat[Lat]; "blown with restless violence round about the pendent world" [Measure for Measure].

	#173a.  Uncontrollability. -- N.
	exacerbation, exasperation, malignity.
	hysterics, bluster, passion &c. (state of excitability) R825.
	chain reaction.
	{{has_subtype(chain reaction)}} excursion, nuclear excursion.
	{{similar_to: violence, R173}}.
	V.  go out of control, fly out of control.
	{[with_subject(person)]} [shout or act in anger at something] explode, make a row, kick up a row; boil, boil over; fume, foam, come on like a lion, bluster, rage, roar, fly off the handle, go bananas, go ape, blow one's top, blow one's cool, flip one's lid, hit the ceiling, hit the roof; fly into a rage (anger) 900.
	Adj. extravagant; unmitigated; ravening, inextinguishable, tameless.
	{[when_modifying(person)]} excited &c. v.; out of control, uncontrollable, incontrollable[obs3]; insuppressible, irrepressible; unquelled[obs3], unquenched, unextinguished[obs3], unrepressed, unbridled, unruly; headstrong, ungovernable, unappeasable, immitigable, unmitigable[obs3].

	#174. Moderation.-- N. moderation, lenity &c. 740; temperateness, gentleness &c. adj.; sobriety; quiet; mental calmness &c. (inexcitability) 826.
	moderating &c. v.; anaphrodisia[obs3]; relaxation, remission, mitigation, tranquilization[obs3], assuagement, contemporation[obs3], pacification.
	wet blanket; palliative.
	{{has_metaphor; wet blanket}}.
	measure, juste milieu[Fr], golden mean, <gr/ariston metron/gr>.
.
<-- 1-29-92 note that these physical objects are left here(temporarily?), with pointers to the physobj supertypes -->
	moderator; lullaby; pacifier.
	{{function_of}} {{has_subtype(medicament)}} sedative, lenitive, demulcent, antispasmodic, carminative, laudanum; rose water, balm, poppy, opiate, anodyne, milk, opium, "poppy or mandragora".
	{{has_subtype(sedative)}} tranquilizer; barbiturate; sleeping pill; downer[coll.].
	V. be -moderate &c. adj.; keep within bounds, keep within compass; sober down, settle down; keep the peace, remit, relent, take in sail.
	moderate, soften, mitigate, temper, accoy[obs1]; attemper[obs3], contemper[obs3]; mollify, lenify[obs3], dulcify[obs3], dull, take off the edge, blunt, obtund[obs3], sheathe, subdue, chasten; sober down, tone down, smooth down; weaken &c. 160; lessen &c. (decrease) 36; check, palliate.
	rock to sleep.
	tranquilize, pacify, assuage, appease, swag, lull, soothe, compose, still, calm, calm down, cool, quiet, hush, quell, suppress, sober, tame, damp, lay, allay, rebate, abate, slacken, smooth, alleviate, deaden, smooth, throw cold water on, throw a wet blanket over, turn off; slake; curb &c. (restrain) 751; tame &c. (subjugate) 749; smooth over.
	{{has_metaphor}} pour oil on the waves, pour oil on the troubled waters; pour balm into, mattre de l'eau dans son vin[Fr].
	go out like a lamb, "roar you as gently as any sucking dove," [Midsummer-Night's Dream].
	Adj. moderate; lenient &c. 740; gentle, mild, mellow; cool, sober, temperate, reasonable, measured; calm, unruffled, quiet, tranquil, still; slow, smooth, untroubled; tame; peaceful, peaceable; pacific, halcyon.
	tempered &c. v..
	unexciting, unirritating[obs3]; soft, bland, oily, demulcent, lenitive, anodyne; hypnotic &c. 683; sedative; antiorgastic[obs3], anaphrodisiac[obs3].
	mild as mother's milk; milk and water.
	Adv. moderately &c. adj.; gingerly; piano; under easy sail, at half speed; within bounds, within compass; in reason.
	Phr. est modue in rebus[Lat]; pour oil on troubled waters.

A7.5  INDIRECT POWER...R175 to R177     [[control]]
<--   	175. Influence				175a. Absence of Influence
		176. Tendency	
		177. Liability
-->
<-- && valve, spigot, faucet have_property = control -->
<-- influence has to be distinguished betweeen physical and mental -->
	#175. Influence.-- N. influence, pull[coll.]; effect; importance &c. 642; weight, pressure.
	{{has_high_level}} control, controlling influence, regulation, domination, dominion; governance, government, dominance, reign; preponderance, prevalence, sway; predominance, predominancy[obs3]; ascendency[obs3].
	{{has_method}} {{has_subtype(communication)}} suggestion; inducement; persuasion; bribe; threat; praise; criticism.
	{{assessed_by}} sphere of influence; range; area under control, territory.
	{{property_of}} control point, choke point.
	{[in_frame(society): authority, prestige &c. 737]} protection, patronage, auspices.
	capability &c. (power) 157; effect &c. 154; interest.
	synergy (cooperation) 709.
	{{has_metaphor}} tower of strength, host in himself.
	{{has_method}} footing; purchase &c. (support) 215; play, leverage, vantage ground.
	{{has_metaphor}} wire-pulling, pulling strings; power behind the throne, grey eminence, eminence grise.
	{[in_frame(legislation/government)]} lobbying.
	{{performed_by(lobbying): lobbyist}}.
	{{function_of}} regulator.
	{{has_subtype: tendency, R176}}.
	V. influence, affect, exert influence on; have -influence &c. n.; be -influential &c. adj.; carry weight, weigh, tell; have a hold upon, magnetize, bear upon, gain a footing, work upon; take root, take hold; strike root in.
	run through, pervade; prevail, dominate, predominate; outweigh, overweigh; override, overbear; gain head; rage; be -rife &c. adj.; spread like wildfire; have the upper hand, get the upper hand, gain the upper hand, have full play, get full play, gain full play.
	control, govern; regulate.
	be recognized, be listened to; make one's voice heard, gain a hearing, weigh in; play a part, play a leading part, play a leading part in; take the lead, pull the strings; turn the scale, throw one's weight around, throw one's weight into the scale, tilt the balance; set the fashion, lead the dance; call the tune.
	Adj. influential, effective; important &c. 642; weighty, telling.
	controlling, prevailing &c. v.; prevalent, rife, rampant.
	dominant, regnant, predominant, in the ascendant, hegemonical[obs3].
	Adv. with telling effect.
	Phr. tel maure tel valet[Fr].

	#175a. Absence of Influence.-- N. impotence &c. 158; powerlessness; inertness &c. 172; irrelevancy &c. 10.
	{{trait_of: wimp, P2.3.2.3.2.4.23}}.
	V. have no -influence &c. 175.
	Adj. uninfluential, ineffective, ineffectual; inconsequential, nugatory; unconducing, unconducive, unconducting to[obs3].
	impotent, powerless &c. 158; irrelevant &c. 10.

<-- many of these words apply to people, and should be under traits, but enough are of general meaning to be included here -->
	#176. Tendency.-- N. {{has_subtype(influence)}}.
	tendency, proneness, proclivity, bent, turn, tone, bias, prejudice, set, leaning to, predisposition, inclination, propensity, susceptibility; aptness, aptitude; cast, vein, grain; humor, mood.
	{{conceptual_part_of}} quality, nature, temperament; idiocrasy[obs3], idiosyncrasy.
	{{similar_to}} drift &c. (direction) 278.
	{{similar_to}} conatus[Lat], nisus[Lat]; liability &c. 177.
	{{caused_by}} conduciveness, conducement[obs3].
	applicability &c. (utility) 644; subservience &c. (instrumentality) 631.
	V. tend, contribute, conduce, lead, dispose, incline, verge, bend to, trend, affect, carry, redound to, bid fair to, gravitate towards.
	promote &c. (aid) 707.
	Adj. tending &c. v.; conducive, working towards, in a fair way to, calculated to; liable &c. 177; subservient &c. (instrumental) 631; useful &c. 644; subsidiary &c. (helping) 707.
	Adv. for, whither.

<-- ability to be influenced by something -->
	#177. Liability.-- N. liability, liableness[obs3]; possibility, contingency.
	susceptibility, sensitivity, sensitiveness, susceptivity[obs3]; exposure.
	{{has_subtype: P2.2.1.2,  instability, physical susceptibility}}.
	{{has_conceptual_part: possibility, R470; probability, R472}}.
	{{has_conceptual_part: change, R140}}.
	V. be -liable &c. adj.; incur, lay oneself open to; run the chance, stand a chance; lie under, expose oneself to, open a door to.
	Adj. liable, subject; in danger &c. 665; open, open to, exposed to, obnoxious to[obs2]; answerable; not exempt from, unexempt from[obs3]; apt to; dependent on; incident to.
	contingent, incidental, possible, in the cards, on the cards, within range of, at the mercy of.

A7.6  COMBINATIONS OF CAUSES....R178 to R179
<---      178. Concurrence  			179. Counteraction
-->
	#178. Concurrence.-- N. concurrence, coincidence, conjunction; cooperation, cooperativity, coagency[obs3];  union; agreement &c. 23; consilience[obs3]; consent, coincidence  &c. (assent) 488; alliance.
	common cause.
	{{similar_to: cooperation, concert, additivity, synergy &c. 709}}.
	{{similar_to: joining, &c. 43}}.
	{{similar_to: combination &c. 48}}.
	[ref: partnership &c. (party) 712, @P2.3.2.3.1.5   Human groups].
	V. concur, conjoin, conduce, conspire, contribute; agree, unite; hang together, pull together, join forces, make common cause &c. (cooperate) 709; help to &c. (aid) 707.
	keep pace with, run parallel; go with, go along with, go hand in hand with, coincide.
	Adj. concurring &c. v.; concurrent, in alliance with, banded together, of one mind, at one with, coinciding.
	Adv. with one consent.

<-- we want the general concept of antagonism located here, but the specific human actions related to competition to be at  R720 and opposition at R708.  Roget refers to the R708 entry as "voluntary opposition ".
	The difference between contrariety R14, and antagonism is that contrariety is a property of the two things which are antagonistic, and therefore is listed here as a cause of antagonism.  When antagonism is a visible result, it can also be said to be a manifestation of contrariety.
-->
	#179. Counteraction.-- N. counteraction, antagonism, opposition; clashing &c. v.; collision, interference, inhibition,  resistance, renitency, friction; reaction.
	{{&manifestation_of: contrariety, polarity, R14}}.
	{{&caused_by: contrariety, polarity, R14}}.
	retroaction &c. (recoil) 277; counterblast; neutralization &c. (compensation) 30; vis inertiae[Lat].
	{{has_subtype(resistance): voluntary resistance &c. 719}}.
	repression &c. (restraint) 751.
	opposites, action and reaction, yang and yin, yang-yin (contrariety) 14.
	{[in_subject(biochemistry/enzymology)]} inhibition, antagonism; competitive inhibition; non-competitive inhibition; uncompetitive inhibition.
	{[in_subject(biochemistry/enzymology)]} {{property_of(inhibition): inhibitor, antagonist}}.
	{{has_subtype: opposition, voluntary opposition, R708, @M8.2  Antagonism}}.
	{[in_subject(medicine)]} {{property_of}} antidote; remedy; antacid.
	{[in_subject(chemistry)]} {{property_of}} buffer, neutralizer.
	{{has_subtype: competition, R720}}.
	{{&has_conceptual_part: check  &c. (hindrance) 706}}.
	{{&has_conceptual_part(plan)}} {{has_subtype(counteraction)}} countermeasure, counterblow, counterattack.
	V. counteract; run counter, clash, cross; interfere with, conflict with; contravene; jostle; go against, run against, beat against, militate against; stultify; antagonize, block, oppose &c. 708; traverse; withstand &c. (resist) 719; hinder &c. 706; repress &c. (restrain) 751; react &c. (recoil) 277.
	undo, neutralize; counterpoise &c. (compensate) 30; overpoise[obs3].
	Adj. counteracting &c. v.; antagonistic, conflicting, retroactive, renitent, reactionary; contrary &c. 14.
	Adv. although &c. 30; in spite of &c. 708; against.
	Phr. "for every action there is a reaction, equal in force and opposite in direction" [Newton].

<--
		------------------------------------------
			[End of Abstract Relations]

 ===============  P = PHYSICAL UNIVERSE  =============================
-->
P.  Physical Universe
P1. Dimensions of existence of matter
P1.1  Time	(R106 to R139)
P1.1.1  ABSOLUTE  TIME   ....R106 to R115
<--  	106.	     Time				107. Neverness

		         Definite		       Indefinite
		108.	Period			109. Course
          108a. Contingent Duration
		110. Diuturnity		111. Transientness
		112. Perpetuity		113.	Instantaneity
		114. Chronometry		115.	Anachronism
-->[[time]]
<-- time in the abstract, point in time and time interval are intertwined here -->
	#106. Time. -- N. time, duration; period, term, stage, space, span, spell, season.
	the whole time, the whole period; space-time; course &c. 109.
	snap.
	interval, intermediate time, while, interim, pendency[obs3]; intervention, intermission, intermittence, interregnum, interlude; meantime, meanwhile.
	{{has_subtype(cessation, R142)}} {{has_subtype(interval): pause, respite &c. R142}}.
	era, epoch; time of life, age, year, date; decade &c. (period) 108; moment, &c. (instant) 113.
	{{has_units: period, R108}}.
	{{has_metaphor}} glass of time, sands of time, march of time, Father Time, ravages of time; arrow of time; river of time,  whirligig of time, noiseless foot of time; scythe; hourglass.
	V. continue last endure, go on, remain, persist; intervene; elapse &c. 109; hold out.
	take time, take up time, fill time, occupy time.
	pass time, pass away time, spend time, while away time, consume time, talk against time; tide over; use time, employ time; seize an opportunity &c. 134; waste time &c. (be inactive) 683.
	Adj. continuing &c. v.; on foot; permanent &c. (durable) 110
	Adv. while, whilst, during, pending; during the time, during the interval; in the course of.
	then, at that point, at that point in time.
	in the time of, when.
	meantime, meanwhile; in the meantime, in the interim; for the time being, between now and then; ad interim, pendente lite[Lat]; de die in diem[Lat].
	from day to day, day by day; from  hour to hour &c.; hourly, always; for a time, for a season.
	till, until, up to, till then
	yet, as far as, by that time, so far, hereunto, heretofore, prior to this, up to this point.
	the whole time, all the time; all along; throughout &c. (completely) 52; for good &c. (diuturnity)[obs3] R110.
	hereupon, thereupon, whereupon; then; anno Domini; A.D.; ante Christum; A.C.; before Christ; B.C.; anno urbis conditae[Lat]; A.U.C.; anno regni[Lat]; A.R.; once upon a time, one fine morning, one fine day, one day, once.
	Phr. time flies, tempus fugit [Lat.]; time runs out, time runs against, race against time, racing the clock, time marches on, time is of the essence; "time and tide wait for no man".
	ad calendas Groecas[Lat]; "panting Time toileth after him in vain" [Johnson]; "'gainst the tooth of time and razure of oblivion "[Measure for Measure];  " rich with the spoils of time" [Gray]; tempus edax rerum [Lat][Horace]; "the long hours come and go" [C.G. Rossetti]; "the time is out of joint" [Hamlet]; "Time rolls his ceaseless course" [Scott]; "Time the foe of man's dominion" [Peacock]; "time wasted is existence, used is life" [Young]; truditur dies die [Lat][Horace]; volat hora per orbem [Lat][Lucretius]. ; carpe diem[Lat: seize the day].

<-- shift includes the concept R108a (Contingent Duration.-- Adv. during pleasure,) from the 1911 Roget -->
	#106a. Shift. [work period] -- N. {{has_subtype(interval, @R106)}}.
	{{has_temporal_part(employment, work)}} shift, duty.
	{{property_of(alternation)}} turn; round.
	tenure.
	{{has_subtype(shift)}} {{property_of(alternation)}} split shift; swing shift; night shift; day shift.
	{{has_subtype(duty)}} guard duty.
	{{has_temporal_part(guard duty)}} watch.
	{[in_frame(military)]} hitch, enistment; tour of duty.
	V. take one's turn, work a shift; be on duty.
	spell one.
	Adj.  on duty, on.
	{{antonym(on duty)}} off duty, off.
	Adv.  during pleasure, during good behavior; quamdiu se bene gesserit[Latin].

	#107. Neverness. -- N. "neverness", timelessness; absence of time, no time; dies non; Tib's eve; Greek Kalends, a blue moon.
	Adj.  timeless.
	[ref: eternal].
	Adv. never, ne'er[contr]; at no time, at no period.
	{{has_metaphor}} on the second Tuesday of the week, a cold day in Hell, when Hell freezes over.
	on no occasion, never in all one's born days, nevermore; in no degree.
	{[in_frame(parliamentary procedure)]} without date, sine die.

	#108. [Definite duration, or portion of time.] Period. -- N. {{has_units(time, R106)}} {{has_subtype(interval)}}.
	period, time interval, interval of time; unit of time.
	{{has_large_quantity(time)}}{{has_temporal_part(the past, R122)}} age, era.
	{{has_large_quantity(time)}} eon; epoch; cycle.
	{{measures(chronometer, clock, &c. P2.3.1.3.12.3.4)}} {{has_small_quantity(time)}} second; millisecond; microsecond; nanosecond, picosecond, femtosecond.
	{{measures(chronometer, clock, &c. P2.3.1.3.12.3.4)}} minute; hour.
	day; week; month, calendar month.
	lunation[obs3], moon, lunar month.
	{{has_large_quantity(time)}} season; quarter.
	{{has_large_quantity(time)}} year; fiscal year.
	{{has_large_quantity(time)}} decade, decenniumm; lustrum[obs3]; quinquennium; lifetime, generation; ghurry[obs3].
	{{has_large_quantity(time)}} century, millennium; annus magnus[Lat].
	{{has_instance(age)}} prehistory, prehistoric times.
	{{has_instance(season)}} winter; spring; summer; fall, autumn.
	{{has_temporal_part(prehistory)}} stone age; iron age; bronze age.
	{{has_instance(age)}} Golden Age; middle ages, dark ages, medeival times; the rennaissance, the Italian renaissance; the enlightenment; the Age of Reason.
	Adj. horary[obs3]; hourly, annual &c. (periodical) 138.

	#109. [Indefinite duration.] Course. -- N. corridors of time, sweep of time, vesta of time[obs3], course of time, progress of time, process of time, succession of time, lapse of time, flow of time, flux of time, stream of time, tract of time, current of time, tide of time, march of time, step of time, flight of time; duration &c. 106.
	[Indefinite time] aorist.
	V. elapse, lapse, flow, run, proceed, advance, pass; roll on, wear on, press on; flit, fly, slip, slide, glide; run its course.
	out; expire; go by, pass by; be -past &c. 122.
	Adj. elapsing &c. v.; aoristic, aorist; progressive.
	Adv. in due time, in due  season; in in due course, in due process, in the fullness of time; in time.
	Phr. labitur et labetur [Lat][Horace]; truditur dies die [Lat][Horace]; fugaces labuntur anni [Lat][Horace]; "tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow creeps in this petty pace from day to day" [Macbeth].

	#110. [Long duration.] Longevity. -- N. longevity, diuturnity[obs3]; a long time, a length of time; an age, a century, an eternity; slowness &c. 275; perpetuity &c. 112.
	durableness, durability; persistence, endlessness, lastingness &c. adj.[obs3].
	{{property_of(continuity, R69)}} continuance, standing.
	permanence &c. (stability) 150.
	survival, survivance[obs3]; longevity &c. (age) 128; distance of time.
	protraction of time, prolongation of time, extension of time; delay &c. (lateness) 133.
	{{has_metaphor}} blue moon, coon's age [U.S.], dog's age.
	{{&caused_by}} steadfastness, stubbornness.
	{{has_high_intensity: perpetuity &c. R112}}.
	V. last, endure, stand, stay, remain, abide, continue, brave a thousand years.
	linger, tarry &c. (be late) 133; drag on, drag its slow length along, drag a lengthening chain.
	protract, prolong, extend; spin out, eke out, draw out, drag out, lengthen out, stretch out.
	temporize; gain time, make time, talk against time.
	{{similar_to(exceed, R33)}} {{result_of(remainder, R40)}} outlast, outlive; survive; live to fight again.
	{{similar_to}} go the distance, complete the course.
	Adj. durable; lasting &c. v.; of long duration, of long-standing; chronic, long-standing; intransient[obs3], intransitive; intransmutable[obs3], persistent.
	{[when_modifying(living thing)]} lifelong, livelong; longeval[obs3], long-lived, macrobiotic, diuturnal[obs3].
	{[when_modifying(plant)]} evergreen, perennial; sempervirent[obs3], sempervirid[obs3].
	{{property_of(continuity, R69)}} unrelenting, unintermitting[obs3], unremitting.
	lingering, protracted, prolonged, spun out, dragged out  &c. v. long-pending, long-winded; slow &c. 275.
	{{has_high_intensity: perpetual &c. 112}} permanent, endless.
	Adv. long; for a long time, for an age, for ages, for ever so long, for many a long day; long ago &c. (in a past time) 122; longo intervallo[It].
	all the day long, all the year round; the livelong day, as the day is long, morning noon and night; hour after hour, day after day, &c.; for good; permanently &c. adj.

	#111. [Short duration.] Transience. -- N. {{has_property(instant, @R113)}}.
	transience, brevity, temporariness, transientness[obs3] &c. adj.; evanescence, impermanence, fugacity[Chem], caducity[obs3], span.
	{{property_of}} {{has_metaphor}} spurt, flash, burst.
	temporary arrangement, interregnum.
	mortality, short life.
	{{has_metaphor}} Mayfly; nine days' wonder, bubble; flash in the pan.
	[ref: velocity &c. 274].
	{{property_of}} ephemeron, ephemera[Pl].
	{{similar_to: suddenness &c. R113}}.
	[ref: changeableness &c. 149].
	{{trait_of: nomad; transient, transient boarder, transient guest P2.3.2.3.2.4.26}}.
	{{caused_by: instability, R149, @P2.2.1. PROPERTIES OF matter}}.
	V. be transient &c. adj.; flit, pass away, fly, gallop, vanish, fade, evaporate; pass away like a cloud, pass away like a summer cloud, pass away like a shadow, pass away like a dream.
	Adj. transient, transitory, transitive, impermanent; passing, evanescent, fleeting,  cursory, short-lived, ephemeral; flying &c. v.; fugacious, fugitive; shifting, slippery; spasmodic.
	instantaneous, momentary, momentaneous[obs3].
	temporary, temporal; provisional, provisory.
	precarious, unstable, insecure.
	{[when_modifying(tree)]} deciduous.
	{[when_modifying(food)]} perishable.
	{[when_modifying(animal)]} mortal.
	brief, quick, brisk, extemporaneous, summary; pressed for time &c. (haste) 684; sudden, momentary &c. (instantaneous) 113.
	Adv. temporarily &c. adj.; pro tempore[Lat]; for the moment, for a time; awhile, en passant[Fr], in transitu[Lat]; in a short time; soon &c. (early) 132; briefly &c. adj.; at short notice; on the point of, on the eve of; in articulo; between cup and lip.
	Phr. one's days are numbered; the time is up; here today and gone tomorrow; non semper erit aestas[Lat][obs3]; eheu! fugaces labuntur anni[Lat]; sic transit gloria mundi[Lat]; a schoolboy's tale, the wonder of the hour! [Byron]; dum loquimur fugerit invidia aetas[Lat][obs3]; fugit hora[Lat]; all that is transitory is but an illusion [Goethe].
	a burst of speed; a flash of genius.

	#112. [Endless duration.] Perpetuity. -- N.  {{has_high_intensity(longevity, R110)}}.
	perpetuity, eternity, everness[obs3], aye, sempiternity[obs3], immortality, athanasia[obs3]; interminability[obs3], agelessness, everlastingness &c. adj.; perpetuation; continued existence, uninterrupted existence; perennity[obs3]; permanence (durability) 110.
	V. last forever, endure forever, go on forever; have no end.
	eternize, perpetuate.
	Adj. perpetual, eternal; everduring[obs3], everlasting, ever-living, ever-flowing; continual, sempiternal[obs3]; coeternal.
	endless, unending; ceaseless, incessant, uninterrupted, indesinent[obs3], unceasing; endless, unending, interminable, having no end.
	evergreen, amaranthine, unfading[obs3]; neverending[obs3], never-dying, never-fading.
	deathless, immortal, undying, imperishable.
	Adv. perpetually &c. adj.; always, ever, evermore, aye; for ever, for aye, till the end of the universe,  forevermore, forever and a day, for ever and ever; in all ages, from age to age; without end; world without end, time without end; in secula seculorum[Lat]; to the end of time, to the crack of doom, to the "last syllable of recorded time" [Macbeth]; till doomsday; constantly &c. (very frequently) 136.
	Phr. esto perpetuum[Lat]; labitur et labetur in omne volubilis oevum [Lat][Horace]; "but thou shall flourish in immortal youth" [Addison]; "Eternity! thou pleasing, dreadful thought" [Addison]; "her immortal part with angels lives" [Romeo & Juliet]; ohne Rast [Ger][Goethe's motto]; ora e sempre[It].

	#113. [Point of time] Instantaneity. -- N. {{similar_to(transience, R111)}}.
	instantaneity, instantaneousness, immediacy; suddenness, abruptness.
$$.
	{{property_of}} moment, instant; second, minute; twinkling, trice, flash, breath, crack, snap, jiffy, coup, burst, flash of lightning, stroke of time.
<-- the following words refer to a specific point of time, not necessarily the present.  The present time is at R118 -->
	{{property_of}} epoch, time; time of day, time of night; hour, minute; very minute &c., very time, very  hour.
	[ref: present time, right time, true time, exact time, correct time, R118].
	V. be instantaneous &c. adj.; twinkle, flash.
	Adj. instantaneous, momentary, sudden, immediate, instant, abrupt, discontinuous, precipitous, precipitant, precipitate; subitaneous[obs3], hasty;quick as thought, quick as lightning, quick as a flash; rapid as electricity.
	speedy, quick, fast, fleet, swift ,lively, blitz; rapid (velocity) 274.
	Adv. instantaneously &c. adj.; in no time, in less than no time; presto, subito[obs3], instanter, suddenly, at a stroke, like a shot; in a moment &c. n.  in the blink of an eye, in the twinkling of an eye, in a trice; in one's tracks; right away; toute a l'heure[Fr]; at one jump, in the same breath, per saltum[Lat], uno saltu[Lat]; at once, all at once; plump, slap; "at one fell swoop"; at the same instant &c. n.; immediately &c. (early) 132; extempore, on the moment, on the spot, on the spur of the moment; no sooner said than done; just then; slap-dash &c. (haste) 684.
	Phr. touch and go; no sooner said than done.
 
	#114. [Estimation, measurement, and record of time.] Chronometry. -- N. chronometry, horometry[obs3], horology; date, epoch; style, era.
	{{uses}} almanac, calendar, ephemeris; register, registry.
	{{has_subtype(history)}} chronicle, annals, journal, diary, chronogram.
	{{function_of: chronometer, clock, &c. P2.3.1.3.12.3.4}}.
	{{performed_by: timekeeper; chronologer, annalist, P2.3.2.3.2.5.51}}.
	calendar year, leap year.
	{{uses}} Julian calendar, Gregorian calendar, Chinese calendar, Jewish calendar, perpetual calendar, Farmer's almanac, fiscal year.
	V. fix the time, mark the time; date, register, chronicle; measure time, beat time, mark time; bear date; synchronize watches.
	Adj. chronological, chronometrical[obs3], chronogrammatical[obs3]; cinquecento[Fr], quattrocento[obs3], trecento[obs3]. 
	Adv. o'clock.

	#115. [False estimate of time.]  Anachronism. -- N. anachronism, metachronism, parachronism, prochronism; prolepsis, misdate; anticipation, antichronism.
	disregard of time, neglect of time, oblivion of time.
	intempestivity[obs3] &c. 135.
	V. misdate, antedate, postdate, backdate, overdate[obs3]; anticipate.
	take no note of time, lose track of time; anachronize[obs3].
	Adj. misdated &c. v.; undated; anachronistic.
	{{similar_to(lateness)}} overdue, past due.
	out of date; behind the times.
	before one's time, ahead of one's time.

P1.1.2  RELATIVE   TIME  ..R116 to R135
P1.1.2.1  Time relative to Succession R116 to R122
<--  	116. Priority			117.	Posteriority
		118. Present time		119.	Different time
		120. Synchronism
     	121. Futurity			122.	Preterition
-->
	#116. Priority. -- N. priority, antecedence, anteriority, precedence, pre-existence.
	precession &c. 280; precursor &c. 64; the past &c. 122; premises.
	{{property_of: precedent, prototype, original, R22}}.
	V. precede, come before; forerun; go before &c. (lead) 280; preexist; dawn; presage &c. 511; herald, usher in.
	be beforehand &c. (be early) 132; steal a march upon, anticipate, forestall; have the start, gain the start.
	Adj. prior, previous; preceding, precedent; anterior, antecedent; pre-existing, pre-existent; former, foregoing; aforementioned, before-mentioned, above-mentioned; aforesaid, said; introductory &c. (precursory) 64.
	Adv. before, prior to; earlier; previously &c. adj.; afore[obs3], aforehand[obs3], beforehand, ere, theretofore, erewhile[obs3]; ere then, ere now, before then, before  now; erewhile[obs3], already, yet, beforehand; on the eve of.
	Phr. prior tempore prior jure[Lat].

	#117. Posteriority. -- N. posteriority; succession, sequence; following &c. 281.; subsequence, supervention.
	futurity &c. 121.
	successor; sequel &c. 65.
	remainder, reversion.
	{{property_of: copy, R22}}.
	V. follow &c. 281 after, come after, go after; succeed, supervene; ensue, occur; step into the shoes of.
	Adj. subsequent, posterior, following, after, later, succeeding, postliminious[obs3], postnate[obs3];  postdiluvial[obs3], postdiluvian[obs3]; puisne[obs2]; posthumous; future &c. 121; after-dinner, postprandial.
	Adv. subsequently, after, afterwards, since, later; at a subsequent, at a later period, at a later date; next, in the sequel, close upon, thereafter, thereupon, upon which, eftsoons[obs1]; from that time, from that moment; after a while, after a time; in process of time.

	#118. The Present Time. -- N. {{property_of(instantaneity)}} .
	the present,  the present time, the present day, the present moment, the present juncture, the present occasion; the times, the  existing time, the  time being; today.
	these days, nowadays, lately, recently, our times, modern times, the twentieth century; nonce, crisis, epoch, day, hour.
	age, time of life.
	right time, true time, exact time, correct time.
	Adj. present, actual, instant, current, existing, extant, that is; present-day, up-to-date, up-to-the-moment; recent, the latest, the nonce.
	Adv. now, at present; at this time, at this moment &c. 113; at the present time &c. n.; at hand.
	at this time of  day, today, nowadays; already; even now, but now, just now; on the present occasion; for the time being, for the nonce; pro hac vice[Lat].; on the nail, on the spot; on the spur of the moment, until now; to this day, to the present day. 
	Phr. "the present hour alone is man's " [Johnson]; "What time is it now?", "do you know the right time?", "Do you have the correct ime?".

	#119. [Time different from the present.] Different time. -- N. different time, other time, another time.
	[Indefinite time] aorist.
	Adj. aoristic; indefinite.
	Adv. at that time, at which time, at that moment, at that instant; then, on that occasion, upon; not now, some other time.
	when; whenever, whensoever; upon which, on which occasion; at another, at a different, at some other, at any time; at various times; some one of these days, one of these days, one fine morning; eventually, some day, by and by, sooner or later; some time or other.
	once upon a time.

	#120. Synchronism. -- N. synchronism; coexistence, coincidence; simultaneousness, simultaneity  &c. adj.; concurrence, concomitance, unity of time, interim.
	[Having equal times] isochronism[obs3].
	contemporary, coetanian[obs3].
	V. coexist, concur, accompany, go hand in hand, keep pace with; synchronize.
	Adj. simultaneous, coexisting, coexistent; synchronous, synchronal[obs3], synchronic, synchronical, synchronistical[obs3].
	concurrent, coincident, concomitant; coeval, coevous[obs3]; contemporary, contemporaneous; coetaneous[obs3]; coeternal; isochronous, isochronal.
	Adv. at the same time; simultaneously &c. adj.; together, in concert, during the same time; in the same breath; pari passu[Lat]; in the interim; as one.
	at the very moment &c. 113; just as, as soon as; meanwhile &c. (while) 106.

	#121. [Indefinite prospective time.] Futurity. -- N. futurity, futurition; future, hereafter, time to come; approaching time, coming time,  subsequent time, after time; approaching age, coming age,  subsequent age, after age; morrow, approaching days, coming days,  subsequent days, after days; approaching hours, coming hours,  subsequent hours, after hours; approaching ages, coming ages,  subsequent ages, after ages; eventuality.
	approaching life, coming life,  subsequent life, after life,  approaching years, coming years,  subsequent years, after years.
	millennium, doomsday, day of judgment, crack of doom, remote future.
	approach of time, advent, time drawing on, womb of time.
	[more definite prospective time]{{has_subtype: destiny &c. 152}}.
	{{co-occurs_with}} heritage, heirs posterity, descendant [ref:R167,P2.3.2.1].
	prospect &c. (expectation) 507; foresight &c. 510.
	V. look forwards; anticipate &c. (expect) 507, (foresee) 510; forestall &c. (be early) 132.
	come on, draw on; draw near; approach, await, threaten; impend &c. (be destined) 152.
	Adj. future, to come; coming, upcoming &c. (impending) 152; next, near; close at hand; eventual, ulterior; in prospect &c. (expectation) 507.
	Adv. prospectively, hereafter, later, in the future; kal[obs3], tomorrow, the day after tomorrow.
	eventually, ultimately, sooner or later, in course of time, in process of time, in the fullness of time, some day; proximo[Lat]; paulo post futurum[Lat]; in after time; one of these days; after a time, after a while.
	from this time; henceforth, henceforwards[obs3]; thence; thenceforth, thenceforward; whereupon, upon which.
	soon &c. (early) 132; on the eve of, on the point of, on the verge of, on the brink of; about to; close upon.
	Phr. quid sit futurum cras fuge quaerere [Latin][Horace].

	#122. [Retrospective time.] The Past -- N.  the past, past time; days of yore, times of yore, days  of old, times of old, days  past, times past, days  gone by, times gone by; bygone days; old times, ancient times, former times; fore time; the good old days, the olden time,  good old time; auld lang syne[obs3]; eld[obs1].
	antiquity, antiqueness[obs3], status quo; time immemorial; distance of time; remote age, remote  time; remote past; rust of antiquity
	retrospect,  retrospection, looking back, memory &c. 505.
	{{studied_in}} antiquarianism, archaism, medievalism, Pre-Raphaelitism; paleontology, paleography, paleology[obs3]; paleozoology;  palaetiology[obs3], archaeology; paleogeography; paleoecology; paleobotany; paleoclimatology.
<-- originally - preterition; priority &c. 116 -->
	{{performed_by(antiquarianism &c.): antiquarian, P2.3.2.3.2.5.53}}.
	{{co-occurs_with}} ancestry &c. (paternity) 166.
	V. be past &c. adj.; have expired &c. adj., have  run its course, have had its day; pass; pass by, go by , pass away, go away , pass off, go off; lapse, blow over.
	look back, trace back, cast the eyes back; exhume.
	Adj. past, gone, gone by, over, passed away, bygone, foregone; elapsed, lapsed, preterlapsed[obs3], expired, no more, run out, blown over, has-been, that has been, extinct, antediluvian, antebellum, never to return, gone with the wind, exploded, forgotten, irrecoverable; obsolete &c. (old) 124.
	former, pristine, quondam, ci-devant[Fr], late; ancestral.
	foregoing; last, latter; recent, over night; preterperfect[obs3], preterpluperfect[obs3].
	looking back &c. v.; retrospective, retroactive; archaeological &c. n.
	Adv. paleo-; archaeo-; formerly; of old, of yore; erst[Ger], whilom, erewhile[obs3], time was, ago, over; in the olden time &c. n.; anciently, long ago, long since; a long while, a long time ago; years ago, yesteryear, ages ago; some time ago, some time since, some time back.
	yesterday, the day before yesterday; last year,  ultimo; lately &c. (newly) 123.
	retrospectively; ere now, before now, till now; hitherto, heretofore; no longer; once, once upon a time; from time immemorial, from prehistoric times; in the memory of man; time out of mind; already, yet, up to this time; ex post facto. 
	Phr. time was; the time has been, the time hath been; you can't go home again;  fuimus Troes [Lat][Vergil]; fruit Ilium [Vergil]; hoc erat in more majorum[Lat]; "O call back yesterday, bid time return" [Richard II]; tempi passati[It]; "the eternal landscape of the past" [Tennyson]; ultimus Romanorum[Lat]; "what's past is prologue" [Tempest]; "whose yesterdays look backward with a smile" [Young].

P1.1.2.2  Time relative to a Period R123 to R131
<--         123. Newness			124.	Oldness
		125. Morning			126.	Evening
     	127. Youth			128.	Age
          129. Infant			130. Veteran
				131. Adolescence
-->
	#123. Newness. -- N. newness &c. adj.; novelty, recency; immaturity; youth &c. 127; gloss of novelty.
	{{property_of}} modernism, modernity; latest fashion.
	{{caused_by}} innovation; renovation &c. (restoration) 660.
	{{has_metaphor}} mushroom.
	{{trait_of}} modern, contempororary; parvenu, nouveau riche[Fr].
	[ref: contemporaneousness].
	{{similar_to: originality, @R20}}.
	V. renew &c. (restore) 660; modernize.
	Adj. new, novel, recent, fresh, green; young &c. 127; evergreen; raw, immature, unsettled, yeasty; virgin; untried, unhandseled[obs3], untrodden, untrod, unbeaten.
	brand-new, fire-new, span-new, just out, latest.
	late, modern, modernistic, contemporary, neoteric, hypermodern, nouveau; new-fashioned, new-fangled, newfangled.
	up to date, up to the minute, with it, fashionable, in fashion; in, hip [coll.]; of yesterday.
	vernal, sempervirent[obs3], sempervirid[obs3].
	new-born, nascent, neonatal[med.],  new-fledged.
	fresh as a rose, fresh as a daisy, fresh as paint; spick and span.
	renovated, updated, revamped; refreshed.
	{[when_modifying(document)]} revised.
	Adv. newly, recently &c. adj.; afresh, anew, lately, just now, only yesterday, the other day; latterly, of late, these days.
	not long ago, a short time ago.
	Phr. di novello tutto par bello[It]; nullum est jam dictum quod non dictum est prius[Lat]; una scopa nuova spazza bene[It].

	#124. Oldness. -- N. oldness &c. adj[obs3].; age, antiquity; cobwebs of antiquity. maturity; decline, decay; senility &c. 128.
	{{causes}} seniority, eldership; priority.
	{{factor_in}} primogeniture.
	archaism &c. (the past) 122; thing of the past, relic of the past; megatherium[obs3]; Sanskrit.
	tradition, prescription, custom, immemorial usage, common law.
	V. be old &c. adj.; have had its day, have seen its day; become old &c. adj.; age, fade, senesce.
	Adj. old, ancient, antique; of long standing, time-honored, venerable; elder, eldest; firstborn.
	prime; primitive, primeval, primigenous[obs3]; paleolontological, paleontologic, paleoanthropological, paleoanthropic[obs3], paleolithic, ; primordial, primordinate[obs3]; aboriginal &c. (beginning) 66; diluvian[obs3], antediluvian; protohistoric[obs3]; prehistoric; antebellum, colonial, precolumbian;  patriarchal, preadamite[obs3]; paleocrystic[obs3]; fossil, paleozoolical, paleozoic, preglacial[obs3], antemundane[obs3]; archaic, classic, medieval, Pre-Raphaelite, ancestral, black-letter.
	immemorial, traditional, prescriptive, customary, whereof the memory of man runneth not to the contrary; inveterate, rooted.
	antiquated, of other times, rococo, of the old school, after-age, obsolete; out of date, out of fashion, out of it; stale, old-fashioned, behind the age, behind the times; old-world; exploded; gone out, gone  by; passe, run out; senile &c. 128; time worn; crumbling &c. (deteriorated) 659; secondhand.
	old as the hills, old as Methuselah, old as Adam, old as history.
	[geological eras (list, starting at given number of years bp)] Archeozoic[5,000,000,000], Proterozoic[1,500,000,000], Paleozoic[600,000,000], Mesozoic[220,000,000], Cenozoic[70,000,000].
	[geological periods (list)] Precambrian, Cambrian[600,000,000], Ordovician[500,000,000], Silurian[440,000,000], Devonian[400,000,000], Mississippian[350,000,000], Pennsylvanian[300,000,000], Permian[270,000,000], Triassic[220,000,000], Jurassic[180,000,000], Cretaceous[135,000,000]; Tertiary[70,000,000], Paleogene[70,000,000], Neocene[25,0000,000]; Quaternary[1,000,000].
[geological epochs (list, starting at 70,000,000 years bp)]	 Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Recent.
	Adv. since the world was made, since the year one, since the days of Methuselah.
	Phr. vetera extollimus recentium incuriosi [Lat][Tacitus].

	#125. Morning. [Noon.] -- N. {{has_temporal_part(day)}} {{precedes(midnight)}} {{follows(noon)}}.
	morning, morn, forenoon, a.m., prime.
	{{has_beginning}} {{has_temporal_part(morning)}} early morning.
	{{precedes(early morning)}} {{has_temporal_part(day)}} dawn, daybreak; dayspring[obs3], foreday[obs3], sunup; peep of day, break of day; aurora; first blush of the morning, first flush of the morning, prime of the morning; twilight, crepuscule, sunrise; cockcrow, cockcrowing[obs3]; the small hours, the wee hours of the morning.
	{{metaphor_for}} spring; vernal equinox, first point of Aries.
	{{has_ending}} {{has_temporal_part(day): noon, R125a}}.
	{{metaphor_for}} summer, midsummer.
	Adj. morning, matin, matutinal[obs3]; vernal.
	Adv. at sunrise &c. n.; with the sun, with the lark, "when the morning dawns".
	Phr. "at shut of evening flowers" [Paradise Lost]; entre chien et loup[Fr]; "flames in the fore-head of the morning sky" [Milton]; "the breezy call of incense-breathing morn" [Gray].

	#125a. Noon -- N. {{has_temporal_part(day)}} {{precedes(morning)}} {{follows(afternoon)}}.
	noon; midday, noonday; noontide, meridian, prime; nooning[obs3], noontime.
	high noon.
	Adj. noonday.

	#125b. Afternoon. -- N. {{has_temporal_part(day)}} {{precedes(noon)}} {{follows(evening)}}.
	afternoon, postmeridian, p.m.
	
	#126. Evening. [Midnight.] -- N. {{has_temporal_part(day)}} {{precedes(afternoon)}} {{follows(night)}}.
	evening, eve; decline of day, fall of day, close of day; candlelight, candlelighting[obs3]; eventide, nightfall, curfew, dusk, twilight.
	sunset, sundown; going down of the sun, cock- shut, dewy eve, gloaming.
	{{has_metaphor}} eleventh hour.
	{{metaphor_for}} autumn; fall, fall of the leaf; autumnal equinox; Indian summer, St. Luke's summer, St. Martin's summer.
	Adj. vespertine, nocturnal: autumnal. 

	#126a. Night. -- N. {{has_temporal_part(day)}} {{precedes(evening)}} {{follows(midnight)}}.
	night, nighttime; late night; bedtime.
	{{metaphor_for} winter.
	{{has_metaphor}} killing time.
	{{has_ending}} {{has_temporal_part(day): midnight, R126b}} 
	Phr. "midnight, the outpost of advancing day" [Longfellow]; "sable-vested Night" [Milton]; "this gorgeous arch with golden worlds inlay'd" [Young].

	#126b.  Midnight. -- N.  {{has_temporal_part(day)}} {{precedes(night)}} {{follows(morning)}}.
	midnight; dead of night, witching hour, witching hour of night, witching time of night.

<--  R127 Youth and R128 Age, R129 Adolescence to properties of humans (HPROP)   P2.2.4.2  Youth    P2.2.4.3  Age, P2.2.4.4  Adolescence   -->

<-- R129, Infant and R130, veteran to character (person)  -->

P1.1.2.3  Time relative to an Effect or Purpose R132 to R135
<--        132. Earliness			133. Lateness
   		134. Occasion			135.	Intempestivity
-->
	#132. Earliness. -- N. {ant. 133} earliness &c. adj.; morning &c. 125.
	punctuality; promptitude &c. (activity) 682; haste &c. (velocity) 274; suddenness &c. (instantaneity) 113.
	prematurity, precocity, precipitation, anticipation; a stitch in time.
	V. be early &c. adj., be beforehand &c. adv.; keep time, take time by the forelock, anticipate, forestall; have the start, gain the start; steal a march upon; gain time, draw on futurity; bespeak, secure, engage, preengage[obs3].
	accelerate; expedite &c. (quicken) 274; make haste &c. (hurry) 684.
	Adj. early, prime,  forward; prompt &c. (active) 682; summary.
	premature, precipitate, precocious; prevenient[obs3], anticipatory; rath[obs3].
	sudden &c. (instantaneous) 113; unexpected &c. 508; near, near at hand; immediate.
	Adv. early, soon, anon, betimes, rath[obs3]; eft, eftsoons; ere long, before long, shortly; .
	beforehand; prematurely &c. adj.; precipitately &c. (hastily) 684; too soon; ahead of time, before its time, before  one's time; in anticipation, in advance; unexpectedly &c. 508.
	suddenly &c. (instantaneously) 113; before one can say "Jack Robinson",  at short notice, extempore; on the spur of the moment, on the spur of the occasion [Bacon]; at once; on the spot, on the instant; at sight; offhand, out of hand; a vue d'oeil[Fr]; straight, straightway, straightforth[obs3]; forthwith, incontinently, summarily, immediately, briefly, shortly, quickly, speedily, apace, before the ink is dry, almost immediately, presently at the first opportunity, in no long time, by and by, in a while, directly.
	Phr.  no sooner said than done, immediately, if not sooner; tout vient a temps pour qui sait attendre[Fr].

	#132a. Punctuality -- N. punctuality, promptness, immediateness.
	V.  be prompt, be on time, be in time; arrive on time; be in the nick of time.
	Adj.  timely, on time, seasonable, in time, punctual, prompt.
	Adv.  on time, punctually, at the deadline, precisely, exactly; right on time, to the minute; in time; in good time, in military time, in pudding time[obs1], in due time; time enough; with no time to spare, by a hair's breadth.
	Phr. touch and go, not a minute too soon, in the nick of time, just under the wire, get on board before the train leaves the station.

	#133. Lateness. -- N. {{antonym: punctuality, R132}}.
	lateness &c. adj.; tardiness &c. (slowness) 275.
	{caused_by}} delay, delation; cunctation, procrastination; deferring, deferral  &c. v.; postponement, adjournment, prorogation, retardation, respite, pause, reprieve, stay of execution; protraction, prolongation; Fabian policy, medecine expectante[Fr], chancery suit, federal case; leeway; high time; moratorium, holdover.
	V. be late &c. adj.
	{{caused_by}} tarry, wait, stay, bide, take time; dawdle &c. (be inactive) 683; linger, loiter; bide one's time, take one's time; gain time; hang fire; stand over, lie over.
	{{caused_by}} put off, defer, delay, lay over, suspend; table [parliamentary]; shift off, stave off; waive, retard, remand, postpone, adjourn; procrastinate; dally; prolong, protract; spin out, draw out, lengthen out, stretch out; prorogue; keep back; tide over; push to the last, drive to the last; let the matter stand over; reserve &c. (store) 636; temporize; consult one's pillow, sleep on it.
	lose an opportunity &c. 135; be kept waiting, dance attendance; kick one's heels, cool one's heels; faire antichambre[Fr]; wait impatiently; await &c. (expect) 507; sit up, sit up at night.
	Adj. late, tardy, slow, behindhand, behind, serotine[obs3], belated, postliminious[obs3], backward, unpunctual, untimely; delayed, postponed; dilatory &c. (slow) 275; delayed &c. v.; in abeyance.
	posthumous.
	Adv. late; lateward[obs3], backward; late in the day; at sunset, at the eleventh hour, at length, at last; ultimately; after time, behind time, after the deadline; too late; too late for &c. 135.
	slowly, leisurely, deliberately, at one's leisure; ex post facto; sine die [parl.].
	Phr. nonum prematur in annum [Lat][Horace]; "against the sunbeams serotine and lucent" [Longfellow]; ie meglio tardi che mai[It]; deliberando saepe perit occasio [Lat][Syrus]; better late than never; too little and too late; "he'd be late for his own funeral".

	#134. Occasion. Timeliness. -- N.  {ant. 135} timeliness, occasion, opportunity, opening, room; suitable season, proper season , suitable time, proper time; high time; opportuneness &c. adj.; tempestivity[obs3]; event (eventuality) 151.
	nick of time; golden opportunity, well timed opportunity,  fine opportunity, favorable opportunity, opening; clear stage, fair field; mollia tempora[Lat]; fata Morgana[Lat]; spare time &c. (leisure) 685.
	{{property_of}} crisis, turn, juncture, conjuncture; turning point, given time.
	V. seize &c. (take) 789 an opportunity, use &c. 677 an opportunity, give &c. 784 an opportunity, use an occasion; improve the occasion.
	suit the occasion &c. (be expedient) 646.
	seize the occasion, strike while the iron is hot, battre le fer sur l'enclume[Fr], make hay while the sun shines, seize the present hour, take time by the forelock, prendre la balle au bond[Fr].
	Adj. opportune, timely, well-timed, timeful[obs3], seasonable.
	providential, lucky, fortunate, happy, favorable, propitious, ripe, convenient, auspicious; critical; suitable &c. 23; obiter dicta.
	Adv. opportunely &c. adj.; in proper course, in due course, in proper season, in due season, in proper time, in due time; for the nonce; in the nick of time, in the fullness of time; all in good time; just in time, at the eleventh hour, now or never.
	by the way, by the by; en passant[Fr], a propos[Fr]; pro re nata[Lat], pro hac vice[Lat]; par parenthese[Fr], parenthetically, by way of parenthesis, incidentally; while speaking of, while on the subject; extempore; on the spur of the moment, on the spur of the occasion; on the spot &c. (early) 132.
	Phr. carpe diem[Lat] [Horace]; occasionem cognosce[Lat]; one's hour is come, the time is up; that reminds me, now that you mention it, come to think of it; bien perdu bien connu[Fr]; e sempre l'ora[It]; ex quovis ligno non fit Mercurius[Lat]; nosce tempus[Lat]; nunc aut nunquam[Lat].
	"never put off until tomorrow what you can do today".
	{{manifestation_of(procrastination)}} "never put off until tomorrow what you can put off until the day after"[ironical].

	#135. Untimeliness -- N. {{antonym: timeliness, occasion R134}}.
	untimeliness, intempestivity[obs3], unseasonableness, inexpedience.
	{{property_of}} bad time, wrong time, inappropriate time, not the right occasion, unsuitable time, inopportune time, inconvenient time, improper time; evil hour; contretemps; intrusion; anachronism &c. 115.
	unreasonableness &c. adj;.
	bad timing, poor timing.
	V. be ill timed &c. adj.; mistime; intrude, come amiss, break in upon; have other fish to fry; be busy, be occupied.
	lose an opportunity, throw away an opportunity, squander an opportunity, waste an opportunity, neglect &c. 460 an opportunity; allow the opportunity to pass, suffer the opportunity to pass, allow the opportunity to slip, suffer the opportunity to slip, allow the opportunity to go by, suffer the opportunity to go by, allow the opportunity to escape, suffer the opportunity to escape, allow the opportunity to lapse, suffer the opportunity to lapse, allow the occasion to pass, allow the occasion to slip by; waste time &c. (be inactive) 683; let slip through the fingers, lock the barn door after the horse is stolen.
	Adj. ill-timed, mistimed; ill-fated, ill-omened, ill-starred; untimely, unseasonable; out of date, out of season; inopportune, timeless, intrusive, untoward, mal a propos[Fr], unlucky, inauspicious, infelicitous, unbefitting, unpropitious, unfortunate, unfavorable; unsuited &c. 24; inexpedient &c. 647.
	unpunctual &c. (late) 133; too late for; premature &c. (early) 132; too soon for; wise after the event, monday morning quarterbacking, twenty-twenty hindsight.
	out of synch[coll.].
	Adv. inopportunely &c. adj.; as ill luck would have it, in an evil hour, the time having gone by, a day after the fair.
	Phr. too little and too late; after death the doctor, after meat mustard.

P1.1.3   RECURRENT   TIME  ..R136 to R139 [[frequency]]
<--   	136. Frequency			137.	Infrequency
		138. Periodicity		139.	Irregularity
-->
<-- note related concepts of multitude(R102), frequency(here, R136), periodicity(R138), repetition, and habit are listed as separate main entries -->
	#136. Frequency. -- N. frequency, oftness[obs3], oftenness[obs3], commonness.
	repetition &c. 104; normality &c. 80; example (conformity) 82; routine, custom (habit) 613.
<-- the next paragraph may be closer to 138 (periodicity, regularity) than to frequency, but we leave it where Roget put it -->
	{{similar_to(periodicity, R138)}} regularity, uniformity, constancy, clock-work precision; even tenor; system; routine &c. (custom) 613; formula; rule &c. (form, regulation) 697; keynote, standard, model; precedent &c. (prototype) 22; conformity &c. 82.
	{{has_metaphor}} drumbeat; [ref: roll, R407].
	{{similar_to: repetition, R104}}.
	[ref: punctuality &c. (exactness) 494].
	{[in_frame(communication]} cliche.
	V. recur &c. 104; do nothing but; keep, keep on.
	Adj. frequent, many times, not rare, thickcoming[obs3], incessant, perpetual, continual, steady, constant, thick; uniform; repeated, recurrent &c. 104;  customary &c. 613 (habit) 613; regular (normal) 80; according to rule &c. (conformable) 82.
	{{analogous_to}} profuse, numerous, many &c R102.
	common, everyday, usual, ordinary, familiar; commonplace, ubiquitous.
	{[when_modifying(phrase)]} overused.
	old-hat, boring, well-known, well-worn, trivial.
	Adv. often, oft; ofttimes[Poet.], oftentimes; frequently; repeatedly &c. 104; more often than not, unseldom[obs3], not infrequently; in quick succession, in rapid succession, one after another; many a time and oft.
	daily, hourly &c.; every day, every hour, every moment &c.
	perpetually, continually, constantly, incessantly, without ceasing, at all times, at all times and in all places, daily and hourly, night and day, day and night, day after day, morning noon and night, ever anon.
	most often.
	{{similar_to: unfailingly, invariably, commonly &c. (habitually) 613}}.
	often enough, when the mood strikes, again and again, toties quoties[Lat].
	
	#137. Infrequency.-- N. infrequency, rareness, rarity; seldomness[obs3]; uncommonness.
	{{similar_to: fewness &c. 103, unconformity &c. R83}}.
	V. be rare &c. adj.
	Adj. infrequent, unfrequent[obs3]; few &c. 103; uncommon, scarce.
	{{has_high_intensity}} almost unheard of, unprecedented, which has not occurred within the memory of the oldest inhabitant, not within one's previous experience; not since Adam[obs3].
	{{has_high_intensity}} rare, rare as a blue diamond; hard to find, scarce as hen's teeth; one in a million; few and far between.
	{{has_superlative: unique, singular, R83, R87}}.
	Adv. seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly; not often, not much,  infrequently, unfrequently[obs3], unoften[obs3]; scarcely ever, hardly ever.
	once; once in a blue moon; once in a million years; once for all, once in a way; pro hac vice[Lat].
	not too often, sometimes, occasionally, only occasionally, on passing occasions, at times, now and then, from time to time; I've heard of such a thing, it has happened, there being times when.
	Phr. ein mal kein mal[German].

<-- && specific holidays should be moved elsewhere and referenced here  -->
	#138. Regularity of recurrence. Periodicity. -- N. periodicity, intermittence; beat; oscillation &c. 314; pulse, pulsation; rhythm; alternation, alternateness, alternativeness, alternity[obs3].
	punctuality, regularity, steadiness.
	{{property_of}} bout, round, revolution, rotation, turn, say.
	{{property_of}} anniversary, jubilee; centenary, centennial; sequicentennial; bicentennial; tercentennial; holiday.
	{{has_subtype(anniversary)}} {{property_of}} golden anniversary, 50 years; diamond anniversary, 75 years; silver anniversary, 25 years.
	{{has_subtype(holiday)}} {{property_of}} state holiday; national holiday.
	{{property_of}} catamenia[obs3]; courses, menses, menstrual flux.
	[Regularity of return] {{property_of}} cycle, rota, period, stated time, routine; days of the week; Sunday, Monday &c.; months of the year; January &c.; feast, fast &c.; Christmas; Easter; New Year's day
&c.
	{{property_of}} Allhallows[obs3], Allhallowmas[obs3], All Saints' Day; All Souls', All Souls' Day; Ash Wednesday, bicentennial, birthday, bissextile[obs3], Candlemas[obs3], Dewali, groundhog day [U.S.], Halloween, Hallowmas[obs3], Lady day, leap year, Midsummer day, Muharram, woodchuck day [U.S.], St. Swithin's day, natal day; yearbook; yuletide.
<-- here periodicity is in its specific sense of frequency, i.e. recurrences per unit time -->
	{{has_units}} hertz, Hz, cycles per second; cycles per minute; cycles per hour.
	[of electromagnetic radiation] {{has_units}} kilohertz, kHz; megahertz, mHz; gigahertz, gHz.
	V. recur in regular order, recur in regular succession; return, revolve; come again, come  in its turn; come round, come round again; beat, pulsate; alternate; intermit.
	Adj. periodic, periodical; recurrent, cyclical, cyclic, rhythmical; serial; recurring &c. v.; intermittent, remittent; alternate, every other, every second; every third, every fourth, &c.
	hourly; diurnal, daily; quotidian, tertian, weekly; hebdomadal[obs1], hebdomadary[obs1]; biweekly, fortnightly; bimonthly; catamenial[obs1]; monthly, menstrual[obs2]; yearly, annual; biennial, triennial, &c.; centennial, secular; paschal, lenten, &c.
	regular, steady, punctual, regular as clockwork.
	repeated  &c. 104.
	Adv. periodically &c. adj.; at regular intervals, at stated times; at fixed established , at established periods; punctually &c. adj. de die in diem[Lat]; from day to day, day by day.
	by turns; in turn, in rotation; alternately, every other day, off and on, ride and tie, round and round.

	#139. Irregularity of recurrence. -- N. irregularity, uncertainty, unpunctuality; fitfulness &c. adj.; capriciousness, ecrhythmus[obs1].
	Adj. irregular, uncertain, unpunctual, capricious, desultory, fitful, flickering; rambling, rhapsodical; spasmodic; immethodical[obs3], unmethodical, variable.
	Adv. irregularly &c. adj.; by fits and starts &c. (discontinuously) 70.

<--  		***   P1.2 SPACE  ***  -->
P1.2  Space
P1.2.1 Space generally  {{part_of(place, R182, P1.2.1.1.2)}} {{part_of(REgion, R181, P1.2.1.1.1)}}

<--          ABSTRACT SPACE......
								180a. Inextension
		180.	Indefinite			181.	Definite
			Space					Region
								182.	Limited
									Place
      (183 to 191 at P1.2.3  Location)  -->
<-- dimensions must be broken down separately.  Here we treat "space" as 3-dimensional space   [[space]] -->
P1.2.1.1  Space (R180)
	#180. [Indefinite space.] Space.-- N. space, extension, extent, superficial extent, expanse, stretch; room, scope, range, field, way, expansion, compass, sweep, swing, spread.
	hyperspace.
	{{has_part: dimension, length &c. 200; distance &c. 196}}.
	{{has_measure: size &c. 192}}.
	{{has_measure}} volume; hypervolume.
	latitude, play, leeway, purchase, tolerance, room for maneuver.
	spare room, elbow room, house room; stowage, roomage[obs3], margin; opening, sphere, arena.
	open space, free space; void &c. (absence) 187; waste; wildness, wilderness; moor, moorland; campagna[obs3].
	abyss &c. (interval) 198; unlimited space; world; ubiquity &c. (presence) 186; length and breadth of the land.
	{{has_large_quantity: universe; infinity &c. 105}}.
	proportions, acreage.
	{{has_units}} acres, acres and perches, roods and perches, hectares, square miles; square inches, square yards, square centimeters, square meters, yards[cloth]  &c.; ares, arpents[obs3].
	{{has_metaphor}} {[in_frame(computer)]} cyberspace.
	Adj. spacious, roomy, extensive, expansive, capacious, ample; widespread, vast, world-wide, uncircumscribed; boundless &c. (infinite) 105; shoreless[obs3], trackless, pathless; extended.
	Adv. extensively &c. adj.; wherever; everywhere; far and near, far and wide; right and left, all over, all the world over; throughout the world, throughout the length and breadth of the land; under the sun, in every quarter; in all quarters, in all lands; here there and everywhere; from pole to pole, from China to Peru [Johnson], from Indus to the pole [Pope], from Dan to Beersheba, from end to end; on the face of the earth, in the wide world, from all points of the compass; to the four winds, to the uttermost parts of the earth.

P1.2.1.1.1  Region (R181)  {{has_part(space, R180, P1.2.1.1)}}
	#181. [Definite space.] Region.-- N. {{has_subtype(part)}} {{has_part(space)}}  region, sphere, ground, soil, area, field, realm, territory, province, domain; quarter, district,  orb, circuit, circle.
	zone, section, sector.
	{{has_part(woods/forest)}}  clearing.
	compartment, department.
	[political divisions:  see property &c. 780 and Government &c. 737a.].
	{{has_subtype: geographical area, P2.3.1.1.6.2  Land Formations}}.
	{{property_of(nearness)}} precincts, precinct, vicinity, environs, locale, locality, ward, neighborhood, stomping ground[coll.], block, corner, enceinte, barrio[Sp].
	range, walk, march, beat[of police].
	{[in_frame(geographical area, P2.3.1.1.6.2)]} patch, plot, parcel, lot, field; hemisphere.
	{{property_of(circumscription)}} inclosure, close, court, arena.
	{{property_of(circumscription)}} enclave, reserve, preserve, ghetto;  reservation, pale &c. (limit) 233.
	street &c. (abode) 189.
	{[in_subject(geography)]} clime, climate, zone, meridian, latitude, longitude.
	{[in_subject(geography)]} biosphere; lithosphere.
	{[in_frame(journalism)]} {{has_subtype(subject matter)}} beat.
	{{has_metaphor(distance, R196)}} boondocks, sticks; outback.
	Adj. territorial, local, parochial, provincial, regional.
	{{has_subtype(regional)}} urban; suburban; rural.
	{{antonym(urban): rural}}.

<-- here At R182 "location" is an unspecified location(place).  At R183(P1.2.3) (position) is a specific location, and at R184(P1.2.3) "location" is the act of locating, a verb nominalization.
  "point" here has two meanings, a general sense, and a single point.
   Note that because has_part is not always transitive, place is explicitly noted as a part of space, and also a part of region. -->
P1.2.1.1.2   Place {{has_part(space, R180, P1.2.1.1)}} {{has_part(region, R181, P1.2.1.1.1)}}
	#182. [Limited space.] Place.-- N. {{has_part(space)}} place, lieu, spot, location, position, point.
	{{property_of(inextension, R180a)}} point, dot.
	{[in_frame(transportation/travel)]} stop, station; origin, starting point, departure point; destination, terminus, arrival point; transfer point, junction.
	locality.
	compartment; premises, precinct, station; area, courtyard, square.
	niche, nook; hole; pigeonhole.
	ins and outs; every hole and corner.
	{{property_of(distance, R196)}} remote region; outpost, outskirt; horizon; aphelion; foreign parts, ultima Thule[Lat], antipodes.
	{{has_metaphor(distance, R196)}} left field.
	{{has_subtype: position, R183. P1.2.3}}.
	{{has_subtype:  corner, R244}}.
	{{has_subtype: receptacle, R191}}.
	{{has_subtype: abode, R189}}.
	{{has_subtype: situation, R183}}.
	Adv. somewhere, someplace, in some place; wherever it may be, here and there, in various places, passim.

P1.2.1.3  Inextension
	#180a. Inextension.-- N. inextension[obs3], nonextension[obs3], point; dot; atom &c. (smallness) 32.
	{{has_subtype(point)}} {{requires(perspective)}} {[in_frame(drawing, art, painting)]} vanishing point.
	{{has_subtype(point)}} {{in_frame(mathematics)}} mathematical point.

P1.2.2 Dimensions   (R192 to R239)
P1.2.2.1  DIMENSIONS GENERALLY  ..(R192 to R199)
<--  		192.	Size						193.	Littleness
		194.	Expansion					195.	Contraction
		196.	Distance					197.	Nearness
		198.	Interval					199.	Contiguity  
-->[[dimensions]]
<-- "Size" R192 mixes size generally and largeness of size.  We break out size generally as a separate category, and make largeness and smallness as subtypes.  Largeness and smallness of size, here, are distingushable from largeness and smallness of quantity, in the abstract section (R31 and 32), but are nevertheless used commonly to refer to mental phenomena.  In this classification, we have to consider the use of dimensional adjectives in the mental world as a metaphorical usage.  This is not entirely satisfactory, but probably valid. [[size]]  -->

P1.2.2.1.1  Size  {{has_subtype(quantity, R25)}}
	size, magnitude, dimension, bulk; largeness &c. adj.; amplitude; dimensions, proportion, proportions.
	mass.
	cordage; caliber, scantling.
	{{has_subtype: turgidity @R194}}.
	{[of(person)]} weight; height; corporation, flesh and blood, lustihood[obs3].
	{{affected_by: Change of Shape, expansion, contraction, (R194, R195), @P2.4.2.5}} 

P1.2.2.1.1.1  Large size  {{has_large_quantity(size, P1.2.2.1.1)}}
	#192. Large Size.-- N. 
	largeness, hugeness, greatness &c. adj.; enormity, immensity, monstrosity.
	{[of(physical object)]} massiveness.
	{[of(space)]} spaciousness.
	greatness &c. (of quantity) 31; expanse &c. (space) 180.
	{[of(person)]}  corpulence, obesity, embonpoint[Fr.]; plumpness &c. adj..
	{{property_of(hugeness): @P2.3.2.3.2.4.2.1,  giant; colossus, monster, mammoth; whale, behemoth, leviathan, elephant, hippopotamus; Brobdingnagian, Antaeus, Goliath, Gog and Magog, Gargantua, Cyclops}}.
	{{property_of(hugeness)}} tun, ton, cord, lump, bulk, block, loaf, mass, swad, clod, nugget, bushel.
	{{property_of(hugeness)}} thumper, whopper, spanker, strapper.
	{{property_of(hugeness)}} mountain, mound; heap &c. (assemblage) 72.
	largest portion &c. 50; full size, life size.
	{{has_subtype: volume. R200b}}.
	V. be large &c. adj.; become large &c. (expand) 194.
	{{assessed_by}} size; measure &c. 466.
	Adj. large, big; great &c. (in quantity) 31; considerable, bulky, voluminous, ample, massive, massy; capacious, comprehensive; spacious &c. 180; mighty, towering, fine, magnificent.
	{[when_modifying(person)]} corpulent, stout, fat, obese, plump, squab, full, lusty, strapping, bouncing; portly, burly, well-fed, full-grown; corn fed, gram fed; stalwart, brawny, fleshy; goodly; in good case, in good condition; in condition; chopping, jolly; chub faced, chubby faced.
	whopping, walloping, thumping, lubberly, hulky, unwieldy, lumpish, gaunt, spanking, whacking, thundering, hulking; overgrown; puffy &c. (swollen) 194.
	huge, immense, enormous, mighty; vast, vasty; amplitudinous, stupendous; monster, monstrous, humongous, monumental;  mammoth, elephantine, jumbo; gigantic, colossal, gigantean, giant, giant-like, titanic; prodigious, Cyclopean, Brobdingnagian, Bunyanesque, Herculean, Gargantuan.
	large as life; plump as a dumpling, plump as a partridge; fat as a pig, fat as a quail, fat as butter, fat as brawn, fat as bacon.
	{{has_large_quantity(hugeness)}} of cosmic proportions; of epic proportions, the mother of all, the granddaddy of all.
	{{has_extreme(hugeness): infinite &c. 105}}.
	{{has_extreme(hugeness)}} immeasurable, unfathomable, unplumbed; inconceivable, unimaginable, unheard-of.

P1.2.2.1.1.2  Small size  (R193)
	#193. Littleness.-- N. littleness, smallness  &c. adj.; exiguity, inextension[obs3]; parvitude[obs3], parvity[obs3]; duodecimo[obs3]; Elzevir edition, epitome, microcosm; rudiment; vanishing point; thinness &c. 203.
	{[of(person)]} dwarf, pygmy, pigmy[obs3], Liliputian, chit, pigwidgeon[obs3], urchin, elf; atomy[obs3], dandiprat[obs3]; doll, puppet; Tom Thumb, Hop-o'-my-thumb[obs3]; manikin, mannikin; homunculus; dapperling[obs3], cock-sparrow[obs2].
	{{property_of: minute length, hair, hair's breadth, @R200}}.
	{{property_of: microscopic object; animalcule, monad, mite, insect, emmet[obs3], fly, midge, gnat, shrimp, minnow, worm, maggot, entozoon[obs3]; microbe, bacterium, bacteria, microzoa[Microbiol]; infusoria[obs3]; phytozoaria[obs3]; grub; tit, tomtit, runt, mouse, small fry; millet seed, mustard seed; barleycorn}}.
	{{property_of: pebble; grain, grain of sand; speck; molehill, button, bubble}}.
	{{property_of: point; atom &c. (small quantity) 32; fragment &c. (small part) 51; powder &c. 330; point of a pin, mathematical point; minutiae &c. (unimportance) 643}}.
	{{measured_by(minute length): micrometer; vernier}}.
	{{measured_by(microscopic object)}} microscope (optical instruments) 445.
	{{measured_by(microscopic object)}} microphotography, photomicrography, micrography[obs3];  microscopy.
	{{measured_by(microscopic object)}} photomicrograph, microphotograph.
	V. be little &c. adj.; lie in a nutshell.
	become small &c. (decrease) 36, (contract) 195.
	make small, decrease R36.
	Adj. little; small &c. (in quantity) 32; minute, diminutive, microscopic; microzoal; inconsiderable &c. (unimportant) 643; exiguous, puny, tiny, wee, petty, petit, petite, miniature.
	undersized; pygmy, pigmy[obs3], elfin, minikin[obs3], dwarf, dwarfed, dwarfish, Liliputian.
	spare, stunted, limited; cramp, cramped; pollard[obs2], dapper[obs2], pocket; portative[obs3], portable; duodecimo[obs3].
	dumpy, squat; short &c. 201.
	impalpable, intangible, evanescent; imperceptible, invisible, inappreciable, insignificant, inconsiderable, trivial; infinitesimal, homoeopathic[obs3].
	finely divided, colloidal.
	corpuscular, molecular; atomic, submolecular; subatomic.
	rudimentary, rudimental; embryonic, vestigial.
	scant, scraggy, scrubby, weazen[obs2]; thin &c. (narrow) 203; granular &c. (powdery) 330; shrunk &c. 195; brevipennate[obs3].
	Adv. minutely, microscopically, imperceptibly, inappreciably, invisibly; on a small scale; infinitesimally; in a small compass, in a nutshell.

<-- R194, expansion, and  R195, contractions are moved to P2.4.2.5,  change of shape under motion, P2.4.2 -->

<-- distance here is the property of being distant  -->
P1.2.2.1.1.3  Distance  (r196)
	#196. Distance.-- N. {{has_large_quantity(spatial separation, spatial interval, R198)}} distance; remoteness, farness[obs3], far-cry to; longinquity[obs3], elongation; offing, background; removedness[obs3]; parallax; reach, span, stride.
	{{has_part(space, R180)}}.
	{{property_of: remote region; outpost, outskirt; horizon; aphelion; foreign parts, ultima Thule[Lat], ne plus ultra[Lat], antipodes}}.
	long range, giant's stride.
	{{measure_of: dispersion &c. R73}}.
	{{has_measure:  length &c. R200}}.
	cosmic distance, light-years.
	V. be distant &c. adj.; extend to, stretch to, reach to, spread to, go to, get to, stretch away to; range.
	remain at a distance; keep away, keep off, keep aloof, keep clear of, stand away, stand off, stand aloof, stand clear of, stay away, keep one's distance.
	[transitive] distance; distance oneself from.
	Adj. distant; far off, far away; remote, telescopic, distal, wide of; stretching to &c. v.; yon, yonder; ulterior; transmarine[obs3], transpontine[obs3], transatlantic, transalpine; far out, way out, way out in left field; inaccessible, out of the way.
	tramontane; ultramontane, ultramundane[obs3]; hyperborean, antipodean; incontiguous[obs3].
	unapproached[obs3], unapproachable.
	Adv. far off, far away; afar, afar off; off; away; a long way off, a great way off, a good way off; wide away, aloof; wide of, clear of; out of the way, out of reach; abroad, yonder, farther, further, beyond; outre mer[Fr], over the border, far and wide, "over the hills and far away " [Gay]; from pole to pole &c. (over great space) 180; to the uttermost parts, to the ends of the earth; out of hearing, nobody knows where, a perte de vue[Fr], out of the sphere of, wide of the mark; a far cry to.
	apart, asunder; wide apart, wide asunder; longo intervallo[It]; at arm's length.
	Phr. "distance lends enchantment" [Campbell]; "it's a long long way to Tipperary"; out of sight, out of mind.

P1.2.2.1.1.4  Nearness  (R197)
	#197. Nearness.-- N. {{has_small_quantity(spatial interval, R198)}} nearness &c. adj.; proximity, propinquity; vicinity, vicinage; neighborhood, adjacency; contiguity &c. 199.
	short distance, step, short step; earshot, close quarters, stone's throw; bow shot, gun shot, pistol shot; hair's breadth, span.
	purlieus, neighborhood, vicinage, environs, alentours[Fr], suburbs, confines, banlieue[obs3], borderland; whereabouts.
	{{property_of: short cut, @R628}}.
	bystander; neighbor, borderer[obs3].
	perihelion.
	{{has_extreme: contiguity, R199}}.
	{{caused_by: approach &c. 286; convergence &c. 290}}.
	V. be near &c. adj.; adjoin, trench on; border upon, verge upon; stand by, approximate, tread on the heels of.
	cling to, clasp, hug; huddle; hang upon the skirts of.
	hover over; burn[obs2].
	hang about, hang around, haunt.
	touch &c. 199
	bring near, draw near &c. 286; converge &c. 290; crowd &c. 72; place side by side &c. adv.
	Adj. near, nigh, nearby; by, close by, close at hand, near at hand; close, neighboring; proximate, proximal; at hand, handy; near the mark, near run; home, intimate.
	{{has_extreme: @R199, bordering upon, contiguous, adjacent, adjoining}}.
	{[when_modifying(time)]} at hand, approaching, soon, imminent, upcoming, around the corner, just around the corner, just around the bend; next; last, most recent.
	Adv. near, nigh, nearby; hard by, fast by; close to, close upon; hard upon; at the point of; next door to; at hand, close at hand, handy; within reach, within call.
	within hearing, within earshot; within an ace of; but a step, not far from, at no great distance; on the verge of, on the brink of, on the skirts of; in the environs &c. n.; at one's door, at one's feet, at one's elbow, at one's finger's end, at one's side; on the tip of one's tongue; under one's nose; within a stone's throw &c. n.; in sight of, in presence of; at close quarters; cheek by jole[obs3], cheek by jowl; beside, alongside, side by side, tete-a-tete;  yardarm to yardarm, at the heels of; on the confines of, at the threshold, bordering upon, verging to; in the way.
	about; hereabouts, thereabouts; roughly, in round numbers; approximately, approximatively[obs3]; as good as, well-nigh.
	{{has_extreme: in juxtaposition &c. (touching) 199}}.

<-- the concept of interval below is a spatial interval, which is a subtype of the abstract "disjunction, separation" at R44. But in speaking of spatial intervals, we may mean the separation itself, and sometimes the actual segment of linear space between separated points.  Here we emphasize the separation aspect.  This concept is the same as distance, but the "distance" of R196 refers to large distances. [[interval]]-->
P1.2.2.1.1.5  Interval  (R198)  [[distance]]
	#198. Interval.-- N. {{has_subtype(discontinuity, R70)}} {{has_subtype(separation, R44)}} {{has_measure: length, R200}} {{&caused_by: @M7.3.1.1.2, parting; cutting, rending, sawing}} interval, space, spatial interval, spatial separation, distance, physical separation, separation, interspace[obs3].
	discontinuity, break; gap, opening.
	{[of(time)]} interruption, interregnum; syncope.
	hiatus, caesura; interstice, lacuna, mesh.
	chink, rime, scissure[obs3].
	fault, flaw.
	fissure, breach, rent, crevice, cleft, cranny, crack, chap, split, rift, slit.
	rip, gash, cut, slice, incision.
	{{has_subtype: hole &c. R260}}.
	creek, leak, dike, ha-ha.
	chasm, gulf.
	{{has_subtype(geographical feature): canyon, gorge, defile, ravine, canon, crevasse, abyss, abysm; gulf; inlet, strait; pass, notch; furrow &c. 259; gully, gulch}}.
	yawning gulf; hiatus maxime[Lat], hiatus valde deflendus[Lat]; parenthesis &c. (interjacence) 228[obs3].
	void &c. (absence) 187; incompleteness &c. 53.
	{[of(time): interim (time) 106;  period, interlude &c. 108]}.
	V. be apart, be separate; be at a distance, lie at a distance.
	gape &c. (open) 260.
	Adj. unconnected, discontinuous, separated, with an interval, far between; breachy[obs3], rimose[obs3], rimulose[obs3].
	Adv. at intervals &c. (discontinuously) 70; longo intervallo[It].

P1.2.2.1.1.6  Contiguity
	#199. Contiguity.-- N. {{has_extreme(nearness, P1.2.2.1.1.4, R197)}} contiguity, contact, proximity, apposition, abuttal[obs3], juxtaposition; abutment, osculation; meeting, appulse[obs3], rencontre[obs3], rencounter[obs3], syzygy[Astron], coincidence, coexistence.
	adhesion &c. 46; touching &c. v. (see touch 379).
	{{property_of: borderland; frontier &c. (limit) 233}}.
	tangent; abutter.
	V. be contiguous, be in touch, be in contact, be adjacent; adjoin, join, abut on, march with; graze, touch, meet, osculate, come in contact, coincide; coexist; adhere &c. 46.
	{{&caused_by}}[transitive] juxtapose; contact.
	[transitive] {{&caused_by: join, connect (unite) 43; link (vinculum) 45}}.
	Adj. contiguous; touching, abutting, adjoining, grazing, in contact, in touch, in contiguity ; conterminous, end to end, osculatory; pertingent[obs1]; tangential; adjacent, juxtaposed.
	hand to hand; close to &c. (near) 197; with no interval &c. 198.

P1.2.2.2   LINEAR Properties (R200 to R224)   {{has_property(line)}}
<-- 		200.	Length					201.	Shortness
		202.	Breadth					203.	Narrowness
			Thickness						Thinness

Note: 	204.	Layer					205.	Filament
      to Form

Relative length
		206.	Height					207.	Lowness
		208.	Depth					209.	Shallowness
To: Orientation
		212.	Verticality				213.	Horizontality
		214.	Pendency					215.	Support
		216.	Parallelism				217. Obliquity
		218.	Inversion
		219.	Crossing

Note:	210.	Summit					211.	Base
           to Location, 

NOTE:
		220.	Exteriority				221.	Interiority
		222.	Centrality
		223.	Covering					224.	Lining   -->
		to P1.2.2.3  Centrical Dimensions

<-- area, volume  have separated listings, see R200a and R200b.
	We have also separatee lengthiness from the general concept of length, in order to properly place the adjectives. [[length]].
  These properties may refer to space or time, both of which are physical measures.  -->
P1.2.2.2.1   LINEAR Measure
P1.2.2.2.1.1   Absolute LINEAR MEASURE (R200 - R203)
	#200. Length.-- N. length, longness, longitude, span.
	mileage, distance &c. 196.
	{{has_large_quantity:  lengthiness, R200d)}}
	{{has_property}} unidimensionality.
	{{measures}} spatial separation, spatial interval.
	{{property_of(smallness, R192)}} minute length, hair, hair's breadth.
	{{property_of: @R244, line, bar, rule, stripe, streak, spoke}}.
	{[of(circle)]} {{property_of: @R244, radius, diameter, circumference}}.
	{{affected_by: lengthening, @expansion, P2.4.2.5.1}}.
	{{has_units}} line, nail, inch, hand, palm, foot, cubit, yard, ell, fathom, rood, pole, furlong, mile, league; chain, link; arpent[obs3], handbreadth[obs3], jornada [obs3][U.S.], kos[obs3], vara[obs3].
	{{has_units}} {[in_frame(astronomy)]} {{property_of(lengthiness)}} astronomical unit, AU; light-year; parsec.
	{{has_units}}} {[in_frame(metric system]} nanometer, nm, millimicron; micron, micrometer;  millimeter, mm; centimeter, cm; decimeter, dm; meter, m; kilometer, km.
	{{measured_by: @P2.3.1.3.12.3.1 Measuring instruments,  ruler, micrometer; caliper, calipers; vernier, vernier caliper; pedometer, perambulator[obs2]; range finder}}.
	V. 	be unidimensional, be one-dimensional, be linear.
	{[in_frame(perspective)]} enfilade, look along, view in perspective.
	Adj. linear, one-dimensional.
	linear, lineal; longitudinal.
	as long as my arm, as long as today and tomorrow; unshortened &c. (shorten &c. 201).
	aligned.
	Adv. lengthwise, linearly, at length, longitudinally, endlong[obs3], along; in tandem; in a line &c. (continuously) 69; in perspective.
	from end to end, from stem to stern, from head to foot, from the crown of the head to the sole of the foot, from top to toe; fore and aft.

	#200a.  Bidimensionality -- N.
	bidimensionality, two-dimensionality, planarity.
	{{property_of}} plane.
	{{property_of: surface, R220}}.
	{{has_units: square centimeter; square inch; square foot; square yard; square mile, @R200e}}.
	{{has_units: acre; hectare, @R200e}}.
 square centimeter; square inch; square foot; square yard; square mile.
	{{has_units}} acre; hectare.
	{{property_of: area, R200e}}.
	{{property_of}} polygon; circle; ellipse.
	{{has_subtype(polygon)}} triangle, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, nonagon, decagon, undecagon, dodecagon.
	{{has_subtype(rectangele)}} square; oblong; 
	{{has_subtype(polygon)}} regular polygon.
	{{has_subtype(regular polygon)}} equilateral triangle; square; regular pentagon, regular hexagon.
	{{has_subtype(triangle)}} isosceles triangle.
	V. be bidimensional, be two-dimensional.
	Adj. bidimensional, two-dimensional, planar; square; quadratic.

	#200b. Tridimensionality.
	tridimensionality.
	{{property_of: solid, P1.2.4.2.3.1}}.
	{{property_of: volume, R200f}}.
	{{studied_in: solid geometry}}.
	{{studied_in: stereochemistry}}.
	{[in_frame(painting/drawing)]} perspective.
	Adj. three-dimensional, three-D, 3-D, solid, cubic.
	stereoscopic.
	steric.

	#200c. Hypervolume.
	hypervolume.
	{{property_of: hypersolid}}.
	{{has_property}} multidimensionality.
	{{units_of}} hyperspace.

	#200d. Lengthiness.-- N.
	{{has_large_quantity(length, R200)}} {{antonym_of(shortness, R201)}} lengthiness, longness, great length.
	{[of(time)]} {{has_extreme}} endlessness.
	{[of(time)]} longevity.
	{[of(age)]} longevity.
	{{&caused_by}} lengthening, stretching, elongation; prolongation, protraction; distension.
	V. be long &c. adj.; stretch out, sprawl; extend to, reach to, stretch to; make a long arm, "drag its slow length along".
	{{&caused_by}} lengthen, extend, elongate; stretch; produce, protract; render long, render lengthy.
	{{&caused_by}} prolong, draw out, spin out[obs2],let out.
	{{&caused_by}} {[in_frame(speech)]} drawl.
	{{&caused_by}} distend (expand) 194.
	Adj. long, lengthy; lengthened, elongated, extended, outstretched, wiredrawn[obs3], longsome[obs3].
	{[when_modifying(speech, R582)]} long, lengthy, prolix, long-winded, windy, drawn out, sesquipedalian; interminable, endless, no end of; macrocolous[obs3].

	#200e. Area.
	area.
	surface area.
	{{has_units}} square centimeter; square inch; square foot; square yard.
	{{has_units}} {[of(land,  R342, P2.3.1.1.6.2.1)]} acre; hectare; square mile.
	Adj. square.

	#200f. Volume
	volume, capacity, cubic measure.
	bulk, tonnage, tunnage.
	{[of(ship)]} displacement.
	{{property_of: solid, P1.2.4.2.3.1}}.
	{{property_of}} load, cargo.
	{{has_units}} cubic inch; cubic foot; cubic yard, yard.
	{{has_units}} cubic centimeter, milliliter; liter; microliter, lambda.
	{{has_units}} bushel, peck.
	{{has_units}} truckload; wagonload; shipload; cartload[obs3]; busload; armload; fistfull.
	{{has_units}} {[in_frame(cooking)]} pinch; spoonful; teaspoon, teaspoonfull; tablespoon, tablespoonfull; heaping teaspoon; cup.
	{{has_units}} {[of(liquid)]} pint, quart, gallon.

	#201. Shortness.-- N. {{antonym_of(lengthiness, R200d)}} shortness.
	a span.
	{[in_frame(speech)]} conciseness, compactness, brevity.
	{[of(person): littleness &c. 193]}.
	{{&caused_by}} shortening; abbreviation, abbreviature[obs3]; compacting, squeezing, abridgment, concision, retrenchment, curtailment, decurtation[obs1].
	{{&caused_by: reduction &c. (contraction) 195; epitome &c. (compendium) 596}}.
	{{&caused_by}} elision, ellipsis; truncation; conciseness &c. (in style) 572.
	{[in_frame(document)]} {{performed_by: abridger; summarizer, P2.3.2.3.2.5.58}}.
	{{property_of: summary, executive summary; outline}}.
	V. be short.
	{{&caused_by}} render short &c. adj.; shorten, curtail, abridge, abbreviate, take in, reduce; compress &c. (contract) 195; epitomize &c. 596.
	{{&caused_by}} retrench, cut short, obtruncate[obs3]; scrimp, cut, chop up, hack, hew; cut down, pare down; clip, dock, lop, prune, shear, shave, mow, reap, crop; snub; truncate, pollard.
	{{&caused_by}} stunt, nip, check the growth of, nip in the bud.
	{[in_frame(drawing)]} {{&caused_by}} foreshorten.
	Adj. short; compendious, compact; stubby, scrimp.
	short by.
	{[when_modifying(sphere)]} oblate.
	{{&caused_by}} shorn, stubbed; stunted.
	{[when_modifying(person)]} stumpy, thickset, pug; chunky [U.S.], decurtate[obs3]; retrousse[obs3]; stocky; squab, squabby[obs3]; squat, dumpy; little &c. 193.
	{{&caused_by}} truncated, shortened;  cut, clipped, pruned.
	{{&caused_by}} reduced, compressed, squeezed, compacted.
	{[when_modifying(document/speech)]} brief, curt; summary.
	{[when_modifying(document/speech): concise &c. 572]}.
	{[when_modifying(document/speech)]} {{&caused_by}} abridged, summarized, abbreviated, condensed, distilled; outlined.
	{{&caused_by}} curtailed, curtailed of its fair proportions.
	Adv. shortly &c. adj.; in short &c. (concisely) 572.

<--  As with length, thickness as an abstract concept and the property of being thick are separated and distinguished here by a relation of magnitude.   -->
	#202. Breadth.-- N. breadth, width, thickness, latitude, amplitude; diameter, bore, caliber, radius; superficial extent &c. (space) 180.
	{{has_property: unidimensionality, @R200}}.
	{{has_large_quantity: thickness, R202a}}.
	{{has_small_quantity: thinness, R203}}.

	#202a. Thickness.
	{{has_large_quantity(breadth, R200)}} {{antonym_of: thinness, R203}} thickness, broadness, wideness, crassitude[obs3].
	{[of(person): obesity, fatness, corpulence &c. (size) 192]}.
	{{&caused_by: dilation &c. (expansion) 194}}.
	V. be broad &c. adj.; become broad, render broad &c. adj.; expand &c. 194; thicken, widen, calibrate.
	Adj. thick, broad, wide, ample.
	fanlike, discous[obs3]; outspread, outstretched; "wide as a church-door" [Romeo and Juliet]; latifoliate[obs3], latifolous[obs3].
	{[when_modifying(person)]} thick, dumpy, squab, squat, thickset; thick as a rope.
	{[when_modifying(room)]} spacious, capacious, roomy, immense.
	{{caused_by}} distended, extended

<-- narrowness is not a linear measure, but exclusively a property, which is the antonym of thickness at 202a. Note that the thinness of a layer is not quite the same as the thinness of a rope, but has similar expression.  The thinness of a plane is not usually referred to as narrowness, but a wall may be narrow.  So we keep both together, as in Roget. -->
	#203. Narrowness.  Thinness.-- N. {{antonym_of: thickness, R202a}}  narrowness, thinness, slenderness, fineness, slimness; tenuousness, tenuity[obs3].
	{{&caused_by: contraction, R195, P2.4.2.5.2}}.
	emaciation, macilency[obs3], marcor[obs1].
	closeness, exility[obs3]; exiguity &c. (little) 193.
	{{property_of}} monolayer.
	{{caused_by: epitaxial deposition[Engin.]}}.
	{{property_of}} monolayer.
	{{epitaxial deposition[Engin.].
	thinness &c. adj.; tenuity; emaciation, macilency[obs3], marcor[obs1].
	{{property_of}} hair's breadth, finger's breadth; strip, streak, vein.
	{{property_of: line}}.
	{{property_of:  @P1.2.4.2.3.1, R205,  slip, filament, thread, fiber}}.
	{{property_of:  @P1.2.4.2.3.1 , R204, layer, sheet, foil, film, sahving, slice}}.
	{{property_of:  paper}}.
	{{has_subtype: constriction, narrowing, @P1.2.4.3.1.11 }}.
	{{property_of:  skeleton, shadow, anatomy, spindleshanks[obs3], lantern jaws, mere skin and bone}}.
	{{property_of: @R51, A3.4, slice, shaving}}.
	V. be narrow, be slim.
	become narrow, narrow, thin.
	{{has_subtype(become narrow): @P1.2.4.3.1.11, narrow, taper, constrict}}.
	contract &c. 195.
	render narrow &c. adj; waste away.
	Adj. narrow, close; slender, thin, fine; thread-like &c. (filament) 205; finespun[obs3], gossamer; paper-thin; taper, slim, slight-made; scant, scanty; spare, delicate, incapacious[obs3].
	contracted &c. 195.
	unexpanded &c. (expand &c. 194)[obs3].
	thin as a hair, slender as a thread, thinner than a hair; wafer-thin, thin as a wafer.
	{[of(person/animal)]} emaciated, lean, meager, gaunt, macilent[obs3]; lank, lanky; weedy, skinny; scrawny  slinky[U.S.]; starved, wasted, wasted away, starveling; herring gutted; worn to a shadow, lean as a rake [Chaucer];  thin as a rail, thin as a lath, thin as a whipping post; hatchet-faced; lantern-jawed.
	attenuated, shriveled, extenuated, tabid[obs3], marcid[obs1], barebone, rawboned.
	monomolecular.

P1.2.2.2.1.2   Relative LINEAR MEASURE (R206 - R209)  [[height]]
<-- linear measure relative to a surface. As with length, break away the abstract property from the property of being high. -->
	N. linear measure relative to a surface.

P1.2.2.2.1.2.1  Height  (R206)
	#206. Height.
	N. {{has_subtype(length, R200)}} {{has_subtype(spatial interval, R198)}} {{property_of(above)}} height, altitude, elevation; distance above a surface.
	eminence, pitch.
	loftiness &c. adj.; sublimity.
	altimetry &c. (angel) 244; batophobia[obs3].

P1.2.2.2.1.2.2  Highness  (R206a)
	#206a. Highness.
	N. {{antonym_of(lowness, R207)}} {{has_large_quantity(height, R106)}} highness, tallness, loftiness.
	stature, procerity[obs3]; prominence &c. 250.
	{{has_metaphor}} Everest.
	{{property_of}} colossus &c. (size) 192; giant, grenadier, giraffe, camelopard.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.1.6.2.1, R342, highland, mount, mountain, peak; hill, alto, butte, promontory; ridge, dune, uplands; heights; bluff, cliff}}.
	{{property_of:  @P2.3.1.3.10.4, tower, pillar, column, monument, steeple, spire, minaret, campanile, turret, dome, cupola}}.
	{{property_of: skyscraper, P2.3.1.3.10.2.2}}.
	{{property_of:  obelisk, @P2.3.1.3.14.1}}.
	{{property_of}} pole, pikestaff, maypole, flagstaff; top mast, topgallant mast.
	{{property_of: @R223, roof, ceiling, covering}}.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.1.6.1.2,  high water; high tide, flood tide, spring tide}}.
	{{property_of: moon, satellite, spy-in-the-sky}}.
	V. be high &c. adj.; tower, soar, command; hover, hover over, fly over;orbit, be in orbit; cap, culminate; overhang, hang over, impend, beetle, bestride, ride, mount; perch, surmount; cover &c. 223; overtop &c. (be superior) 33; stand on tiptoe.
	become high &c. adj.; grow higher, grow taller; upgrow[obs3]; rise &c. (ascend) 305;send into orbit.
	render high &c. adj.; heighten &c. (elevate) 307.
	Adj. high, elevated, eminent, exalted, lofty, tall; gigantic &c. (big) 192; Patagonian; towering, beetling, soaring, hanging [gardens]; elevated &c. 307; upper; highest &c. (topmost) 210; high reaching, insessorial[obs3], perching.
	{[of(land)]} upland, moorland; hilly, knobby [U.S.]; mountainous, alpine, subalpine, heaven kissing; cloudtopt[obs3], cloudcapt[obs3], cloudtouching[obs3]; aerial.
	overhanging &c. v. ; incumbent, overlying, superincumbent[obs3], supernatant, superimposed; prominent &c. c. 250.
	tall as a maypole, tall as a poplar, tall as a steeple, lanky &c. (thin) 203.
	Adv. on high, high up, aloft, up, above, aloof, overhead; airwind[obs3]; upstairs, abovestairs[obs3]; in the clouds; on tiptoe, on stilts, on the shoulders of; over head and ears; breast high.
	over, upwards; from top to bottom &c. (completely) 52.
	Phr. high as a kite; e meglio cader dalle finistre che dal tetto[It].

P1.2.2.2.1.2.3.  Lowness(R207)
	#207. Lowness.
	N. {{antonym_of(highness, R206a)}} lowness &c. adj.; debasement, depression, prostration &c. (horizontal) 213; depression &c. (concave) 252.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.1.6.2.1,  R342, molehill; lowlands}}.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.10.2,  basement floor, ground floor; rez de chaussee[Fr]; cellar; subbasement}}.
	{{has_part(ship, R273)}} {{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.16.3, hold, bilge}}.
	{{has_part(person)}} {{property_of: feet, heels}}.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.1.6.1.2, low water; low tide, ebb tide, neap tide, spring tide}}.
	V. be low; lie low, lie flat; underlie; crouch, slouch, wallow, grovel; lower &c. (depress) 308.
	Adj. low, neap, debased; nether, nether most.
	underground.
	flat, level with the ground; lying low &c. v.; crouched, subjacent, squat.
	prostrate &c. (horizontal) 213.
	Adv. under; beneath, underneath; below; downwards; adown[obs3], at the foot of; under foot, under ground; down stairs, below stairs; at a low ebb; below par.
	Phr.  Lower than a snake's belly.

P1.2.2.2.1.2.4  Depth  (R208)
	#208. Depth. -- N. {{has_subtype(spatial interval, R198)}}  {{property_of(below)}} depth, deepness; profundity.
	{{property_of: depression &c. (concavity) 252}}.
	{{of(land)}} {{property_of}} hollow, pit, shaft, well, crater.
	{{of(land)}} {{property_of}} {{property_of(mythological)}} bowels of the earth, bottomless pit, hell.
	{{property_of: gulf &c. R198}}.
	{{property_of}} subterranean feature.
	{{measured_by(subterranean feature): seismology; seismograph, seismometer}}.
	{{of(water)}} {{measured_by}} soundings, depth of water, water, submersion.
	{{of(ship's hull)}} draft, draught.
	{{of(water)}} {{measured_by}} bathymetry.
	{{of(water)}} {{measured_by}} {{has_subtype(measuring instrument, P2.3.1.3.12.3)}} sonar, side-looking sonar; bathometer; plummet, sound, probe; sounding rod, sounding line; lead.
	V. be deep &c. adj.; render deep &c. adj.; deepen.
	plunge &c. 310; sound, fathom, plumb, cast the lead, heave the lead, take soundings, make soundings; dig &c. (excavate) 252.
	Adj.  deep, deep seated; profound, sunk, buried.
	{{property_of: submerged &c. 310}}.
	{{of(water)}} subaqueous, submarine.
	{{of(land)}} subterranean, subterraneous, subterrene[obs3]; underground.
	{{has_high_level}} bottomless, soundless, fathomless; unfathomed, unfathomable; abysmal; deep as a well; bathycolpian[obs3]; benthal[obs3], benthopelagic[obs3]; downreaching[obs3], yawning.
	knee deep, ankle deep.
	Adv. beyond one's depth, out of one's depth; over head and ears; mark twine, mark twain.

P1.2.2.2.1.2.5  Shallowness  (R209)
	#209. Shallowness. -- N. shallowness; superficiality.
	{{property_of}} shoals; mere scratch.
	Adj. shallow; slight, superficial.
	skin deep, ankle deep, knee deep; just enough to wet one's feet; shoal, shoaly[obs3].

<-- Linear orientation is a relation between lines or between a line and a surface -->
P1.2.2.2.2   Linear Orientation  (R212, R213, R216, R217)
	{{has_subtype(spatial relation, @R9, @A2.1)}} linear orientation.

P1.2.2.2.2.1  Verticality
	#212. Verticality. -- N. {{property_of(perpendicular to a surface, @R216a)}} {{conceptual_part_of(gravity)}} verticality; erectness, uprightness.
	{{has_conceptual_part: right angle, normal; azimuth circle}}.
	elevation, erection; square.
	{{measured_by:  plumb line, plummet}}.
	{{property_of: wall, precipice, cliff}}.
	V. be vertical,  be upright, be erect, be perpendicular, be plumb, be normal; stand up, stand on end, stand erect, stand upright; stick up, cock up, point upward.
	render vertical &c. adj.; set up, stick up, raise up, cock up; erect, rear, raise on its legs.
	Adj. vertical, upright, erect, perpendicular, plumb, normal, straight, bolt upright; rampant; standing up &c. v.; rectangular, orthogonal &c. 216a.
	Adv. vertically &c. adj.; up, on end; up on end, right on end; a plomb[Fr], endwise; one one's legs; at right angles.

<-- horizontality and flatness are different.  Horizontality is a property of a line, flatness is a property of a plane.  So we separate them -->
P1.2.2.2.2.2  Horizontality  (R213)
	#213. Horizontality. -- N. {{property_of(parallel to a surface, @R216)}} {{conceptual_part_of(gravity)}} horizontality, levelness.
	level, dead level.
	{{conceptual_part_of: @P1.2.4.3.1.2, R251, flatness; plane; stratum &c. 204; dead flat; level plane}}.
	recumbency, lying down &c. v.; reclination[obs3], decumbence[obs3]; decumbency[obs3], discumbency[obs1]; proneness &c. adj.; accubation[obs3], supination[obs3], resupination[obs3], prostration; azimuth.
	{{property_of: plain, R344; floor, platform; billiard table; terrace, estrade[obs3], esplanade, parterre}}.
	{{property_of: bowling green; cricket ground; croquet ground, croquet lawn}}.
	{{has_subtype(plain, R344, P2.3.1.1.6.2.2)}} {{property_of:  table land, plateau, ledge; butte; mesa}}.
	{{measured_by: level, spirit level; transit}}.
	V. be horizontal &c. adj.; lie, recline, couch; lie down, lie flat, lie prostrate; sprawl, loll, sit down.
	render horizontal &c. adj.; lay down, lay out; level, flatten; prostrate, knock down, floor, fell.
	Adj. horizontal, level, even, plane.
	{{similar_to}} flat &c. 251; flat as a billiard table, flat as a bowling green; alluvial; calm, calm as a mill pond; smooth, smooth as glass.
	recumbent, decumbent, procumbent, accumbent[obs3]; lying &c. v.; prone, supine, couchant, jacent[obs3], prostrate, recubant[obs3].
	Adv. horizontally &c. adj.; on one's back, on all fours, on its beam ends.

<-- pendency and support include both orientation (vertical in a graviataional field) and position (below, above) and also contact, connection -->
P1.2.2.2.2.3  Pendency  (R214)
	#214. Pendency. -- N. pendency[obs3], dependency; suspension, hanging, dangling.
	{{property_of}} pedicel, pedicle, peduncle.
	{{property_of}} {{&has_part(clothing): tail, train, flap, skirt}}.
	{{property_of}} {{has_subtype(hair style): pigtail, pony tail}}.
	{{property_of: pendulum}}.
	{{property_of}} hangnail.
	{{function_of: @P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.1, fastener, hook, peg, knob, button, nail, stud, ring, staple, tenterhook; spar, horse}}.
	V. be pendent &c. adj.; hang, depend, swing, dangle, droop; swag; daggle[obs3], flap, trail, flow; beetle.
	suspend, hang, sling, hook up, hitch, fasten to, append.
	Adj. pendent, pendulous; pensile; hanging, dangling, drooping; beetling, jutting over, overhanging, projecting; dependent; suspended &c. v.; loose, flowing.
	having a peduncle &c. n.; pedunculate[obs3], tailed, caudate.

P1.2.2.2.2.4  Support  (R215)
	#215. Support. -- N. support, ground, foundation, base, basis; terra firma; bearing, fulcrum, bait [U.S.], caudex crib[obs3]; point d'appui[Fr], <gr/pou sto/gr>, purchase footing, hold, locus standi[Lat]; landing place, landing  stage; stage, platform; block; rest, resting place.
	groundwork, substratum, riprap, sustentation, subvention.
	floor &c. (basement) 211.
	supporter; aid &c. 707; prop, stand, anvil, fulciment[obs1]; cue rest, jigger; monkey; stay, shore, skid, rib, truss, bandage; sleeper; stirrup, stilts, shoe, sole, heel, splint, lap, bar, rod, boom, sprit[obs3], outrigger; ratlings[obs3].
	staff, stick, crutch, alpenstock, baton, staddle[obs3]; bourdon[obs3], cowlstaff[obs3], lathi[obs3], mahlstick[obs3].
	{{function_of}} {{property_of(verticality)}} {{has_part(building, P2.3.1.3.10.2): post, pillar, shaft,  column, pilaster; pediment, pedicle; plinth, ; buttress, jamb, mullion, abutment; baluster, banister, stanchion; balustrade; upright; door post, jamb, door jamb}}.
	{{function_of}} headstone.
	{{function_of}} pedestal.
	{{function_of}} shank, leg, socle[obs3], zocle[obs3].
	{{function_of}} {{has_part(building, P2.3.1.3.10.2): frame, framework, skeleton; scaffold, scaffolding; beam, rafter, girder, lintel, joist, corner stone, summer, transom; rung, round, step, sill; angle rafter, hip rafter; cantilever; crown post, king post; mantel, mantle piece}}.
	{{function_of}} backbone, spine, vertebra, vertebrae, columella[obs3]; keystone; axle, axletree; axis; arch, mainstay.
	{{function_of}} trunnion, pivot, rowlock[obs3]; peg &c. (pendency) 214[obs3]; tiebeam &c. (fastening) 45; thole pin[obs3].
	{{function_of: @furniture, P2.3.1.3.20, board, ledge, shelf, hob, bracket, trevet[obs3], trivet, arbor, rack; slab, console}}.
	{{function_of: @furniture, P2.3.1.3.20, counter, dresser; flange, corbel ; table, trestle; shoulder; perch; horse; easel, desk; clotheshorse, hatrack; retable; teapoy[obs3].; mantel, mantle piece}}.
	{{function_of: @furniture, P2.3.1.3.20, seat, throne, dais; divan, musnud[obs3]; chair, bench, form, stool, sofa, settee, love seat; stall, booth, pew; arm chair, easy chair, elbow chair, rocking chair; couch, fauteuil[Fr], woolsack[obs3], ottoman, settle, squab; aparejo[obs3], faldstool[obs3], horn; long chair, long sleeve chair, morris chair; wing chair; lamba chauki[obs3], lamba kursi[obs3]}}.
	{{function_of: @furniture, P2.3.1.3.20, saddle, pannel[obs3], pillion; side saddle, pack saddle; pommel}}.
	{{function_of: @furniture, P2.3.1.3.20, bed, berth, pallet, tester, crib, cot, hammock, shakedown, trucklebed[obs3], cradle, litter, stretcher, bedstead; four poster, French bed, bunk, kip, palang[obs3]; bedding, bichhona, mattress, paillasse[obs3]; pillow, bolster; mat, rug, cushion}}.
	{{function_of: @furniture, P2.3.1.3.20, footstool, hassock; tabouret[obs3]; tripod, monopod}}.
	{{performed_by: Atlas, Persides, Atlantes[obs3], Caryatides, Hercules}}.
	V. be supported &c.; lie on, sit on, recline on, lean on, loll on, rest on, stand on, step on, repose on, abut on, bear on, be based on &c.; have at one's back; bestride, bestraddle[obs3].
	support, bear, carry, hold, sustain, shoulder; hold up, back up, bolster up, shore up; uphold, upbear[obs3]; prop; under prop, under pin, under set; riprap; bandage &c. 43.
	give support, furnish support, afford support, supply support, lend support, give foundations, furnish foundations, afford foundations, supply foundations, lend foundations; bottom, found, base, ground, imbed, embed.
	maintain, keep on foot; aid &c. 707.
	Adj. supporting, supported &c. v.; fundamental; dorsigerous[obs3].
	Adv. astride on, straddle.

P1.2.2.2.2.5  Parallelism (R216)
	#216. Parallelism. -- N. {{antonym_of(perpendicularity, R216a)}} parallelism; coextension[obs3]; equidistance[obs3].
	{[of(action): similarity &c. 17]}.
	parallelism to a surface.
	Adj. parallel; coextensive; equidistant.
	Adv. alongside &c. (laterally) 236.

P1.2.2.2.2.6  Perpendicularity (R216a)
	#216a. Perpendicularity -- N.  {{antonym_of(paralellism,  R216)}} perpendicularity, orthogonality.
	{{has_conceptual_part: right angle}}.
	perpendicularity to a surface.
	{{has_subtype(perpendicularity to a surface): verticality,  R212}}.
	V. be perpendicular, be orthogonal; intersect at right angles, be rectangular, be at right angles to, intersect at 90 degrees; have no correlation.
	Adj.  orthogonal, perpendicular; rectangular; uncorrelated.

P1.2.2.2.2.7  Obliquity
	#217. Obliquity. -- N. obliquity, inclination, slope, slant, crookedness; slopeness[obs3].
	leaning &c. v.; bevel, tilt; bias, list, twist, swag, cant, lurch.
	{{similar_to: distortion &c. 243; bend &c. (curve) 245}}.
	{{property_of: Leaning tower of Pisa}}.
	{{property_of: oblique angle}}.
	{[of(land)]} acclivity, rise, ascent, gradient, khudd[obs3], rising ground, hill, bank, declivity, downhill, dip, fall, devexity[obs1]; gentle slope, rapid slope, easy ascent, easy descent; shelving beach; talus; monagne Russe[Fr]; facilis descensus averni[Lat].
	V. be oblique; intersect; lack parallelism.

P1.2.2.2.2.8  Reversal [[reversal]]
	#218. Reversal. -- N. reversal, reversion, retroversion; turn of the tide.
	inversion, eversion, subversion, introversion.
	{{similar_to: contraposition &c. 237; contrariety &c. 14}}.
	overturn; somersault, somerset; revulsion; pirouette; summerset[obs3]; culbute[obs3].
	transposition, metastasis, transposal[obs3]; metathesis; hysteron proteron[Grk], parenthesis[obs2], anastrophy[obs3], hyperbaton[obs3], anastrophe[obs3],  hypallage[obs3], synchysis[obs3], tmesis[obs3].
	pronation and supination[Anat].
	{{property_of}} palindrome.
	V. [intransitive] be inverted, be reversed; reverse, turn around, turn about; turn to the right about, go round, go about, go to the right about, wheel round, wheel about, wheel to the right about.
	[intransitive] turn over, overturn, go over, tilt over, topple over; capsize, turn turtle.
	[transitive] reverse; invert, subvert, retrovert[obs3], introvert; up turn, overturn, up set, over set; turn topsy turvy &c. adj.; culbuter[obs3]; transpose, put the cart before the horse; turn the tables.
	Adj. inverted &c. v.; wrong side out, wrong side up; inside out, upside down; bottom upwards, keel upwards; supine, on one's head, topsy-turvy, sens dessus dessous[Fr].
	inverse; reverse &c. (contrary) 14; opposite &c. 237.
	top heavy.
	Adv. inversely &c. adj.; hirdy-girdy[obs3]; heels over head, head over heels.
	Phr.  the tail wagging the dog.

P1.2.2.2.2.9  Crossing   [[network]]
	#219. Crossing. -- N. {{conceptual_part_of(angle)}} crossing &c. v.; intersection, interdigitation; decussation[obs3], transversion[obs3].
	convolution &c. 248.
	{{property_of(multiplicity)}} network.
	{{property_of(multiplicity)}} grid, gridwork, lattice.
	{{has_subtype(grid)}}  mesh, net, plexus, web; plait, trellis, wattle, reticle.
	{{has_large_quantity(fiber)}} {{has_subtype(grid)}} weave, woven material.
	{{caused_by(network)}} reticulation; inosculation[obs3], anastomosis, intertexture[obs3], mortise.
	{{formed_by(weave)}} weaving, interweaving.
	{{has_subtype(weave)}} twill, skein, sleeve; mat, matting, tracery, fretwork, filigree; tissue, netting, mokes[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(grid)}} grating, grille, gridiron.
	{{part_of(grid): graph, graph paper; coordinates}}.
	{{has_subtype(network)}} felt, lace; wicker.
	{{property_of}} cross, chain, wreath, braid, cat's cradle, knot; entangle &c. (disorder) 59. 
	{{has_subtype(network)}} {{has_subtype(fiber material, P2.3.1.3.1.2.6)}} {{property_of(woven): cloth, fabric; linen, muslin, cambric}}.
	{{property_of: webfoot[web-footed animal] }}.
	{{&has_part(highway/road): level crossing}}.
	V. cross, decussate[obs3]; intersect, interlace, intertwine, intertwist[obs3], interweave, interdigitate, interlink.
	twine, entwine, weave, inweave[obs3], twist, wreathe; anastomose[Med], inosculate[obs3], dovetail, splice, link; lace, tat.
	mat, plait, plat, braid, felt, twill; tangle, entangle, ravel; net, knot; dishevel, raddle[obs3].
	Adj. crossing, crossed, intersecting; entwining, intertwining; matted, twisted, interwoven; transverse.
	cross, cruciform, crucial; reticular, reticulated, retiform[obs3]; areolar[obs3], cancellated[obs3], grated, barred, streaked; textile; crossbarred[obs3], cruciate[obs3], palmiped[obs3], secant; web-footed.
	Adv. cross, thwart, athwart, transversely; at grade [U.S.]; crosswise.

P1.2.2.3  Solid Relations (R220 to R224 and R225 to R239)  
	<-- 
		Roget Name: CENTRICAL DIMENSIONS 
		That is, dimensions having reference to a center  -->
<--  Moved to here from linear dimensions:
P1.2.2.3.1  Exterior relations
 		220.	Exteriority			223.	Covering

	1. General.....	
		225.	Investment			227.	Surroundings, Circumjacence			229.	Circumscription
		230.	Outline
		231.	Edge
		232.	Enclosure
		233.	Limit
	2. Special...	
		234.	Front					235.	Rear
		236.	Laterality				237.	Contraposition
		238.	Dextrality				239.	Sinistrality    -->

to Interior: 		221.	Interiority
				222.	Centrality  
				224.	Lining  
				228.	Interjacence

(exit??) 		226.	Divestment
<-- the Roget "exteriority" had the concept of "surface, outside part" mixed with externality, which has the property of extraneousness (R57).  We separate the two by making 220 be surface only, and adding 220a.  A number of words (e.g. outside) have both senses. -->

P1.2.2.3.1  Exterior Relation
	N.  exterior relation.

P1.2.2.3.1.1  Surface  (R220)  [[surface]]
	#220. Surface.
	N. {{antonym_of(interior, R221)}}  {{has_part(solid, P1.2.4.2.3.1)}} surface, outside, exterior; superficies, superstratum[obs3].
	{{location_of: skin &c. (covering) 223}}
	face, facet; disk, disc; extrados[obs3].
	{{has_property}} superficiality, exteriority[obs3]; excentricity[obs3]; eccentricity.
	{{property_of(interposition, R228)}} interface.
	{[of(liquid)]} {{has_subtype(interface)}} meniscus.
	{{has_property: circumjacence &c. 227}}.
	{{location_of: @P2.3.1.3.6.7.1, surface pattern, design}}.
	V. lie on the surface, lie on the outside.
	place exteriorly, place outwardly, place outside; put out, turn out.
	Adj. superficial, exterior, external, surface, on the surface; outer most; outward, outlying, outside.
	interfacial.
	skin-deep; frontal, discoid.
	extraregarding[obs3]; excentric[obs3], eccentric; outstanding; ecdemic[Med], exomorphic[obs3].
	Adv. superficially, externally; out, with out, over, outwards, ab extra, out of doors; extra muros[Lat].

P1.2.2.3.1.2  Exterior  (R220a)   [[exterior]]
	#220a. Exterior.
	N. {{property_of(extraneousness, R57)}} exterior, outside.
	{{similar_to}} foreign.
	{[in_frame(hospital therapy): outpatient]}.
	{{property_of}} outlier.
	V. be exterior, be outside; lie around &c. 227.
	Adj. outside, external, exterior; apart, outlying.
	extraneous, extrinsic.
	outdoor; round about &c. 227.
	extramural; extralimitary[obs3], extramundane.
	Adv. externally.
	extraneously, extrinsically.
	extramurally.
	outdoors, out-of-doors, in the open air; sub Jove[Lat], sub dio[Lat]; a la belle etoile[Fr], al fresco.

[[envelopment]] -->

<--  	R225. Investment, Clothing. Clothing Moved to physical objects, artifacts  P2.3.1.3
Investment in the abstract belongs here   
-->
P1.2.2.3.1.3  Envelopment  (R225)
	#225. Envelopment. Investment.
	N.  {{antonym_of(divestment, R225)}} envelopment, investment; wrapping.
	{{has_subtype: covering, R223}}.
	{{property_of: envelope; clothing; wrapper, @P2.3.1.3}}.
	V. invest; envelope, lap, involve; inwrap[obs3], enwrap; wrap.
	cover &c. 223.
	fold up, wrap up, lap up, muffle up; overlap; sheath, swathe, swaddle, roll up in, circumvest.

P1.2.2.3.1.3.1  Covering  (R233)
	#223. Covering. -- N. covering, cover; blanket.
	coating.
	pelliccle.
	cortex.
	{[of(fruit)]} peel, rind.
	shell, coat.
	canopy.
	{{has_subtype(canopy)}} baldachin, baldachino[obs3], baldaquin[obs3]; tilt, awning, tent, marquee, tente d'abri[Fr], umbrella, parasol, sunshade.
	{{has_subtype: veil (shade) 424; shield &c. (defense) 717}}.
	{{has_part(building, P2.3.1.3.10.2  ): roof, ceiling, thatch, tile; pantile, pentile[obs3]; tiling, slates, slating, leads}}.
	barrack [U.S.], plafond, planchment [obs3][U.S.], shed &c. (abode) 189}}.
	top, lid, covercle[obs1], door, operculum; bulkhead [U.S.].
	{[of(skin, wound)]} bandage, plaster, lint, wrapping, dossil[obs3], finger stall.
	{[of(bed)]} coverlet, counterpane, sheet, bedsheet, quilt, tarpaulin, blanket, comforter.
	{[of(floor)]} rug, carpet, drugget[obs3], throw rug; linoleum.
	{[of(mechanism)]} housing, casing, case.
	{[of(chair)]} antimacassar.
	{[of(pillow)]} pillowcase, pillowslip[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(cloth)}} saddle cloth, blanket cloth; tidy; tilpah [obs3][U.S.], apishamore [obs3][U.S.].
	{{has_part(pillow)}} eiderdown, numdah[obs3].
	skin, pelt, hide, peltry[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(skin)}} leather.
	{{has_part(hide)}} fleece, fell, fur, shagreen[obs3]; cordwain[obs3].
	integument , tegument; derm[obs3].
	robe, buffalo robe [U.S.].
	cuticle, scarfskin, epidermis. 
	clothing &c. 225; mask &c. (concealment) 530.
	{[of(tree)]} bark.
	{of(road)]} pavement.
	{of(egg)]} eggshell, glume[obs3].
	{[of(seed)]} pod, cod, husk.
	capsule; sheath, sheathing;  theca[obs3]; elytron[obs3]; elytrum[obs3]; involucrum[Lat]; wrapping, wrapper; envelope, vesicle; corn husk, corn shuck [U.S.]; dermatology, conchology; testaceology[obs3].
	inunction[obs3]; incrustation, superimposition, superposition, obduction[obs1];  scale &c. (layer) 204.
	[specific coverings: list] veneer, facing.
	{{has_subtype(coating)}} overlay; plate, plating, barrel plating.
	{{has_subtype(coating)}} enamel.
	{{has_subtype(plate)}} silver plate, gold plate, copper plate; engobe[obs3]; ormolu; Sheffield plate; zinc coat.
	{{has_subtype(coating)}} {{has_subtype(liquid)}} {{property_of(applied)}} paint, whitewash; glaze, gloss, finish; primiming, prime coat, primer;  varnish &c. (resin) 356a.
	{{has_subtype(coating)}} {{property_of(applied)}} {{has_subtype(semiliquid)}}ground, plaster, spackel, stucco, compo; cerement.
	anointing &c. v.;   ointment &c. (grease) 356.
	epitaxial deposition[Engin], vapor deposition.
	{{result_of}} {{&result_of(@P1.2.4.3.1.10, closure, impermeability)}} covering; taping; spackling, cementing, plastering; waxing, priming, painting, lacquering, shellacing.

	V. cover; superpose, superimpose; overlay, overspread; wrap &c. 225; encase, incase[obs3]; face, case, veneer, pave, paper; tip, cap, bind; bulkhead, bulkhead in; clapboard [U.S.].
	coat, paint, varnish, pay, incrust, stucco, dab, plaster, tar; wash; besmear, bedaub; dip; anoint, do over; gild, plate, japan, lacquer, lacker[obs3], enamel, whitewash; parget[obs3]; lay it on thick.
	overlie, overarch[obs3]; endome[obs3]; conceal &c. 528.
	{[of(aluminum)]} anodize.
	{[of(steel)]} galvanize.
	Adj. covering &c. v.; superimposed, overlaid, plated &c. v.; cutaneous, dermal, cortical, cuticular, tegumentary[obs3], skinny, scaly, squamous[Anat]; covered &c. v.; imbricated, loricated[obs3], armor plated, ironclad; under cover; cowled, cucullate[obs3], dermatoid[obs3], encuirassed[obs3], hooded, squamiferous[obs3], tectiform[obs3]; vaginate[obs3].

P1.2.2.3.1.4  Divestment  (R226)
	#226. Divestment.
	N. {{antonym_of(investment, R224)}} divestment, uncovering; taking off, removing.
	{[of(person)]} undressing, disrobing.
	{{has_result}} nudity, nakedness, bareness.
	{{has_result(undressing)}}  undress; the altogether, one's birthday suit [coll.].
	denudation, nudation[obs3]; decortication, excoriation, desquamation.
	{[of(hair)]} depilation.
	molting; defoliation, exfoliation; trichosis[Med].
	V. divest; uncover.
	{{antonym_of(cover,  R223)}}.
	denude, bare, strip; disfurnish[obs3].
	undress, disrobe &c. (dress, enrobe &c. 225).
	uncoif[obs3]; dismantle; put off, take off, cast off; doff; peel, pare, decorticate, excoriate, skin, scalp, flay; expose, lay open.
	defoliate, exfoliate, molt, mew; cast the skin.
	Adj. divested &c. v.; bare, naked, nude; undressed, undraped; denuded; exposed; in dishabille; bald, threadbare, ragged, callow, roofless.
	in a state of nature, in nature's garb, in the buff, in native buff, in one's birthday suit; in puris naturalibus[Lat]; with nothing on, stark naked, stark raving naked [joc.]; bald as a coot, bare as the back of one's hand; barefoot; bareback, barebacked; leafless, napless[obs3], hairless.
	out at elbows.

<-- [[environment]] -  R227, surroundings, does not imply any limitation, wherease R229, circumscription, implies some sort of limitation.  ->
P1.2.2.3.1.5  Surroundings  (R227)
	#227. Surroundings. -- N. {{has_subtype(circumstance, R8)}} {{has_subtype(region, R181)}} {{property_of(nearness, R197)}} surroundings, environment.
	{{has_property}} encompassment, surrounding, encircling, circumjacence[obs3], circumambience[obs3].
	atmosphere; medium.
	ambiance, milieu.
	background, setting, scene.
	neighborhood, environs, precinct, precincts, haunt, vicinage, vicinity.
	{[of(city)]} suburbs.
	{{has_extreme}} outpost.
	{{has_extreme:  border &c. (edge) 231}}.
	outskirts, boulebards[obs3], purlieus, faubourgs[obs3], entourage[obs2], banlieue[obs3]}}.
	{{has_subtype: girdle &c. (circumference) 230}}.
	V. surround, beset, compass, encompass, environ, inclose, enclose, encircle, embrace, circumvent, lap, gird; belt; begird, engird[obs3]; skirt, twine round.
	lie around, lie about, lie on all sides, be on all sides, lie round about.
	{{similar_to: hem in &c. (circumscribe) 229}}.
	Adj. circumjacent, circumambient[obs3], circumfluent[obs3]; ambient; surrounding &c. v.; circumferential, suburban.
	Adv. around, about; without; on every side; on all sides; right and left, all round, round about.

P1.2.2.3.1.6  Circumscription  (R229)
	#229. Circumscription. -- N. {{has_subtype(surroundings, R227)}} {{has_subtype(@751, confinement, restraint}} circumscription, limitation, inclosure, enclosure.
	{{has_result: limit, R233}}.
	circumvallation[obs3]; encincturing.
	{{function_of: envelope &c. 232}}.
	{{function_of: container (receptacle) 191}}.
	{{has_result}} confines.
	{{has_subtype}} {{property_of(partial)}} embracement, partial circumscription.
	V. {{has_subtype(surround, R227)}} circumscribe, limit, bound, confine, inclose, enclose, encincture; delimit.
	compass about; hem in, hedge in, wall in, rail in; fence round, fence in,hedge round; picket; corral.
	encyst.
	{{has_subtype: imprison &c. (restrain) 751}}.
	enfold, bury, encase, incase[obs3], pack up, enshrine, inclasp[obs3]; wrap up &c. (invest) 225.
	embrace, partly enclose, embay[obs3], embosom[obs3].
	containment (inclusion) 76.
	Adj. circumscribed &c. v.; begirt[obs3], lapt[obs3]; buried in, immersed in; embosomed[obs3], in the bosom of, imbedded, encysted, mewed up; imprisoned &c. 751; landlocked, in a ring fence.

<-- limit here is a conceptual item.  The physical limit is under edge, R231 -->
P1.2.2.3.1.7  Limit  (R233)
	#233. Limit. -- N. limit, boundary, bounds, perimeter.
	termination, terminus; stint, frontier.
	precinct, marches; backwoods.
	boundary line, landmark; line of demarcation, line of circumvallation[obs3]
	turning point, point of no return, fail-safe point; ne plus ultra[Lat].
	{{has_metaphor(point of no return)}} Rubicon; pillars of Hercules.
	confine, enclave, term, bourn, verge, curbstone[obs3], but[obs2], butt[obs2], pale, reservation.
	{[of(real estate)]} metes and bounds, property line.
	{[in_frame(gambling)]}  maximum  bet.
	Adj. definite; conterminate[obs1], conterminable[obs3]; terminal, frontier; bordering.
	Adv. thus far, thus far and no further.
	Phr. stick to the reservation; go beyond the pale.

P1.2.2.3.1.7.1  Outline  (R230)
	#230. Outline.
	N. {{has_subtype(edge, R231)}} outline, circumference, perimeter, periphery; ambit, circuit, lines, tournure[obs3], contour.
	profile, silhouette; cartoon.
	bounds; coast line.
	{{location_of(@R181, zone, region, area)}}.
	{{has_subtype}} belt, girth, band, baldric, zodiac, girdle, cingle[obs3], clasp, girt.
	{{has_subtype: cordon &c. (enclosure) 232; circlet, &c. 247}}.

<-- the difference between an edge, R231  and a limit, R233: an edge is a part of a physical object, but a limit may be only an imaginary line, such as a property line or a country's border  -->
P1.2.2.3.1.7.2  Edge   (R231)
	#231. Edge. -- N. {{has_subtype(limit, R233)}} {{has_part(inclosure, R221/enclosure, R232)}} edge, margin, border.
	brink, rim, brim.
	threshold, verge.
	brow, confine, skirt, flange, side.
	mouth; jaws, chops, chaps, fauces; lip, muzzle.
	{{has_subtype(threshhold)}} {{has_part(building: door, porch; portal &c. (opening) 260}}.
	{[of(ocean)]} coast, shore.
	{[of(river)]} bank.
	frame.
	{[of(cloth)]} fringe, flounce, frill, list, trimming, edging, skirting, hem, selvedge, welt, furbelow, valance, gimp.
	{[of(water)]} {{function_of(control)}} sluice, floodgate.
	Adj. border, marginal, skirting; labial, labiated[obs3], marginated[obs3].

P1.2.2.3.1.7.2.1  Side   (R234 to 239)  [[side]]

<--
2.  Special
	2. Special...	
		234.	Front					235.	Rear
		210.	Summit				211.	Base     
		236.	Laterality				237.	Contraposition
		238.	Dextrality				239.	Sinistrality    -->
[[front]]
-->
P1.2.2.3.1.7.2.1.1  Front (R234)
	#234. Front. -- N. {{antonym_of(Rear, R235)}} front, front side; fore, forepart;  face,  frontage.
	facade, proscenium, facia[Lat], frontispiece.
	{{has_property}} anteriority[obs3].
	{[of(medal/coin]} obverse.
	foreground; disk, disc.
	{{location_of}} fore rank, front rank.
	{{location_of}} outpost; first line.
	{{location_of: @P2.3.2.3.2.5.15, scout; van, vanguard; advanced guard}}.
	{[of(head)]} brow, forehead, visage, physiognomy, phiz[obs3], countenance, mut[obs3].
	{[of(animal)]} rostrum, beak.
	{[of(ship)]} stem, prow, bow, prore[obs3], jib.
	{{location_of: precursor, R64}}.
	{{property_of(frontmost): @P2.3.2.3.2.5.15, pioneer}}.
	{{studied_in(physiognomy)}} {{property_of(pseudoscientific, @R477a)}} metoposcopy[obs3].
	V. be in front, stand in front, stand before, be ahead.
	front, face, confront; bend forwards.
	come foreward, step foreward, come to the front, come to the fore.
	Adj. fore, anterior, front, frontal; frontmost.
	metopic.
	Adv. before; in front, in the van, in advance; ahead, right ahead; forehead, foremost; in the foreground, in the lee of; before one's face, before one's eyes; face to face, vis-a-vis; front a front.
	Phr. formosa muta commendatio est [Lat][Syrus]; frons est animi janua [Lat][Cicero]; "Human face divine" [Milton]; imago animi vultus est indices oculi [Lat][Cicero]; "sea of upturned faces" [Scott].

P1.2.2.3.1.7.2.1.2  Rear  (R235)
	#235. Rear. -- N. rear, back, back side, posterior.
	{{has_property}} posteriority.
	{{property_of}} rear rank, rear guard.
	{{property_of}} background, hinterland.
	{[of(body)]} nape; occiput[Anat]; heels; tail, rump, croup, buttock, posteriors, backside scut[obs3], breech, dorsum, loin; dorsal region, chine, lumbar region; hind quarters; aitchbone[obs3]; natch, natch bone.
	{[of(ship_]} stern, poop, afterpart[obs3], heelpiece[obs3], crupper.
	{{location_of: wake; train &c. (sequence) 281}}.
	back side, reverse; other side of the shield.
	{{conceptual_part_of: retrogression, R283}}.
	V. be behind, be in the rear; bring up the rear.
	go to the rear, go backward; fall astern.
	bend backwards.
	{{&caused_by(be behind): @R283, regression, retrogression}}.
	Adj. back, rear; hind, hinder, hindmost, hindermost[obs3]; postern, posterior; dorsal, after; caudal, lumbar; mizzen, tergal[obs3].
	{{conceptual_part_of: @R283, backward, retrograde}}.
	Adv. behind; in the rear, in the background; behind one's back; at the heels of, at the tail of, at the back of; back to back.
	after, aft, abaft, astern, sternmost[obs3], aback, rearward.
	Phr. ogni medaglia ha il suo rovescio[It][obs3]; the other side of the coin.

P1.2.2.3.1.7.2.1.3  Side (R236)
	#236. Side. -- N. side, flank, quarter, lee; hand; cheek, jowl, jole[obs3], wing; profile; temple, parietes[Lat], loin, haunch, hip; beam.
	{{has_property}} laterality[obs3].
	gable, gable end; broadside; lee side.
	points of the compass; East, Orient, Levant; West; orientation.
	{{location_of: side arm; side show; side car; sidelight}}.
	V. be on one side, be aside, be beside, be alongside.
	[become alongside] flank, outflank; sidle; skirt.
	orientate.
	{[of(motion)]} sideslip.
	Adj. lateral; parietal; collateral.
	{[of(motion)]} sideways, sidewise, sidelong, crabwise, crab-like, flanking, skirting; flanked; sideling.
	{{property_of(multiplicity)}} many sided; multilateral, bilateral, trilateral, quadrilateral.
	{[in_frame(geography)]} Eastern; orient, oriental; Levantine; Western, occidental, Hesperian.
	Adv. sideways, sidelong.
	broadside on; on one side, abreast, alongside, beside, aside; by the side of; side by side; cheek by jowl &c. (near) 197; to windward, to leeward, askance; laterally &c. adj.; right and left; on her beam ends.
	Phr. "his cheek the may of days outworn" [Shakespeare].

P1.2.2.3.1.7.2.1.3.1  Right  (R238)
	#238. Right. -- N. right, right side; right hand.
	dexter, offside.
	{[of(ship)]}  starboard.
	{{has_property}} dextrality[obs3].
	Adj. dextral, right-handed; dexter, dextrorsal[obs3], dextrorse[obs3].
	dextro-.
	ambidextral[obs3], ambidextrous.
	{[in_frame(chemistry)]} {[of(chemical)]} dextrorotary, D, R.
	Adv. to the right, rightwards, to starboard; on the right; dextrad[obs3], dextrally[obs3].

P1.2.2.3.1.7.2.1.3.2   Left  (R239)
	#239. Left. -- N. left, left side; left hand.
	sinister, nearside[obs3].
	{[of(ship)]} larboard, port.
	{{has_property}} sinistrality[obs3].
	Adj. left-handed; sinister; sinistral, sinistrorsal[obs3], sinistrorse[obs3], sinistrous[obs3];
	Pref.  laevo-.
	Adv.  to the left, leftwards, to port; sinistrally, sinistrously[obs3].
	a gauche[Fr.].

P1.2.2.3.1.7.2.1.4  Top
	#210. Top.
	N. top, peak, vertex, apex, zenith, pinnacle; acme, culmination, meridian, utmost height; summit, summity[obs1];  ne plus utra, height, pitch, maximum, climax, culminating point, crowning point, turning point; turn of the tide, fountain head; water shed, water parting; sky, pole.
	tip, tip top; crest, crow's nest, cap, truck, nib; end &c. 67; crown, brow; head, nob[obs3], noddle[obs3], pate; capsheaf[obs3].
	high places, heights.
	topgallant mast, sky scraper; quarter deck, hurricane deck.
	architrave, frieze, cornice, coping stone, zoophorus[obs3], capital, epistyle[obs3], sconce, pediment, entablature[obs3]; tympanum; ceiling &c. (covering) 223.
	attic, loft, garret, house top, upper story.
	[metaphorical use] summit conference, summit; peak of achievement, peak of performance; peaks and troughs, peaks and valleys [in graphs].
	V.  culminate, crown, top; overtop &c. (be superior to) 33.
	Adj. highest &c. (high &c. 206); top; top most, upper most; tiptop; culminating &c. v.; meridian, meridional[obs3]; capital, head, polar, supreme, supernal, topgallant.
	Adv. atop, at the top of the tree.
	Phr. en flute; fleur deau[Fr].

P1.2.2.3.1.7.2.1.5  Bottom
	#211. Bottom. -- N.  bottom, base, nadir, foot.
	sole, toe, hoof, keel, root; centerboard.
	basement; plinth, dado, wainscot; baseboard, mopboard[obs3]; bedrock, hardpan [U.S.]; foundation &c. (support) 215; substructure, substratum, ground, earth, pavement, floor, paving, flag, carped, ground floor, deck; footing, ground work, basis; hold, bilge.
	Adj. bottom, undermost, nethermost; fundamental; founded on, based on, grounded on, built on.

<-- oppositon here is physically opposite.  Conceptually opposite is under contrary, R14 -->
P1.2.2.3.1.8  Opposition  (R237)
	#237. Opposition. -- N. {{has_subytpe(contrariety, R14)}} opposition, contraposition[obs3]; polarity.
	{{property_of}} opposite side; reverse, inverse; counterpart; antipodes; opposite poles.
	{{property_of}} top and bottom; left and right; North and South; East and West; front and back.
	{{property_of: &R14, antonym, opposite}}.
	{{&caused_by: inversion &c. 218}}.
	V. be opposite, be opposed; be on opposite sides; subtend.
	Adj. opposite; reverse, inverse; converse, antipodal, subcontrary[obs3].
	fronting, facing, diametrically opposite.
	Northern, septentrional, Boreal, arctic; Southern, Austral, antarctic.
	Adv. over, over the way, over against; against; face to face, vis-a-vis; as poles asunder.

P1.2.2.3.1.7.3  Enclosure   (R232)
	#232. Enclosure. -- N. enclosure, inclosure, envelope; case &c. (receptacle) 191; wrapper; girdle &c. 230.
	{{location_of: inclosure, R221a}}.
	pen, fold; pen fold, in fold, sheep fold; paddock, pound; corral; yard; net, seine net.
	wall, hedge, hedge row; espalier; fence &c. (defense) 717; pale, paling, balustrade, rail, railing, quickset hedge, park paling, circumvallation[obs3], enceinte, ring fence.
	barrier, barricade; gate, gateway; bent, dingle [U.S.]; door, hatch, cordon; prison &c. 752.
	dike, dyke, ditch, fosse[obs3], moat.
	V. inclose, circumscribe &c. 229.

P1.2.2.3.2  Interior Relation
	N.  interior relation.

<-- Roget's "interior" means primarily the part of something not on the surace.  The "interior" of a container, where the contents are located, we will designate as R221a.  -->
P1.2.2.3.2.1  Interior
	#221. Interior.
	N. {{antonym_of(surface, R220)}} interior, inside; interspace[obs3], subsoil, substratum.
	{[of(arch)]} intrados.
	heart; bosom; bowels, guts.
	substance, pith, marrow.
	{{has_subtype: backbone &c. (center) 222}}.
	{[of(body): heart, bosom, breast; abdomen; vitals, viscera, entrails, bowels, belly, intestines, guts, chitterings[obs3], womb, lap]}.
	recesses, deep recesses, penetralia[Lat], innermost recesses.
	{{property_of: cave &c. (concavity) 252}}.
	{[in_frame(hospital therapy): inpatient]}.
	{[of(plant root)]} endodermis.
	V. be inside, be within.
	place within, keep within; inclose &c. (circumscribe) 229; intern; imbed &c. (insert) 300.
	Adj. interior, internal; inner, inside, inward, intraregarding[obs3].
	{{has_superlative}} inmost, innermost; deep inside, deep seated, gut.
	intestine, intestinal.
	inland.
	{{has_superlative(inland)}} far inland, deep in the interior.
	subcutaneous; abdominal, coeliac, endomorphic[obs2].
	interstitial &c. (interposition) 228; inwrought &c. (intrinsic) 5; inclosed &c. v.
	Adv. internally, inwardly; inwards, within, in, inly[obs3].

P1.2.2.3.2.2  Inclosure
<-- here, inclosure is the area of space enclosed by an "enclosure" (a physical object, as a building or fence, or a bottle.  We use the variant spelling "inclosure" to distinguish it from an "enclosure" -->
	#221a. Inclosure.
	N. {{property_of(circumscribed, R229)}} {{has_part(enclosure, R232/container, P2.3.1.3.9/structure, P2.3.1.3.10)}} inclosure, enclosed area, interior, inside.
	{{location_of: contents &c. 190}}.
	Adj. interior, inside; home, domestic, indoor, intramural, vernacular; endemic.
	here in, there in, where in; ab intra, withinside[obs3]; in doors, within doors; at home, in the bosom of one's family.

P1.2.2.3.2.3  Centrality  [[center]]
	#222. Centrality. -- N. centrality, centricalness[obs3].
	{{property_of}} center.
	{{has_subtype(center): middle &c. 68; focus &c. 74}}.
	{{property_of}} core, kernel; nucleus, nucleolus.
	{{has_extreme(center)}} heart, pole axis, bull's eye; nave, navel.
	{{property_of}} umbilicus, backbone, marrow, pith; vertebra, vertebral column.
	{[of(activity)]} hotbed.
	{{caused_by: concentration &c. (convergence) 290}}.
	{{caused_by}} centralization.
	{{conceptual_part_of: symmetry}}.
	{{has_subtype(center)}} {{property_of(solid, P1.2.4.2.3.1)}} center of gravity.
	{{has_subtype(center)}} center of pressure, center of percussion, center of oscillation, center of buoyancy &c.; metacenter[obs3].
	V. be central, be in the middle.
	[become central] [intransitive] converge &c. 290.
	[render central] [transitive] render central, centralize, concentrate; bring to a focus.
	Adj. central, centrical[obs3]; middle &c. 68; azygous, axial, focal, umbilical, concentric; middlemost; rachidian[obs3]; spinal, vertebral.
	Adv. middle; midst; centrally &c. adj.

P1.2.2.3.2.4  Lining
	#224. Lining. -- N. lining, inner coating.
	wall.
	{{similar_to: coating &c. (covering) 223}}.
	{[of(ave)]}  stalactite, stalagmite.
	filling, stuffing, wadding, padding.
	{[of(house wall)]} wainscot, parietes[Lat].
	V. line, stuff, incrust, wad, pad, fill.
	Adj. lined &c. v..

P1.2.2.3.2.5  Interposition  (R228)
	#228. Interposition. -- N.  interposition, interjacence[obs3], intercurrence[obs3], intervenience[obs3], interlocation[obs3], interdigitation, interjection, interpolation, interlineation, interspersion, intercalation.
	{[of(fluid)]}  interpenetration; permeation, seeping in.
	infiltration.
	{[of(person)]} [interposition by one person in another's affairs, at the intervenor's initiative] intervention, interference; intrusion, insinuation, obtrusion.
	{{has_subtype: insertion &c. 300}}.
	dovetailing; embolism.
	intermediary, intermedium[obs3]; go between, bodkin[obs2], intruder, interloper; parenthesis, episode, flyleaf.
	partition, septum, diaphragm; midriff; dissepiment[obs3]; party wall, panel, room divider.
	halfway house.
	V. lie between, be between.
	[intransitive] come between, get between; intervene, slide in, interpenetrate.
	{[of(fluid)]} permeate, penetrate, seep in.
	[transitive] put between, introduce, import, throw in, wedge in, edge in, jam in, worm in, foist in, run in, plow in, work in; interpose, interject, intercalate, interpolate, interline, interdigitate, sandwich in, fit in, squeeze in; let in.
	{{property_of(multiplicity)}} merge; interleave, intersperse; interweave, interlard.
	{[of(playing cards)(interleave)]} riffle.
	dovetail, splice, mortise; insinuate, smuggle; infiltrate, ingrain.
	{[of(person)]} interfere, put in an oar, thrust one's nose in; intrude, obtrude; have a finger in the pie.
	introduce the thin end of the wedge.
	{{has_subtype(put between): thrust in &c. (insert) 300}}.
	Adj. intermediate, intermediary, intercalary, interstitial, interjacent[obs3], intercurrent[obs3], intervenient[obs3], intervening, penetrating, permeating.
	interspersed, interleaved, intercalated; merged.
	embolismal[obs3].
	parenthetical; episodic.
	mediterranean; intrusive; embosomed[obs3].
	Adv. between, betwixt; twixt; among, amongst; amid, amidst; mid, midst; in the thick of; betwixt and between; sandwich-wise; parenthetically, obiter dictum.

P1.2.3 Location (R183 to R)  [[location]]
P1.2.3.1  RELATIVE SPACE (R183 to R 185)
<--  	183.	Position
		184.	Location				185.	Displacement  
 -->

<-- there is a subtle difference between this entry and Place, R182;  Place, R182 is the place itself, a part of space.  Position, here, is the location of a particular object in space.  Note that situation, environment show up here.  Note that location, R184, is the act of locating something.  [[position]]  -->
	#183. Position.-- N. {{has_property(physical object)}} {{has_result(location, R184)}} position, location, locality, locale.
	place, site, station, seat, venue, whereabouts; ground; bearings &c. (direction) 278; spot &c. (limited space) 182.
	{{has_location: @R227, surroundings, environment}}.
	{[of(geographical point)]} coordinates, latitude and longitude.
	footing, standing, standpoint, post; stage.
	aspect, attitude, posture, pose.
	{{factor_in}} {{has_subtype(circumstance, R8): @R183a, situation, status}}.
	{{studied_in}} topography, geography, chorography[obs3].
	{{has_representation: map &c. 554}}.
	{[of(person)]} plantation, colony, settlement, cantonment.
	{[of(person): abode, R189]}.
	V. be situated, be situate; lie, have its seat in.
	Adj. situate, situated; local, topical, topographical &c. n.
	Adv. in place, here, there; in situ, in loco; here and there, passim; hereabouts, thereabouts, whereabouts.
	in such and such surroundings, in such and such environs, in
such and such entourage, amidst such and such surroundings, amidst such and such environs, amidst such and such entourage.

<-- this was included in Roget 183, but must be separate -->
	#183a. Status. situation.
	N.  {{has_subtype(circumstance, R8)}} {{factor_in(position, R183}} {{has_property(physical object)}}  status, situation, condition.
	{{has_factor: @R227, environment, surroundings}}.

<-- this is the act of locating something somewhere -->
	#184. Location.-- N. {{result_of(position, R183)}} location, localization.
	lodgment; deposition, reposition; stowage, package; collocation; packing, lading; establishment, settlement, installation; fixation.
	{{has_subtype: insertion &c. 300}}.
	{{affected_by: @P1.2.2.3.1.5, @R227, surroundings,   habitat, environment}}.
	anchorage, mooring, encampment.
	settlement, colonization.
	domestication, situation.
	{{&has_result: habitation &c. (abode) 189; cohabitation endenization[obs3], naturalization}}.
	V. locate, place, situate, position, localize, make a place for, put, lay, set.
	seat, station, lodge, quarter, post, install; house, stow, store, hold; establish, fix, pin, root.
	graft; shelve, pitch, camp, lay down; deposit, reposit[obs3]; cradle; moor, tether, picket; pack, tuck in; embed, imbed; vest, invest in.
	billet on, quarter upon, saddle with; load, lade, freight; pocket, put up, bag.
	{{has_subtype: plant &c. (insert) 300}}.
	inhabit &c. (be present) 186; domesticate, colonize.
	anchor; cast anchor, come to an anchor.
	sit down, squat, perch, hive, se nicher[Fr], bivouac, burrow, get a footing; encamp, pitch one's tent; put up at, put up one's horses at; keep house.
	endenizen[obs3], naturalize, adopt.
	put back, replace &c. (restore) 660.
	{[of(person)]} [render stable, R150] [intransitive] settle down, settle in, settle; strike root, strike roots, put down roots, take root; take up one's abode, take up permanent residence, take up residence, take up one's quarters; build one's house on a rock; plant oneself, establish oneself, locate oneself.
.

	Adj. located, placed, localized; lodged, quartered, billeted; established, settled; situate, posited, ensconced, imbedded, embosomed[obs3], rooted; domesticated; vested in, unremoved[obs3].
	moored, anchored; at anchor.
	Phr. "a local habitation and a name" [Midsummer Night's Dream].

	#185. Displacement.-- N. displacement, transposition, translocation, elocation[obs3].
	{{has_subtype: ejection &c. 297; exile &c. (banishment) 893; removal &c. (transference) 270}}.
	{{has_subtype: misplacement, dislocation &c. 61}}.
	V. displace, dislodge, disestablish.
	misplace, mislay, displant[obs3].
	ablegate[obs3], set aside, remove; take away, cart away; take off, draft off.
	{{has_subtype: @R73, dispel, dissipate}}..
	{{has_subtype: exile &c. (seclude) 893; lade &c. 184}}.
	{{has_subtype: unload, empty &c. (eject) 297; transfer &c. 270}}.
	{{has_subtype: vacate; depart &c. 293}}.
	Adj. displaced, dislodged, transposed, translocated.
	unplaced, unhoused[obs3], unharbored[obs3], unestablished[obs3], unsettled; houseless[obs3], homeless; out of place, out of a situation; in the wrong place.
	misplaced, mislaid, out of place, out of its element.
	Phr.  fish out of water.

P1.2.3.2  EXISTENCE IN SPACE..(R186 to R191)
<--  		186.	Presence				187.	Absence
		188.	Inhabitant	moved to Person, P2.3.2.3.2.5.59  Inhabitant
		189.	Abode
		190.	Contents				191.	Receptacle  -->

	#186. Presence.-- N. {{has_subtype(existence, R1)}} {{antonym_of(absence, R187)}} presence; occupancy, occupation; attendance; whereness[obs3].
	permeation, pervasion; diffusion &c. (dispersion) 73.
	{{has_large_quantity}} ubiquity, ubiety[obs3], omnipresence, ubiquitariness[obs3].
	{{property_of: inhabitant, R188}}.
	{[of(person): habitation, R188a]}.
	{{property_of: bystander &c. (spectator) 444}}.
	V. exist in space, be present &c. adj.; assister[obs3]; make one of, make one at; look on, attend, remain; find oneself, present oneself; show one's face, show up; fall in the way of, occur in a place; lie, stand; occupy; be there.
	{{hperforms(inhabitant, R188): @R188a, people, populate; inhabit, dwell, reside, stay, sojourn, live, abide, lodge, nestle, roost, perch; take up one's abode &c. (be located) 184; tenant}}.
	fill, pervade, permeate; be diffused, be disseminated, be through; over spread, overrun; run through; meet one at every turn.
	Adj. present; occupying, inhabiting &c. v.; moored &c. 184; resiant[obs3], resident, residentiary[obs3]; domiciled.
	ubiquitous, ubiquitary[obs3]; omnipresent; universally present.
	Adv. here, there, where, everywhere, aboard, on board, at home, afield;  here there and everywhere &c. (space) 180; in presence of, before; under the eyes of, under the nose of; in the face of; in propria persona[Lat].
	on the spot; in person, in the flesh.
	Interj.  Here! Present!
	Phr.  nusquam est qui ubique est [Lat][Seneca].

<--
[Nullibiety.1] 
 1. Bishop Wilkins.  -->
	#187. Absence.-- N. {{has_subtype(nonexistence, R2)}} {{antonym_of(presence, R186)}} absence.
	{[of(person)]} nonresidence, absenteeism; nonattendance, alibi.
	emptiness, void, vacuum; vacuity, vacancy; barenness, sterility; tabula rasa[Lat]; exemption; syncope; hiatus &c. (interval) 198; lipotype[obs2].
	{{performed_by: @P2.3.2.3.2.5.63  truant, absentee}}.
	{{in_frame(mathematics)}} {{property_of}} the null set.
	{[of(person)]} nobody; nobody present, nobody on earth; not a soul; ame qui vive[Fr].
	{{&caused_by: @R893, seclusion, depopulation}}.
	V. be absent, be missing.
	{[of(person)]} be truant, be away, be not at home, be gone.
	{[of(person)]} keep away, keep out of the way; play truant, absent oneself, stay away; keep aloof, hold aloof.
	{[of(person)]} withdraw, make oneself scarce, vacate; go away &c. 293.
	Adj. {{has_subtype(nonexistent R2)}} absent, not present.
	empty, void, unoccupied; vacant, vacuous.
	barren, sterile; devoid.
	missing; lost; wanting; omitted; nowhere to be found.
	{[of(person)]} unpopulated, unpeopled, untenanted, uninhabited, tenantless; desert, deserted.
	{{&caused_by}} uninhabitable.
	{[of(person)]} away, nonresident, gone, from home.
	{{&caused_by: @R893, depopulated}}.
	Adv. without, minus, nowhere; elsewhere; neither here nor there; in default of; sans; behind one's back.
	Phr. the bird has flown, non est inventus[Lat]. 
	"absence makes the heart grow fonder" [Bayley]; "absent in body but present in spirit" [1 Corinthians v, 3]; absento nemo ne nocuisse velit [Lat][Propertius]; "Achilles absent was Achilles still" [Homer]; aux absents les os; briller par son absence[Fr]; "conspicuous by his absence" [Russell]; "in the hope to meet shortly again and make our absence sweet" [B. Jonson].
	begone!

<-- this is the action of habitation  -->
	#188a. Habitation.
	N. {{hperforms(inhabitant, R188)}} {{has_activity(abode, R189)}} {{has_subtype(presence, R186)}} habitation, dwelling, living; abiding; nesting, roosting.
	V. people, populate; inhabit, dwell, reside, stay, sojourn, live, abide, lodge, nestle, roost, perch; take up one's abode &c. (be located) 184; tenant.
	resort to, frequent, haunt; revisit.
	{{caused_by: endenizen &c. (locate oneself) 184}}.
	Adj. populated, peopled, populous, full of people, inhabited.
	indigenous; native, natal; autochthonal[obs3], autochthonous.
	domestic; domiciliated[obs3], domiciled; naturalized, vernacular, domesticated; domiciliary.
	in the occupation of; garrisoned by, occupied by.

<-- R188 Inhabitant relocated to  P2.3.2.3.2.5.59  Inhabitant (R188) 
 -->

	#189. [Place of habitation, or resort.] Abode.
	N. {{has_location(inhabitant, R188, P2.3.2.3.2.5.59)}} {{has_subtype(building, P2.3.1.3.10.2)}}abode, home, dwelling, domicile, residence, lodging, lodgment, lodgement, housing, resiance[obs1].
	{{has_subtype}} private residence, single-family house; duplex; two-family residence, legal two-family; row house, town house; detached house; semi-detached house; public housing; multiple dwelling, apartment house, tenement house; condominium, condo; hotel; motel; hostel, youth hostel; boarding house; legal residence, permanent residence; temporary residence; home away from home, second home.
	{{has_part(hotel/motel)}} room; suite.
	{{has_part(apartment house/condominium)}} apartment, unit; flat.
	address, place, digs, pad, habitation, where one's lot is cast, local habitation, berth, diggings.
	seat, lap, sojourn, quarters, headquarters.
	tabernacle, throne, ark.
	country; homeland, fatherland, mother country;  dulce domum[Lat], paternal domicile; native soil, native land.
	homestead, homestall[obs3].
	fireside; hearth, hearth stone; chimney corner, inglenook, ingle side.
	harem, seraglio, zenana[obs3].
	household gods, lares et penates[Lat].
	roof, household.
	{[of(life)]} biosphere.
	{{has_part(biosphere)}}  environment, ecological niche.
	{of(species)]} habitat,  range.
	stamping ground, stomping ground[coll], turf[coll]; haunt, hangout.
	nest, nidus, snuggery[obs3].
	arbor, bower, &c. 191.
	{[of(animal)]} lair, den, cave.
	hole, hiding place, cell, sanctum sanctorum[Lat], aerie, eyrie, eyry[obs3], rookery, hive; covert, resort, retreat.
	perch, roost; nidification; kala jagah[obs3].
	bivouac, camp, encampment, cantonment, castrametation[obs3]; barrack, casemate[obs3], casern[obs3].
	tent &c. (covering) 223; building &c. (construction) 161; chamber &c. (receptacle) 191; xenodochium[obs3].
	tenement, messuage, farm, farmhouse, grange, hacienda, toft[obs3].
	cot, cabin, hut, chalet, croft, shed, booth, stall, hovel, bothy[obs3], shanty, dugout [U.S.].
	{[of(animal)]} pen &c. (inclosure) 232; barn, bawn[obs3]; kennel, sty, doghold[obs3], cote, coop, hutch, byre; cow house, cow shed; stable, dovecote, columbary[obs3], columbarium; shippen[obs3].
	{[of(Eskimo)]} igloo, iglu[obs3], jacal[obs3].
	lacustrine dwelling[obs3], lacuslake dwelling[obs3], lacuspile dwelling[obs3]; log cabin, log house; shack, shebang*.
	{[of(American Indian)]} wigwam, tepee, topek[obs3]; long house; cliff dwelling.
	house; mansion;  villa, cottage, box, lodge, hermitage, rus in urbe[Lat], folly, rotunda, tower, chateau, castle, pavilion, court, manor-house, capital messuage, hall, palace; kiosk, bungalow; casa[Sp], country seat,  flat house, frame house, shingle house; temple &c. 1000.
	hamlet, village, thorp[obs3], dorp[obs3], ham, kraal; borough, burgh, town, city, capital, metropolis; suburb; province, country; county town, county seat; courthouse [U.S.]; ghetto.
	street, place, terrace, parade, esplanade, alameda[obs3], board walk, embankment, road, row, lane, alley, court, quadrangle, quad, wynd[Scot], close, yard, passage, rents, buildings, mews.
	square, polygon, circus, crescent, mall, piazza, arcade, colonnade, peristyle, cloister; gardens, grove, residences; block of buildings, market place, place, plaza.
	anchorage, roadstead, roads; dock, basin, wharf, quay, port, harbor.
	quarter, parish &c. (region) 181.
	assembly room, meetinghouse, pump room, spa, watering place; inn; hostel, hostelry; hotel, tavern, caravansary, dak bungalow[obs3], khan, hospice; public house, pub, pot house, mug house; gin mill, gin palace; bar, bar room; barrel house* [U.S.], cabaret, chophouse; club, clubhouse; cookshop[obs3], dive [U.S.], exchange [euphemism, U.S.]; grill room, saloon [U.S.], shebeen[obs3]; coffee house, eating house; canteen, restaurant, buffet, cafe, estaminet[obs3], posada[obs3]; almshouse[obs3], poorhouse, townhouse [U.S.].
	garden, park, pleasure ground, plaisance[obs3], demesne.
	[quarters for animals] cage, terrarium, doghouse; pen, aviary; barn, stall; zoo.
	V. take up one's abode &c. (locate oneself) 184; inhabit &c. (be present) 186.
	Adj. residential, domestic.
	home-owning.
	urban, metropolitan; suburban; provincial, rural, rustic; domestic; cosmopolitan; palatial.
	Phr. Be it ever so humble there's no place like home[John H. Payne]; home is where the heart is; eigner Hert ist goldes Werth[Ger]; "even cities have their graves" [Longfellow]; ubi libertas ibi patria[Lat]; home sweet home.

	#190. [Things contained.] Contents.
	N. {{location_of(container, P2.3.1.3.9)}}  contents.
	{{has_subtype(physical object, P2.3)}} cargo, lading, freight, shipment, load, bale, burden, jag.
	{{has_measure}} shipload; wagonload, cartload[obs3].
	{{has_measure}} box of, cup of, basket of, &c. (receptacle) 191 of.
	{{has_property: inside &c. 221}}.
	{{has_part(container): dead space, ullage, unused capacity}}.
	{{location_of(ullage)}} packing, stuffing, wadding.

P1.2.4 Form   (R240 to R263)
P1.2.4.1  FORM GENERALLY  (R240 to R243)

<--   	240.	Form						241.	Amorphism
		242.	Symmetry					243.	Distortion 
[[form]] -->

	#240. Form.
	N. form, figure, shape.
	conformation, configuration; make, formation, frame, construction, cut, set.
	{[of(person)]} build, physique, trim, cut of one's jib.
	{{has_subtype(physique)}} endomorph, ectomorph, mesomorph.
	feature, lineament, turn.
	{{formed_by}} forming, formation, fashioning.
	{{has_subtype(forming}} casting, stamping, molding; chiseling, sculpting.
	{{function_of(forming)}} {{has_subtype(physical object, P2.3}} stamp, type, cast, mold, plasmature[obs3].
	fashion.
	{{in_frame(sewing/tailoring)}} pattern.
	{{has_part: contour &c. (outline) R230}}.
	{{has_subtype: structure &c. R329}}.
	phase &c. (aspect) 448.
	{[of(person)]} posture, attitude, pose.
	{{studied_in}} morphism.
	{{has_subtype(relation)}} {{property_of(similarity)}} isomorphism.
	forming &c. v.; formation, figuration, efformation[obs3]; sculpture; plasmation[obs3].
	{{&has_property: amorphism, R241}}.
	{{&has_property: symmetry, R242}}.
	{{has_subtype: @R243, distortion, deformity}}.
	{{has_subtype(forming): @R243, malformation; disfigurement, defacement; mutilation; deforming}}.
	{{required_for_obj(forming): @P1.2.4.1.3, malleability, ductility; plasticity; workability, formability; fluidity}}.
	V. form, shape, figure, fashion, efform[obs3].
	carve, cut, chisel, hew.
	model, rough hew, rough cast; sketch; block out, hammer out; trim; lick into shape, put into shape; knead, work up into, set, mold, sculpture; cast, stamp.
	build &c. (construct) 161.
	Adj. formed &c. v.
	{{required_for_obj(forming) @P1.2.4.1.3, malleable, ductile, plastic, workable, shapable, shapeable, formable, fictile[obs3]; fluid}}.
	formative.
	[Give form] plasmic[obs3].
	[Similar in form] isomorphous.
	[taking several forms] pleomorphic; protean; changeable, &c. 149.

P1.2.4.1.1  Symmetry  (R242)
	#242. [Regularity of form.] Symmetry.
	N. {{&has_property(form, R240)}} {{antonym_of(asymmetry, P1.2..4.1.2)}} symmetry; regularity.
	{{&factor_in: @R845, beauty, shapeliness, finish; proportion, eurythmy[obs3]}}.
	uniformity.
	parallelism.
	bilateral symmetry, trilateral symmetry, multilateral symmetry.
	{{has_conceptial_part: center, @R222}}.
	{{property_of}} branching, arborescence[obs3], ramification.
	arbor vitae.
	Adj. {{has_subtype(equal, R27)}} symmetrical; regular.
	shapely, well set, finished.
	regular, uniform, balanced, well-proportioned.
	{[of(style)]} classic, chaste, severe.
	{{factor_in: beautiful &c. 845}}.
	parallel, coextensive.
	{{property_of}} branched, branching, ramose, tree-like, dendriform, dendritic, ramous[obs3], arborescent[obs3], arboriform[obs3], dendroid[obs3].
	{{property_of(dendriform)}} dendrogram.
	fern-like, filiciform[obs3], filicoid[obs3].
	butterfly-shaped, papilionaceous[obs3].
	Fuji-shaped, fujigata[Jap.].

P1.2.4.1.2  ASymmetry
	{{antonym_of(symmetry, P1.2..4.1.1)}} asymmetry.
	Adj.  asymmetric, asymmertical, unsymmetric[obs3]; irregular.
	{[of(triangle)]} scalene.

P1.2.4.1.3  Distortion  (R243)
	#243. [Irregularity of form.] Distortion.
	N. {{&has_property(form, R240)}} distortion, deformity, deformation, detortion[obs3], contortion; malformation, malconformation[obs3].
	harelip; monstrosity.
	malproportion, misproportion[obs3], want of symmetry, anamorphosis[obs3].
	{{&causes: ugliness &c. 846}}.
	{[of(foot)]} clubfoot, talipes[obs3].
	{[of(animal)]} {{studied_in(malformation)}} teratology.
	twist, crookedness &c. (obliquity) 217; grimace.
	asymmetry; irregularity.
	V. {{caused_by(distortion)}} distort, contort, twist, warp.
	knot.
	[intransitive] sag, slump. buckle.
	wrest, writhe, make faces.
	deform, misshape.
	Adj. distorted, misshapen.
	out of shape, awry, wry, askew, crooked; not true, not straight; on one side, crump[obs3].
	deformed; misshapen, misbegotten.
	ill proportioned, malproportioned, misproportioned[obs3].
	ill-made; grotesque, monstrous.
	crooked, crooked as a ram's horn.
	camel backed, hump backed, hunch backed, bunch backed, crook backed.
	{[of(person)]} bandy; bandy legged, bow legged; bow kneed, knock kneed.
	{[of(person)]} splay footed, club footed, taliped[obs3], talipedic[obs3].
	{[of(person)]} round shouldered.
	{[of(person)]} snub-nosed, flat-nosed, simous[obs3].
	{[of(person)]} harelipped.
	curtailed of one's fair proportions.
	{[of(person): stumpy &c. (short) 201; gaunt &c. (thin) 203; bloated &c. 194]}.
	Adv. all manner of ways.
	Phr. crooked as a Virginia fence [U.S.].

<-- for the hierarchy, amorphism will be a property  -->
P1.2.4.1.3  Amorphism
	#241. [Absence of form.] Amorphism.
	N.  {{&has_property(form, R240)}} {{has_subtype(disorder, R59)}}.
amorphism, lack of form, informity[obs3].
	unlicked cub[obs3]; rudis indigestaque moles[Lat].
	{{required_for_obj(forming)}} malleability, ductility; plasticity; workability, formability; fluidity.
	[taking form from surroundings] fluid &c. 333.
	V.  deface[Destroy form], disfigure, deform, mutilate, truncate; derange &c. 61; blemish, mar.
	Adj. shapeless, amorphous, formless; unformed, unhewn[obs3], unfashioned[obs3], unshaped, unshapen.
	rough, rude, Gothic, barbarous, rugged.
	{{required_for_obj(forming)}}  malleable, ductile, plastic, workable, shapable, shapeable, formable, fictile[obs3]; fluid.

P1.2.4.2  SPECIAL  FORM (R204, R205, R244 to R249)  [[line]]
<-- 		244.	Angularity
		245.	Curvature					246.	Straightness
		247.	Circularity				248.	Convolution
		249.	Rotundity 
Moved here from linear dimensions
       To Solid Form
		204.	Layer					205.	Filament
 -->
P1.2.4.2.1  Linear FORM (R204, R205, R244 to R249)
	N.  linear form.

<-- angular coordinates are not subtypes.  Must change!  -->
P1.2.4.2.1.1  Line  (R244, R246)
	#244.  Line.
	N. {{property_of(length, R200)}} {{has_conceptual_part(measurement, R466)}} line; bar, rule, stripe, streak, ray, spoke, radius.
	{{property_of(straightness, R246)}} straight line.
	{{conceptual_part_of: linear coordinate, @R466}}.
	{{property_of(curvature)}} curve, curved line.
	{{has_subtype(coordinate)}} Cartesian coordinate; ordinate; abscissa; 	{{has_subtype(coordinate)}} polar coordinates.
	{{has_subtype(polar coordinate)}} {{property_of(length, R200)}} radius.
	{{has_subtype(polar coordinate)}} {{property_of(angularity, R244a)}} angle.
	{{has_subtype(coordinate)}} spherical coordinate
	{{has_subtype(spherical coordinate)}} latitude; longitude; altitude, azimuth.
	{{has_subtype(spherical coordinate)}}  {[in_frame(astronomy)]} declination, right ascension.

	#246. Straightness.
	N. {{has_subtype(line, R244)}} straight line, right line, direct line.
	short cut.
	{{has_property}} straightness, rectilinearity, directness; inflexibility &c. (stiffness) 323.
	V. be straight &c. adj.; have no turning; not incline to either side, not bend to either side, not turn to either side, not deviate to either side; go straight; steer for &c. (directions) 278.
	render straight, straighten, rectify; set straight, put straight; unbend, unfold, uncurl &c. 248, unravel &c. 219, unwrap.
	Adj. straight; rectilinear, rectilineal[obs3]; direct, even, right, true, in a line; unbent, virgate &c. v[obs3].; undeviating, unturned, undistorted, unswerving; straight as an arrow &c. (direct) 278; inflexible &c. 323.
	laser-straight; ramrod-straight.

<-- [[angle]] -->
P1.2.4.2.1.2  Angle  (R244a)
	#244a. Angle. -- N. angle, cusp; fork, bifurcation.
	fold &c. 258; notch &c. 257.
	{{has_units}} degree; radian.
	{{has_property}} angularity, angularness[obs3]; aduncity[obs3].
	{{property_of(tridimensionality)}} solid angle.
	dihedral angle.
	{{property_of(angularity)}} elbow, knee, knuckle, ankle, groin, crotch.
	{{property_of(angularity)}} bend.
	{{property_of(angularity)}} crutch, crane, fluke, scythe, sickle, zigzag, kimbo[obs3], akimbo.
	{{conceptual_part_of: angular coordinate, @R466}}.
	{{conceptual_part_of}} angular measurement, angular elevation, angular distance, angular velocity; trigonometry, goniometry; altimetry[obs3]; clinometer, graphometer[obs3], goniometer; theodolite; sextant, quadrant; dichotomy.
	{{property_of(angularity)}} corner, nook, recess, niche, oriel[Arch], coign[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(angle)}} right angle &c. (perpendicular)  216a, 212; obliquity &c. 217; angle of 45°, miter; acute angle, obtuse angle, salient angle, reentering angle, spherical angle.
	{{part_of(angle)}} {{has_subtype(form,shape, R240)}} {{property_of(bidimensionality): @P1.2.4.2.2, triangle, trigon[obs3], wedge; rectangle, square, lozenge, diamond; rhomb, rhombus; quadrangle, quadrilateral; parallelogram; quadrature; polygon, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, oxygon[obs3], decagon}}.
	{{part_of: @P1.2.4.2.3.1, pyramid, cone}}.
	{{part_of(angle)}} {{has_subtype(form,shape, R240)}} {{has_subtype(solid,P1.2.4.2.3.1)}} {{property_of(tridimensionality): Platonic bodies; cube, rhomboid; tetrahedron, pentahedron, hexahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron, icosahedron, eicosahedron; prism, pyramid; parallelopiped; curb roof, gambrel roof, mansard roof}}.
	V. bend, fork, bifurcate, crinkle.
	Adj. angular, bent, crooked, aquiline, jagged, serrated.
	falciform[obs3], falcated[obs3]; furcated[obs3], forked, bifurcate, zigzag; furcular[obs3]; hooked; dovetailed; knock kneed, crinkled, akimbo, kimbo[obs3], geniculated[obs3]; oblique &c. 217.
	fusiform[Microb], wedge-shaped, cuneiform; cuneate[obs3], multangular[obs3], oxygonal[obs3]; triangular, trigonal[obs3], trilateral; quadrangular, quadrilateral; foursquare; rectangular, square, multilateral; polygonal &c. n.; cubical, rhomboid, rhomboidal, pyramidal.

P1.2.4.2.1.3  Curve  (R245)
	#245. Curve.
	N. {{has_subtype(line, R244)}} curve, arc; bend.
	parabola, hyperbola; helix, spiral.
	catenary, festoon.
	conchoid[obs3], cardioid.
	arch, vault, concameration[obs3]; arcade, bow, crescent, half-moon, lunule[obs3], horseshoe, loop, crane neck.
	{{property_of(curvature)}} caustic; tracery; arched ceiling, arched roof; bay window, bow window.
	{{has_property}} curvature, curvity[obs3], curvation[obs3], incurvature[obs3], incurvity[obs1], incurvation[obs3]; flexure, flexion, flection[obs3]; conflexure[obs1].
	crook, hook, bought, bending; inflection, inflexion[obs3].
	{{&formed_by}} bending, curving, arcuation[obs3]; deflection, deflexion[obs3].
	downward curve, devexity[obs1].
	turn, deviation, detour, sweep; curl, curling; bough; recurvity[obs3], recurvation[obs3]; sinuosity &c. 248.
	kink.
	sine curve;  spline, spline curve, spline function.
	obliquity &c. 217.
	{{property_of(s-shaped)}} ogee.
	{{has_measure}} degree of curvature, angle of curvature, radius of curvature.
	{{conceptual_part_of: rotundity &c. 249; convexity &c. 250}}.
	{{property_of(curvature): serpent, eel}}.
	V.  [intrans] be curved &c. adj.; curve, sweep, sway, swag, sag, arc; deviate &c. 279; curl, turn; reenter.
	[trans] render curved; flex, bend, curve, incurvate[obs3]; inflect; deflect, scatter[Phys].
	refract (light) 420.
	crook; turn, round, arch, arcuate, arch over, concamerate[obs3]; bow, curl, recurve, frizzle.
	Adj. curved.
	bent, crooked, crump[obs1].
	hooked, sickle shaped, falciform[obs3], falcated[obs3], beaked, unciform[obs3], uncate[obs3], aduncous[obs3], uncinated[obs3].
	bowed. arched, aduncated[obs3], arclike, arc-like, arcuate, vaulted.
	curvilinear, curviform[obs3], curvilineal[obs3].
	devex[obs1], devious.
	recurved, recurvous[obs3].
	s-shaped.
	sinusoid[Geom], parabolic, paraboloid; hyperbolic, hyperboloid.
	moon shaped, luniform[obs3], lunular[obs3]; semicircular, half-moon-shaped, semilunar.
	crescent, crescent shaped, lunate, crescentic.
	serrated, conchoidal[obs3].
	shell-shaped, conchiform[obs3].
	helical, double helical, spiral; kinky.
	cardioid, heart shaped, cordiform[obs3], cordated[obs3].
	L-shaped, ell shaped.
	boat shaped.
	oar shaped, shield shaped, tongue shaped, pear shaped, fig shaped.
	kidney-shaped, reniform.
	lens shaped, lentiform[obs3], lenticular.
	{{similar_to(lens shaped): bow-legged &c. (distorted) 243}}.
	{{has_subtype: circular &c. 247}}.
	{{conceptual_part_of: oblique &c. 217}}.
<-- 
	bicorn[obs3], bicornuous[obs3], bicornute[obs3]; clypeate[obs3], clypeiform[obs3]; cymbiform[obs3], embowed[obs3], galeiform[obs3]; hamate[obs3], hamiform[obs3], hamous[obs3]; linguiform[obs3], lingulate[obs3]; lobiform[obs3], navicular[obs3], peltate[obs3], remiform[obs3], rhamphoid[obs3]; rostrate[obs3], rostriferous[obs3], rostroid[obs3]; scutate[obs3], scaphoid[obs3]; unguiculate[obs3], unguiform[obs3].
-->

P1.2.4.2.1.3.1  Circle
	#247. [Simple circularity.] Circle.
	N.   {{has_subtype(planar object, P1.2.4.2.2  )}} circle, circlet, ring, areola, hoop, roundlet[obs3], annulus, annulet[obs3].
	{{has_property}} circularity, roundness; rotundity &c. 249.
	{{has_conceptual_part: @P1.2.4.2.1.3, arc, curve}}.
	cycle, orb, orbit, rundle, zone, belt, cordon, band.
	bracelet, armlet; ringlet; eye, loop.
	wheel; contrate wheel[obs3], crown wheel.
	{{has_part}} {{has_part(wheel)}} {{location_of(center)}} hub, nave.
	sash, girdle, cestus[obs3], cincture, baldric, fillet, fascia, wreath, garland.
	crown, corona, coronet, chaplet, snood; necklace, collar.
	noose, lasso, lassoo[obs3].
	{{similar_to}} {{property_of(elongated)}} ellipse, oval, ovule; ellipsoid, cycloid; epicycloid[Geom], epicycle.
	{{has_part}}  semicircle, half-circle; quadrant; sextant; sector.
	{{conceptual_part_of: sphere &c. 249}}.
	V. be circular.
	make circular; round, round up.
	go round.
	encircle &c. 227; describe a circle &c. 311.
	Adj. circular, annular,  orbicular.
	{{similar_to: @R249, round, rounded}}.
	{{similar_to}} {{has_property(elongated)}} oval, ovate; elliptic, elliptical.
	{{similar_to}} {{has_property(elongated)}} egg-shaped.
	{{similar_to}} {{has_property(elongated)}}  pear-shaped &c. 245.
	{{conceptual_part_of}} spherical &c. 249.
	Phr. "I watched the little circles die" [Tennyson].

P1.2.4.2.1.3.2  Convolution
	#248. [Complex curvature.] Convolution.
	N. {{property_of(complexity)}} {{part_of(curve, R245, P1.2.4.2.1.3}} convolution, involution, circumvolution, tortuosity; winding &c. v..
	wave, undulation, anfractuosity[obs3]; sinuosity, sinuation[obs3]; meandering, circuit, circumbendibus[obs3], twist, twirl, windings and turnings, ambages[obs3]; torsion; inosculation[obs3].
	{{similar_to: reticulation &c. (crossing) 219}}.
	rivulation[obs3]; roughness &c. 256.
	{{property_of}} coil, roll, curl; buckle, spiral, helix, corkscrew, worm, volute, rundle; tendril; scollop[obs3], scallop, escalop[obs3]; kink; ammonite, snakestone[obs3].
	maze, labyrinth.
	knot.
	{[has_instance(knot)}} Gordian knot.
	V. be convoluted, be twisted.
	wind, twine, turn and twist, twirl; wave, undulate, meander; inosculate[obs3]; entwine, intwine[obs3].
	twist, coil, roll.
	wrinkle, curl, crisp, twill; frizzle; crimp, crape, indent, scollop[obs3], scallop, wring, intort[obs3]; contort; wreathe &c. (cross) 219.
	Adj. convoluted; winding, twisted &c. v.; wavy; undated, undulatory; circling, snaky, snake-like, serpentine; serpent, anguill[obs3], vermiform; vermicular.
	tortuous, sinuous, flexuous, tortile[obs3], tortive[obs1], anfractuous[obs3], reclivate[obs3], rivulose[obs3], scolecoid[obs3].
	sigmoid, sigmoidal[Geom].
	spiral, coiled, helical, spiriferous[obs3], spiroid[obs3]; cochleate, cochleous; screw-shaped; turbinated, turbiniform[obs3].
	involved, intricate, complicated, perplexed, daedalian[obs3].
	labyrinthine, mazy, labyrinthian, labyrinth, labyrinthic[obs3].
	peristaltic; kinky, knotted.
	wreathy[obs3], frizzly, crepe, buckled; raveled &c. (in disorder) 59.
	Adv. in and out, round and round; a can of worms; Gordian knot.

<-- R249, Rotundity is moved to solid form  -->

<-- surface here is in a geometrical sense, distinguishable from the
  surface of a solid physical object  -->
P1.2.4.2.2  Planar FORM
	surface, two-dimensional object, planar object.
	{{part_of(angle)}} {{has_subtype(form,shape, R240)}} {{property_of(bidimensionality)}} polygon.
	{{has_property(polygon)}} number of sides.
	{{has_subtype(polygon)}} {{property_of(number of sides):: three}} triangle, trigon[obs3], wedge.
	{{has_subtype(polygon)}} {{property_of(number of sides):: four}} lozenge, diamond; quadrangle, quadrilateral; quadrature; parallelogram.
	{{has_subtype(parallelogram)}}  rectangle; square; rhomboid, rhomb.
	{{has_subtype(rhomboid)}} rhombus.
	{{has_subtype(polygon)}} {{property_of(number of sides):: five}} pentagon.
	{{has_subtype(polygon)}} {{property_of(number of sides):: six}} hexagon.
	{{has_subtype(polygon)}} {{property_of(number of sides):: seven}}  heptagon.
	{{has_subtype(polygon)}} {{property_of(number of sides):: eight}} octagon, oxygon[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(polygon)}} {{property_of(number of sides):: ten}} decagon.
	{{has_subtype: @P1.2.4.2.1.3.1, circle; ellipse}}.

P1.2.4.2.3  Solid FORM
	solid form, solidity.

<-- not really a subtype. -->
P1.2.4.2.3.1  Solid  [[solid]]
	{{property_of(solidity, P1.2.4.2.3)}} solid, three-dimensional object.
	{{has_subtype: physical solid, P2.2.1.1}}.
	convex solid.
	{{&has_property(convex solid): rotundity, R249}}.
	{{part_of(angle) pyramid, cone.
	{{part_of(angle)}} {{has_subtype(form,shape, R240)}} {{property_of(tridimensionality)}} polyhedron.
	{{has_subtype(polyhedron)}} {{property_of(symmetry)}} regular polyhedron, Platonic body.
	{{has_part(polyhedron)}} facet, face.
	{{property_of(polyhedron)}} number of faces.
	{{has_subtype(polyhedron)}} {{property_of(number of faces):: four}} tetrahedron.
	{{has_subtype(polyhedron)}} {{property_of(number of faces):: five}} pentahedron.
	{{has_subtype(polyhedron)}} {{property_of(number of faces):: six}}  hexahedron.
	{{has_subtype(hexahedron)}} cube;  parallelopiped.
	{{has_subtype(parallelopiped)}} rhombohedron.
	{{has_subtype(polyhedron)}} {{property_of(number of faces):: eight}} octahedron.
	{{has_subtype(polyhedron)}} {{property_of(number of faces):: ten}} dodecahedron.
	{{has_subtype(polyhedron)}} {{property_of(number of faces):: twelve}} icosahedron, eicosahedron.
	prism, pyramid.
	{{part_of(angle): @P2.3.1.3.10.2,  curb roof, gambrel roof, mansard roof}}.

	#249. Rotundity.
	N. {{similar_to: curvature, @R245}} {{similar_to: convexity, P1.2.4.3.1.1 }} rotundity; roundness.
	cylindricality, cylindricalness, cylindricity[obs3].
	sphericity, spheroidity[obs3]; globosity[obs3].
	conicity.
	{{property_of(cylindricality)}} cylinder, cylindroid[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(cylinder)}} barrel, drum; roll, roller; rouleau[obs3], column, rolling-pin, rundle.
	{{property_of(conicity)}} cone, conoid[obs3].
	{{property_of(conicity)}} funnel.
	{{property_of}} pear shape, egg shape, bell shape.
	{{property_of(sphericity)}} sphere, globe, ball, boulder, bowlder[obs3]; spheroid, ellipsoid; oblong spheroid; oblate spheroid, prolate spheroid.
	{{property_of: knot (convolution) 248}}.
	{{property_of(sphericity)}} drop, spherule, globule, vesicle, bulb, bullet, pellet, pelote[obs3], clew, pill, marble, pea, knob, pommel, horn.
	{{property_of}} curved surface, hypersphere; hyperdimensional surface.
	V. render spherical &c.adj.; form into a sphere, sphere, roll into a ball; give rotundity &c. n.; round.
	Adj. round, rotund.
	{{has_subtype: circular, R247}}.
	{{similar_to: @P1.2.4.3.1.1, convex, bulging, distended, bulbous, protuberant, swollen, gibbous}}.
	globular, globated[obs3], globous[obs3], globose.
	cylindric, cylindrical, cylindroid[obs3]; columnar, lumbriciform[obs3].
	conic, conical, coniform.
	spherical, spheroidal.
	egg-shaped,  ovoid, oviform.
	pear-shaped, pyriform[obs3].
	bell-shaped, campaniform[obs3], campanulate[obs3], campaniliform[obs3].
	mushroom-shaped, fungiform[obs3].
	beaded, moniliform[obs3].
	tres atque rotundus[Lat]; round as an orange, round as an apple, round as a ball, round as a billiard ball, round as a cannon ball.

	#204. Layer.-- N. {{&has_part(solid}} layer.
	stratum, strata, substratum, substrata; course, bed, band, zone.
	{{of(building): floor, story]}.
	flag, stage, tier, slab, escarpment.
	table, tablet; dess[obs3].
	flagstone; board, plank; trencher, platter.
	plate; lamina, lamella; ply; panel.
	sheet,  foil; wafer.
	scale, flake,  peel.
	{{location_of(surface)}} outer layer, surface layer.
	{{has_subtype(outer layer): @R223, coat, pellicle, integument, covering}}.
	membrane, film.
	leaf; slice, shive[obs3], cut, rasher, shaving; eschar[obs3].
	{{&formed_by}} stratification.
	{{has_property}} scaliness.
	{{part_of}} nest of boxes.
	coat of an onion.
	monolayer; bilayer; trilayer[Biochem].
	{{part_of: layer cake}}.
	V. layer; layer on, lay on, layer over.
	{{&formed_by(layer)}} slice, shave, pare, peel; delaminate.
	{{&formed_by(layer)}} laminate; plate, coat, veneer.
	{{similar_to: cover &c. 223}}.
	Adj. layered.
	lamellar, lamellated[obs3], lamelliform[obs3]; laminated, laminiferous[obs3]; stratified, stratiform.
	schistose, schistous[obs3]; scaly, filmy, membranous, pellicular, flaky, squamous[Anat].
	foliated, foliaceous[obs3].
	tabular, discoid; spathic[obs3], spathose[obs3].
	mica-like, micaceous[obs3].
	three-layered, trilamellar[obs3].
	graphite-like, graphitic[obs3].
	Phr.  layered like an onion.

	#205. Filament.-- N. filament, line.  [[filament]]
	fiber, fibril, cord, cable, funicle[obs3].
	branch, offshoot, ramification; strand.
	strip, shred, slip, spill, list, band, tape, ribbon, riband.
	roll, lath, splinter, sliver, fillet, fascia.
	vein.
	{{property_of(thinness)}} capillary, capillament[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(vein)}} {{property_of(smallness)}} venule, veinlet[obs3], venula[obs3].
	hair, cilium, cilia, pilus, pili; tendril, gossamer; hair stroke.
	{{constitutes(metal)}} wire.
	string, thread, packthread, twine, twist, whipcord, rope, yarn.
	{{property_of(flatness): @R847, tape, ribbon, gimp}}.
	{{&consists_of(natural fiber): P2.3.1.3.1.2.6  Fiber materials
cotton; sewing silk; hemp, jute, oakum}}.
	{{&consists_of(synthetic fiber): @P2.3.1.3.1.2.6  Fiber materials
nylon; polyester}}.
	{{constitutes(fiber): cloth, @P2.3.1.3.1.2.6}}.
	{{&formed_by}} fibrillation.
	{{member_of(hair): beard &c. (roughness) 256}}.
	Adj. filamentous, filamentary, filamentiferous[obs3], filaceous[obs3], filiform[obs3]; fibrous, fibrillar, fibrillose, fibrillous[obs3]; thread-like, wiry, stringy, ropy.
	{{property_of(thinness)}} capillary, capilliform[obs3].
	funicular, wire-drawn, cable-drawn.
	anguilliform[obs3]; flagelliform[obs3].
	taeniate[obs3], taeniform[obs3], taenioid[obs3]; venose[obs3], venous.
	{{affects: texture, P1.2.4.3}}.
	{{has_subtype(texture): @R256, rough; hairy, ciliated, hirsute}}.

P1.2.4.3  SUPERFICIAL FORM ..(R250 to R263)
	{{has_property(surface)}} superficial form, surface apearance.

<-- 
 P1.2.4.3.1  Gross SUPERFICIAL FORM 
		250.	Convexity					252.	Concavity
				251. Flatness
		253.	Sharpness					254. Bluntness
		257.	Notch
		258.	Fold
		259.	Furrow
		260.	Opening					261. Closure
		262.	Perforator				263. Stopper 
P1.2.4.3.2  Texture  
		255.	Smoothness				256. Roughness
 -->
P1.2.4.3.1  Gross SUPERFICIAL FORM
	gross superficial form, general surace appearance.

P1.2.4.3.1.1 Convexity
	#250. Convexity. -- N. 	{{similar_to(rotundity, 249}} convexity, prominence, projection, swelling, gibbosity[obs3], bilge, bulge, protuberance, protrusion.
	camber, cahot [obs3], thank-ye-ma'am [U.S.], swell.
	intumescence; tumour[Brit], tumor; tubercle, tuberosity[Anat]; excrescence.
	{{property_of}} hump, hunch, bunch.
	boss, embossment, hub, hubble 
	{{property_of}} lip, flange.
	peg, button, stud, ridge, rib, jutty, trunnion, snag.
	relief, relievo[It], cameo; bassorilievo[obs3], mezzorilevo[obs3], altorivievo; low relief, bas relief[Fr], high relief.
	{{property_of}} hill &c. (height) 206; cape, promontory, mull; forehead, foreland[obs3]; point of land, mole, jetty, hummock, ledge, spur; naze[obs3], ness.
	{{property_of}} {{has_part(building, P2.3.1.3.10.2): cupola, dome, arch, balcony, eaves; pilaster}}.
	{{property_of}} {{has_subtype(body part):  tooth, knob, elbow, process, condyle, bulb, node, nodule, tongue, dorsum, bump, clump; bow; molar; belly, pot belly, gut[coll]; withers, back, shoulder}}.
	{{location_of(skin)]} {{has_subtype(body part): pimple, zit [slang]; wen, wheel, papula[Med], pustule, pock, proud flesh, growth, sarcoma, corn, wart, pappiloma, furuncle,  fungus, bleb, blister;  blob, papule, verruca}}.
	{{synonym(breast)}} {{location_of(chest)}} {{has_subtype(body part): papilla, nipple, teat, tit [vulgar], titty [vulgar], boob [vulgar], knocker[vulgar], pap, breast, mammae}}.
	{{synonym(nose)}} {{location_of(face)}} {{has_subtype(body part): nose, proboscis, neb, beak, snout, nozzle, schnozzle[coll], schnoz[coll]}}.
	V. be prominent &c. adj.; project, bulge, protrude, pout, bouge[obs1], bunch; jut out, stand out, stick out, poke out; stick up, bristle up, start up, cock up, shoot up; swell over, hang over, bend over; beetle.
	render prominent &c. adj.; raise 307; emboss, chase.
	[become convex] belly out.
	Adj.  convex.
	bulging, distended, bulbous, protuberant, swollen, gibbous; 	ventricular, ventricous[obs3], ventricose, verrucose[obs3].
	{{similar_to(distended): bloated &c. (expanded) R194}}.
	prominent, projecting &c. v..
	bossed, embossed, bossy, nodular, bunchy.
	clavate, clavated[obs3], claviform.
	hummocky[obs3], moutonne[obs3].
	breast-shaped, mammiform, mammiliform[obs3].
	{{similar_to(breast-shaped)}} {{property_of(multiplicity)}} mammilary, mammilated.
	knobbed, knobby, nipple-like, papillary, papillose, papulous[obs3], papilose[obs3].
	hemispheric; bowed, arched; bold.
	bellied, pot-bellied.
	tuberous, tuberculous; tumous[obs3]; cornute[obs3], odontoid[obs3].
	lens-shaped, lentiform[obs3], lenticular.
	club shaped, hubby [obs3][U.S.], hubbly [obs3][U.S.].
	saddle-shaped, selliform[obs3].
	toroid, toroidal, torose[obs3].
	salient, in relief, raised, repousse.

P1.2.4.3.1.2 Flatness
	#251. Flatness. -- N. {{conceptual_part_of(horizontality, R213, P1.2.2.2.2.2)}} flatness, planeness.
	plane; plate, platter, table, tablet, slab.
	{{similar_to: smoothness &c. 255}}.
	{{property_of: stratum &c. 204}}.
	{{has_superlative}} dead flat; level plane.
	{{has_conceptual_part: @R213, levelness, horizontalality}}.
	{{&formed_by}} flattening, planing, leveling; grading.
	{{function_of(planing): plane, power plane}}.
	{{function_of(leveling, grading): grader; steam roller}}.
	V. render flat, flatten; plane; level &c. 213.
	Adj. flat, plane, even, flush, scutiform[obs3], discoid; flat as a pancake, flat as a fluke, flat as a flounder, flat as a board, flat as my hand.
	{{has_conceptual_part: @R213, level, horizontal}}.

P1.2.4.3.1.3 Concavity
	#252. Concavity. -- N. concavity, depression, dip.
	hollow, hollowness.
	indentation, intaglio, cavity, dent, dint, dimple, follicle, pit, sinus, alveolus[obs3], lacuna.
	{[of(land)]} excavation, pit, strip mine.
	trough &c. (furrow) 259.
	{{property_of(multiplicity)}} honeycomb.
	{{property_of(multiplicity): sponge, 252a}}.
	cup, basin, crater, punch bowl; cell &c. (receptacle) 191; socket.
	{[of(land)]} valley, vale, dale, dell, dingle, combe[obs3], bottom, slade[obs3], strath[obs3], glade, grove, glen.
	{[of(land)]} cave, cavern, cove; grot[obs3], grotto.
	alcove, cul-de-sac.
	{{similar_to: gully &c. 198}}.
	{{has_conceptual_part: arch &c. (curve) 245}}.
	{[of(seacoast, @R342, @P2.3.1.1.6.2.1): bay, R343, P2.3.1.1.6.1.1.2]}.
	{{created_by(excavation): @P2.3.2.3.2.3.6, excavator, sapper, miner, driller}}.
	{[in_frame(anatomy)]} infundibulum.
	V. be concave &c. adj.
	retire, cave in, collapse.
	{[of(land)]} settle.
	render concave &c. adj.; depress, hollow.
	scoop, scoop  out; gouge, gouge out, dig, delve, excavate.
	mine, sap, undermine, burrow, tunnel, stave in.
	{{formed_by(concavity)}} dent, dint, impress, stamp.
	Adj. concave, depressed.
	cup-shaped,  scyphiform[obs3], scyphose[obs3].
	dished, dishing, calathiform[obs3].
	bowl-shaped.
	{{property_of(multiplicity)}} pitted, honeycombed, alveolar, alveolate, favaginous[obs3], faveolate[obs3], favose[obs3].
	hollow, stove in.
	retiring; retreating.
	cavernous, gaping, wide open.
	{{similar_to(honeycombed): porous,  R260}}.
	funnel-shaped, infundibular, infundibuliform, infundibul[obs3].
	bell-shaped, campaniform[obs3].
	capsular.
	{{similar_to: vaulted, arched}}.

<-- R252a, Sponge, moved to texture, P1.2.4.3.2
  [[sharp]]  -->
<-- && not finished relocation of objects here -->
P1.2.4.3.1.4 Sharpness 
	#253.  Sharpness. -- N. sharpness.
	keenness; acuity, acumination[obs3]; spinosity[obs3].
	{{property_of: point, spike, spine, needle, R253b}}. 
	nib, tooth, tusk; spoke, cog, ratchet.
	crag, crest, arete[Fr], cone peak, sugar loaf, pike, aiguille[obs3]; spire, pyramid, steeple.
	{{property_of(sharpness): prickly plant, R367a, @P2.3.2.4}}.
	{{property_of: cutting instrument, R253a, P2.3.1.3.12.4}}.
	{{property_of: prickly animal, porcupine, hedgehog}}.
	{{function_of(render sharp)}} sharpener, hone, strop; grindstone, whetstone, grinding wheel; novaculite[obs3]; steel, emery.
	V. be sharp &c. adj.; taper to a point; bristle with.
	render sharp &c. adj.; sharpen, point, aculeate, whet, barb, spiculate[obs3], set, strop, grind; chip [flint].
	cut &c. (sunder) 44.
	Adj. sharp, keen, pointed.
acute; acicular, aciform[obs3]; aculeated[obs3], acuminated[obs3].
	tapering; conical, pyramidal; mucronate[obs3], mucronated[obs3].
	spindle shaped, needle shaped.
	spiked, spiky, pointy, ensiform[obs3].
	peaked, salient.
	cusped, cuspidate, cuspidated[obs3].
	horned, cornute[obs3], cornuted[obs3], cornicultate[obs3].
	spiny, spinous[obs3], spicular, bristling, bristled, setaceous, setarious[obs3], spiniferous, spiniform[obs3], spinuliferous[obs3], echinate[obs3], gladiate[obs3].
	{{property_of(spiny): porcupine, hedgehog; sea urchin}}.
	prickly, thorny, bristling, studded, thistly, snaggy, muricated[obs3], pectinated[obs3], briary[obs3].
	{{property_of(thorny): rose; briar}}.
	{{similar_to: craggy &c. (rough) 256}}.
	finger-like, fingered, digitated[obs3].
	two-edged, double-edged, doubly tapering, fusiform[Microb].
	toothlike, tooth-shaped, dentiform[obs3], odontoid[obs3]; toothed, toothy, denticulated.
	starlike, stellated[obs3], stelliform[obs3].
	arrow-shaped, sagittate[obs3], sagittiform[obs3].
	barbed, spurred, arrowheaded[obs3]; arrowy[obs3].
	{{property_of(barbed): barbed wire}}.
	acinaciform; apiculate[obs3], apiculated[obs3]; aristate[obs3], awned, awny[obs3], bearded, calamiform[obs3].
	cone-shaped, coniform[obs3], crestate[obs3].
	awl, awl-shaped, subulate[obs3].
	lance-shaped, lanceolate[obs3], lanciform.
	scimitar-shaped, sword-shaped.
	tetrahedral, xiphoid[obs3].
	cutting; sharp edged, knife edged; sharp as a razor, keen as a razor; sharp as a needle, sharp as a tack; sharpened &c. v.; set

P1.2.4.3.1.5 Bluntness
	#254. Bluntness. -- N. bluntness, dullness.
	V. be blunt, be dull.
	[render blunt] render blunt, blunt, dull, obtund[obs3]; take off the point, take off the edge, take the edge off; turn.
	Adj. blunt, obtuse, dull, bluff.
	pointless, unpointed; edentate, toothless.

P1.2.4.3.1.6 Notch
	#257. Notch. -- N. notch, dent, nick, cut; indent, indentation; dimple.
	{[of(battlement)]} crenel.
	{{part_of(renel)}} embrasure, battlement, machicolation[obs3].
	{[of(saw)]}  tooth, crenelle[obs3].
	scallop, scollop[obs3], vandyke.
	depression; jag.
	{{part_of}} crenation.
	{{conceptual_part_of: @R259, groove, furrow}}.
	V. notch, nick, cut, dent, indent.
	jag; scarify, scotch, crimp.
	scallop, scollop[obs3], crenulate[obs3], vandyke.
	Adj. notched, nicked, dented, indented, jagged.
	crenate, crenellated, crenated[obs3].
	dentate, dentated, denticulate, denticulated, toothed, palmated[obs3], toothy.
	serrated, serrate, crenulate.

P1.2.4.3.1.7 Fold
	#258. Fold. -- N. fold, plait, pleat, ply, crease, plicature[obs3].
	flexion, flexure, joint, elbow.
	double, doubling, duplicature[obs3].
	{[of(cloth)]} tuck, gather, ruffle.
	wrinkle, crinkle, crankle[obs3], crumple, rumple, rivel[obs3], ruck[obs3], rimple[obs3].
	dog's ear.
	{{property_of(multiplicity)}} corrugation.
	frounce[obs3], flounce, lapel.
	pucker, crow's feet; plication[obs3].
	V. fold, double, plicate[obs3], plait, crease, wrinkle, crinkle, crankle[obs3], curl, cockle up, cocker, rimple[obs3], rumple, flute, frizzle, frounce[obs3], rivel[obs3], twill.
	corrugate.
	ruffle, pleat.
	crimple[obs1], crumple, pucker; turn down, double down, down under; tuck, ruck[obs3], hem, gather.
	Adj. folded, fluted, pleated &c. v..
	{[of(paper/page)]} dog-eared.

P1.2.4.3.1.8 Furrow
	#259. Furrow. -- N. furrow, groove, rut.
	scratch, crack, score, incision, slit; streak, striae, striation; chamfer, fluting.
	{{part_of}} corduroy road, cradle hole.
	sulcus[Anat].
	gutter, trench, ditch, dike, dyke; trench, fosse[obs3], trough, kennel.
	gully; tajo [obs3][U.S.], thank-ye-ma'am [U.S.].
	{{&has_location(water)}} {{function_of(defense)}} moat.
	{{&has_location(water)}} channel; canal.
	{{similar_to: @198, ravine, fault, flaw; fissure, breach, rent, crevice, cleft, cranny, crack, split, rift, slit, interval }}.
	V. [transitive] furrow, trench, groove.
	flute, plow.
	incise, engrave, etch, bite in; scratch, crack, score, streak.
	Adj. furrowed, grooved, rutted.
	fluted, striated, sulcated[Anat], canaliferous[obs3], canaliculated[obs3].
	doubly grooved, two-grooved, bisulcous[obs3], bisulcate[obs3], bisulcated[obs3].
	singly grooved, one-grooved, unisulcate[obs3].
	ribbed, corduroy, costate[obs3], costated[obs3], rimose[obs3], rimiform[obs3].
	triply grooved, three-grooved, trisulcate[obs3].

P1.2.4.3.1.9  Opening
	#260. Opening -- N. opening, hole, aperture, apertness[obs3].
	{{&result_of:  @P2.6.1.2.2.3, puncture, perforation, penetration}}.
	outlet, inlet; vent, vomitory; embouchure; orifice.
	pinhole, keyhole, loophole, porthole, peephole, mousehole, pigeonhole; eye of a needle; eyelet; slot.
	funnel, gully, tunnel, main; mine, pit, adit[obs3], shaft; gallery.
	channel, passage, passageway.
	vessel, tubule, canal, gut.
	adjutage[obs3], ajutage[obs3].
	alley, aisle, glade, vista.
	bore, caliber; pore; blind orifice; fulgurite[obs3], thundertube[obs3].
	{{property_of(multiplicity)}} sieve, colander, screen, riddle, cullender[obs3], cribble[obs3]; honeycomb.
	{[of(body organ, @P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.1)]} fontanel, fontanelle, fontanel[obs3].
	{[of(body organ, @P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.1)]} foramen; fistula, ostium.
	{[of(land)]} {{property_of(deep)}} boring, borehole.
	{{has_subtype(borehole)}} well.
	{{property_of(multiplicity}} porousness, porosity.
	{{&result_of}}  yawning, splitting, dehiscence, oscitancy[obs3], patefaction[obs1], hiation[obs3], pandiculation[obs3].
	{{similar_to: chasm &c. (interval) 198}}.
	{{has_subtype(orifice)} {{has_part(body, P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.1): mouth, sucker, muzzle, throat, gullet; nose, nozzle}}.
	{[of(garment)]} placket.
	{{has_part(building, P2.3.1.3.10.2)}} {{has_subtype: embrasure, window, casement; abatjour[obs3]; light; sky light, fan light; lattice; bay window, bow window; oriel[Arch]; dormer, lantern}}.
	{{has_part(building, P2.3.1.3.10.2)}} {{has_subtype: portal, porch, gate, ostiary[obs1], postern, wicket, trapdoor, hatch, door; arcade; cellarway[obs3], driveway, gateway, doorway, hatchway, gangway; lich gate[obs3]}}.
	{{has_subtype: way, path, thoroughfare  &c. 627}}.
	{{has_subtype(channel): @R350, tube, pipe}}.
	{{has_subtype(pipe): water pipe &c. 350; air pipe &c. 351}}.
	{{has_part(building, P2.3.1.3.10.2)}} smokestack; chimney, flue.
	{{has_subtype(outlet)}} {{has_part(container)}} tap.
	key &c. 631, opener, master key, password, combination, passe-partout.
	V. open, ope[obs3], gape, yawn, bilge; fly open.
	perforate, pierce, empierce[obs1].
	tap, bore, drill.
	{{has_subtype: mine &c. (scoop out) 252}}.
	tunnel; transpierce[obs3], transfix.
	{{formed_by: @P2.6.1.2.2.3, penetrate, enfilade, impale, spike, spear, gore, spit, stab, knife, pink, puncture, lance, stick, prick, riddle}}.
	punch; stave in.
	cut a passage through; make way for, make room for.
	open, pull open, throw open, pop open, uncover, unclose, unrip[obs3]; lay open, cut open, rip open, blow open, pry open, tear open.
	Adj. open, opened; wide open, ajar, unclosed, unstopped; gaping, yawning, opening, oscitant[obs3].
	perforated, pierced,  perforate.
	patent.
	tubular, cannular[obs3], fistulous.
	pervious, permeable, porous, spongy, honeycombed, infundibular[obs3].
	vesicular, vascular, vasicular[obs3].
	follicular, cribriform[obs3], riddled; tubulous[obs3], tubulated[obs3], foraminous[obs3]; piped, tubate[obs3].
	Int. open sesame!

P1.2.4.3.1.10 Closure
	#261. Closure. -- N. {{has_subtype(hindrance, R706)}} closure, occlusion, blockage, block, blockade; seal.
	lock, bolt; bar.
	embolus, embolism, infarction; constipation, obstipation[obs3].
	{{&formed_by: contraction, R195, P2.4.2.5.2}}.
	blind alley, blind corner; keddah[obs3]; cul-de-sac, caecum.
	impermeability, impenetrability, imperforation[obs3], imperviousness.
	{{function_of: @R263, stopper, plug, bung, cork}}.
	{{function_of: @R223, cover, cap, lid}}.
	{{&formed_by}} closure, closing, blocking; shutting up; locking, bolting; stoppering, corking, capping; sealing, caulking, plugging.
	{{&result_of(impermeability): @P1.2.2.3.1.3.1, @R233, Covering,  
 taping; spackling, cementing, plastering; waxing, priming, painting, lacquering, shellacing}}.
	V. {{has_subtype(hinder, R706)}} close, occlude, plug.
	stop, seal.
	block up, stop up, fill up, bung up, cork up.
	button up, stuff up, shut up, dam up; blockade, obstruct &c.
	plumb; lock, bar, bolt.
	choke, throttle; ram down, dam, cram.
	trap, clinch; put to the door, shut the door.
	Adj. closed, sealed, occluded, plugged, stopped up; shut, operculated[obs3]; unopened.
	impenetrable; impassable, unpassable[obs1]2; invious[obs1]; pathless, wayless[obs3]; untrodden, untrod.
	impervious, impermeable, unpierced[obs3], imporous[obs3], caecal[Med]; closable; imperforate.
	unventilated; air tight, gas tight; water tight, water proof; hermetically sealed; tight, snug.

P1.2.4.3.1.11  Tapering
	N. {{has_subtype(narrowness, R203)}} tapering, taper, narrowing,  coarctation[obs3], angustation[obs3]; wedge, wedge-shape.
	cone, cone-shape; funnel, funnel-shape.
	constriction, stricture, neck, bottleneck.
	waist, waisline, midriff, middle.
	isthmus.
	{{has_metaphor(constriction)}} {{part_of(constriction): wasp, hourglass}}.
	{{property_of(constriction): ridge, ghaut[obs3], ghat[obs3], pass; ravine &c. 198}}.
	{{&caused_by: contraction &c. 195}}.
	V. {{has_subtype(become narrow, @R203)}} narrow, taper, constrict.
	Adj. narrowed, narrowing, tapering, tapered, constricted.
	cone-shaped, funnel-shaped; wedge-shaped.

<-- R262, Perforator is moved to P2.3.1     -->
<-- R263, Stopper is moved to  P2.3.1.3.9.1 Container parts. -->

P1.2.4.3.2  Texture  [[texture]]
	N.  {{has_property(surface, R220, P1.2.2.3.1.1)}} texture, feel, surface texture, fine surface appearance, detailed surface appearance.
	Adj. textural, textile.

P1.2.4.3.2.1 Smoothness
	#255. Smoothness. -- N. smoothness &c. adj.; polish, gloss; lubricity, lubrication.
	{{result_of}} smoothing; finishing, glossing.
	{{has_subtype(smoothing)}} polishing.
	{{uses(smoothing)}}  roller, lawn roller, rolling pin, rolling mill; sand paper, emery paper, emery cloth, sander; flat iron, sad iron; burnisher, turpentine and beeswax; polish, shoe polish.
	{[of(road pavement)]} {{carried_out_by(rolling)}} steam roller, 
	{[of(road pavement)]} {{has_subtype(smoothing)}} leveling, rolling.
	{[of(cloth)]} {{has_subtype(smoothing)}} ironing, pressing.
	{[of(gemstones)]} {{result_of}} {{has_subtype(polishing)}} gemstone polishing.
	{{studied_in(gemstone polishing)}} lapidary.
	{{has_method(smoothing)}} {{has_subtype(abrasion, R195, P1.2.2.1)}} planing; filing; sanding.
	{{performed_by(gemstone polishing): @P2.3.2.3.2.3.8, lapidary, lapidarian; gemcutter}}.
	{{property_of}} {{has_subtype(material): down, velvet, velure, silk, satin; velveteen, velour, velours, velumen[obs3]; glass, ice}}.
	{{property_of: slide; asphalt, wood pavement, flagstone, flags}}.
	{{property_of: bowling green &c. (level) 213}}.
	V. smooth, smoothen[obs3].
	[render smooth] {{has_subtype(smoothing)}} {{has_method(abrade, @P2.4.2.5.3)}} file; sand; polish, burnish.
	{{has_subtype(smoothing)}} {{has_method(cutting, R44)}} plane; mow; shave.
	level, roll; macadamize.
	calender[obs3], glaze.
	iron, hot-press, mangle.
	lubricate &c. (oil) 332.
	Adj. smooth.
	smoothed; oiled; leveled; ironed; polished, burnished.
	slick, sleek, glossy, leiodermatous[obs3], velutinous[obs3].
	even.
	{{has_subtype: level &c. 213; plane &c. (flat) 251}}.
	silken, silky, satiny.
	lanate[obs3], downy, velvety.
	glabrous, slippery , glassy, lubricous, oily.
	soft, unwrinkled[obs3].
	smooth as glass, smooth as ice, smooth as monumental alabaster, smooth as velvet.
	smooth as oil.
	woolly &c. (feathery) 256.
	Phr.  smooth as silk.

P1.2.4.3.2.2 Roughness
	#256. Roughness. -- N. roughness, unevenness.
	grain, texture, tooth.
	ripple; asperity, rugosity[obs3], salebrosity[obs1].
	corrugation, nodosity[obs3].
	coarseness, scale, irregularity.
	{{has_subtype(branching, R242}}.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.2, brush, hair, beard, shag, mane, whisker, moustache, imperial, tress, lock, curl, ringlet; fimbriae, pili, cilia, villi; lovelock; beaucatcher[obs3]; curl paper; goatee; papillote, scalp lock}}.
	{{property_of}} plumage, plumosity[obs3]; plume, panache, crest; feather, tuft, fringe, toupee.
	{{property_of: wool, velvet, fur, down; plush, nap, pile, floss; byssus[obs3], moss, bur; fluff}}.
	{{property_of: knot (convolution) 248}}.
	V. be rough, be coarse, be uneven.
	go against the grain.
	render rough, render coarse, render uneven; roughen, ruffle, crisp, crumple, corrugate, set on edge, stroke the wrong way, rumple.
	knot, gnarl, snarl.
	Adj. rough.
	coarse, uneven, irregular, scabrous, scaly.
	{[of(filament)]} knotted, gnarled, snarled.
	rugged, rugose[obs3], rugous[obs3]; knurly[obs3].
	asperous[obs3], crisp, salebrous[obs1].
	unpolished, unsmoothed, unfinished, unsmooth[obs3], roughhewn.
	craggy, cragged; crankling[obs3], scraggy.
	{{similar_to: prickly &c. (sharp, R253)}}.
	leafy, well-wooded.
	{{has_subtype: branched, R242}}.
	feathery; plumose, plumigerous[obs3]; laciniate[obs3], laciniform[obs3], laciniose[obs3]; pappose[obs3].
	pileous[obs3], pilose[obs3]; trichogenous[obs3], trichoid[Med].
	tufted, fimbriated, hairy, ciliated, filamentous, hirsute; crinose[obs3], crinite[obs3]; bushy, hispid, villous, bearded, pilous[obs3], shaggy, shagged, pappous[obs3].
	fringed, befringed[obs3]; setous[obs1], setose[obs3], setaceous.
	downy, velvety, flocculent, woolly, fluffy; lanate[obs3], lanated[obs3]; lanuginous[obs3], lanuginose[obs3]; tomentose[obs3].
	Adv. against the grain.
	Phr. cabello luengo y corto el seso[Sp]; ; "like quills upon the fretful porcupine" [Hamlet]; rough as a nutmeg grater, rough as a bear.

P1.2.4.3.2.3  Porosity
	#252a.  Porosity
	N.  porosity, sponginess; permeability.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.12.9, sponge, honeycomb}}.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.12.9,  sieve, net, screen; strainer; frit[Chem], filter}}.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.12.9,  cloth}}.
	Adj. porous, permeable.
	cellular, spongy, spongiform, spongious[obs3]; honeycombed, alveolar; sintered.

(R264 to R315 to P2.4.1  Motion )
  ===================    MATTER  P2  ===========================
P2. Material Phenomena     [[matter]]
P2.1 Matter generally  (R316 to R320)
<--
		316.	Materiality				317.	Immateriality
		318.	World
		319.	Gravity					320.	Levity
-->
<-- note that reality has two different definitions in this entry -->
	#316. MATTER. -- N. matter; the real world, the physical universe; reality, objective reality.
	{{antonym_of(objective reality): subjective reality, @R317, @P2.11}}.
	stuff, material, body, substance, brute matter; element, principle, substratum, hyle[obs3], corpus, pabulum.
	parenchyma[Biol].
	{{has_property}} materiality, materialness; corporeity[obs3], corporality[obs3]; substantiality, substantialness, flesh and blood, plenum; reality, physical reality.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.6.2,  chemical, chemical substance, substance, compound}}.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3, object, physical object, article, thing, something, item}}.
	still life; stocks and stones.
	{{has_property: state, @P2.2.1}}.
	{{has_subtype(state): @P2.2.1,  solid; fluid; plasma}}.
	{{has_subtype(fluid): @P2.2.1, liquid; gas; supercritical fluid}}.
	{{has_subtype(liquid): @P2.2.1, pure liquid; solution; suspension; aerosol, sol}}.
	{{has_subtype}} superdense matter, condensed states of matter; dwarf star, neutron star.
	{{has_subtype(chemical substance): materials, R635, P2.1.3}}.
	{{studied_in}} physics; science, natural philosophy, experimental science, experimental philosophy; physicism[obs3]; physical science, the hard sciences, philosophie positive[Fr]; somatology[obs3], somatics.
	{{issue_in}} materialism; somatism[obs3].
	{{property_of(materialism): @P2.3.2.3.2.4.31,  materialist, somatist[obs3]}}.
	{{job_of(physics): physicist}}.
	Adj. material, bodily; corporeal, corporal.
	real; physical; somatic, somatoscopic[obs3].
	sensible, tangible, ponderable, palpable, substantial.
	objective, impersonal, nonsubjective[obs3].
	neuter, unspiritual, materialistic.
	Adv.  in reality, really, in this world; in this life.

P2.1.1  Immateriality.  (R317)
	#317. Immateriality. -- N. immateriality, nonmateriality, immaterialness, incorporeity.
	the spirit world, spirituality; astral plane.
	subjective reality.
	{{has_subtype(subjective reality): imagination, R515}}.
	{{has_subtype(subjective reality): fiction, @R515}}.
	{{has_subtype(subjective reality): myth, @R515}}.
	{{has_subtype(subjective reality): error, R495}}.
	{{has_subtype(subjective reality): @R944, ethics, morals}}.
	{{has_subtype(subjective reality): @M1, personality, individuality; self, I, myself, me; ego; other; you}}.
	{{has_part(spirit world)}} @R450, spirit, soul}}.
	{{has_part(spirit world)}} astral body.
	{{studied_in(spirit world)}} spiritualism.
	{{studied_in(spirit world): religion, R987; theology, R983}}.
	spiritualist.
	V. be immaterial, be incorporeal.
	be unreal, not exist in the physical universe.
	disembody, spiritualize.
	Adj. immaterial, nonmaterial, non-physical, immateriate[obs3]; unreal, incorporeal, incorporal[obs3].
	incorporeal, disembodied, noncorporeal, incorporate[obs2], unfleshly[obs3], asomatous[obs3], unextended[obs3]; unembodied[obs3].
	extramundane, unearthly; pneumatoscopic[obs3].
	spiritual &c. (psychic) 450. 
	subjective, personal, nonobjective.

<--  Originally this was "world". Most of below is related to cosmos.
    See also P2.3.1.1.3  Astronomical formations (much duplication), needs to be differentiated.   -->
P2.1.2  Universe (R318)
	#318. Universe. -- N. universe, creation, nature, cosmos; kosmos[obs3]; macrocosm, megacosm[obs3].
	{{causes}} music of the spheres.
	{{has_part: astronomical formation, P2.3.1.1.3}}.
$$.
	{{has_instance(theory)}} {{has_beginning(universe)}} big bang.
	Adj. cosmic, cosmical[obs3].
	galactic.
	celestial, heavenly, sphery[obs3].
	stellar, astral, starry, sidereal, sideral[obs3].
	earthly, worldly, mundane, terrestrial, terrene, terreous[obs1], telluric[obs2], terrestrious[obs1], terraqueous[obs3], geotic[obs3].
	under the sun, under the moon, under the stars, sublunary[obs3], subastral[obs3].
	planetary.
	solar, heliacal[obs3].
	lunar.
	nebular; uranic.
	Adv. in all creation, inthe universe.
	on earth, on the face of the globe, here below, under the sun.
	Phr. die Weltgeschichte ist das Weltergesicht[Ger]; "earth is but the frozen echo of the silent voice of God" [Hageman]; "green calm below, blue quietness above" [Whittier]; "hanging in a golden chain this pendant World" [Paradise Lost]; "nothing in nature is unbeautiful" [Tennyson]; "silently as a dream the fabric rose" [Cowper]; "some touch of nature's genial glow" [Scott]; "this majestical roof fretted with golden fire" [Hamlet]; "through knowledge we behold the World's creation" [Spenser].

<-- R319, gravity, and R320, levity are moved to P2.6.1.6  Gravity   (R319, R320)  at Physics -->

<-- the Roget entry 635, "materials" is primarily for supplies.  Component materials, must be listed separately: here a general concept of component material, and under P2.3 the natural processed materials and synthetic artifacts are listed.  -->
P2.1.3  Materials generally
	#635. Raw Materials. -- N. raw material, material, stuff, stock, staple.
	materials; supplies; feedstock.
	starting material.
	{{has_subtype(starting material): @P2.3.1.1.4, mineral, ore}}.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.2.1, solid; fluid}}.
	{{has_subtype(fluid): @P2.2.1, liquid; gas; supercritical fluid}}.
	{{has_subtype(liquid): @P2.2.1, pure liquid; solution; suspension; aerosol, sol}}.
<-- note that Wordnet has a lot of detail under liquid.  Useful types.
	should be under sense under "matter"? -->
$$.
	{{has_subtype: P2.3.1.3.21,  household supply, household stuff}}.
	{{has_subtype: @R298, pabulum, food}}.
	{{has_subtype:  @R727, munition, ammunition, arms}}.
	{{has_subtype: baggage &c. (personal property) 780}}.
	{{similar_to: means &c. 632}}.
	{{has_subtype:  fuel}}.
	{{of(person): @P2.3.2.3.2.5.64,  reinforcement, reenforcement[obs3]; contingents; relay, relief}}.
	Adj. raw, unprocessed.
	{{similar_to: raw &c. (unprepared) 674}}.

<-- here the meaning of "material" is specifically as a component material in some object.  One of these entries will normally be the second argument of a consists_of pedicate relation. &&  put most of these under P2.3.1.2 Processe Natural Materials -->
P2.1.4  component Materials
	{{has_subtype(Component, @R56)}} component, constituent.
	{{part_of}} composition, substance, constitution, material, stuff.
	substratum.
	{{studied_in}} materials science.
$$.
	{[in_frame(metallurgy/gemology)]} {[of(solid)]} {{&has_subtype}} inclusion.
	{[in_frame(metallurgy)]} {{has_property}} grain.
	{{&has_part}} reinforcement.
	{{&has_part: layer, lamination}}.
	{{&has_part}} ingredient, subcomponent.
	Phr. "the stuff dreams are made of"; "remember man that thou art dust and unto dust thou shalt return".

<-- specific types of materials will be found under processed natural materials, P2.3.1.2, or artifacts, P2.3.1.3.  Materials classified by function, which might be in either category, will be rpimarily under artifacts, but should be crossed-referenced to natural substances where appropriate.  Natural materials will be classified by physical composition, or origin, and artifacts which are predominantly used in a particular function may be found under the individual usage headings -->

P2.2 Properties of Matter (Nouns and Adjectives)  [[matprop]]
	{{has_property(matter, P2.1)}} property of matter.

P2.2.1 PROPERTIES OF matter generally  R149 to R150
	{{has_property(matter, P2.1)}} {{has_subtype(characteristic, R79a)}}  physical property, physical attribute, physical characteristic.

<-- the term "incohabitability" was coined here to express the notion that two solid bodies cannot occupy the same place at  the same time.  This is not necessarily true of liquids, gases, or radiation.  Just a device to simplify the inheritance of this property.  -->
P2.2.1.1  State of matter   [[state]]
	{{has_property(matter, P2.1)}} state.
	{{has_subtype(state)}} solid, solid state; liquid, liquid state; gas, gaseous state; supercritical fluid; electromagnetic radiation.
	{{has_subtype(matter, P2.1)}} subatomic particle; ion; plasma; superdense matter, neutron star; black hole.
	{{has_subtype(matter, P2.1)}} {{has_property(liquid state)}} liquid, physical liquid.
	{{has_subtype(physical liquid)}} pure liquid; solution; suspension; aerosol, sol.
	{{has_property(electromagnetic radiation)}} radiation,  electromagnetic wave; quantization; wavelength; periodicity, frequency; polarization.
	{{has_property(electromagnetic radiation): velocity: velocity of light}}.
	{{has_property(physical solid)}} incohabitability.
<-- && is ability to be reflected a property? Do we need a behavioral property? -->
	{{has_property(electromagnetic radiation)}} collimation; refraction; reflection; absorption.
	{{has_component(electromagnetic radiation)}} photon, quantum.

P2.2.1.2 Physical Solid  [[solidbody]]
	N.  {{has_subtype(matter, P2.1)}} {{has_property(solid state)}} solid, physical solid, solid body.
	{{has_subtype}} deposit, precipitate.
	{{has_subtype}} mass, block, knot, lump; concretion, concrete, conglomerate; cake, clot, stone, curd, coagulum; bone, gristle, cartilage; casein, crassamentum[obs1], legumin[obs3].
	{{formed_by}} condensation; deposition, vapor deposition; caseation[obs3]; solidation[obs3], solidification; consolidation.
	{{formed_by}} petrification &c. (hardening) 323.
	{{formed_by}} drying, evaporation; crystallization, precipitation, crystal growth; inspissation[obs3]; gelling, gelation, thickening; concretion, coagulation.
	{{has_property}} specific gravity.

(from Roget, COMPLEX  CHANGE  R149 to R150)
P2.2.1.3  Instability
	#149. Changeableness. Instability.
	N. {{&has_property(matter, P2.1)}} {{required_for_subj(change, R140)}} {{required_for_obj(change, R140)}} {{has_subtype(susceptibility, @R177)}} {{antonym_of(stability, R150)}} changeableness, instability, physical susceptibility; mutability, variability, inconstancy.
	versatility, mobility; unstable equilibrium; fluctuation, vicissitude.
	{{has_subtype: alternation &c. (oscillation) 314}}.
	{{causes: transience &c. R111}}.
	{{&caused_by: chemical reaction}}.
	{{&caused_by: P2.6 Interactions}}.
	{[of(person): @R605, vacillation, irresolution, restlessness;  inconstancy, fickleness; fidgets, disquiet; disquietude, inquietude; unrest]}.
	{[of(person)]} {{has_manifestation(irresolution, R605): agitation &c. R315}}.
	{{property_of: chameleon,  quicksilver, moon, Proteus, shifting sands, weathercock; harlequin, Cynthia of the minute, April showers[obs3]}}.
	{{property_of}} wheel of Fortune; the fickle finger of fate.
	V. [intransitive] change, fluctuate, vary, waver, shift, flounder, flicker.
	{[of(person): waffle, blow with the wind (irresolute) 605}}.
	flitter, flit, flutter, shuffle, shake, totter, tremble, vacillate, wamble[obs3]; sway to and fro, shift to and fro.
	turn and turn about, ring the changes; change and change about;  oscillate &c. 314; vibrate between two extremes, oscillate between two extremes; alternate; have as many phases as the moon.
	Adj. changeable, changeful; mutable, variable, checkered, ever changing.
	{{similar_to: ; changing &c. 140}}.
	unsteady, unstable, unstaid[obs3], inconstant.
	protean, proteiform[obs1]; versatile.
	unfixed, unsettled; fluctuating, varying, changing, vacillating, trembling, flittering, fluttering; restless.
	{[of(person): agitated &c. 315; erratic, fickle; irresolute &c. 605; capricious &c. 608]}.
	touch and go;  vibratory; vagrant, wayward; desultory; afloat; alternating; alterable, plastic, mobile; wavering.
	{{causes: ; transient &c. 111}}.
	inconsonant, fitful, spasmodic.
	Adv. variably, varyingly, inconstantly; changeably, restlessly, vacillatingly; seesaw &c. (oscillation) 314; off and on.
	Phr.  "a rolling stone gathers no moss"; pictra mossa non fa muschis[It]; honores mutant mores[Lat]; varium et mutabile semper femina [Lat][Vergil]; "all that is transitory is but an illusion" [Goethe]..

<-- stability, as applied to matter, is a relative term.  No matter is totally and permanently stable.   This was an abstract concept in Roget.-->
P2.2.1.4  Stability
	#150. Stability.
	N. {{&has_property(matter)}}  stability.
	immutability, unchangeability, unalterability; unchangeableness[obs2]; constancy; stable equilibrium, soundness, vitality, stabiliment[obs3].
	{{of(artifact)]} durability; reliability.
	stiffness, ankylosis[Med.].
	solidity.
	immobility.
	{{&caused_by(immobility): anchor, mooring}}.
	{{&caused_by(immobility): fastener, P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.1}}.
	{{property_of}} establishment, fixture.
	{{property_of:  rock; pillar, tower; foundation}}.
	{{has_metaphor}}  leopard's spots; Ethiopia's skin.
	{{has_high_intensity: permanence &c. 141}}.
	{[of(person): @R826, inexcitability, coolness, composure, coolth[coll.], aplomb]}.
	{[of(person): @R606, obstinacy, stubbornness]}.
	{[of(person): @R604, determination, resolution}}.
	{[of(person): @R604a, perseverance}}.
	{{has_metaphor}} the rock of Gibraltar.
	V. be stable.
	resist change.
	{[in_frame(chemistry)]} be unreactive.
	{[of(person): @R604a, persevere, be firm &c. adj.; stick fast; stand firm, keep firm, remain firm; weather the storm, stay the course, stick to the  course, keep the faith, don't give in, don't buckle under]}.
	{[of(topic, R454)]} settle, establish, stablish[obs3], ascertain, fix, set, stabilitate[obs3]; retain, keep hold; make good, make  sure.
	[render immobile] fasten &c. (join) 43.
	set on its legs, float; perpetuate.
	[render stable] {[of(person)]} {{has_subtype(locate, @R184): settle down, settle in; strike roots, put down roots, take root; take up one's abode, take up permanent residence, take up residence; build one's house on a rock}}.
	Adj. unchangeable, immutable; unaltered, unalterable; not to be changed, constant; invariable, undeviating; stable, durable.
	{[of(plant)]} perennial &c. (diuturnal) 110.
	{{has_high_intensity: permanent &c. 141}}.
	fixed, steadfast, firm, fast; steady, balanced.
	confirmed, valid; fiducial[obs3].
	immobile, immovable, irremovable, riveted, rooted.
	{[of(topic)]} settled, established, res judicata[Law].
	vested; incontrovertible, stereotyped.
	{[of(word)]} indeclinable.
	tethered, anchored, moored, at anchor, on a rock, rock solid, firm as a rock; firmly seated, firmly  established &c. v.; deep-rooted, ineradicable; inveterate; obstinate &c. 606.
	transfixed, stuck fast, aground, high and dry, stranded.
	[movable object rendered unmovable] stuck, jammed; unremovable; quiescent &c. 265; deterioration &c. 659.
	indefeasible, irretrievable, intransmutable[obs3], incommutable[obs3], irresoluble[obs3].
	{[of(decision)]} irrevocable, irreversible, reverseless[obs3].
	inextinguishable, irreducible; indissoluble, indissolvable[obs3].
	indestructible, undying, imperishable, incorruptible.
	{[of(mark/effect)]} indelible, indeciduous[obs3].
	insusceptible, insusceptible of change.
	Int. stet.
	Phr. stable as a rock; littera scripta manet[Lat].

P2.2.1.5 Mass.  [[mass]]
	{{affects(gravity, R319)}} mass, weight.
	{{has_measure}} tun, cord, lump, bulk, block, loaf, mass, swad, clod, nugget.

P2.2.2  Properties of specific types of matter
P2.2.2.1  PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS..(R321 to R330)
<--  	321.	Solidity (was Density)		322.	Rarity
		323.	Hardness					324.	Softness
		325.	Elasticity				326.	Inelasticity
		327.	Tenacity					328.	Brittleness
		329.	Texture
		330.	Pulverulence
-->
<-- 331.  Friction  & 332.  Lubrication to Physics P2.6.1  -->
<-- note density here refers to solid-type density, more porperly called soidity.  The general concept of material density belongs above  -->
	#321. Solidity. -- N. {{has_property(physical solid, @P2.2.1.1)}} solidity; firmness, solidness.
	density, compactness.
	impenetrability, impermeability, imporosity[obs3].
	incompressibility.
	{{similar_to: cohesiveness, cohesion &c. 46}}.
	consistency, spissitude[obs1].
	indivisibility, indiscerptibility[obs3].
	insolubility, indissolvableness.
	{{similar_to: hardness, R323}}.
$$.
	V. be dense, be solid.
	become solid, render solid, solidify, solidate[obs3]; concrete, set, take a set, cure, consolidate, congeal, coagulate; curd, curdle; lopper; fix, clot, cake, candy; precipitate, deposit, cohere, crystallize.
	{{similar_to: petrify &c. (harden) 323}}.
	{{has_subtype(solidify)}} condense, thicken, gel, inspissate[obs3], incrassate[obs3]; compress, squeeze, ram down, constipate[obs2].
	Adj. dense, solid.
	solidified.
	{{has_subtype(solidified)}} condensed, congealed; precipitated, deposited,  coagulated; crystallized.
	{{has_subtype(solidified)}} caseous; pukka[obs3]; coherent, cohesive &c. 46; compact, close, serried, thickset.
	substantial, massive, lumpish[obs3].
	impenetrable, impermeable, nonporous, imporous[obs3].
	incompressible; constipated[obs2].
	concrete &c. (hard) 323; knotted, knotty; gnarled; crystalline, crystallizable; thick, grumous[obs1], stuffy.
	undissolved, unmelted[obs3], unliquefied[obs3], unthawed[obs3].
	indivisible, indiscerptible[obs3], infrangible[obs3].
	indissolvable[obs3], indissoluble, insoluble, infusible.

<-- Roget had some aspects of gaseousness here.  Those were removed to the entry Gas, R334 -->
	#322. Rarity. -- N. {{has_property(network)}} rarity, tenuousness, tenuity; absence of solidity, absence of hardness, lack of hardness; subtlety, subtility[obs3], subtilty[obs3].
	sponginess, compressibility.
	rarefaction, expansion, dilatation, inflation, subtilization[obs3].
	{{property_of}} sponge; foam.
	{{has_subtype(sponge)}} natural sponge; synthetic sponge.
	{{has_subtype(foam)}} polyurethane foam; polystyrene foam.
	V. {{antonym_of(compress, R195)}} rarefy, decompress, expand, dilate, subtilize[obs3].
	Adj. rare, subtle, subtile, thin, fine, tenuous, compressible, flimsy, slight.
	light &c. 320; cavernous, spongy &c. (hollow) 252.
	rarefied &c. v.; insubstantial, unsubstantial.
	uncompressed, uncompact[obs3], incompressed[obs3].
	expandable, rarefiable[obs3].

	#323. Hardness. -- N. hardness.
	stiffness, inflexibility, rigidity; renitence[obs3], renitency; temper, callosity, durity [obs1].
	{{caused_by}} induration, petrifaction; lapidification[obs3], lapidescence[obs3]; vitrification, ossification; crystallization.
	{{has_measure}} Moh's scale.
	{{has_measure(stiffness)}} Young's modulus; coefficient of restoration.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.1.4, Natural Solid, stone, pebble, rock, flint, marble, crag, crystal, quartz, granite, adamant}}.
	{{property_of: bone, fossil, cartilage}}.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.1.2.3, hardware; heart of oak, block, board, deal board; iron, steel; cast iron, decarbonized iron, wrought iron; nail; brick, concrete; cement}}.
	V. render hard &c. adj.; harden, stiffen, indurate, petrify.
	temper; ossify; vitrify; crust over, accrust[obs3].
	Adj. hard.
	rigid, stiff, firm; starch, starched; stubborn; stark, unbending, unlimber, unyielding; inflexible, tense; indurate, indurated.
	gritty, proof.
	adamant, adamantine, adamantean[obs3].
	concrete, stony, granite, granitic, calculous, lithic[obs3]; rocky.
	glassy, vitreous.
	horny, corneous[obs3]; bony, osseous, ossific[obs3]; cartilaginous.
	rock-hard, hard as a rock; stiff as buckram, stiff as a poker; stiff as starch, stiff as as board; hard as nails.

	#324. Softness. -- N. softness, pliableness, pliancy, pliability; flexibility;  sequacity[obs3], malleability.
	tenderness, suppleness, litheness.
	ductility, tractility[obs3], extendibility, extensibility; formability.
	plasticity; inelasticity, flaccidity, limpness, laxity.
	penetrability.
	{{property_of}} clay, wax, butter, dough, pudding.
	{{property_of}} alumina, argil.
	{{property_of}} cushion, pillow; mattress.
	{{property_of}} down, padding, wadding;foam.
	mollification; softening, 
	{{has_subtype(mattress)}} feather bed, feather mattress.
	{{constitutes(down)}} down comforter; feather pillow.
	V. render soft, soften; mollify, mellow, relax, temper.
	[transitive] mash, knead, squash, work.
	[intransitive] bend, yield, relax, give.
	{{has_metaphor}} {[of(person): @R762, yield, relent, give in]}.
	plasticize.
	Adj. soft, tender, supple; pliant, pliable; flexible, flexile; lithe, lithesome.
	lissom, limber, plastic.
	{[of(metal)]} ductile; malleable, extensile, formable.
	inelastic.
	tractable, tractile[obs3].
	{[of(carpet)]} deep piled.
	yielding, bending, sagging; flabby, limp, flimsy.
	doughy, spongy; penetrable.
	foamy, plush, cushy[coll.], cushiony[obs3].
	flaccid, flocculent, downy; edematous, oedematous[obs3], medullary[Anat], argillaceous, mellow.
	soft as butter, soft as down, soft as silk; yielding as wax, tender as chicken.
	{[of(person)]} pliant, agreeable, sequacious[obs3].

	#325. Elasticity. -- N. {{has_subtype(restorability, R145)}} elasticity, springiness, spring, resilience, renitency; buoyancy.
	{{property_of: rubber, India(n) rubber, latex, caoutchouc gum elastic, natural rubber; neoprene, synthetic rubber, Buna-S; plastic; Spandex; whalebone, baleen}}.
	flexibility.
	{{property_of: spring, R633, P2.3.1.3.12}}.
	{{has_measure: Young's modulus, @R327a}}.
	V. stretch, flex, extend, distend, be elastic &c. adj.; bounce, spring back &c. (recoil) 277.
	Adj. elastic, flexible, tensile, spring, springy, resilient, renitent, buoyant; ductile, stretchable, extendable.
	Phr.  Hooke's law, the stress is proportional to the strain.

	#326. Inelasticity. -- N. want of elasticity, absence of elasticity, absence of resilience.
	{{has_subtype: brittleness, R328}}.
	{{has_subtype: softness, R324)}}.
	Adj. inelastic.
	{{has_subtype: @R323, unyielding, rigid}}.
	{{has_subtype: @324, inflexible, soft.
	not resilitent, not elastic, irresilient[obs3].

<-- strength was included in this entry, but we need separate categories for gooeyness and tensile strength, which are quite different.  So strength is in 327a.  -->
	#327. Tenacity. -- N.  {{has_subtype((cohesion) R46}} tenacity.
	grip, grasp, stickiness, gooeyness; sequacity[obs3].
	toughness.
	{[of(person: stubbornness &c. (obstinacy)]}.
	gumminess, glutinousness[obs3], sequaciousness[obs3].
	{{is_high_level_of: @R352, viscosity, viscidity, semiliquidity}}.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.1.2.7, glue, mucilage; cement}}.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.1.2.7, adhesive tape; gummed paper; fly paper}}.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.1.2.7, Velcro}}.
	{{property_of(toughness)}} {{&has_part(meat)}} gristle, cartilage.
	{{property_of: saran wrap, plastic wrap}}
	V.  be tenacious &c. adj.
	grip, grasp, stick (cohesion) 46.
	Adj. tenacious, tough, strong, resisting.
	sticking, sticking fast.
	gluey, sticky, tacky, gooey, adhesive, sequacious[obs3]; gummy; pasty.
	{{is_high_level_of: @R352, thick, syrupy, viscous}}.
	stringy, gristly cartilaginous.
	leathery, coriaceous[obs3], tough as whitleather[obs3]; stubborn &c. (obstinate) 606.
	Phr.  cling like sin.

	#327a. Strength
	strength, strongness, unbreakability.
	unbreakability, tensile strength.
	{{has_measure(tensile strength)}} Young's modulus.
	{{property_of}} leather; white leather, whitleather[obs3].
	{{property_of: steel, reinforced concrete}}.
	{{&caused_by}} reinforcement.
	V.  be strong; resist fracture.
	resist tear, resist tearing.
	Adj.  strong.
	unbreakable, indivisible; atomic.

	#328. Brittleness. -- N. {ant. 327} brittleness, breakability; fragility, friability, frangibility, fissibility[obs3].
	{{property_of}} brittle object.
	{{property_of: glass}}.
	{{has_metaphor(brittle object)}} house of cards, house of glass.
	{{property_of}} weak point, weak link, weak link in the chain.
	V. be brittle.
	be breakable, be fragile, be weak, be frail.
	{{has_metaphor}} live in a glass house.
	[tr. & intr.] {{has_subtype(separate, @R44)}} crack; crack open.
	[tr. & intr.] {{has_subtype(separate, @R44)}} break, snap, split, shiver, sunder.
	[tr. & intr.] {{has_subtype(separate, @R44)}} shatter, splinter.
	break short, burst, fly, give way.
	[intrans.] fall to pieces; crumble, crumble to dust, crumble into dust.
	[transitive] smash; smash to pieces.
	Adj. brittle.
	breakable, weak, frangible, fragile, frail, delicate, brash [U.S.].
	gimcrack[obs1], shivery, fissile.
	splitting.
	lacerable[obs3], splintery, crisp, crimp, short, brittle as glass.
	Phr.  break into smithereens.

	#329. Structure.  [[structure]]
	N. {{has_subtype( (form) 240}} {{part_of(component, @P2.1.2)}} structure, organization, internal organization; fabric, construction; architecture.
	{{part_of(constituent, @P2.1.4)}} constitution.
	{[of(animal)]} anatomy.
	foundation, carcass.
	{{has_part}} frame, mold, framework, skeleton.
	{{has_subtype}} stratification, layering, cleavage.
	substance, stuff, compages[obs3].
	{[of(living cell)]} parenchyma[Biol].
	staple, organism.
	{{studied_in}} {[of(bone)]}  osteology.
	{{studied_in}} {[of(muscle)]} myology.
	{{studied_in}} {[of(nervous system/nerve)]} neurology.
	{{studied_in}} {[of(blood vessel/vascular system)]} angiography.
	internal texture, intertexture[obs3], contexture[obs3].
	tissue, grain, web; warp and woof, warp and weft.
	{{has_property(surface): tooth, nap &c. (roughness) 256; flatness (smoothness) 255}}.
	{{has_property}} fineness of grain; coarseness of grain.
	{{has_part:  surface, P1.2.2.3.1.1}}.
	{[of(chemical)]} structure, molecular structure.
	{{has_representation(molecular structure)}} {{property_of(bidimensionality)}} structure, structural diagram.
	{{has_representation(molecular structure)}} {{property_of(tridimensionality)}} molecular model.
	{[of(living cell)]} cell structure.
	{{studied_in(cell structure)}} histology.
<--  organography[obs3], splanchnology[obs3], adeology[obs3], adenography[obs3].   -->
	Adj. structural, organizational; anatomic, anatomical.
	internal, organic.
	fine grained, coarse grained; fine, delicate, subtile, gossamery, filmy, silky, satiny; coarse; homespun.
	rough, gritty; smooth.
	smooth as silk, smooth as satin.

	#330. Granularity.
	N.  granularity, fine division; sandiness; powderiness, pulverulence[obs3].
	{{property_of(powderiness)}} powder, dust, shingle; seed, grain; sawdust; grit.
	{{has_subtype(powder)}} meal, bran, flour, farina.
	{{has_subtype(grain)}} rice.
	spore, sporule[obs3]; crumb;  limature[obs1], filings.
	{{property_of(granularity)}} debris, detritus, tailings, talus slope, scobs[obs3], magistery[obs3], fine powder; flocculi[Lat].
	{{has_member(powder): particle &c. (smallness) 32}}.
	{{has_subtype(rice)}} paddy, padi.
	{{property_of(sandiness):  sand, @P2.3.1.1.4}}.
	{{property_of}} filings; sawdust.
	{{property_of}} smoke; cloud of dust, cloud of sand, cloud of smoke; puff of smoke, volume of smoke; sand storm, dust storm.
	{{property_of(granularity)}} {{forms(filing, @P2.4.2.5.3)}} filings.
	[rendering powdery] {{result_of}} pulverization, comminution.
	{{result_of}} granulation, disintegration, subaction[obs3], contusion, trituration[Chem], levigation[obs3], multure[obs3]; limitation; tripsis[obs3]
	{{formed_by(powder):  @P2.4.2.5.3, filing, abrasion, detrition}}.
	{{has_requirement(pulverization)}}  pulverizability.
	{{has_high_intensity(pulverizability)}} friability.
	{{formed_by(powder)}}  efflorescence.
	{{uses(pulverization)}} grinder; shredder; mortar and pestle; nutmeg grater; teeth.
	{{uses(pulverization)}} {{has_subtype(mill)}} churn, butter churn, hand mill, kern[obs3], quern[obs3], koniology[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(grinder):  mill, arrastra[obs3], gristmill; meat grinder}}.
	{{has_part(gristmill): grindstone}}.
	V. come to dust; be disintegrated, be reduced to powder &c.
	[transitive] pulverize, comminute, granulate, triturate, levigate[obs3]; reduce to powder, grind to powder.
	[transitive] scrape, file, abrade, rub down, grind, grate, rasp.
	[transitive] crush, cranch[obs3], craunch[obs3], crunch.
	[intransitive] scranch[obs3], crumble, disintegrate.
	{{has_method(crush): pound, bray, bruise; contuse, contund[obs3]; beat}}.
	attenuate &c. 195.
	Adj. powdery, pulverulent; finely divided.
	granular, granulated.
	sandy, gritty, arenose[obs3], arenarious[obs3], arenaceous[obs3], sabulous[obs3], psammous[obs3].
	mealy, floury, farinaceous, branny[obs3], furfuraceous[obs3].
	flocculent, dusty.
	pulverized, powdered, ground.
	filed, abraded, debrided, attrited[obs3]; in pieces.
	{{required_for(pulverization)}} pulverizable, crushable; friable, crumbly, shivery.
	{{has_high_intensity(pulverizable)}} {{emitted_by(water vapor)}} efflorescent.
<--  lepidote[obs3], sabuline[obs3]; sporaceous[obs3], sporous[obs3].
-->

P2.2.2.2   PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
P2.2.2.2.1 Properties of Fluids In General..(R333 to R334)
<--  	333.	Fluidity					334.	Gaseity  
-->
	#333. Fluidity. -- N. fluidity, liquidity; liquidness &c. adj[obs3].; gaseity &c. 334[obs3].
	fluid, inelastic fluid; liquid, liquor; lymph, humor, juice, sap, serum, blood, serosity[obs3], gravy, rheum, ichor[obs3], sanies[obs3]; chyle[Med].
	solubility, solubleness[obs3].
	[Science of liquids at rest] hydrology, hydrostatics, hydrodynamics.
	{{measured_by}} hydrometer, areometer[obs3].
	V. be fluid &c. adj.; flow &c. (water in motion) 348; liquefy, melt, condense &c. 335.
	Adj. liquid, fluid, serous, juicy, succulent, sappy; ichorous[obs3]; fluent &c. (flowing) 348.
	liquefied &c. 335; uncongealed; soluble.

	#334. Gaseousness.
	N. gaseousness, gaseity[obs3], vaporousness; flatulence, flatulency; volatility; aeration, aerification.
	{{property_of}} elastic fluid, gas, vapor.
	{{has_subtype(gas)}} air; steam; essence, fume, reek, effluvium, flatus.
	{{property_of: cloud &c. 353}}.
	ammonia, ammoniacal gas[obs3], volatile alkali.
	vacuum, partial vacuum.
	ether.
	{{studied_in}} pneumatics, aerodynamics, fluid dynamics, pneumatostatics[obs3]; aerostatics[obs3].
	{{has_location(air)}} {[of(fish)]} air bladder, swimming bladder, sound.
	{{measured_by: flowmeter, gasmeter[obs3], gasometer[obs3]}}.
	{{formed_by}} vaporization, evaporation; sublimation; boiling; diffusion, gassification[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(gas)}} {{consists_of(air): nitrogen; oxygen; argon; carbon dioxide; water vapor}} 
	V.  be gaseous, be vaporous.
	gasify.
	{{synonym_of(gasify): @R336, vaporize, evaporate, evanesce; boil, emit vapor; diffuse}}.
	Adj. gaseous, vaporous; aeriform[obs3], ethereal, aerial, airy.
	{{requires(vaporization)}} volatile, vaporizable, evaporable[obs3], flatulent.

<-- 335 & 336 to Physics  P2.6.1
		335.	Liquefaction				336.	Vaporization  
          (337 to 351 to P2.3.1.1  Natural Objects)
-->
P2.2.2.2.2  PROPERTIES OF IMPERFECT FLUIDS..(R352 to R355)
<--  	352.	Semiliquidity				353.	Bubble
		354.	Pulpiness					355.	Unctuousness
  [[gel]]  
We divide the Roget Semiliquidity into viscous liquids and gels, 352a.
-->
	N. semifluidity.

<-- semiliquidity applies to a liquid which is viscous, but can still flow.  This includes foods like soup and sauces.  Semiliquids which do not flow readily are under the next section, gelatinousness .  [[semiliquid]]-->
P2.2.2.2.2.1  Semiliquidity  
	#352. Semiliquidity. -- N. semiliquidity; viscosity, viscidity;  mucosity[obs3]; spissitude[obs3], crassitude[obs3]; lentor[obs3].
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.1.2.7, glue, mucilage, adhesive}}.
	{{has_subtype: @R327a, tenacity, adhesiveness}}.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.1.2.7, fish glue, carlock[obs3]}}.
	{{property_of}} mucus, phlegm, goo;  lava.
	{{property_of}} emulsion.
	{{property_of: soup; @P2.3.1.3.2.17, sauce, gravy}}.
	{{property_of}} squash, mud, slush, slime, ooze.
	{{property_of: moisture &c. 339}}.
	{{property_of}} pus.
	{{property_of:  cream; treacle, molasses}}.
	{{has_high_intensity: R352a, gelatinousness, waxiness}}.
	V. inspissate[obs3], incrassate[obs3]; thicken, mash, squash, churn, beat up.
	sinter.
	suppurate.
	Adj. semifluid, semiliquid, tremellose[obs3]; thick, viscous, viscid.
	half melted, half frozen.
	muddy; soupy.
	pussy, purulent; suppurating, suppurative.
	milky, lacteal, lactean[obs3], lacteous[obs3], lactescent[obs3], lactiferous[obs3]; emulsive, curdled, succulent, uliginous[obs3].
	slab, slabby[obs3]; lentous[obs1], pituitous[obs3].
	mucoid, phlegmy, mucid[obs3], muculent[obs3], mucous.
	{{has_subtype: resinous, R356a}}.
	Phr.  thick as pea soup; thick as molasses.

<-- gelatinous includes gumminess and waxiness, i.e. not-quite-solid and in some ways liquid, but solid enough to not flow under gravity, or at least under weak gravity (as when a cup is inclined slightly).  Douginess is in the next section.  ->
P2.2.2.2.2.2  Semisolidity
	#352a.  Semisolidity. Gelatinousness
	N.  {{has_high_intensity(semiliquidity, R352}}  gelatinousness, semisolidity, gumminess, glutinousness, glutinosity[obs3]; gumminess, gummosity[obs3].
	{{result_of}} thickening, setting, gelation, inspissation, incrassation[obs3].
	{{property_of}}  semisolid, gel, jell, gelatin, gluten; paste.
	{{property_of}} extract.
	isinglass.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.2.16,  jelly, jam, preserve; }}.
	{{part_of{semisolid): marsh &c. 345}}.
	{{property_of}} starch, gluten, glair[obs3]; gum, size.
	{{property_of: agar gel, agar}}
	V. gel.
	clot.
	Adj. gelatinous, albuminous, gelatin, mucilaginous, glutinous, glutenous, mastic, amylaceous[obs3], ropy, clammy, clotted.
	semisolid.

P2.2.2.2.2.3  Pulpiness
	#354. Pulpiness. -- N. pulpiness, mushiness; doughiness.
	{{property_of}} pulp, dough, curd, pap, pudding.
	{{property_of}} poultice, rob[obs2], grume[obs3].
	{{property_of}} {{has_subtype(food)}} mush; oatmeal; baby food; pabulum.
	{{has_subtype(pulp)}} {{derived_from(pulp paper)}} wood pulp.
	Adj. pulpy, mushy; doughy.
<--   pultaceous[obs3], grumous[obs3]; baccate[obs3].  -->

P2.2.2.2.2.4  Bubble
	#353.  Bubble.
	N. bubble.
	{{member_of}} {{has_large_quantity}} , foam, froth, head, spume, lather, suds.
	effervescence, fermentation; bubbling &c. v.
	V. bubble.
	boil; foam, froth.
	mantle, sparkle, guggle[obs3], gurgle.
	effervesce, ferment, fizzle.
	cavitate.
	Adj. bubbling &c. v.; frothy, nappy[obs3], effervescent, sparkling, mousseux[French: frothy], up.

[[cloud]]
P2.2.2.2.2.5  Cloud
	#353a.  Cloud.
	N.  {{property_of(turbidity, R426a)}} cloud, vapor, fog, mist, haze; billow.
	steam.
	nebula.
	{{has_subtype(nebula): @P2.3.1.1.3, celestial nebula, astral nebula, galaxy, star cluster}}.
	{[in_frame(weather/atmosphere)]} {{has_subtype(cloud): @P2.7.2.1.1   scud, nimbus; cumulus, cirrus; stratus; cirrostratus, cumulostratus; cirrocumulus; curl cloud; thunderhead}}.
	{{studied_in(cloud)}} nephanalysis, cloud science, nephelognosy[obs3], nephology[obs3].
	{{comprises(steam + water)}} geyser.
	{{has_property: translucence, @R425}}.
	{{has_property: cloudiness &c. (opacity) 426; nebulosity &c. (dimness) 422}}.
	{{measured_by(scattering); nephelometer, turbidimeter}}.
	{{has_measure(cloudiness)}} light scattering, scattering; degree of scattering.
	{{similar_to}} spray, sea spray, surf, spindrift.
	V.  cloud up, become cloudy.
	become overcast.
	Adj. cloudy, hazy, misty, foggy,  vaporous; nebulous, overcast, thunderheaded[obs3].
	Phr. "the lowring element scowls o'er the darkened landscip" [Paradise Lost].

<-- divide 355 into oily (liquid) and greasy, soapy (slippery solids) -->
P2.2.2.2.2.6  Oiliness
	#355. Oiliness. -- N. oiliness, unctuousness,  unctuosity[obs3]; slipperiness.
	lubricity.
	{{property_of: @R356, ointment, oil}}.
	{{property_of: lubricant, R332)}}.
	{{has_function}} anointment.
	{{has_function(oil, R356): lubrication &c. 332}}.
	V. oil &c. (lubricate) 332.
	Adj. unctuous, oily, oleaginous, unguinous[obs3]; slippery.
	Phr.  smooth as silk; slippery as an eel; slippery as coonshit on a pump handle[vulg]; slippery as a greased pig.

P2.2.2.2.2.7  Greasiness
	#355a.  Greasiness.
	N. {{similar_to(unctuousness, R355)}} greasiness, fattiness.
	soapiness.
	{{property_of: grease, @R356b}}.
	{{has_function(grease): lubrication &c. 332}}.
	{{property_of: @356b, fat, lard; soap; butter}}.
	Adj. fat, fatty, greasy, adipose, sebaceous; buttery, butyraceous; soapy, saponaceous[obs3]; pinguid, lardaceous[obs3]; slippery, slick.
	V. grease.
	saponify.

<-- oil & resin to physical objects P2.3.2
									356.	Oil
									356a. Resin
-->
P2.2.3  Trait [Behavioral Characteristic of Humans]    [[trait]]
<-- Note that entries for specific types of individuals with particular traits are found at Character, P2.3.2.3.2.4.
     "Trait" here, in the "physical universe" section, refers to the physically observable behavior which is a manifestation of the underlying personality.  The personality qualities are listed separately as a mental phenomenon under Affections, R820, at M3.3.1.  The concept of Habit, R613, at M7.1.1, is also retained as a general mental property under "Volition". -->
	N. trait.

P2.2.3.1  Character trait
	N.  {{has_manifestation(affections, R820)}} {{has_manifestation(habit, R613)}} {{has_property(human)}}  trait, character, qualities, disposition, personality, temper, temperament; nature, spirit, tone.
	habit, habitual behavior, characteristic behavior.

<-- see WN property/trait   -->
P2.2.3.1.1  specific Character traits
	N.   {{property_of: human}}  character trait.
	[ref: person with particular characteristics P2.3.2.3.2.4].

P2.2.3.1.1.1  Positive Character trait
	N. {{has_high_quality(trait)}} maturity; elegance; rightness, rectitude; reliability; originality; excellence; competence; adequacy; keenness; beauty; pleasantness; self-confidence, confidence.

  <--  negative qualities. Maintain list with opposites in register with corresponding positive qualities, above  -->
P2.2.3.1.1.2  Negative Character Trait
	N. {{has_low_quality(trait)}}  immaturity; inelegance; wrongness, inrectitude; unreliability; unoriginality; mediocrity; incompetence; inadequacy; dullness; ugliness; unpleasantness; self-doubt, insecurity.

P2.2.3.2   human physical traits  {{property_of: human}}.
<-- P2.2.3.2.1.1  giant and P2.2.3.2.1.2  stranger  moved to character (people with certain properties) 
    should add size, strength, color, attractiveness, disability, etc. -->
	N. physical trait, physical characteristic.

P2.2.3.2.1  Youth  (R127)
	#127. Youth. -- N. {{has_trait(youngster,  R129, P2.3.2.3.2.4.11)}} youth; juvenility, juvenescence[obs3]; juniority[obs3].
	childhood, boyhood, girlhood, youthhood[obs3]; incunabula; minority, nonage, tender age, bloom.
	{{has_beginning}} birth.
	{{has_temporal_part}} {{has_extreme}} infancy, babyhood.
	{{has_temporal_part}}  teens.
	{{has_temporal_part}}  puberty, pucelage[obs3].
	{{has_metaphor(infancy)}} cradle, nursery.
	{{has_temporal_part}} school days, pupilage.
	prime of life, flower of life, springtime of life, springtide of life[obs3], seed-time of life, golden season of life, heyday of youth.
	next generation, rising generation, the future of the world, the future of our country.
	{{developmental_form_of:  person}}.
	{{precedes: adolescence}}.
	Adj. young, youthful, juvenile, green, callow, budding, sappy, puisne, beardless, under age, in one's teens; in statu pupillari[Lat]; younger, junior; hebetic[obs3], unfledged.
	teen; pubescent.
	Phr. "youth on the prow and pleasure at the helm" [Gray]; " youth . . . the glad season of life" [Carlyle].

<-- in Roget, the entry "AGE" refers to human old age.  WE leave it that way.  Here "primogeniture appears twice, as the tradition, and as a property of the firstborn.  Two different senses.  -->
P2.2.3.2.2  Age  (R128)
	#128. Age
	N. {{has_subtype(oldness, R124)}} {{antonym_of(youth, P2.2.3.2.1)}} age, oldness, old age, advanced age.
	golden years.
	years, gray hairs, anility[obs3].
	climacteric, grand climacteric, declining years, decrepitude, hoary age, caducity[obs3], superannuation; dotage.
	vale of years, decline of life, "sear and yellow leaf" [Macbeth]; three-score years and ten; green old age, ripe age, ripe old age; time of life.
	{{&co-occurs_with}} second childhood, second childishness.
	{{has_extreme}} superannuation.
	{{result_of}} longevity.
	{{causes}} {{has_subtype(comparison)}} {{property_of(older)}} seniority, eldership.
	{{property_of(seniority): @P2.3.2.3.2.4.32, firstling, firstborn; eldest}}.
	doyen, father.
	{{has_property(firstborn)}} primogeniture.
	{{has_subtype(tradition)}} primogeniture.
	{{studied_in}} geriatrics, nostology[obs1].
	{{developmental_form_of: human}}.
	{{antonym_of(@R130, @P2.3.2.3.2.4.12,  elder, veteran): P2.3.2.3.2.4.11, infant}}.
	{{trait_of:  }}.
	{{follows: adulthood, maturity}}.
	{{&causes}} {{has_subtype(disease)}} senility, senile dementia; senescence.
	{{has_instance(senile dementia): Alzheimer's disease}}.
	V. be aged &c. adj.; grow old, get old &c. adj.; age; decline, wane, dodder; senesce.
	Adj. {{has_subtype(old, R124)}} aged; elderly, geriatric.
	matronly, anile[obs1].
	ripe, mellow; gray, gray-headed; hoar, hoary; venerable, time-worn, antiquated.
	passe, effete.
	decrepit, superannuated, run to seed, declining, waning, past one's prime; advanced in life; stricken in years.
	on in years, getting on in years, advanced in years.
	long in the tooth, marked with the crow's foot, wrinkled; having one foot in the grave; like the last of pea time.
	{{&causes(old age)}} senile, addled.
	doting &c. (imbecile) 499.
	older, elder, oldest, eldest; senior; firstborn; ichiban[Jap].
	turned of, years old; of a certain age, no spring chicken, old as Methuselah; ancestral; patriarchal &c. (ancient) 124; gerontic[obs3].
	Adv.  pro tempore[Lat], pro tem[Lat].
	Phr. "give me a staff of honor for my age" [Titus Andronicus]; bis pueri senes[Lat][obs3]; peu de gens savent elre vieux[Fr]; plenus annis abiit plenus honoribus [Lat][Pliny the Younger]; "old age is creeping on apace" [Byron]; "slow-consuming age"' [Gray]; "the hoary head is a crown of glory" [Proverbs xvi, 31]; "the silver livery of advised age" [II Henry VI]; to grow old gracefully; "to vanish in the chinks that Time has made" [Rogers].

P2.2.3.2.3  Adolescence  (R131)
	#131. Adolescence. -- N. adolescence, pubescence.
	spring of life.
	{{developmental_form_of: human}}.
	{{precedes: adulthood, maturity}}.
	{{follows: youth}}.
	{{property_of: @P2.3.2.3.2.4.11, adolescent, young adult, teenager}}.
	V. grow up, mature.
	Adj. adolescent, pubescent.

P2.2.3.2.4  Adulthood (R131a)
	#131a.  Adulthood -- N. 
	{{property_of(adult, P2.3.2.3.2.4.33)}} adulthood, majority; adultism; adultness; manhood, virility, maturity full age, ripe age; flower of age; prime of life, meridian of life.
	{{property_of: man &c. 373; woman &c. 374}}.
	{{property_of}} adult, no chicken.
	{{developmental_form_of: human}}.
	{{follows: adolescence}}.
	{{precedes: age}}.
	V. come of age, come to man's estate, come to years of discretion; attain majority, assume the toga virilis[Lat]; have cut one's eyeteeth, have  sown one's wild oats.
	Adj. adult,  grown up, mature, full grown, in one's prime, middle-aged; of age; of full age, of ripe age; out of one's teens; sexually mature.
	{{has_property(male)}} manly, virile.
	{{has_property(female)}} womanly, matronly; marriageable, nubile.

P2.2.3.2.5 spasticity
	N. spasticity, lack of coordination.
	{{has_symptom}} staggers, megrims, fit; carphology[obs3], chorea, floccillation[obs3].
	epilepsy.
	the jerks, St. Vitus's dance, tilmus[obs3].
	{{has_symptom}} throb, palpitation.
	{{has_symptom}} spasm, throe, convulsion.
	Adj. spastic.
	convulsive, convulsing, epileptic; jerky, jerking, uncoordinated.

P2.2.3.3  traits of human groups
	N. {{property_of: human group, P2.3.2.3.1.5}} group phenomenon.

P2.2.3.3.1  Commotion
	N. {{has_subtype(disturbance, chaos, disorder, R59)}} commotion, turmoil, turbulence, disquiet, agitation; tumult, riot, tumultuation[obs1]; hubbub, rout, bustle, fuss, racket, subsultus[obs3].
	{{has_low_level}} perturbation, restlessness.
	{{similar_to(restlessness): changeableness  R149}}.
	Adj. tumultuous, riotous, chaotic, agitated; disordered, disorderly.
	{{has_low_level}} perturbed, restless.
	[predicate adj] in tumult, in ferment, in chaos.
	Adv.  riotously, tumultuously, chaotically.

P2.2.4  Properties of Humans [other than P2.2.3] 
P2.2.4.1  human condition
<-- although the general concept of state applies to humans in the general sense, the nuance expressed in "what shape is he in now?" warrants a separate sense  symbol HPROP -->
	#7b.  Human Condition.
	N.  {{has_property(human)}} {{property_of(internal)}} {{has_subtype(state, R7, @A1.1.4)}} human condition, state, condition, shape.
	{{has_property(human)}} {{property_of(external)}} {{has_subtype(situation, R8, @A1.1.4)}} situation, lot, circumstances, category, estate.
	{{affects(human condition): @M3.3.2, @R821, mood, frame of mind}}.
	{{affected_by: human traits, P2.2.3.2}}.
	{{has_subtype(situation)}} {{has_high_quality}} comfort, ease.
	{{has_subtype(situation)}} {{has_low_quality}} discomfort, unease.
	{{has_high_intensity(discomfort)}} pickle, plight, dilemma, pass, predicament; bad situation, nasty situation, horrendous situation.
	Adv.  in a state, in a condition.
	{{has_high_quality}} in good condition, fine, doing well, doing OK.
	{{has_low_quality}} in bad condition, in a bad situation, in poor condition.
	{{has_subtype(in a bad situation)}} in a pickle, at a sorry pass, in a plight; on the horns of a dilemma, in a dilemma.
	Phr.  How are you?  How are you doing?  How are things?

P2.2.4.2  Ability
	{{has_subtype(power, R157)}} {{has_trait(person)}} ability, faculty, quality, attribute, endowment, property, qualification, virtue.
	{{has_high_quality}} gift, talent.
	{{has_high_quality(talent)}} genius.
	quid valeant humeri quid ferre recusent [Latin].
	{{conceptual_part_of: expertise (skill) 698}}.
	{{&caused_by: training; experience}}.
	{{&caused_by}} {{property_of(inherited)}} innate talent.

<-- [[liquid, gas]]  -->
P2.3 Physical Objects  (Symbol: PO)     [[physobj]]
<-- "Physical Objects" applies to anything with mass or energy, hence to anything observable by physical phenomena.  The objects normally considered as "physical objects" here are defined as "palpable objects".  The definiton of something as a "physical object" will default to "palpable object", which is the usual sense.  Only palpable objects will inherit the usual characteristics of shape, color, etc. -->
	{{property_of(materiality, R316, @P2.1)}} physical object, object, material object, thing.
	{{property_of(solidity)}} solid.
	{{property_of(fluidity)}} liquid.
	{{property_of(gaseousness)}} gas.
	plasma; radiation.
	{{property_of(indefinite)}} something, anything.
	{{has_property: mass; weight}}.
	{{has_property: dimension; size}}.
	{has_subtype(dimension): length, width, height, circumference}}.
	{{has_property: location}}.
	{{has_subtype}} {{property_of(length: <0.1nm)}} subatomic particle.
	{{has_subtype}} {{property_of(length: <= 10 nm, >0.1nm)}} molecular object.
	{{has_subtype}} {{property_of(length: >10 nm)}} palpable object.
	{{has_property(palpable object): shape}}.
	{{has_property(palpable object): color}}.
	{{has_part(palpable object): surface}}.
	{{has_property(surface): texture, surface texture}}.
	{{has_part(palpable object)}} end; gable end, butt end, fag-end; tip, nib, point.
	{{has_part(palpable object)}} front; tail &c. (rear) 235; top; bottom; verge &c. (edge) 231.
	{{has_subtype(liquid)}} {{property_of(moving)}} stream.
	{{property_of(hotness)}} hot object.
	{{property_of(coldness)}} cold object.
<--
    leave this entry as a comment   
  #347. [Fluid in motion.] Stream. -- N. stream &c. (of water) 348, (of air) 349. 
	flowmeter.
	V. flow &c. 348; blow &c. 349.  -->

P2.3.1 Inanimate Objects (R321 to R356)  (Sym: POIN)
	N.  inanimate object.
	{{has_subtype(gas, P2.3)}} {{forms(combustion)}} {{property_of(hot)}} combustion gas, exhaust gas.
	{{has_subtype(air)}} {{property_of(hot)}} hot air.

P2.3.1.1  Natural objects  (R337 to R349)
	natural object.
	{{part_of}} nature; the great outdoors.

P2.3.1.1.1   Natural Objects Generally

P2.3.1.1.2   Subatomic Particles and Waves
	subatomic particle.
	lepton; boson; hadron.
	{{property_of(negative charge)}} electron; antiproton.
	{{property_of(positive charge)}} proton; positron, anitelectron.
	{{property_of(neutrality)}} neutron; neutrino; anitneutrino.
	meson.
	quark.
	gluon.
	{{has_subtype(meson)}} pion, pi meson; muon, mu meson.
	photon, wavicle.

<-- see also P.2.1  universe: much duplication  -->
P2.3.1.1.3   Astronomical Formations  -- N.  [[galaxy]]] [[planet]]
	{{has_part(universe)}} galaxy.
	{{has_location(galaxy}} heavens, sky, welkin[obs1], empyrean; starry cope, starry heaven, starry host; firmament; Midgard; supersensible regions[obs3]; varuna; vault of heaven, canopy of heaven; celestial sphere, celestial spaces.
	{{&has_part(galaxy)}} {{emitted_by(light)}} nebula, star cluster.
	{{&has_subtype(galaxy)}} nebula, galactic nebula.
	{{has_subtype(nebula): celestial nebula, astral nebula; galaxy; star cluster}}.
	{{has_instance(galaxy)}} Milky Way galaxy, milky way, galactic circle, via lactea[Lat], ame no kawa [Jap: river of heaven].
	{{has_member(galaxy/star cluster)}} star system.
	{{emitted_by(light)}} {{has_part(star system)}} sun, star, fixed star.
	{{&has_part(star system): planet}}.
	{{has_part(Milky Way galaxy)}} {{has_instance(star system)}} Solar system.
	{{has_part(solar system)}} earth, terra, globe, world, wide world, terraqueous globe[obs3], sphere.
	{{has_part(galaxy)}} heavenly body.
	{{has_part(star)}} photosphere, chromosphere.
	{{has_part(solar system)}} planet, wandering star; asteroid, planetoid; comet; moon, satellite; meteor, falling star, aerolite[obs3], shooting star, meteorite, uranolite[obs3], meteoroid; planetary ring.
	{{has_subtype(planet)}} inner planet; outer planet.
	{{has_subtype(planet)}} {{property_of(hugeness)}} gas giant.
	{{has_instance(satellite)}} earth's moon, moon, orb of night, Diana, silver-footed queen, Luna.
	zodiac, signs of the zodiac.
	{{has_part(zodiac)}} constellation.
	{{has_subtype(constellation)}} Charles's wain; Ursa major, Great Bear;  Little Dipper; Southern Cross; Orion; Cassiopea, Cassiopea's chair, Pleiades.
	{{has_part(Orion)}} Orion's belt.
	{{has_part(Ursa major)}} Big Dipper.
	{{has_part(planet)}}{{has_subtype(zone)}} equator.
	{{has_part(celestial sphere)}}{{has_subtype(zone)}} colures[obs3], celestial equator; ecliptic; orbit.
	{{studied_in}} astronomy; uranography, uranology[obs3]; cosmology, cosmography[obs3], cosmogony; star gazing.
	{{has_representation(solar system)}} orrery, eidouranion[obs3].
	{{job_of(astronomy)}} star gazer[obs3]; astronomer.
	{{has_subtype(building)}} observatory; planetarium.
	{{causes(big bang, @P2.1)}} cosmic background radiation, 3K radiation.
	{{studied_in(earth): geodesy &c. (measurement) 466}}.
	{{has_subtype(star)}} red giant; pulsar; nova, supernova.
	{{has_subtype(star)}}{{property_of(high density)}} white dwarf, neutron star.
	{{emitted_by(X-ray)}} X-ray source.
	comet.
	{{has_instance(sun)}} Sol, old sol, the Sun, earth's sun, orb of day, Apollo, Phoebus.
	{{has_location(Sol)}}{{has_subtype(path/zone): ecliptic}}.
	{{property_of(duality)}} binary star, binary, eclipsing binary.
	{{has_member(binary star): star}}.
	{{property_of(multiplicity)}}{{has_subtype(group)}}  galaxy.
	quasar, quasi-stellar radio source.
	{{has_instance(planet)}} mercury; venus; earth; mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, Pluto.
	Adj. astronomical, cosmological; solar, stellar; cometary; planetary; meteoric; celestial.

P2.3.1.1.4   Natural Solids    [[stone]]
	<--         minerals in situ.  Trees aren't here because these under P2.3.1 are inanimate    -->
	N.  {{&constitutes: land}} {{property_of(P2.2.1.1, physical solid)}} natural solid.
	{{property_of(hardness, R323): @P2.3.1.1.4.1, stone, rock, boulder; pebble}}.
	{{has_subtype(stone) ore.
	{{consists_of(ore): P2.3.1.1.4.1 mineral}}.
	{{has_subtype(stone)}} composite, breccia.
	metal.
	{{property_of(granularity, R330)}} grit.
	{{property_of(granularity, R330)}} soil, dirt.
	{{has_subtype(soil)}} glebe; clay; loam, marl; sediment; cledge[obs3], chalk; gravel; mold; subsoil; bottomland, flood plain.
	mud.
	{{property_of(granularity, R330)}} sand.
	{{property_of(granularity, R330)}} gravel, detritus; talus.
	{{constitutes(water)}} ice, snow, glacier, ice cap, ice berg, ice floe.
	{{has_large_quantity(glacier)}} ice field.
	[ref: geological formations, R342, P2.3.1.1.6.2].

P2.3.1.1.4.1   Stone
	N. stone, rock, boulder; pebble.
	soapstone; shale; sandstone; porphyry; marble; lodestone; limestone; lave; granite; gneiss; flint; fieldstone; emery rock; dolomite; claystone; chalk; brownstone; basalt; pumice.
	{{constitutes(sulfur)}} brimstone.

P2.3.1.1.4.2  Mineral
	N.  mineral.
	{{has_subtype(mineral)}} flint; marble; crystal; quartz; granite; adamant; sandstone; limestone.
	acmite, aegirite, "Na2O.Fe2O3.4SiO2".
	actinolite.
	agate.
	alabandite, manganblende.
	albite, sodium feldspar.
	almandite. carbuncle, Al-Fe garnet.
	aluminite, websterite.
	alunite, alum stone.
	alunogenite, alunogen.
	amblygonite, hebronite.
	analcite, analcime.
	anatase, octahedrite.
	andalusite.
	andesine, feldspar group.
	andradite, common garnet, black garnet, "3CaO.Fe2O3.3SiO2".
anglesite.
	anhydrite, CaSO4.
	{{consists_of(anhydrite): calcium sulfate}}.
	anorthite, lime feldspar.
	anorthoclase, feldspar group, soda-microcline.
	anthophyllite.
	antigorite.
	apatite, fluoroapatite, asparagus-stone.
	apophyllite.
	aragonite, "CaCO3".
	{{consists_of(aragonite): calcium carbonate}}.
	argentite, silver glance, Ag2S.
	barite, barytes, BaSO4.
	{{consists_of(barite): barium sulfate}}.
	corundum, ruby, sapphire, Al2O3.
	{{consists_of(ruby): aluminum oxide.
	opal, SiO2.xH20.
	olivine, peridot, chrysolite, (Mg,Fe)2SiO4.
	grossularite, hessonite, 3CaO.Al2O3.3SiO2.
	spessartite, manganese-aluminum garnet, 3MnO.Al2O3.3SiO2.
	uvarovite, calcium-chromium garnet, 3CaO.Cr2O3.3SiO2.
	beryl, emerald, 3BeO.Al2O3.6SiO2.
	diamond, bortz, carbonado, C.
	cchalcedony, flint, agate, SiO2.

P2.3.1.1.4.2.1  Gemstone
	N. gemstone, gem.
	zircon, hyacinth, jargon; tourmaline; topaz; sunstone, aventurine; spinel, spinel ruby; rose quartz; morganite; kunzite; citrine; chrysoprase; carnelian; aquamarine; amethyst.
	{{property_of(opaque)}} turquoise; lapis lazuli; jasper; jade, jadestone; coral; chrysoberyl; cat's eye; alexandrite.
	{{has_subtype: opal; sapphire, star sapphire; peridot; chrysolite; beryl}}.
	{{has_subtype(garnet): andradite, almandite, grossularite, spessartite, uvarovite}}.
	{{has_subtype(chalcedony)}} sardonyx; sard, sardine; plasma; onyx; bloodstone, heliotrope; agate.

P2.3.1.1.5  Natural Liquids  R337 to R340
<--			337.	Water				338.	Air
			339.	Moisture				340.	Dryness
[[water]]  -->
P2.3.1.1.5.1  Water (R337)
	#337. Water.
	N. {{has_subtype(liquid, @P2.3) water.
	{{has_subtype(solvent)}} diluent; agua[Sp], aqua pani[obs3].
	{{major_component_of}} {{has_part(body): serum, serosity[obs3]; lymph; rheum; sweat}}.
	{{used_in}} wetting, moistening, madefaction[obs3], humectation[obs3].
	{{used_in}} washing; diluting.
	{{major_component_of}} dilution, maceration, lotion.
	{{has_subtype(wetting}} immersion, immersing, soaking.
	{{has_subtype(wetting}}  infiltration, spargefaction[obs1], affusion[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(wetting}}  irrigating, irrigation, douche.
	{{has_subtype(washing}} bath, shower, bathing, showering, balneation[obs3].
	{{constitutes: deluge &c. (water in motion) 348; high water, flood tide}}.
	{{main_component_of: fog, mist, cloud}}.
	{{has_subtype(gas)}} steam; water vapor.
	{{has_subtype(solid)}} ice; frost, rime; icicle.
	{{has_subtype(solid): @P2.7.2.1.3,  hail; snow}}.
	{{has_subtype(semisolid)}} @P2.7.2.1.3,  sleet; slush.
	V. be watery &c. adj.; reek.
	water, wet.
	add water, dilute, water down, thin.
	{{has_subtype(wet)}} dip, immerse; merge, immerge, submerge; plunge, souse, duck, drown; sprinkle.
	{{has_subtype(wet)}} soak, steep, macerate, pickle.
	{{has_subtype(wet)}} {{has_subtype(clean)}} wash, lave, bathe, affuse[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(bathe)}} {{has_activity(mouth)}} gargle.
	splash, swash, douse, drench; dabble, slop, slobber, irrigate, inundate, deluge.
	{{used_in(syringe, @P2.3.1.3.21)}} syringe; inject.
	{{similar_to(wet): moisten &c. 339}}.
	Adj. watery, aqueous, aquatic.
	hydrated, hydrous; lymphatic; bathing, bath, balneal[obs3].
	diluting, diluent; drenching, splashing, dousing.
	dilute, diluted, thin, watered down, watered, watery, weak.
	{{has_result(wetting): wet &c. (moist) 339}}.
	Phr. the waters are out.

<-- [[air]]  -->
P2.3.1.1.5.2  Air  (R338)
	#338. Air. -- N. {{has_subtype(gas, R334)}} air, common air, atmospheric air.
	open air.
	{{constitutes}} sky, welkin; blue sky.
	{{constitutes}} {{property_of(motion): wind, P2.7.2.1.4}}.
	{{location_of: cloud &c. R353}}.
	{{constitutes}} atmosphere, aerosphere[obs3].
	{{location_of(atmosphere, P2.7.2.1): weather, climate, rise and fall of the barometer}}.
	{{has_property}} {{has_subtype(pressure): @P2.7.2.1.5, air pressure, barometric pressure}}.
	{{studied_in}}  aerology, aerometry[obs3], aeroscopy[obs3], aeroscopy[obs3], aerography[obs3].
	barometer, eudioscope[obs3], baroscope[obs3], aeroscope[obs3], eudiometer[obs3], aerometer[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(barometer)}} aneroid, baroscope[obs3]; weather gauge, weather glass, weather cock.
	{{factor_in}} exposure to the air, exposure to the weather; weathering.
	{{used_in}} ventilation.
	{{constitutes: wind, P2.7.2.1.4}}.
	{{has_activity(atmosphere): @R267a, aeronautics, flight, flying}}.
	{{has_part(atmosphere)}} {{has_subtype(region)}} {{has_subtype(layer)}} troposphere, lower atmosphere; stratosphere, upper atmosphere; ionosphere; photosphere, chemosphere; tropopause, sustratosphere; Van Allen belt.
	{{has_subtype(liquid)}} {{property_of(coldness)}} liquid air.
	{{has_subtype(compressed gas)}} compressed air.
	{{has_component: nitrogen[79] + oxygen[20] + argon[1] + carbon dioxide 
+ water vapor}}.
	V. air, ventilate, fan &c. (wind) 349.
	Adj. air, aerial.
	containing air, flatulent, effervescent.
	atmospheric, airy; aerial, aeriform[obs3].
	ionospheric; stratospheric; tropospheric.
	windy &c. 349.
	Adv. in the open air, a la belle etoile[Fr], al fresco; sub jove dio[Lat].

<-- note the two definitions of sweating here -->
P2.3.1.1.5.3  Moisture  (R339)
	#339. Moisture.
	N. {{constitutes(water, R337)}} {{antonym_of(dryness, P2.3.1.1.5.4)}} moisture; moistness, dampness, wetness.
	{{of(atmosphere, @R338): @P2.7.2.1.6, humidity]}.
	{[in_frame(weather, P2.7.2.1): precipitation]}.
	{{has_subtype(precipitation): madefaction[obs1], dew}}.
	{{property_of: marsh &c. 345}}.
	{{measured_by(humidity): hygrometry; hygrometer}}.
	{{consseptual_part_of)}} moistening.
	{{has_subtype(moistening)}} {{required_for(humidity)}} {{has_property(cold object)}} sweating.
	{{has_subtype(moistening)}} {{required_for(heat)}} {{has_property(animal)}} sweating.
	V.  be moist, be wet, be damp; not have a dry thread.
	become moist.
	[transitive] moisten, wet, dampen, damp[obs3], humect[obs3], humectate[obs3].
	[transitive] sponge, bedew; imbue, imbrue, infiltrate, saturate; soak, drench.
	{{has_subtype(become moist): perspire, sweat &c. (exude) 295}}.
	{{has_subtype(become moist)}} {{required_for(humidity)}} {{has_action(cold object)}} sweat.
	Adj. moist, damp, wet.
	watery &c. 337; madid[obs3], roric[obs3]; undried[obs3].
	{of(atmosphere, @R338)]} humid, sultry, dank, luggy[obs3].
	dewy; roral[obs1], rorid[obs1]; roscid[obs3].
	{[of(solid)]} juicy.
	wringing wet, soaking wet; wet through to the skin; saturated.
	soggy, dabbled, swashy[obs3]; reeking, dripping, soaking, soft, sodden, sloppy.
	{[of(soil)]} muddy.
	{[of(land): swampy &c. (marshy) 345]}.
	{[of(pavement)]} slick.
<--  	irriguous[obs3].   -->

P2.3.1.1.5.4  Dryness
	#340. Dryness. -- N. {{antonym_of(moisture, P2.3.1.1.5.3)}} dryness, siccity[obs3].
	aridity.
	{[of(weather)]} drought.
	{[of(shoreline)]} ebb tide, low water.
	{{caused_by}} drying, desiccation, exsiccation[obs1], arefaction[obs1]; evaporation.
	{[of(solution)]} concentration, dephlegmation[obs1].
	{[of(land)]} {{has_low_intensity(aridity)}} semiaridity.
	{{caused_by}} draining, drainage.
	{{function_of(drying)}} drier.
	{{has_subtype(drier)}}  dessicator; hair drier; clothes drier; drying oven.
	{{has_subtype(drying oven)}} kiln; vacuum oven.
	{{has_subtype(clothes drier)}} gas drier, electric drier.
	{{function_of(drying)}} clothesline.
	{{function_of}} {{{has_subtype(chemical compound)}} {{needs(dessicator)}} desiccative, dessicator.
	{{property_of: desert, @P2.3.1.1.6.2.2}}.
	V. be dry, be arid.
	[transitive] render dry, render arid; dry.
	[intransitive] become dry, dry up, dry out.
	{[with_subject(liquid)]} evaporate.
	{[with_object(liquid)]} soak up.
	{{has_subtype(render dry)}} sponge, swab, wipe; drain.
	{{has_subtype(render dry)}} desiccate, dehydrate, exsiccate[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(render dry)}} parch.
	{{has_subtype(render dry)}} {{required_for(vacuum)}} freeze-dry, lyophilize.
	{{has_subtype(render dry)}} kiln dry; vacuum dry, blow dry, oven dry; hang out to dry.
	{{has_subtype(render dry)}} {[of(corpse)]} mummify.
	be fine, hold up.
	Adj. dry.
	anhydrous; arid, adust[obs3], arescent[obs1].
	dried.
	undamped, unwetted.
	juiceless[obs3], sapless; sear; husky.
	{[in_frame(weather)]} rainless, without rain, fine.
	dry as a bone, dry as dust, dry as a stick, dry as a mummy, dry as a biscuit.
	water proof, water tight.
	{{has_subtype(dried)}} dehydrated, dessicated; lyophilized.
	{[of(land)]} {{has_low_intensity(arid)}} semiarid.

P2.3.1.1.6   Geological Formation (symb. POGEOL)
	N.  geological formation.

P2.3.1.1.6.1  Body of Water  R341, R343, R345, R347, R348
	N. body of water, waterway.

P2.3.1.1.6.1.1  Stationary Water R341, R343, R345
<--  			341.	Ocean				
				343.  Gulf
					 Lake		
				345.	Marsh		  -->
	N.  stationary water, still water.

P2.3.1.1.6.1.1.1  Ocean  (r341)    [[ocean]]
	#341. Ocean -- N. sea, ocean, high seas, main, deep; great waters, watery waste, "vasty deep".
	{{consists_of}} brine, salt water.
	{{has_part}} offing.
	{{has_part}} wave, billow, sea.
	{{has_part: wave, tide, &c. (water in motion) 348}}.
	{{studied_in}} hydrography, marine science.
	{{has_job(hydrography): hydrographer, @P2.3.2.3.2.3.9.1}}.
	{{has_part}} {{property_of(deep)}} trench, abyss, ocean trench.
	{{location_of}} {{property_of(deep)}} ocean floor.
	{{adjacent_to: shore, @P2.3.1.1.6.2.1}}.
	{{location_of}} {{has_part(continent, @P2.3.1.1.6.2.1)}} {{property_of(shallow)}} continental slope, continental shelf.
	{{location_of(ocean floor)}} {{has_subtype(jet, @P2.3.1.1.6.1.2.2)}} {{property_of(hot): thermal vent, @P2.3.1.1.6.1.2.2}}.
	{{has_instance(ocean)}} Atlantic Ocean; Pacific Ocean; Indian Ocean; Arctic Ocean.
	{{has_instance(sea)}} Mediterranean Sea; South China Sea; North Sea; Sea of Japan; Sea of Okhotsk; Caribbean Sea; Red Sea; Bering Sea; East China Sea; Baltic Sea; Yellow Sea; Black Sea.
	{{has_instance(trench)}} {{location_of(Pacific Ocean}} Mariana Trench; TongaTrench; Phillipine Trench; Kermadec Trench; Kuril Trench; Izu Trench; New Britain Trench; Yap Trench; Japan Trench; Peru-Chile Trench; Palau Trench; Aleutian Trench; New Hebrides Trench; North Ryokyu Trench; Mid America Trench.
	{{has_instance(trench)}} {{location_of(Atlantic Ocean}} Puerto Rico Trench; South Sandwich Trench; Romanche Gap; Cayman Trench; Brazil Basin.
	{{location_of}} sea dweller.
	{{has_subtype(sea dweller)}} {{property_of(mythical)}} Neptune, Poseidon; Thetis, Triton; Naiad, Nereid; sea nymph, Siren; mermaid.
	{{has_metaphor(Neptune)}} trident, dolphin.
	Adj. oceanic, marine, maritime; pelagic, pelagian.
	{[of(vehicle)}} seagoing.
	hydrographic; bathybic[obs3], cotidal[obs3].
	Adv. at sea, on sea; afloat.

P2.3.1.1.6.1.1.2  Gulf, Inlet   (R343) 
	#343. Gulf. Inlet. -- N.
	{{has_part(ocean)}} {{location_of(coast, @P2.3.1.1.6.2.1)}} {{property_of(embracement, @R229, @P1.2.2.3.1.6)}} gulf, gulph[obs3]; bay, embayment, bight, land covered with water, arm of the sea, armlet.
	cove; natural harbor; roads.
	{{has_subtype(interval, R198, P1.2.2.1.1.5)}} inlet, firth, fiord, fjord, estuary, frith[obs3].
	{{has_part(river)}} mouth, indraught[obs3].
	creek, gut, crick[coll], bayou [U.S.], belt[obs2], kyles[obs3].
	{{has_instance(gulf)}} Gulf of Mexico; Persian Gulf; Hudson Bay; Gulf of California.

P2.3.1.1.6.1.1.3  Lake  (R343a)  
	#343a.  Lake  -- N.
	{{property_of(natural)}} lake, loch, lough[obs3], mere, tarn, plash, broad, pond, pool, lin[obs3], puddle, slab; standing water, dead water, sheet of water; lagune[obs3], lagoon.
	{{has_subtype(store, R636)}} reservoir; pond, mill pond, fish pond.
	alberca[obs3], barachois[obs3], hog wallow [U.S.].
	{{property_of(largeness)}} sea.
	ditch, dike, dyke, dam.
	well, artesian well.
	swimming hole.
	Adj. lacustrine.

P2.3.1.1.6.1.1.4  Strait
	#342b.  Strait.
	N. {{has_subtype(interval, R198, P1.2.2.1.1.5)}} strait, narrows, channel.
	Euripus[obs2]; sound, inland sea.

P2.3.1.1.6.1.2  Water In  Motion...R347, R348  [[River]]
<--  		R347.    Stream   moved to physical objects, P2.3
			348.	River
-->
   rain moved to weather.  Needs cross reference -->
	N.  moving water, running water, flow.
	flowing.
	{{measured_by: rain gauge; flowmeter}}.
	{{has_high_intensity}} {{property_of(excess)}} overflow.
	{{has_subtype(overflow)}} {{function_of(cleanse)}} flush, rinse, swash.

P2.3.1.1.6.1.2.1  River  (R348)
	#348.  River.
	N. {{has_subtype(stream, @P2.3)}} {{has_subtype(effluence, R295)}} river, stream, watercourse.
	course, flux, profluence[obs3]; defluxion[obs3].
	spring.
	{{location_of}} {{component_of(ice)}}  debacle.
	{{location_of}} {{has_subtype(overflow, P2.3.1.1.6.1.2)}} flood, freshet, fresh, inundation, deluge, cataclysm.
	{{&causes(flood)}}  washout.
	{{has_subtype(river)}} {{property_of(narrow)}} rill, rivulet, gill, gullet, rillet[obs3]; streamlet, brooklet; race, coulee; branch [U.S.]; stream, creek, brook, bayou, runnel, sike[obs3], burn, beck; reach, tributary.
	{{location_of(woods)}} glen, ghyll[obs3].
	indraught[obs3], reflux, undercurrent, eddy, vortex, gurge[obs3], whirlpool, Maelstrom, regurgitation, overflow; confluence, corrivation[obs1].
	[Science of fluids in motion] hydrodynamics; hydraulics, hydraulicostatics[obs3]; pegology[obs3].
	{{needed_for: irrigation, R337}}.
	V. flow, run.
	meander; drop, drip, dribble, plash, spirtle[obs3], trill, trickle, distill, percolate; stream, overflow, inundate, deluge, flow over, splash, swash; guggle[obs3], murmur, babble, bubble, purl, gurgle, sputter, spurt, spray, regurgitate; ooze, flow out &c. (egress) 295.
	rain hard, rain in torrents, rain cats and dogs, rain pitchforks; pour with rain, drizzle, spit, set in; mizzle[obs3].
	flow into, fall into, open into, drain into; discharge itself, disembogue[obs3].
	[Cause a flow] pour; pour out &c. (discharge) 297; shower down, irrigate, drench &c. (wet) 337; spill, splash.
	[Stop a flow] stanch; dam, up &c. (close) 261; obstruct &c. 706.
	{{similar_to}} {{has_subtype(conduit)}} {{property_of(open): aquaduct; sluice; chute; canal}}.
	Adj. fluent; diffluent[obs3], profluent[obs3], affluent; tidal; flowing &c. v.; meandering, meandry[obs3], meandrous[obs3]; fluvial, fluviatile; streamy[obs3], showery,rainy, pluvial, stillicidous á[obs3]; stillatitious[obs3].
	Phr. "for men may come and men may go but I go on forever" [Tennyson]; "that old man river, he just keeps rolling along" [Showboat].

P2.3.1.1.6.1.2.2  Jet
	N. {{has_subtype(stream)}} jet, spout, spurt, waterjet, spirt[obs3], squirt, waterspout, jet d'eau[Fr].
	spray, splash, rush, gush.
	{{has_subtype}} artesian well; fount, fountain.
	{{has_subtype(fountain)}} drinking fountain.
	{{property_of(hot)}} geyser.
	V. jet, spray, spurt.
	gush, pour, spout, jet, issue.
	{{function_of(spray): hose; pump; watering pot, watering cart; hydrant, syringe; sprinkler}}.
	{{has_subtype(hose): fire hose; garden hose}}.
	{{has_subtype(sprinkler)}} lawn spray.
	{{location_of(ocean floor)}} {{has_subtype(jet)}} {{property_of(hot)}} thermal vent.
	{{has_subtype(thermal vent)}} black spouter.
<--   bhisti[obs3] , mussuk[obs3]??. (Can't find definition!) -->

P2.3.1.1.6.1.2.3  Cascade
	{{property_of(speed, rapidity)}} waterfall, cascade, lin[obs3], linn[obs3].
	cataract, rapids, white water, torrent.
catadupe[obs1].
	{{has_instance}} {{has_metaphor(waterfall)}} Niagara.
<--  force, foss[obs3]??.   -->

P2.3.1.1.6.1.2.4  Tide
	current, tide.
	{{has_subtype(tide)}} {{location_of(ocean)}} ocean tide, tide.
	{{has_subtype(ocean tide)}} {{property_of(highness, R206a)}} high tide, high water, flood tide, full tide.
	{{has_subtype(tide)}} {{location_of(river)}} bore, tidal bore, river bore, eagre[obs3], hygre[obs1].
	{{has_subtype(ocean tide)}} {{property_of(lowness, R207)}} low tide, low water, ebb tide, neap tide.
	{{has_high_intensity(high tide/low tide)}} spring tide.
	current, ocean current; upwelling.
	{{has_subtype(upwelling)}} el nino[Sp].
	{{has_instance(ocean current)}}  Gulf Stream.

P2.3.1.1.6.1.2.5  Wave
	N. wave, billow, surge, swell, <gr/anerythmon gelasma/gr>.
	{{has_property(small)}} ripple;  short sea.
	riffle [U.S.], rollers, ground swell.
	{{location_of(shoreline)}} surf, breakers.
	white horses, whitecaps.
	{{has_large_quantity}} {{property_of(large)}} rough sea, heavy sea, high seas, cross sea, long sea, chopping sea.
	beach comber.
	V. swell, billow, roll, well, well up

P2.3.1.1.6.2  Land Formations  (R342, R344, R346)  [[land]]
<--  			346.	Island
		  		344.	Plain
				342.	Land  -->
	N. land formation, land.

P2.3.1.1.6.2.1  Land generally (R342)
	#342. Land.
	N.  {{has_subtype(surface)}} land, earth, ground, dry land, terra firma.
	{{has_subtype: real estate &c. (property) 780.}}
	continent, mainland.
	{{property_of(embracement)}} peninsula, tongue of land, chersonese[obs3].
	delta.
	neck of land, isthmus.
	oasis.
	{{adjacent_to(ocean)}} coast, shore, seaboard, seacoast.
	{{has_subtype(coast)}} scar, strand, beach; seaside, seabank[obs3], seabeach[obs3]; ironbound coast; loom of the land.
	{{has_part(desert)}} playa.
	{{has_subtype(coast)}} land left dry by the sea, derelict.
	{{has_subtype(coast)}} land recovered from the sea, innings.
	{{adjacent_to(river)}} bank, lea, riverbank, river bank, levee.
	{{location_of(river)}} river bed.
	{{has_subtype(river bank)}} alluvium, alluvion[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(river bed)}} dry river bed, arroyo, wadi.
	{{has_part}} {{has_subtype(natural solids,P2.3.1.1.4): soil, glebe, clay, loam, marl, cledge[obs3], chalk; gravel, mold, subsoil}}.
	clod, clot.
	{{property_of(high)}} {{constitutes(stone, @P2.3.1.1.4)}} crag.
	landslide.
	{{property_of(lowness, R207)}} molehill; lowlands; depression; swale.
	{{constitutes(ice)}} glacier.
	{{property_of(convexity, R250, P1.2.4.3.1.1}}   jetty, spur, breakwater, mull, mole.
	{{property_of(highness, R206a, @P1.2.2.2.1.2)}}  dizzy height, dizzying height; uplands, highlands.
	{{property_of(convexity, R250, P1.2.4.3.1.1}} cape, point of land; headland, promontory, foreland[obs3].
	{{property_of(highness, R206a, @P1.2.2.2.1.2)}} {{property_of(convexity, R250, P1.2.4.3.1.1}} {{constitutes(rock, @P2.3.1.1.4)}} mountain, mount, peak, Alp, pike; heights; ridge, hog's back, dune; rising ground, vantage ground; down.
	{{has_part(mountain)}} crag.
	{{property_of(highness, R206a, @P1.2.2.2.1.2)}} {{property_of(convexity, R250, P1.2.4.3.1.1)}}  hill, alto, butte [U.S.], monticle[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(hill)}} {{property_of(smallness)}} knoll, hummock, hillock, barrow, mound, knob, loma[obs3], pena [U.S.], picacho[obs3], tump[obs3], knap[obs3].
	{{property_of(highness, R206a, @P1.2.2.2.1.2)}} {{location_of(edge, R231)}} steeps, bluff, cliff, hillside, craig[obs3], tor[obs3], clough[obs3]; escarpment, edge, ledge.
	{{has_subtype(hillside)}} {{location_of(river bank)}} brae.
	{{has_property(wet): @R345, @P2.3.1.1.6.2.5, wetland, marsh, moor, moorland}}.
	{{has_subtype(moor)}} high moor, fell.
	{{has_part(mountain)}} {{property_of(highness, R206a, @P1.2.2.2.1.2): summit, R210}}.
	{{has_measure}} acres; hectares; square miles; square kilometers.
	V. {{has_subtype(arrive)}} land, come to land, set foot on the soil, set foot on dry land; come ashore, go ashore, debark.
	Adj. terrestrial, earthy.
	continental, midland, mid-continent.
	coastal, littoral, riparian.
	alluvial.
	terrene &c. (world) 318.
	landed, predial[obs3], territorial, geophilous[obs3].
	Adv. ashore; on shore, on land.
<--   ripicolous?? ; ancon?? -->

P2.3.1.1.6.2.2  Plain R344  [[plain]]
	#344. Plain. -- N.  {{property_of(flat)}} plain, table-land, face of the country.
	open country, wide open spaces, champaign country[obs3]; basin, downs.
	prairie, grassland, common, wold[obs3], veldt; shaking prairie, trembling prairie.
	field, vega[Sp].
	wasteland, waste, weary waste, wild, bush.
	heath.
	campagna[obs3], campagna di Roma[It].
	{{property_of(treeless)}} steppe.
	{{property_of(cold)}} tundra.
	{{property_of(horizontality, R213)}} {{property_of(highness, R206a,
 @P1.2.2.2.1.2)}} plateau, ledge; butte; mesa.
	{{property_of(aridity, @R340)}} desert.
	{{&has_part(desert)}} {{property_of(ocassionally wet)}} playa.
	{{&has_part(desert)}} alkali flat, llano.
	{{has_subtype(grassland)}} {{location_of(South America)}} pampas, pampa.
	{{has_subtype(grassland)}} {{property_of(semiarid, @R340)}} savanna, savannah.
	meadow, mead, haugh[obs3].
	pasturage, grazing land, lea, ley, lay.
	{{property_of(cultivated)}} park; field; lawn, green, plat, plot, grassplat[obs3], greensward, sward, turf, sod.
	{{adjacent_to(structure)}} grounds.
<--   maidan[obs3], agostadero[obs3]. ?? ; mesilla [obs3][U.S.]??
 champaign[obs3], ; campestral[obs3], campestrial[obs3], campestrian[obs3], campestrine[obs3] -->
	Adj. alluvial.

P2.3.1.1.6.2.3  Island  (R346)  
	#346. Island. -- N. island, isle, eyot[obs3], ait[obs3], holf[obs3].
	{{property_of(small)}} islet.
	{{property_of(low)}} reef, atoll, breaker.
	{{member_of}} archipelago.
	{{location_of: islander, @P2.3.2.3.2.5.59}}.
	Adj. insular, seagirt; archipelagic[obs3].

P2.3.1.1.6.2.4  Valley
	N. {{has_subtype(hole)}} {{has_subtype(interval, R198, P1.2.2.1.1.5)}} valley.
	{{property_of(deep)}} {{property_of(wide)}} canyon, canon.
	{{property_of(narrow)}} gorge; defile.
	ravine, crevasse.
	abyss, abysm, yawning gulf.
	{{location_of(mountain chain)}} pass, gap, notch, passage.
	{{property_of(shallow)}} gully, gulch, arroyo, wadi.
	{{similar_to(gully)}} {{property_of(narrow/shallow): furrow &c. 259}}.
<--   abra[obs3]; barranca[obs3], barranco[obs3]; clove [U.S.]; hiatus maxime[Lat], hiatus valde deflendus[Lat].
	parenthesis &c. (interjacence) 228[obs3].  -->

P2.3.1.1.6.2.5  Marsh (R345)
	#345. Marsh.
	N. {{has_property(wet)}} marsh, swamp, wetland, morass, marish[obs3].
	{{has_property(flat)}} fen, bog, peat bog, moss, moor, moorland.
	quagmire, mire, slough, sump, wash.
	{{adjacent_to(ocean)}} salt marsh.
	mud, squash, ooze, slush; baygall [obs3][U.S.], cienaga[obs3], jhil[obs3], vlei[obs3].
	Adj. marsh, marshy; swampy, boggy, plashy[obs3], poachy[obs3], quaggy[obs3], soft.
	muddy, sloppy, squashy; paludal[obs3].
	moorish, moory; fenny.

<--   P2.3.1.1.6.3   Air (r349)  moved to  P2.7.2.1.4  Wind at weather 
 -->
<--  move 350, 351 to artifacts  --
		350.	Conduit				351.	Air pipe  -->

P2.3.1.1.6.4  Geographical divisions     [[geography]]
	N.  geographical division.
	{{has_subtype: continent, @P2.3.1.1.6.2.1}}.
	{{has_subtype: ocean, P2.3.1.1.6.1.1.1}}.
	{{has_instance(continent, @P2.3.1.1.6.2.1)}} Asia; Europe; Africa; North America; South America; Australia; Antarctica.

P2.3.1.1.6.4.1  Country, State.
	N. state, country, nation, land; nation-state.
	commonwealth.
	democracy; republic; dictatorship.
	{{has_subtype(dictatorship)}} military dictatorship.
	kingdom, realm, empire.
	principality;  protectorate, sphere of influence.
	territory.
	city-state.
	{{has_property(large)}} world power, major power.
	{{has_property(militarily powerful)}} super power.
	{{has_subtype: ally; enemy}}.
	{{member_of}} international organization; alliance.
	{{has_instance(international organization)}} United Nations.
	{{has_instance(nation)}} Afghanistan; Albania; Algeria; American Samoa; Andorra; Angola; Anguilla; Antarctica; Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Armenia; Aruba; Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahamas; The; Bahrain; Baker Island; Bangladesh; Barbados; Bassas da India; Belarus; Belgium; Belize; Benin; Bermuda; Bhutan; Bolivia; Bosnia-Herzogovina; Botswana; Bouvet Island; Brazil; British Indian Ocean Territory; British Virgin Islands; Brunei; Bulgaria; Burkina; Burma; Burundi; Cambodia; Cameroon; Canada; Cape Verde; Cayman Islands; Central African Republic; Chad; Chile; China (also see separate Taiwan entry); Christmas Island; Clipperton Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Colombia; Comoros; Congo; Cook Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Costa Rica; Croatia; Cuba; Cyprus; Czechoslovakia; Denmark; Djibouti; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; Equatorial Guinea; Estonia; Ethiopia; Europa Island; Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas); Faroe Islands; Fiji; Finland; France; French Guiana; French Polynesia; French Southern and Antarctic Lands; Gabon; Gambia; The; Gaza Strip; Georgia; Germany; Ghana; Gibraltar; Glorioso Islands; Greece; Greenland; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Guam; Guatemala; Guernsey; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Guyana; Haiti; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; Honduras; Hong Kong; Howland Island; Hungary; Iceland; India; Indonesia; Iran; Iraq; Iraq-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone; Ireland; Israel (also see separate Gaza Strip and West Bank entries); Italy; Ivory Coast; Jamaica; Jan Mayen; Japan; Jarvis Island; Jersey; Johnston Atoll; Jordan (also see separate West Bank entry); Juan de Nova Island; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Kingman Reef; Kirgizstan; Kiribati; Korea; North; Korea; South; Kuwait; Laos; Latvia; Lebanon; Lesotho; Liberia; Libya; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Macedonia; Macau; Madagascar; Malawi; Malaysia; Maldives; Mali; Malta; Man; Isle of; Marshall Islands; Martinique; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mayotte; Mexico; Micronesia; Federated States of; Midway Islands; Moldova; Monaco; Mongolia; Montserrat; Morocco; Mozambique; Namibia; Nauru; Navassa Island; Nepal; Netherlands; Netherlands Antilles; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Niger; Nigeria; Niue; Norfolk Island; Northern Mariana Islands; Norway; Oman; Pacific Islands; Trust Territory of the Pacific Ocean  (Palau); Pakistan; Palmyra Atoll; Panama; Papua New Guinea; Paracel Islands; Paraguay; Peru; Philippines; Pitcairn Islands; Poland; Portugal; Puerto Rico; Qatar; Reunion; Romania; Russia; Rwanda; Saint Helena; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; San Marino; Sao Tome and Principe; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Singapore; Slovenia; Solomon Islands; Somalia; South Africa; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Soviet Union; Spain; Spratly Islands; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Suriname; Svalbard; Swaziland; Sweden; Switzerland; Syria; Taiwan; Tajikistan; Tanzania; Thailand; Togo; Tokelau; Tonga; Trinidad and Tobago; Tromelin Island; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Turks and Caicos Islands; Tuvalu; Uganda; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; United States; Uruguay; Vanuatu; Vatican City; Venezuela; Vietnam; Virgin Islands; Wake Island; Wallis and Futuna; West Bank; Western Sahara; Western Samoa; World; Yemen; Yugoslavia; Zaire; Zambia; Zimbabwe.

	Adj. national.
	{{has_subtype(relation)}} international.

P2.3.1.2  Processed Natural Materials (Sym: POE, POM, POP)  [[POM]]
<--			e.g. elements, oils, alloys, lumber, fuel, animal parts
	(excludes food and medicine, which are under P2.3.1.3, artifacts)
	This entry will include materials not detailed under a separate heading, with references to separately listed materials.  Note that natural fiber has a main entry under artifacts.
-->
	{{&consists_of(artifact)}} {{similar_to: artifactual material, P2.3.1.3.1.2}}  natural material, processed natural material.
	{{has_subtype: element, P2.3.1.2.2}}.
	oil, petroleum.
	{{processed_into(oil)}} solvent.
	{{processed_into(oil): fuel; chemical compound; wax}} 
	{{processed_into(tree): @P2.3.1.2.4.7, lumber, wood, timber}}.
	{{has_subtype(mixture)}} {{has_subtype(metal)}} alloy.
	{{function_of(combustion)}} fuel.
	animal part.
	{{has_subtype: natural fiber, @P2.3.1.3.1.2.6}}.
	{{constitutes(fiber)}} {{has_subtype(weave, @P1.2.2.2.2.9): @P2.3.1.3.1.2.6,  cloth, fabric}}.
	{{property_of(elasticity, R325)}} natural rubber.
	{{has_subtype(natural rubber)}} India rubber, Indian rubber, latex, caoutchouc, gum elastic.
	sand.
	{{has_subtype(animal part)}} baleen; whale bone.

P2.3.1.2.1  Processed natural materials generally

P2.3.1.2.2  Elements
<-- 			elements	(symb:POE)   -->
{{ISA: Element}}   
   <-- arranged according to atomic number, classify as subdivisions of P2.3.1.2.2, e.g. hydrogen is P2.3.1.2.2.1 and carbon is P2.3.1.2.2.12;
 in brackets are symbol and atomic mass (average value of natural isotopes, used in standard chemistry, not mass spectrometery, as of 1954) -->
P2.3.1.2.2.1. hydrogen[1.008][H].
P2.3.1.2.2.2. helium[4.003][He].
P2.3.1.2.2.3. lithium[Li][6.940].
P2.3.1.2.2.4. beryllium, glucinum [Be][9.013].
P2.3.1.2.2.5. boron[B][10.82].
P2.3.1.2.2.6. carbon[C][12.011].
P2.3.1.2.2.7. nitrogen[N][14.008].
P2.3.1.2.2.8. oxygen[O][16.000].
P2.3.1.2.2.9. fluorine[F][19.00].
P2.3.1.2.2.10 neon[Ne][20.183].
P2.3.1.2.2.11. sodium, natrium[Na][22.911].
P2.3.1.2.2.12. magnesium[Mg][24.32].
P2.3.1.2.2.13. aluminum[Al][26.98].
P2.3.1.2.2.14. silicon[Si][28.09].
P2.3.1.2.2.15. phosphorus[P][30.975].
P2.3.1.2.2.16. sulfur[S][32.066].
P2.3.1.2.2.17. chlorine[Cl][35.457].
P2.3.1.2.2.18. argon[A][39.944].
P2.3.1.2.2.19. potassium, kalium [K][39.100].
P2.3.1.2.2.20. calcium[ca][40.08].
P2.3.1.2.2.21. selenium[Se][78.96].
P2.3.1.2.2.22. titanium[Ti][47.90].
P2.3.1.2.2.23. vanadium[V][50.95].
P2.3.1.2.2.24. chromium[Cr][52.01].
P2.3.1.2.2.25. manganese[Mn][54.94].
P2.3.1.2.2.26. iron, ferrum[Fe][55.85].
	Adj. ferrous; ferric.
P2.3.1.2.2.27. cobalt[Co][58.94].
P2.3.1.2.2.28. nickel[Ni][58.69].
P2.3.1.2.2.29. copper, cuprum[Lat][Cu][63.54].
P2.3.1.2.2.30. zinc[Zn][65.38].
P2.3.1.2.2.31. gallium[Ga][69.72].
P2.3.1.2.2.32. germanium[Ge][72.60].
P2.3.1.2.2.33. arsenic[As][74.91].
P2.3.1.2.2.34. selenium[Se][78.96].
P2.3.1.2.2.35. bromine[Br][79.916].
P2.3.1.2.2.36. krypton[Kr][83.8].
P2.3.1.2.2.37. rubidium[Rb][85.48].
P2.3.1.2.2.38. strontium[Sr][87.63].
P2.3.1.2.2.39. yttrium[Y][88.92].
P2.3.1.2.2.40. zirconium[Zr][91.22].
P2.3.1.2.2.41. niobium[Nb][92.91].
P2.3.1.2.2.42. molybenum[Mo][95.95].
P2.3.1.2.2.43. technetium[Tc][99].
P2.3.1.2.2.44. ruthenium[Ru][101.1].
P2.3.1.2.2.45. rhodium[Rh][102.91].
P2.3.1.2.2.46. palladium[Pd][106.7].
P2.3.1.2.2.47. silver, argentum[Lat],argent[obs3],[Ag][107.880].
<--   [ref: the color silver: argent( in heraldry)].  -->
P2.3.1.2.2.48. cadmium[Cd][112.41].
P2.3.1.2.2.49. indium[In][114.76].
P2.3.1.2.2.50. tin, stannum[Sn][118.70].
P2.3.1.2.2.51. antimony, stibium[Sb][121.76].
P2.3.1.2.2.52. tellurium[Te][127.61].
P2.3.1.2.2.53. iodine[I][126.91].
P2.3.1.2.2.54. xenon[Xe][131.3].
P2.3.1.2.2.55. cesium[Cs][132.91].
P2.3.1.2.2.56. barium[Ba][137.36].
P2.3.1.2.2.57. lanthanum[La][138.92].
P2.3.1.2.2.58. cerium[Ce][140.13].
P2.3.1.2.2.59. praseodymium[Pr][140.92].
P2.3.1.2.2.60. neodymium[Nd][144.27].
P2.3.1.2.2.61. promethium[Pm][145].
P2.3.1.2.2.62. samarium[Sm][Sa][150.43].
P2.3.1.2.2.63. europium[Eu][152.0].
P2.3.1.2.2.64. gadolinium[Gd][156.9].
P2.3.1.2.2.65. terbium[Tb][158.93].
P2.3.1.2.2.66. dysprosium[Dy][162.46].
P2.3.1.2.2.67. holmium[Ho][164.94].
P2.3.1.2.2.68. erbium[Er][167.2].
P2.3.1.2.2.69. thulium[Tm][168.94].
P2.3.1.2.2.70. ytterbium[Yb][173.04].
P2.3.1.2.2.71. lutetium[Lu][174.99].
P2.3.1.2.2.72. hafnium, celtium[Hf][178.6].
P2.3.1.2.2.73. tantalum[Ta][180.95].
P2.3.1.2.2.74. tungsten, wolfram[W][183.92].
P2.3.1.2.2.75. rhenium[Re][186.31].
P2.3.1.2.2.76. osmium[Os][190.2].
	{{is_a: platinum group metal}}.
P2.3.1.2.2.77. iridium[Ir][192.2].
	{{is_a: platinum group metal}}.
P2.3.1.2.2.78. platinum[Pt][195.23].
	{{is_a: platinum group metal}}.
P2.3.1.2.2.79. gold, aurum[Au][197.0].
P2.3.1.2.2.80. mercury, hydrargyrum[Lat], quicksilver[Hg][200.61].
P2.3.1.2.2.81. thallium[Tl][204.39].
P2.3.1.2.2.82. lead, plumbum[Pb][207.21].
P2.3.1.2.2.83. bismuth[Bi][209.00].
P2.3.1.2.2.84. polonium[Po][210].
P2.3.1.2.2.85. astatine[At][210].
P2.3.1.2.2.86. radon, niton[Rn][222].
P2.3.1.2.2.87. francium[Fr][223].
P2.3.1.2.2.88. radium[Ra][226.05].
P2.3.1.2.2.89. actinium[Ac][227].
P2.3.1.2.2.90. thorium[Th][232.05].
P2.3.1.2.2.91. protoactinium[Pa][231].
P2.3.1.2.2.92. uranium[U][238.07].
P2.3.1.2.2.93. neptunium[Np][237].
P2.3.1.2.2.94. plutonium[Pu][242].
P2.3.1.2.2.95. americium[Am][243].
P2.3.1.2.2.96. curiu[Cm][245].  

P2.3.1.2.3  Alloys {{has_subtype(mixture,R41)}}{{has_subtype(metal)}}
<-- part of R41, Mixture  -->
	Alloy  -- N. [Compound resulting from mixture: ref mixture A3.3] alloy.
	amalgam.
	{{similar_to: mixture, P2.3.1.2.5}}.
	{{has_subtype}} steel; brass; bronze; pewter; nichrome; type metal, wood's metal; sterling silver, 925 silver; coin silver, 900 silver; german silver; nickel-silver;  Duraluminum; Monel metal; green gold; pink gold.
	{{has_subtype(steel)}} chrome steel, chromesteel, chromium steel; stainless steel; chrome-nickel steel; cobalt steel; high tensile steel; sructural steel; case-hardened steel; non-magnetic steel; titanium steel; chrome-vanadium steel.

P2.3.1.2.4  Processed Natural Substances  (mass nouns, symbol POM)
          R356, R356a, R388
  <-- "processed" includes the concept of "extracted"; excludes chemical substances under Artifacts P2.3.1.3.3
    break the Roget "oil" into oils 356, fats 356b, and waxes 356c -->
	N. {{has_subtype(material)}} processed natural substance.

P2.3.1.2.4.1  Oil
	#356. Oil. -- N. oil.
	{{produces(whale)}} spermaceti.
	{{has_subtype(mineral)}} petroleum.
	{{produces(plant)}} vegetable oil, colza oil[obs3], olive oil, salad oil, linseed oil; cottonseed oil; soybean oil; nut oil, peanut oil; grain oil; rape oil, rapeseed oil; seneca oil.
	animal oil, neat's foot oil, train oil; ointment, unguent, liniment; aceite[obs3], amole[obs3], Barbados tar[obs3]; fusel oil; hydrate of amyl, ghee[obs3].
	mineral oil.
	lubricating oil, lubrication, 3-in-1 oil.
	{{derived_from: petroleum}} heating oil, "#2 oil", No. 2 oil, distillate, residual oils, kerosene, jet fuel, gas, petrol, gasoline, naphtha.

P2.3.1.2.4.2 Resin  (R356a)
	#356a. Resin. -- N. resin, rosin.
	bitumen, pitch, tar; asphalt, asphaltum.
	varnish, mastic, lacquer, japan, magilp[obs3], copal[obs3].
	gum; amber, ambergris.
	{{derived_from: petroleum}} artificial resin, polymer.
	{{has_subtype(artificial resin)}} resin.
	{{has_subtype(ion-exchange  resin)}} cation-exchange resin, anion exchange resin, water softener, Amberlite[chem], Dowex[Chem], Diaion[chem].
	camphor.
	V. varnish &c. (overlay) 223.
	Adj. resinous, resiny[obs3]; bituminous, pitchy, tarry; asphaltic, asphaltite.
	gummy.

P2.3.1.2.4.3  Fat  (R356b)
	#356b.  Fat  [[fat]]
	N. {{produces(animal)}} fat; grease, tallow, suet, lard, dripping exunge[obs1].
	{{has_component(fat)}} triglyceride.
	{{has_component(triglyceride)}} fatty acid.
	{{comprises(fat)}} butter, cream.
	{{produces(whale)}} blubber.
	{{processed_into}} glycerin; stearin, elaine[Chem], oleagine[obs3].
	{{processed_into: soap}}.
	{{has_subtype(soap): soft soap, lye soap}}.
	{{processed_into}} adipocere[obs3].

P2.3.1.2.4.4  Wax  (R356c)
	#356c. Wax
	N.  {{property_of(waxy)}} wax, cerement.
	paraffin wax, paraffin; ear wax, cerumen; car wax, automobile wax; floor wax; furniture polish.
	{{has_property}} waxiness.
	{{has_subtype(wax)}} {{produces(bee)}} beeswax.
	{{has_subtype(wax)}} lac, sealing wax.
	{{property_of(waxiness): resin, R356a}}.
	vaseline jelly, vaseline.
	{{has_subtype(polymer)}} teflon, PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene.
	Adj. waxy.
	gummy.

<--
	388. fuel = TE 330 (symb. POFUEL) -->

P2.3.1.2.4.5  Fuel  (R388)
	#388. Fuel. -- N. {{function_of(combustion, R384a)}} fuel, firing, combustible.
	{{has_subtype(solid)}}  coal.
	{{has_subtype(coal)}} anthracite, culm[obs3], carbon, bituminous coal; blind coal, glance coal; wallsend[obs3]; tar shale.
	{{processed_into(bituminous coal)}} coke.
	{{has_subtype(solid)}} turf, peat.
	{{has_subtype(wood, @P2.3.1.2)}} firewood, bobbing, faggot, log; charcoal; ingle, tinder, touchwood.
	{{forms: burned fuel, product of combustion, @R384a}}.
	{{has_subtype(product of combustion, R384a): ash, cinder}}.
	{{has_subtype(solid)}} sulphur, brimstone; incense; port-fire; fire-barrel, fireball, brand; amadou[obs3], bavin[obs3]; German tinder, pyrotechnic sponge, punk, smudge [U. S.]; solid rocket fuel.
	{{consists_of(candle): @P2.3.1.2.4.4, wax, paraffin wax}}.
	{{has_subtype(liquid)}} {{has_subtype(oil, R356)}} fuel oil.
	{{has_subtype(liquid)}} alcohol; auto fuel.
	{{processed_into(petroleum)}} {{has_subtype(auto fuel)}} gasoline, petrol, gas, juice [coll.], benzine.
	{{has_subtype(gasoline)}} high octane gasoline.
	{{has_subtype(auto fuel)}} nitromethane;  gasohol; ethanol; methanol.
	{{processed_into(petroleum)}} fuel oil, kerosene,  jet fuel, heating oil, number 2 oil, number 4 oil, naphtha.
	rocket fuel, high specific impulse fuel.
	{{has_subtype(oil)}} lamp oil.
	{{consists_of(lamp oil)}} paraffin oil; whale oil.
	{{has_subtype(rocket fuel)}} liquid hydrogen; liquid oxygen, lox.
	{{has_subtype(gas)}}  natural gas, synthetic gas, synthesis gas, propane, butane, hydrogen.
	{{component_of}} brand, torch, fuse; wick; spill, match, light, lucifer, congreve[obs3], vesuvian, vesta[obs3], fusee, locofoco[obs3]; linstock[obs3].
	{{component_of(candle, R423}}.
	{{has_property}} heat of combustion,.
	Adj. combustible, inflammable.
	carbonaceous.
	high octane, high specific impulse.

<-- some animal parts listed here will be somewhat duplicative of animal anatomy designations, but here will have a (somewhat differentiated) meaning as an item of commerce, e.g. an elephant's tusk is traded and processed into ivory items -->
P2.3.1.2.4.6  Processed animal parts
	N.  processed animal part.
	{{has_part(tortoise)}} tortoiseshell.
	{{has_part(elephant)}} tusk.
	{{consists_of(tusk)}} ivory.
	{{has_part(whale)}} sperm oil.
	{{has_part(cow)}} hide, skin, cow hide.
	{{consists_of(cow hide)}} leather.

P2.3.1.2.4.7  Wood  [[wood]]
	{{processed_into(tree)}} lumber, wood, timber.
	{{has_subytype(wood)}}  Philippine mahogany; Port Orford cedar; acacia; rattan; redwood; alder; applewood; ash; balsa; bamboo; bass, basswood; beech, beechwood; birch; brierwood, briarwood; burl; buttonwood; cedar, cedarwood; cherry; chestnut; cottonwood; cypress; dogwood; ebony; elm, elmwood; eucalyptus; fir; fruit wood; guaiac, guaiacum, guiaocum; gum, gumwood; hazel, hazelwood; hemlock; hickory; incense wood; ironwood; juniper; kauri; knotty pine; lancewood; larch; lemonwood; lignum vitae; linden; loblolly pine; locust; logwood; magnolia; mahogany; maple; oak; olive; orangewood; peachwood; pecan; pine; poplar; rosewood; sandalwood; sandarac; satinwood; spruce; sumac; sycamore; teak, teakwood; tulipwood; tupelo; walnut; wicker; firewood; yew; zebrawood
	{{has_subtype(mahogany)}} burled mahogany.
	{{constitutes(wood)}} {{has_subtype(powder)}} {{forms(cut)}} {[with_object(wood)]} sawdust.
	hardwood; softwood.
	heart of oak, block.
	board, plank, deal board.
	{{has_subtype(lumber)}} dimensional lumber, pine, fir; microlaminated lumber, microlam.
	{{has_subtype(dimensional lumber)}} two by four; two by six; two by eight; two by ten; two by twelve; four by four; six by six.
	{{has_subtype(dimensional lumber)}} furring strip, furring; one by two; batten, slat.
	{{has_subtype(slat)}} lath; louvre, fin; stave.
	Adj. wooden.

<-- this mixture is non-metallic  -->
P2.3.1.2.5  Mixture  [[mixure]]
	N.  {{has_subtype(mixture, R41)}} mixture.
	magma, half-and-half, melange, tertium quid[Lat], miscellany.
	ambigu[obs1], medley, mess, hotchpot[obs3].
	pasticcio[obs3], patchwork, odds and ends, all sorts.
	salad; sauce; mash, chowchow[Chinese].
	gallimaufry, potpourri, olla-podrida[obs3], olio, omnium gatherum[Lat], salmagundi.
	Noah's ark; caldron texture; mingled yarn.
	{{has_subtype: jumble &c. (disorder) 59}}.
	{{has_subtype: mosaic &c. (variegation) 440}}.
	{[of(rock): breccia]}

P2.3.1.3  Artifact
<--   (Manufactured objects other than P2.3.1.1) (Sym:  POA)
				(All artifacts have purpose, price, means of
					    use, effectiveness, and class
					(consumer/intermediate/industrial)
				Many of the Roget categories are in this division.
				o.   General
					purpose - cf. volition
						electronic    -->
P2.3.1.3.1.  Artifacts generally   [[artifact]]
	artifact, manufactured object, item of commerce, handicraft.

<-- form here is for raw materials, teh way they are obtained -->
P2.3.1.3.1.1  FORM or SHAPE categories for materials
	N. form, material form, state, state of division.
	foil, leaf; sheet; wrap.
	bar, ingot; rod.
	{{has_subtype(network)}} mesh, webbing.
	cake.
	lump.
	pellet, tablet.
	dust.
	powder.
	grain, granulated powder.
	mist, aerosol.
	pure liquid.
	solution; emulsion; solid solution.
	slurry, suspension; sludge.
	compressed gas.
	{{has_subtype: fiber, P2.3.1.3.1.2.6}}.
	Adj.  granular, powdery.

<--  && the individual functional categories should be grouped here, but larger categories such as food can have their own entries immediately below; later, divide the specific materials betweeen natural and artifactual, and set references to function -->
P2.3.1.3.1.2  Artifactual Materials  [[material]]
<--  subdivided by Functional categories  -->
	{{&consists_of(artifact)}} {{similar_to: natural material, P2.3.1.32}} artifactual material.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.1.2.7, glue, mucilage, paste; cement}}.
	ore.
	{[in_frame(electricity/electronics)]} conductor; insulator; semiconductor.
	paper.
	brick; block.
	{{has_subtype(paper): @P2.3.1.3.1.2.7, gummed paper}}.
	{{has_subtype(polymer)}} plastic.
	{{similar_to: natural rubber, @P2.3.1.2}}{{property_of(elasticity, R325)}} synthetic rubber.
	{{has_subtype(synthetic rubber)}}  neoprene, Buna-S.
	{{has_subtype(plastic)}} {{property_of(tenacity, stickiness, R327)}} Velcro.
	{{has_subtype:  chemical compound, medicine, poison, P2.3.1.3.4}}
	Adj.   adobe.
	metallic; sandy; rocky; plasticine.
	dusty; gritty.

P2.3.1.3.1.2.1  Multiuse Materials
	N.  multipurpose material.

P2.3.1.3.1.2.1.1  Plastic
	N. plastic.
	thermoplastic, thermoplastic resin.
	thermosetting compositions, thermosetting resin.
	cellulosic plastic.
	{{has_subtype(cellulosic plastic)}} cellulose nitrate, celluloid; cellulose acetate.
	fluorocarbon plastic.
	{{has_subtype(fluorocarbon plastic)}} Teflon, teflon, polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE.
	Mylar, mylar; phenolic urea, Bakelite, bakelite; Vinylite, vinylite; resinoid; aminoplast; coumarone-indene; furane; lignin; melamine; multiresin; polyester; silicone resin; polypropylene; polyvinyl-formaldehyde; terpene; tetrafluoroethylene; vinyl.

P2.3.1.3.1.2.2  Materials for Art
	N.  art material, material for art, artist's material.

P2.3.1.3.1.2.2.1  Materials for Sculpture
	#635a.  Materials for sculpture
	N. sculpture material, material for sculpture.
	{{metaphor_for:  sculpture}} marble; bronze; ceramic.
	papier-mache; plaster of paris.
	cloisonne, enamel; satsuma.
	faience.
	{{constitutes(ceramic): crockery,  R384}}.
	terra cotta.
	porcelain, china.
	{{has_subtype: steel; aluminum; brass; copper}}.

P2.3.1.3.1.2.2.2  Material for Painting
	N. {{uses(painting, @R554)}} material for painting, painting material.
	pallet, palette; easel.
	brush.
	ink; pencil, stump; black lead; crayons; chalk, pastel; watercolor, body color; oil color, oils, oil paints; primer, priming; gouache, tempera; fresco, water glass; enamel; encaustic painting.
	{{component_of(egg yolk + size)}} distemper.
	{{property_of(black)}} charcoal.

P2.3.1.3.1.2.3  Materials for Construction  [[construction]]
	#635b.  Materials for construction. -- N.
	construction material.
	clapboard; shake; shingle.
	compo, composition.
	concrete; reinforced concrete.
	{{has_subtype(stone, @P2.3.1.1.4)}} adobe, brown stone.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.2.4.7, wood, lumber, timber}}.
	{{constitutes(clay, @P2.3.1.1.4)}} brick.
	{{has_subtype(steel)}} structural steel.
	block.
	{{has_subtype(block)}} cinder block; cement block.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.1.2.7.2, mortar, cement}}.
	iron, cast iron, decarbonized iron, wrought iron.
	{{constitutes(steel)}} nail; rivet.
	hardware.
	chinking.
	daubing; puncheon.

P2.3.1.3.1.2.4  Writing Materials
<-- this should subdivide into inks and media -->
	#635c.  Writing material.
	N. {{uses(writing, R590, @M8.1.3.3.2.4)}} writing material.
	stationery; paper, foolscap, parchment, vellum, papyrus.
	tablet, marble, pillar, table; blackboard, slate.
	ink.
	ink bottle, ink horn, ink pot, ink stand, ink well.
	pen, quill, goose quill.
	pencil.
	style.
	crayon.
	{{has_subtype(pen)}} ball-point pen; fountain pen; felt-tip pen, felt pen; grease pen, grease marker, marker, glass-marking pen.
	{{has_subtype(pencil)}} lead pencil; graphite pencil; mechanical pencil; china marking pencil, china marker.
	typewriter.
	{{has_subtype(typewriter)}} manual typewriter; electric typewriter.
	{{has_part(typewriter)}} key; keyboard; carriage; return handle; platen; roller; space bar; shift; type.
	printer.
	{{has_subtype(printer)}} dot matrix printer; thermal printer; ink-jet printer; laser printer.
	{{has_part(printer)}} feed mechanism; paper holder; printhead.
	{{has_part(laser printer)}} toner.

P2.3.1.3.1.2.5  Tableware Materials
	N.  {{consists_of(tableware, @P2.3.1.3.9.1)}} tableware material.
	ceramic, ceramics, pottery, porcelain, earthenware, vitrics.
	{{has_subtype(porcelain)}}  china.
	{{has_subtype(ceramic)}} ironstone; majolica; terra cotta.
	{{has_subtype(china)}} bone china; rose china; eggshell china.

<-- the "fiber" entry at R205 refers to the form of a material. This entry includes both the fiber material and the fiber itself, and types of cloth made from fiber.  Note that most words for types of cloth also apply as types of fibers. Although natural fibers exist, cloth types made of natural fibers are listed here, under artifacts, because the cloth itself is not a natural object. -->
P2.3.1.3.1.2.6  Fiber materials  [[fiber]]  [[cloth]]
	N.   fiber material.
	{{has_subtype(fiber, R205)}} {{constitutes(fiber material)}} fiber, fibre.
	{{has_subtype(weave,  @P1.2.2.2.2.9)}} cloth, fabric, textile.
	{{&consists_of(cloth)}} {{property_of(natural)}} natural fiber.
	{{has_subtype(natural fiber)}} cotton; silk, sewing silk; wool, cambric; flax; vicuna.
	{{produced_by(cashmere goat)}} {{has_subtype(wool)}} {{property_of(fineness)}} cashmere.
	{{property_of(natural)}} hemp, jute; oakum.
	{{constitutes(hemp/jute)}} burlap.
	{{constitutes(cotton/linen)}} buckram.
	{{constitutes(silk)}} {{has_subtype(pattern)}} foulard.
	{{&consists_of(cloth)}} {{property_of(synthetic)}} nylon; polyester; rayon; Dacron, dacron, Terylene; acrylic.
	{{property_of(synthetic)}} fiberglass, glass wool; carbon fiber; steel wool; polypropylene.
	{{comprises(cloth)}} lint.
	{{has_subtype(cloth)}}  sheeting; webbing; wash-and-wear fabric.
	{{has_subtype(cloth)}} {{property_of(waterproof)}} mackintosh, macintosh.
	{{has_subtype(cloth)}} {{constitutes(flax)}} linen.
	{{has_subtype(cloth)}} {{constitutes(cotton)}} calico; fustian; denim; muslin; percale.
	{{has_subtype(pattern)}} {{&has_property(cloth)}} cloth pattern.
	{{has_subtype(cloth)}} {{has_subtype(weave)}} satin; sateen; knit; lace.
	{{has_subtype(cloth pattern)}} print; herringbone; paisley.
	{{has_subtype(cloth)}} cheesecloth; chenille; chiffon; chino; chintz; cord, corduroy; cotton; crepe, crape; cretonne; crinoline; doeskin; duffel, duffle; faille; felt; flannel; fleece; frieze; gabardine; gingham; grogram; grosgrain; haircloth; homespun; hopsacking, hopsack; horsehair; lame'; Leatherette, leatherette, imitation leather; linsey-woolsey; mackinaw; madras; mohair; moire', watered-silk; moleskin; mousseline de sole; oilcloth; organdy; organza; permanent-press fabric; poplin; quilting; rep, repp; sailcloth; scrim; seersucker; serge; sharkskin; spandex; suede cloth; taffeta; tapestry; toweling; Velcro, velcro; velours, velour; velvet; velveteen; voile; worsted; brocade; damask; ticking; canvas; sacking, bagging.

<-- adhesive is here rather than under simple tools because it resembles a "material" (chemical substance) more than a solid object -->
P2.3.1.3.1.2.7  Adhesive
	{{has_subtype(connection)}} {{property_of(semiliquidity, R352)}} {{property_of(stickiness, R327)}}  adhesive, adhesive material.

P2.3.1.3.1.2.7.1 Glue     [[glue]] 
	glue, mucilage, paste; gum.
	{{part_of}} adhesive tape; fly paper.
	{{has_subtype(glue)}} animal glue; wood glue; fish glue, carlock[obs3], ichthyocol[obs3], ichthycolla[obs3].
	{{&derived_from(animal glue): horse hoof}}.
	{{part_of}} {{has_subtype(paper, @P2.3.2.3.1.2)}} gummed paper.
	{{has_instance(gummed paper)}} Post-it note.
	{{has_instance}} {{constitutes(plastic)}} Velcro.
	{{has_subtype(glue)}} wood glue, carpenter's glue; super glue.
	{{has_subtype(glue)}} rubber cement; epoxy glue, epoxy cement, epoxy.
	V. {{has_subtype(fasten, P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.1)}} [intransitive] stick, adhere.
	[transitive] glue, paste; stick to.
	[transitive] tape.

P2.3.1.3.1.2.7.2  Cement
	N. {{similar_to: glue, P2.3.1.3.1.2.7)}} cement, mortar.
	size, wafer, lute, birdlime.
	solder.
	stucco, plaster, grout.
	putty; viscum[obs3]; tile grout, tiling compound; binder.
	{{has_subtype(cement)}} Portland cement.
	V.  cement, mortar.

P2.3.1.3.1.2.8  Sealer
	{{property_of(stickiness, R327)}} sealer, sealing agent.
	putty; spackle; caulk, caulking agent.
	{{has_subtype(putty)}} iron putty; red-lead putty.
	mastic.
	{{has_subtype(wax): sealing wax}}.
	{{has_subtype: tar}}.

P2.3.1.3.1.3  Specific Artifacts
	N. artifact, product.
	{{has_subtype:  @R798, item of commerce, article of commerce;  merchandise, wares, goods}}.

P2.3.1.3.1.3.1  Cooking Implement  [[cooking]]
	N.  {{uses(cooking/cookery)}} cooking utensil, cooking implement, culinary implement.
	{{constitutes(porcelain)}} dish; crock.
	{{performed_in(roasting): oven}}.
	{{performed_on(frying): stovetop}}.
	{{has_subtype(electrical appliance)}} toaster; blender; waffle iron; electric mixer.
	cooker; enamelware.
	{{function_of(measure)}} measuring spoon; measuring cup.
	{{constitutes(metal)}} {{has_subtype(network)}} grid, gridiron; grill, grille.
	{{constitutes(metal)}} griddle; spit.
	{{constitutes(metal)}} {{&part_of(lid/cover)}} pan; pot, cooking pot.
	{{has_subtype(pan)}} frying pan, skillet; saucepan; saute pan; wok; dripping pan; poacher; popover pan; pizza pan.
	{{has_subtype(pan)}} {{function_of(baking)}} baking pan; loaf pan; cake pan; pie pan, piepan; muffin tin, muffin pan; cookie sheet.
	{{has_subtype(pan)}} {{function_of(roasting)}} roasting pan, roaster
	{{has_subtype(pot)}} coffee pot, coffee-pot, coffeepot; caldron,  cauldron; Dutch oven; kettle, boiler; marmite; teapot, teakettle; urn; double boiler; fondue pot; crock pot; pressure cooker.
	{{has_subtype(urn)}} samovar.
	{{has_subtype(dish)}} chafing dish; casserole; terrine.
	spoon; ladle; spatula; colander; funnel; fork; sifter; grater; baster; beater; blender; rolling pin; can opener; bottle opener; knife sharpener; cutting board; egg slicer; cheese slicer.
	{{has_subtype: knife, P2.3.1.3.12.4.1}}.
	{{has_subtype(knife): paring knife; slicing knife; chopping knife; bread knife; potato peeler, vegetable peeler; corer; kitchen shears; biscuit cutter; ice pick}}.
	{{has_subtype(thermometer): oven thermometer; meat thermometer}}. 

P2.3.1.3.1.3.2  weights
	weight.
	{{property_of(compensation, R30)}} make-weight, casting-weight; counterpoise, ballast; counterweight, tare.

<--  the default for foodstuffs is that they are natural (processed natural substances).  If not, they should be marked as artificial -->
P2.3.1.3.2   food R298    (symb. POFOOD) [[food]]
<--  [[food]]    Eating WAS INCLUDED WITH FOOD in Roget, but has been moved to  "action".   -->
	#298.  Food. -- N.  {{consumes(eating, meal, R298a, M7.3.1.1.1}} food, pabulum, aliment, nourishment, nutriment.
	comestibles, eatables, victuals, edibles, ingesta; grub[coll.].
	sustenance, staff of life, sustentation, sustention; nurture, subsistence.
	keep, commons, board.
	{{has_subtype(provision, R637}} provision, provisions, ration, rations.
	{{has_subtype(provision, R637}} {{&uses(journey)}} viaticum [ food taken on a journey ].
	{{has_subtype(provision, R637}} {{&uses(prospecting)}} grubstake, grub stake [food given to a prospector for a share of his findings].
	commissariat &c. (provision) 637.
	fare, cheer.
	diet, regimen; weight-reducing fare, dietary regimen.
	{{has_low_quality(diet)}} bread and water, starvation diet.
	belly timber; bread, bread and cheese.
	{[of(carnivorous animal)]} prey.
	{[of(herbivorous animal)]} forage, pasture, pasturage, prog[obs3].
	{[of(animal)]} provender, feed, fodder, animal food.
	{[of(animal)]} {{location_of(silo)}} silage, ensilage.
	{{has_subtype(provender)}}  corn; hay; swill.
<-- "cat chow", "mouse chow", etc  are used by Purina company as a term for their food for animals, including laboratory animals -->
	{{has_subtype(animal food)}} dog food; cat food, cat chow; mouse chow; rabbit chow.
	{{property_of(luxurious)}} delicacy, delicacies, dainty, dainties, fleshpots, cates[obs3].
	creature comforts, contents of the larder, festal board, groaning board.
	ambrosia; good cheer, good living.
<-- specific types -->
	meat; bread, bread stuffs; cerealia[obs3]; cereals; viands.
	beef, bisquit[obs3], bun; cornstarch [U.S.]; cookie, cooky [U.S.]; cracker, doughnut; fatling[obs3]; hardtack, hoecake [U.S.], hominy [U.S.]; mutton, pilot bread; pork; roti[obs3], rusk, ship biscuit; veal; joint, piece de resistance[Fr], roast and boiled; remove, entremet[obs3], ; releve[Fr], hash, rechauffe[Fr], stew, ragout, fricassee, mince; pottage, potage[obs3], broth, soup, consomme, puree, spoonmeat[obs3]; pie, pasty, volauvent[obs3]; pudding, omelet; pastry; kickshaws[obs3].
	alligator pear, apple, apple slump; artichoke; ashcake[obs3], griddlecake, pancake, flapjack; atole[obs3], avocado, banana, beche de mer[Fr], barbecue, beefsteak; beet root; blackberry, blancmange, bloater, breadfruit, chop suey [U.S.]; chowder, chupatty[obs3], clam, compote, damper, fish, frumenty[obs3], grapes, ice cream, lettuce, mango, mangosteen, mince pie, oatmeal, oyster, pineapple, porridge, porterhouse steak, salmis[obs3], sauerkraut, sea slug, sturgeon ("Albany beef"), succotash [U.S.], supawn [obs3][U.S.], trepang[obs3], vanilla, waffle, walnut.
	mouthful, bolus, gobbet[ob, apparel, accounter[obs3], rig, fit out; deck &c. (ornament) 847; perk, equip, harness, caparison.
	wear; don; put on, hup, gulp.
	eating house &c. 189.
	Phr.  room and board.

P2.3.1.3.2.1  Condiment (R393) 
	#393. Condiment. -- N. condiment, seasoning, sauce, spice, relish,  appetizer.
	salt; pepper; curry, sauce piquante[Fr]; caviar, caviare;  onion, garlic, pickle; achar[obs3], allspice;  chutney; cubeb[obs3], pimento.
	{{has_subtype(pepper)}} black pepper, white pepper, peppercorn; bell pepper, Jamaica pepper, green pepper; capsicum pepper.
	{{has_subtype(pepper)}} {{processed_into(capsicum pepper)}} capsicum, red pepper, chili peppers, cayenne.
	nutmeg, mace, cinnamon, oregano, cloves, fennel.
	[herbs] pot herbs, parsley, sage, rosemary, thyme, bay leaves, marjoram.
	[fragrant woods and gums] frankincense, balm, myrrh.
	[from pods] paprika.
	[from flower stigmas] saffron.
	[from roots] ginger, turmeric.
	{{has_subtype(spread, P2.3.1.3.2.16)}} mayonnaise; mustard; grey poupon mustard; ketchup, catsup.
	V. season, spice, flavor, spice up &c. (render pungent) 392.

P2.3.1.3.2.2  Confection (R396a)
	N. {{property_of(sweetness, R396)}} sweet, sweets, confection, confectionary.
	{{has_part(meal)}} desert.
	pastry; pie; cake; candy; ice cream; tart; puff; pudding.
	{{has_component}} sweetener.
	{{has_subtype(sweetener)}} {{has_subtype(sugar, @P2.3.1.3.4}} sugar.
	{{has_subtype(sweetener)}} {{property_of(liquid)}} syrup; treacle, molasses; honey.
	{{has_subtype(sweetener)}} {{property_of(artificial)}} saccharine; aspartame.
	{{has_subtype(syrup)}} corn syrup; maple sirup[obs3], maple syrup, maple sugar.
	{{has_subtype(sugar,P2.3.1.3.2.2): sucrose, cane sugar, beet sugar; glucose, dextrose; levulose, fructose; mannose; mannitol; sorbitol}}.
	{{origin_of(heaven)}} manna.
	conserve, preserve, confiture[obs3], jam, jelly.
	{{has_subtype(candy)}} sugar-candy; plum, sugar-plum, sweetmeat; licorice; lollipop; bonbon; jujube; comfit; apple butter; caramel; mithai[obs3], sorghum, taffy.
	{{has_subtype(plum)}} damson.
	nectar; hydromel[obs3], mead, meade[obs3], metheglin[obs3], honeysuckle.
	{{component_of(fruit)}} marmalade.
	{{component_of(fruit + syrup)}} compote.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.2.10, liqueur, sweet wine, julep, aperitif}}.
	{{has_subtype(plant)}} {{produced_by(sugar): sugar cane; sugar beet}}.
	sweetening, dulcification[obs1], dulcoration[obs1].
	sweetener, corn syrup, cane sugar, refined sugar, beet sugar, dextrose; artificial sweetener, saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame, Sweet'N Low.
	pudding, custard.
	{{has_subtype(pudding)}} hasty pudding; Yorkshire pudding.
	Phr. eau sucree[Fr]; " sweets to the sweet " [Hamlet].

<--  [[meat]] -->
P2.3.1.3.2.3  Meat
	N. meat, flesh.
	beef; venison; veal; pork; ham; lamb; mutton.
	cut, cut of meat.
	rabbit.
	{{property_of(unusual)}} alligator meat; snake meat; buffalo, buffalo  meat; frog's leg; horse meat; moose, moose meat.
	{{has_subtype(cut)}} joint, roast; chop, cutlet; piece, slice.
	{{has_subtype(cut)}} {{property_of(boneless)}} fillet.
	variety meat, offal, organ, organ meat.
	{{has_subtype(organ meat)}} heart; thymus, sweetbread; pancreas, sweetbread; liver; tongue; brain; eye; testicle, testes, stones, oyster; kidney; stomach, intestine, tripe.
	{{has_subtype(tongue)}} oxtongue.
	{{has_subtype(sausage)}} bratwurst; headcheese; knockwurst; liver_pudding, liver_sausage, liverwurst; salami; bologna, Bologna_sausage; frank, frankfurter, hot_dog, Vienna_sausage, wiener.
	{{has_subtype(beef)}} beef tenderloin, undercut, tenderloin; chuck; rib; loin; hip; hind shank, shank; brisket; plate; flank; sirloin; wedge bone; flat bone; pin bone; sirloin tip; porterhouse; T-bone; blade; beef neck, neck; chuck short rib; shoulder; short ribs; round; rump.
	{{has_subtype(beef)}}  beefsteak, steak; roast beef; ground beef, hamburger, hamburger meat; bully beef, corned beef; pastrami; beef jerky, jerky, pemmican.
	{{has_subtype(pork)}} pork cut.
	{{has_subtype(pork cut)}} pork tenderloin, tenderloin; leg of pork; pork loin; belly, pork belly, side of pork.
	{{has_subtype(pork belly)}} flitch.
	{{has_subtype(pork)}} cochon de lait, suckling, suckling pig.
	{{has_subtype(pork)}}  butt, ham, jambon.
	{{has_subtype(pork)}} prosciuto.
	{{has_subtype(pork)}} bacon.
	{{has_subtype(bacon)}} Canadian bacon; American bacon; gammon, side of bacon.
	{{has_subtype(pork)}} fatback, salt pork, sowbelly; cracklings; spareribs; pig's feet, pig's knuckles; chitterlings, chitlins, chitlings; haslet.
	{{processed_into(bird, P2.3.2.2.2.1)}}  fowl, poultry.
	{{has_subtype(fowl)}} chicken, poulet; duck; goose.
	{{has_subtype(chicken)}} broiler; fryer; roaster; capon; stewing chicken.
	{{has_subtype(duck)}} duckling; wild duck.
	{{has_subtype(fowl)}} Cornish hen, Rock Cornish hen; guinea fowl, guinea hen; dove, pigeon, squab; goose; partridge; pheasant; quail; turkey.
domestic fowl, fowl, poultry.
	{{has_subtype(chicken)}} bantam; chick; cock, rooster; hen; Rhode Island red; Dominique, Dominick; Orpington.
	{{has_subtype(turkey)}} turkey cock, gobbler, tom, tom turkey.
	{{has_subtype(hen)}} layer.

<--  [[bread]]  -->
P2.3.1.3.2.4  Bread
	N.  {{processed_into(batter)}} bread, the staff of life.
	loaf; roll; bun; muffin; waffle; pancake; doughnut, donut; biscuit; tortilla; pita.
	white bread; black bread; rye bread; whole wheat bread; oatmeal bread.
	Italian bread; French bread; Irish soda bread.
	zucchini bread; corn bread; potato bread.
	challah.
	{{has_subtype(roll)}} hard roll; dinner roll; crescent roll; stollen; Vienna roll; onion roll.
	{{has_subtype(muffin)}} blueberry muffin.
	{{has_subtype(bun)}} hot cross bun.
	{{has_subtype(biscuit)}} scone.

P2.3.1.3.2.5  Seafood
	N. seafood.
	shellfish; fish; octopus; calamari, calamary, squid.
	{{has_subtype(shellfish)}} crustacean; mollusk.
	{{has_subtype(crustacean)}} prawn, shrimp; rock lobster, spiny lobster; lobster, homard[Fr]; crawdad, crawfish, crayfish; crab.
	{{has_subtype(mollusk)}} clam; oyster; snail, escargot[Fr].
	{{has_subtype(meal)}} {{part_of(lobster)}} lobster Newburg; lobster thermidor; lobster in butter sauce.

P2.3.1.3.2.6  Vegetable
	N. vegetable.
	artichoke; asparagus; bean; beet; broccoli; cabbage; carrot; cauliflower; celery; chinese cabbage; cucumber; eggplant; lettuce; mushroom; onion; pea; potato; spinach; squash; tomato; turnip; yam, sweet potato; zucchini.

P2.3.1.3.2.7  Fruit
	N. fruit.
	apple; apricot; banana; cherry; mandarin orange, tangerine; orange; peach; pear; plum; fig; berry.
	{{has_subtype(berry)}} strawberry; bluebery; blackberry; raspberry; cranberry.
	melon.
	{{has_subtype(melon)}} cantalope, muskmelon; watermelon.
	kiwi fruit; nectarine.
	grape.

P2.3.1.3.2.8  Salad
	N. salad.
	tossed salad; Caesar slad; Waldorf salad.
	potato salad; macaroni salad; fruit salad; herring salad; tuna salad, tuna fish salad;  sea food salad; crab salad.

P2.3.1.3.2.9  Soup
	soup.
	{{has_part}} {{property_of(liquid)}} bouillon, bouilli[obs3], broth.
	clam chowder; onion soup; French onion soup; cream of tomato soup; cream of potato soup; vegetable soup.
	{{origin_of(Russia)}} borshch; shchi.
	{{origin_of(China)}} won ton soup.
	noodle soup.

P2.3.1.3.2.10  Beverage  [[beverage]]
	N. {{property_of(liquid)}} beverage, drink.
	non-alcoholic beverage.
	{{has_subtype(non-alcoholic beverage)}} water; mineral water; carbonated water, seltzer; juice; soda, soda water, soda pop, pop, carbonated beverage, minerals; malt, shake, milk shake, frappe; milk.
	cider.
	{{has_subtype(juice)}} fruit juice; tomato juice.
	{{component_of(alcohol, ethanol)}} spirits, alcoholic beverage, drink, alcoholic drinks, alcoholic drinks.
	{{has_subtype(alcoholic beverage)}} wine; beer, brew; ale; liquor, hard liquor, distilled liquor, intoxicating beverage; mixed drink, cocktail.
	{{has_subtype(alcoholic beverage)}} {{property_of(sweetness, R396)}} liqueur, sweet wine, aperitif.
	{{has_subtype(mixed drink)}} highball [U.S.].
	{{has_subtype(mixed drink)}} {{component_of(liquor + sugar + lemon juice + water)}} sling [U.S.].
	{{has_subtype(mixed drink)}} {{component_of(wine + soda)}} wine cooler, spritzer, California cooler.
	{{has_subtype(mixed drink)}} gin rickey, rickey; eggnog; julep.
	{{has_subtype(beer)}} malt liquor, light beer, lite, stingo[obs3], heavy wet, bock beer, lager beer, Pilsener beer, schenck beer[obs3]; kvass.
	{{has_metaphor(beer)}}  Sir John Barleycorn.
	{{has_subtype(mixed drink)}} {{component_of(liquor + sugar)}} toddy, hot toddy, grog; flip, purl; punch; mint julep [U.S.].
	negus[obs3], cup, bishop, wassail.
	{{has_subtype(hard liquor)}} whisky, uisquebaugh[Irish], usquebaugh, xeres[obs3]; gin, ginsling[obs3]; vodka; rum.
	{{processed_into(wine/fermented fruit)}} {{forms(distillation)}} brandy, brandy smash [U.S.].
	{{has_subtype(brandy)}} Cognac.
	{{has_subtype(wine)}} white wine; red wine; rose, rose wine.
	{{has_subtype(wine)}} {{component_of(wine + brandy)}} fortified wine.
	{{has_subtype(fortified wine)}} sherry; port, port wine; madeira; marsala.
	{{has_subtype(wine)}} {{origin_of(Hungary)}} {{property_of(sweet)}} tokay, tokaji.
	schnapps.
	{{has_subtype(wine)}} {{property_of(sweet)}} aperitif.
	{{has_subtype(white wine)}} {{property_of(sweet)}} sauternes.
	{{has_subtype(wine)}} {{component_of(wormwood extract)}} vermouth.
	{{has_subtype(red wine)}} burgundy; bordeaux; beaujolais.
	{{has_subtype(white wine)}} chardonnay; white bordeaux, bordeaux blanc.
	{{has_subtype(bordeaux)}} {{property_of(young)}} claret.
	{{has_subtype(wine)}}  champagne; Rhine wine.
	{{has_subtype(wine)}} {{has_subtype(wine grape)}} Riesling; Cabernet sauvignon; Zinfandel; Condcord; Pinot Noir; Pinot Blanc; Pinot Chardonnay.
	{{has_subtype(hard liquor)}} {{property_of(illegal)}} moonshine; white lightning[coll.].
	blue ruin*;  rosy wine, flowing bowl; drop, drop too much; dram; aguardiente[obs3]; apple brandy, applejack; chain lightning*; peg.
	{{has_subtype(whiskey)}} rye; scotch; Irish whiskey.
	{{has_subtype(milk)}} whole milk; pasteurized milk; homogenized milk; low fat milk, 2 per cent milk; skim milk; chocolate milk; sweetened milk, sugared milk; goat's milk.
	{{component_of(caffeine)}} {{processed_into(coffee bean)}} coffee, java.
	{{component_of(caffeine)}} {{processed_into(tea leaf)}}  tea, the cup that cheers but not inebriates.
	{{has_subtype(coffee)}} {{property_of(concentrated)}} Turkish coffee, Greek coffee.
	{{processed_into(milk)}} whey; yoghurt, yogurt; sour cream; half-and-half; light cream; heavy cream.
	Brazil tea.
	cider, claret, ice water, mate; near beer, 3.2 beer.
	chocolate, hot chocolate, cocoa
	{{has_subtype(fruit juice)}} apple juice; orange juice; pineapple juice; lemon juice; cranberry juice; apricot juice.
	{{has_subtype(fruit juice)}} {{property_of(sweetened + diluted)}} lemonade; orangeade; limeade; cool-aid.
	
P2.3.1.3.2.11  Solid dairy product.
	N. {{processed_into(milk)}} solid dairy prodcut.
	cheese; curds; ice cream; ice milk; yogurt, yoghurt; butter; clabber.

P2.3.1.3.2.12  Egg
	N. egg.
	fresh egg; fried egg; soufle; omelet, omelette; deviled egg, dropped egg, shirred egg, stuffed egg; buttered egg, scrambled egg; poached egg; boiled egg, coddled egg.
	{{component_of(egg + mayonnaise)}} egg salad.
	{{&processed_into(egg)}} mayonnaise.

P2.3.1.3.2.13  Grain, grist, cereal
	N. grain, grist, cereal.
	wild rice, Indian rice; rice; oat, oats; corn; cornmeal, meal; wheat; buckwheat; barley.
	{{has_subtype(corn)}} indian corn; hybrid corn.

P2.3.1.3.2.14  Nut, Kernel
	N. nut, kernel.; sunflower_seed; souari_nut; shagbark, shellbark; sassafras_nut; pistachio, pistachio_nut; pinon, pinyon; pine_nut; physic_nut; pecan; peanut; palm_nut; macadamia_nut; litchi_nut; kola, kola_nut; horse_chestnut; hognut, pignut; hickory_nut; grugru_nut; groundnut; dika_nut; cumara_nut; corozo_nut; coconut; cobnut, hazelnut, filbert; chincapin, chinkapin, chinquapin; chestnut; cashew, cashew_nut; candlenut; butternut; Brazil_nut, brazil_nut, brazil; bonduc_nut; walnut; betel_nut; ben_nut; beechnut; almond.

P2.3.1.3.2.15  Pasta
	N. pasta, noodles, paste.
	matzo_balls; dumplings, dumplings; won_ton.
	{{origin_of(Italy)}}  Italian paste; ravioli; lasagna, lasagne; linguini, linguine; macaroni; vermicelli; fettuccine, fettucine, fettucini; fedelline; ziti; spaghettini; spaghetti.

P2.3.1.3.2.16  Spread
	{{property_of(semisolid)}} spread.
	peanut butter.
	jelly, jam, preserve.
	cheese spread.
	onion dip.
	{{has_subtype: butter, @P2.3.1.3.2.11}}.
	{{similar_to(butter)}} maragarine, oleo, oleomargarine.
	{{has_subtype:  @P2.3.1.3.2.1, mayonnaise; mustard; grey poupon mustard; ketchup, catsup}}.
	
P2.3.1.3.2.17  Sauce
	{{property_of(semisolid)}} {{property_of(thin, dilute)}} sauce.
	gravy; salas sressing.
	{{has_subtype(salad dressing)}} French dressing; Russian dressing; roquefort dressing; Italian dressing; oil and vinegar; Thousand Islands dressing.
	bernaise sauce; tartar sauce; Newburg sauce.

P2.3.1.3.2.18  Additive.
	N.  {{&has_component(food)}} additive.
	{{has_subtype(additive)}} preservative, preserver; flavor enhancer.
	{{has_subtype(preservative)}} calcium propionate.
	{{has_subtype( flavor enhancer)}} monosodium glutamate, MSG.

P2.3.1.3.4   Chemical Substances (not natural) (symb. CHEMSUB)[[chemical]]
					(inherit properties from POM, exclude alloys)
<--   In this category we will include some processed natural substances, such as medicine and poison. 
				medicines (drugs) POMED
					poisons (toxins) POTOX
					inorganic chemicals (not above)
					organic chemicals (not above)  -->
	N. chemical compound, chemical substance, chemical, pure chemical, compound, substance.
	reagent, reactant.
	catalyst.
	heavy chemical, industrial chemical; fine chemical.
	{{has_property}} molecular weight; formula weight, equivalent weight.
	{{has_unit(molecular weight)}} dalton.
	{{has_large_quantity(molecular weight)}} high molecular weight compound.
	{{has_property(high molecular weight compound)}} high molecular weight.
	{{property_of(purity)}} reagent grade chemical.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.4.3, inorganic compound, inorganic chemical}}.
	{{has_subtype}} {{component_of(carbon): @P2.3.1.3.4.4, organic chemical, organic compound}}.
	acid; base; salt; hydrate.
	clathrate.
	impurity.
	{{has_subtype(impurity)}} dopant, additive, doping agent.
	zeolite.
	ionized compound, unionized compound, neutral compound.
	{{has_subtype(ionized compound)}} cationic compound; anionic compound; amphoteric compound; zwitterionic compound, zwitterion.
	monomer.
	{{part_of(monomer)}} {{property_of(multiplicity)}} {{property_of(high molecular weight)}} polymer.
	{{property_of(liquid)}} solvent.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.4.2, poison, toxin}}.

P2.3.1.3.4.1   medicine
	N.  medicine, medicament.

P2.3.1.3.4.2  Poison
	N. poison, toxin.

P2.3.1.3.4.3  Inorganic Chemicals
	N.  inorganic chemical, inorganic compound.

P2.3.1.3.4.4  Organic Chemicals
	N. organic chemical, organic compound.
	carbohydrate; hydrocarbon.
	{{has_subtype: vitamin}}.
	{{has_subtype(carbohydrate)}} sugar.
	{{has_subtype(monomer)}} amino acid; lipid; fatty acid; alkane; parrafin.
	{{has_subtype(polymer)}} {{component_of(amino acid)}} protein.
	{{has_subtype(polymer)}} {{component_of(nucleotide)}} nucleic acid.
	{{has_subtype(polymer)}} {{component_of(sugar)}} polysaccharide.
	{{has_subtype(lipid)}}  {{component_of(glycerol + fatty acid)}} triglyceride.
	{{has_subtype(lipid)}} sterol.
	{{has_subtype(nucleic acid)}} ribonucleic acid, RNA; deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.
	{{has_subtype(lipid)}}  {{component_of(phosphate)}} phospholipid.
	{{component_of(carbohydrate)}} glycoside.
	{{has_subtype(protein)}} {{component_of(carbohydrate)}} glycoprotein.
	{{has_subtype(protein)}} {{component_of(lipid)}} lipoprotein.
	{{has_subtype(sugar, @P2.3.1.3.2.2)}} {{property_of(sweet)}} sucrose, cane sugar, beet sugar; glucose, dextrose; levulose, fructose; mannose; mannitol; sorbitol.

P2.3.1.3.4.4.1  Enzyme
	N.  {{has_subtype(catalyst)}} {{has_subtype(protein)}} enzyme.

P2.3.1.3.4.4.2  Vitamin
	N. vitamin.
	fat-soluble vitamin, water-soluble vitamin.
	{{has_subtype(fat-soluble vitamin)}} vitamin A, vitamin A, retinol, antiophthalmic factor, axerophthol; vitamin A, cryptoxanthin, carotene; vitamin D, calciferol, ergocalciferol, cholecarciferol; vitamin E, tocopherol; vitamin K, naphthoquinone; vitamin K1, phylloquinone, phytonadione; vitamin K3, menadione.
	{{has_subtype(water-soluble vitamin)}} B-complex vitamin, vitamin B complex; choline; inositol; niacin, nicotinic acid; pantothenic acid, pantothen; vitamin B, thiamin, aneurin, antiberi-beri factor; vitamin B, cobalamin, cyanocobalamin; vitamin B, vitamin G, riboflavin, lactoflavin, ovoflavin, hepatoflavin; vitamin B, pyridoxine, adermin; vitamin Bc, vitamin M, folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid; vitamin H, biotin; vitamin P, bioflavinoid, citrin.

P2.3.1.3.4.5   Explosive
	N. {{has_subtype(weapon, R727)}} explosive, blasting agent.
	gunpowder, black powder; ammonium nitrate.
	guncotton, nitrocellulose; mercury fulminate; picrates; pentaerythritol tetranitrate, PETN.
	{{component_of(guncotton)}} smokeless powder.
	high explosive; trinitrotoluene, TNT; nitroglycerine, trinitroglycerine.
	{{component_of(nitroglycerine + kieselguhr)}} dynamite.
	melinite[obs3], cordite, lyddite, plastic explosive, plastique;  pyroxyline[obs3].
	nuclear explosive.
	{{has_subtype(nuclear explosive)}} atomic bomb; hydrogen bomb.

<--  [[clothing]]  -->
P2.3.1.3.5   Clothing R225
<--  ++add separate entry under materials 2.3.1.3.1(constitution, substance) ; entry for types of cloth and other materials for garments -->
	#225. Clothing. -- N. {{plural}} {{has_subtype(covering &c. 223)}} {{has_subtype(personal display, @R880)}} clothing, clothes, garments, apparel, wearing apparel, attire, investment[obs3]; dress, raiment, drapery.
	wardrobe, trousseau, things, guise, toilet, toilette, trim.
	threads[coll.], duds[coll.].
	{{singular}} garment, garb, item of clothing, piece of clothing; vesture, vestment.
	array; tailoring, millinery; finery &c. (ornament) 847; full dress &c. (show) 882; garniture; theatrical properties.
	uniform.
	civilian clothes, mufti.
	suit; neckwear.
	accoutrement, accouterment, accoutrements, accessory, accessories, gear, equipment, harness, turn-out, caparison, rigging, trappings, traps, slops.
	{{has_subtype(accessory)}} belt; suspenders; sash; pocketbook, handbag.
	togs, toggery[obs3]; day wear, night wear; designer clothes.
	costume, masquerade.
	outfit, get-up, ensemble.
	{{part_of}} disguise.
	robe.
	{{has_subtype(robe)}} bathrobe; housecoat; dressing gown, lounging robe, robe de chambre; kimono; caftan.
	top.
	{{has_subtype(top)}} shirt.
	{[of(woman)]} {{has_subtype(top)}}  halter; blouse; middy, middy blouse.
	{{has_subtype(dressing gown)}} negligee, neglige, peignoir.
	{[of(female)]} dress, frock; blouse; skirt.
	{{has_subtype(top)}} {{has_part(dress)}} bodice.
	{{has_subtype(gown)}} evening gown, dinner gown, tea gown; ballroom gown.
	{{has_subtype(dress)}} party dress; gown; cocktail dress, sheath; jumper; muumuu, muu-muu, Mother Hubbard; dirndl.
	pinafore.
	{{has_subtype: coat, P2.3.1.3.5.1}}.
	{{has_subtype: headwear, P2.3.1.3.5.2}}.
	{{has_subtype: underwear, P2.3.1.3.5.3}}.
	{{has_subtype: shoe, P2.3.1.3.5.4}}.
	{{has_subtype: jewelry, P2.3.1.3.6.8}}.
	{{has_subtype(uniform)}} livery; military uniform; school uniform; work clothes, habiliment, habiliments, palliament[obs1].
	{{has_subtype(military uniform)}}  regimentals; continentals [Am. Hist.]; fatigues; combat outfit, combat uniform; dress uniform; parade uniform; jump suit.
	{{has_subtype(combat outfit)}} olive drab; camouflage outfit; field gray.
	{{has_part(combat outfit)}} helmet.
	{{has_subtype(work clothes): @999, ecclesiastical attire, canonicals, habit}}.
	{{has_subtype(work clothes): protective garment, protective gear}}.
	{{has_subtype(work clothes)}} policeman's uniform; policewoman's uniform; fireman's uniform, fire fighter's uniform; surgical gown.
	{[of(man)]} {{has_subtype(suit)}} {{part_of(trousers + jacket)}} business suit, western-style business suit; zoot suit; liesure suit; double breasted suit; single breasted suit; tuxedo, formal suit.
	{[of(woman)]} {{has_subtype(suit)}} {{part_of(skirt + jacket)}} ladies' suit, woman's suit.
	{{has_subtype(skirt)}} gathered skirt, dirndl; farthingale, jupe[obs3], crinoline, hoopskirt, bustle; apron, panier, pinafore; sarong.
	{{has_subtype(skirt)}} {{constitutes(grass)}} grass skirt.
	{{has_subtype(skirt)}} {{part_of(constriction)}} hobble skirt.
	{[of(man)]} {{has_subtype(skirt)}} kilt, Scotsman's kilt.
	{{&has_part(business suit)}} vest.
	dishabille, morning dress, undress.
	lungi[obs3]; shooting-coat.
	rags, tatters, old clothes.
	mourning, weeds; slippers.
	veil.
	bloomer, bloomers; chaqueta[obs3], songtag[Ger], tablier[obs3].
	pants, trousers, trowsers[obs3], overalls.
	{{has_subtype(trousers)}} knickers, knickerbockers; philibeg[obs3], fillibeg[obs3]; jeans, blue jeans, dungarees, denims; slacks; chinos; jodphurs, riding breeches.
	{{has_subtype(pants)}} shorts; Bermuda shorts.
	{{has_subtype(skirt)}} {{has_subtype(pants)}}  culottes.
	{[of(woman)]} {{has_subtype(suit)}} pants suit.
	{[has_instance(jeans)]} Levis; Calvin Klein, Calvins; Bonjour; Gloria Vanderbilt; Guess.
	shirt, sark[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(shirt)}} long-sleeve shirt; short-sleeve shirt; dress shirt; polo shirt; T-shirt, tee shirt, jersey..
	{{has_part(shirt)}} collar; sleeve.
	{{has_subtype(collar)}} button-down collar.
	{{&has_part(collar)}} stay, collar stay.
	body clothes; linen; hickory shirt [U.S.]; smock, shift, chemise; night gown, negligee, dressing gown, night shirt, pajamas; bedgown[obs3], sac de nuit[Fr].
	sweater, jersey; cardigan; turtleneck, pullover; sweater vest.
	{{has_subtype(neckwear)}} necktie, tie;  ruff, cravat, stock; scarf; bib, tucker; boa; collar.
	cummerbund, rumal[obs3], rabat[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(necktie)}} bowtie; string tie.
	{{has_subtype(scarf)}} kerchief, neckerchief, neckcloth[obs3]; muffler; stole; lambrequin; boa, feather boa.
	{[of(woman)]}{{has_subtype(scarf)}} {{property_of(triangularity)}} fichu.
	handkerchief.
	{{has_subtype(cravat)}} ascot.
	stocking, hose, hosiery, socks, gaskins[obs3], trunk hose, sock; hosiery; knee sock; over-the-calf sock; tights, maillot.
	{[of(woman)]} {{has_subtype(stocking)}} nylons, nylon stocking; silk stocking; pantyhose, panty-hose.
	handwear.
	{{has_subtype(handwear)}} glove; muff.
	{{has_subtype(glove)}}  gauntlet, gauntlets; mitten, mittens; kid glove; suede glove.
	{{has_subtype(glove)}} {{has_subtype(work clothes)}} baseball glove, mitt, baseball mitt; boxing glove; gauntlet, metal glove; asbestos glove; work glove.
	{{has_subtype(baseball mitt)}} catcher's mitt; fielder's mitt; first baseman's mitt.
	{{has_part(shirt)}} cuff, wristband, sleeve.
	swaddling cloth, baby linen, layette; ice wool; taffeta.
	pocket handkerchief, hanky[obs3], hankie.
	bathing suit, swimwear.
	{{has_subtype(bathing suit)}} one-piece suit, one-piece; two-piece suit; bikini; bathing trunks, trunks.
	{{job_of(sell clothes): @P2.3.2.3.2.3.1.2, clothier, tailor, milliner, haberdasher}}.
	[underpants for babies] diaper, nappy[Brit]; disposable diaper, cloth diaper; [brand names for diapers] Luvs, Huggies.
<-- generic terms for envelope at P1.2.3 Location  -->
	V. invest; cover &c. 223; envelope, lap, involve; inwrap[obs3], enwrap; wrap; fold up, wrap up, lap up, muffle up; overlap; sheath, swathe, swaddle, roll up in, circumvest.
	vest, clothe, array, dress, dight[obs3], drape, robe, enrobe, attire, apparel, accounter[obs3], rig, fit out; deck &c. (ornament) 847; perk, equip, harness, caparison.
	wear; don; put on, huddle on, slip on; mantle.
	Adj. clothed, arrayed, dressed, clad, invested.
	habited; dighted[obs3]; barbed, barded; costume, chausse[Fr]; en grande tenue &c. (show) 882[Fr].
	shod.
	sartorial.
<-- chlamys[obs3], housing??  -->
	Phr. "the soul of this man is his clothes" [All's Well]; "clothes make the man"; "dress for success".

P2.3.1.3.5.1 Coat
	N. coat,.
	claw coat, hammer coat, Prince Albert coat[obs3].
	tuxedo coat, frock coat, dress coat, tail coat.
	plaid, muffler, comforter.
	{{property_of(armless)}} cloak, pall, mantle,  mantua[obs3], shawl, pelisse; wrap, wrapper; cape, tippet, mantilla, mantlet, mantelet, tabard, talma[obs3], kirtle[obs3]; shawl.
	overcoat, surcoat, great coat, paletot[obs3], surtout[Fr], spencer[obs3]; chesterfield; swallowtailed coat, swallowtail.
	{{property_of(waterproof)}}  raincoat; oilskin, slicker; trench coat.
	mackinaw, Mackinaw coat; box coat; cutaway; frock coat.
	{{property_of(short)}} sack, sacque, sack coat; jacket, waistcoat.
	dolman.
	fur, fur coat.
	{{has_subtype(fur coat)}} mink, mink coat; sable, sable coat; raccoon coat.
	{{has_subtype(cloak)}} haik, huke[obs1], burnoose, burnous, , roquelaure[obs3]; serape; toga; tunic.
	{{has_subtype(cloak)}} {{part_of(hood)}} capuchin; domino.
	horse cloth; houppelande[Fr].
	{{has_subtype(cape)}} mackintosh, waterproof; poncho.
	{{has_subtype(jacket)}} jerkin; car coat; doublet, camisole, gabardine.
	{{has_subtype(jacket)}} ulster, P-coat, pea coat, pea jacket, dreadnought, dreadnaught; poncho, cardinal, wraprascal[obs3], pelerine[obs3]; oilskins, barbe[obs3], chudder[obs3], jubbah[obs3]; pilot jacket, bomber jacket; bolero.
	{{has_subtype(jacket)}} {{part_of(hood)}} parka, ski jacket, windbreaker, anorak.
	{{has_subtype(jacket)}} blazer, sports jacket; Eton jacket; lounging jacket, smoking jacket.

P2.3.1.3.5.2  Headwear
	N. headwear, headdress, headgear, head cover.
	{[of(woman)]} millinery.
	hat; wig, hairpiece; cap; head cover.
	mask, domino.
	{{has_subtype(hat)}} {{property_of(foreign)}} chaepau[Fr]; kaffiyeh; sombrero; jam, tam-o-shanter, topi, sola topi[Lat], pagri[obs3], puggaree[obs3]; caftan, turban; fez, tarboosh[obs3]; kepi[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(hat)}} forage cap, bearskin; fishing hat; military hat; fur hat; dress hat;  bonnet, wideawake, billycock[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(hat)}} {{property_of(collapsible)}}  crush hat.
	{{has_subtype(bonnet)}} poke bonnet; sunbonnet, sunhat.
	{{has_subtype(hat)}} boater, leghorn; panama, Panama; sailor; skimmer; straw hat; bowler hat, bowler, derby, plug hat; campaign hat; cavalier hat, slouch hat, wide-brimmed hat; cocked hat, bicorn, bicorne; tricorn, tricorne; cowboy hat, ten-gallon hat; dunce cap, dunce's cap; fedora, felt hat, homburg, Stetson, trilby; tyrolean; porkpie, porkpie hat; pith hat, pith helmet, sun helmet, topee.
	{[of(man)]} {{has_subtype(dress hat)}} stovepipe hat, high hat, top hat, opera hat, topper, silk hat, tile.
	{[of(man)]} {{has_subtype(dress hat)}} {{has_subtype(fur hat)}} beaver, beaver hat, castor.
	{{has_subtype(fur hat)}}  coonskin cap.
	{{has_subtype(head cover)}} wimple.
	{{has_subtype(head cover)}} hood; kerchief, snood, babushka; crown; diadem, tiara.
	{{has_subtype(headdress): crown &c. (circle) 247}}.
	{{has_subtype(headdress): helmet &c. 717}}.
	{[of(man)]} {{has_subtype(wig)}} toupee, toupe, chignon, pelt[coll.], rug[coll.], front; peruke, periwig.
	{{has_subtype(cap)}} baseball cap, jockey cap; bathing cap, swimming cap; skullcap; Balmoral, balmoral;beanie, beany; coif; skull cap, yarmulka, yarmulke, yarmelke; beret; biggin; biretta; watch cap; liberty cap; cloth cap, flat cap; garrison cap, glengary, overseas cap; kepi, peaked cap, service cap, yachting cap; mobcap, mob-cap; mortarboard; nightcap; pinner; ski cap, stocking cap; tam, tam-o'-shanter; toboggan cap.
	{{has_subtype(military hat)}} shako, csako[obs3], busby.
	{{has_subtype(helmet)}} hard hat, tin hat, safety hat; headpiece; crash helmet; football helmet; batting helmet.
	{[of(woman)]} {{has_subtype(hood)}} calash, caleche.

P2.3.1.3.5.3  Underwear
	N. underclothes, underclothing, underwear.
	nightclothes.
	{[of(woman)]} silks; slip; brassiere; stomacher; petticoat;  under waistcoat; night gown.
	{[of(woman)]} brassiere, bra, bandeau.
	{{has_subtype(brassiere)}} strapless bra; uplift bra, push-up bra.
	{{has_part(brassiere)}} cup; strap.
	{{property_of(surrounding, R227/encirclement, R247}} {{function_of(support)}} corset, corselet, girdle, corsage[obs2].
	{{has_subtype(corset)}} {{part_of(reinforcement)}} stays.
	{[of(man)]}  jock, athletic supporter, jockstrap; underpants, breeches, shorts, briefs; undershirt.
	{{has_subtype(underpants)}} jockey shorts; boxer shorts; long johns.
	{{has_subtype(undershirt)}} T-shirt, tee shirt; athletic T-shirt, guinea T[coll.].
	pantaloons, smalls, small clothes; shintiyan[obs2]; tights, drawers, panties, panty, pantie, scanties, unmentionables, inexpressibles[obs3].

P2.3.1.3.5.4  Shoe
	shoe.
	{{has_subtype(shoe)}} pump, boot, slipper, sandal.
	{{has_subtype(shoe)}} galoshes, rubbers, galoche[obs3], patten, clog; sneaker, running shoe, track shoe; hiking boots; high-low; Blucher boot, wellington boot, Hessian boot, jack boot, top boot; Balmoral[obs3]; arctics, brogan, chaparajos[obs3]; chavar[obs3], chivarras[obs3], chivarros[obs3]; gums [U.S.], larrigan [obs3][N. Am.], showshoe, stogy[obs3], veldtschoen[Ger], legging, buskin, greave[obs3], galligaskin[obs3], gamache[obs3], gamashes[obs3], moccasin, gambado, gaiter, spatterdash[obs3], brogue, antigropelos[obs3].
	{{origin_of(Japan)}} zori, zoris.
	{[of(baby)]} bootee, bootie, bootikin[obs3].

P2.3.1.3.5.5   Protective Garment
	N. protective garment.
	mask, face mask; shin guard, shin pad; body pad; chest protector; shoulder pad; arm guard, arm pad; elbow pad; wrist pad; hip pad; thigh pad; knee pad; throat protector; apron; jumpers; duster, coverall, , coveralls, boilers suit, gaberdine; smock; overalls; foul-weather gear; diving suit; pressure suit.
	{{has_subtype(pressure suit)}} space suit; anti-G suit, G suit.
	body suit; laboratory coat, lab coat.
	{{has_subtype(mask)}} fencer's mask; welder's mask; catcher's mask; goalie's mask.
	protective goggles, safety goggles, safety glasses.

<--- the "image at R554 is an abstract image.  These entries are the concrete physical objects which are subtypes of that image. (The alternatives are mental images)  -->
P2.3.1.3.6  Visual representation
	N. {{has_subtype(image, @R554)}} visual representation.
	fine art; useful art.
	{{has_subtype(fine art)}} art, work of art, opus, artwork, piece of artwork.
	{{has_subtype(useful art)}} {{property_of(utilitarian): graphic, P2.3.1.3.6.9}}.
	{{has_subtype}} {{property_of(excellent)}} magnum opus.

<-- INcludes non-utilitarian and utilitarian objects  objects (symb. POART) R556 to R558
 also R847, Ornament and R847a Jewelry  -->
<--  ref M3.3.2.2   DISCRIMINATIVE  AFFECTIONS (beauty etc)   -->
<--  photography should be separated from painting  -->
<-- note: moving picture is under 448, appearance, "cinematograph" -
  move it here, as separate form of art - the film, cinema.
   Here the "painting" entry is the physical object; in Roget it was the action.  In this hierarchy, the corresponding actions are mostly found under representation, R554, @M8.1.3.2.2.
  [[picture]] -->
P2.3.1.3.6.1  Picture
	#556. Picture.
	N. {{has_subtype(physical object)}} {{formed_by(representation, R554, @M8.1.3.2.2)}} {{&has_subtype(ornament, P2.3.1.3.6.7)}} picture, image; representation, rendering, depiction.
	{{representation_of: subject}}.
	{{formed_by(painting, @R554, @M8.1.3.2.2)}} {{has_subtype(art, P2.3.1.3.6)}} painting.
	drawing.
	{{has_subtype(art, P2.3.1.3.6)}} {{constitutes(pebbles/stones)}} mosaic.
	{{has_subtype(art, P2.3.1.3.6)}} {{constitutes(cloth)}} tapestry.
	{{has_subtype(art, P2.3.1.3.6)}} fresco; cartoon.
	{{has_subtype(painting)}} {{location_of(wall surface)}} mural.
	monochrome, polychrome; grisaille[Fr].
	{[of(person)]} {{has_subtype(art, P2.3.1.3.6)}} portrait.
	{[of(person)]} likeness, semblance.
	{{has_subtype(likeness)}} striking likeness, speaking likeness; very image; effigy.
	{{has_subtype(copy, R21)}} copy; facsimile; stencil.
	{{has_subtype(replicate, @R21)}} print.
	{{has_subtype(facsimile)}} telefax, fax, fax copy.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.6.6, engraving; lithograph; etching}}.
	{{has_subtype(painting)}} water color, water color drawing, water color painting; aquatint.
	{{has_subtype(art, P2.3.1.3.6)}} {{property_of(religious + stylized)}} icon, ikon.
	{{formed_by(drawing):  drawing, @R554, @M8.1.3.2.2}}.
	{{formed_by(print)}} printing.
	{{has_subtype(print)}} silk screen
	tableau, piece[Fr], canvas; oil, oil painting; easel picture, cabinet picture.
	{{has_subtype(drawing)}} line drawing; pencil drawing; charcoal drawing, charcoal sketch; pen-and-ink drawing.
	shade, silhouette, shadow.
	sketch, outline, study, drought, draft; rough sketch, rough draft, preliminary sketch.
	{{has_subtype(portrait)}} whole length, full length, half length; kitcat, head; miniature, miniature painting; profile.
	{{has_subtype(painting)}} landscape, landscape painting; panorama, scene, view, prospect, scene painting; scenography[obs3]; seascape, waterscape, marine painting, seapiece[obs3]; still life, flower painting.
	diorama.
	{{has_conceptual_part}} design; perspective, sciagraphy[obs3], skiagraphy[obs3]; composition; treatment.
	{{has_conceptual_part(painting)}} style, painting style, style of painting, genre; school.
	{{has_subtype(genre)}} abstractionism, abstract art; cubism; genre painting; abstract expressionism; expressionism; impressionism; landscape; pointilism; primitivism; realism; surrealism; modernism.
	{{has_subtype(painting style)}} 
	{{has_subtype}} {{&has_part(document)}} {{has_subtype(ornament, R846)}} illumination; vignette, initial letter, cul de lampe[Fr], tailpiece.
	{{has_subtype}} {{&has_part(document)}} {{&has_subtype(ornament, R846)}} illustration.
	{{has_subtype(illustration): @P2.3.1.3.6.9, graphic; chart; graph}}.
	{{has_subtype: copying &c. R21}}.
	{{has_subtype(painting)}} historical painting; portrait painting.
	{{&located_in}} picture gallery, exhibit.
	{{has_subtype(cartoon)}} comic strip.
<--  ; pinacotheca[obs3].  -->
	{{uses(painting, @R554): pallet, palette; easel; brush; ink; pencil, stump; black lead; charcoal; crayons; chalk, pastel; watercolor, body color; oil color, oils, oil paints; priming; gouache, tempera, distemper, fresco, water glass; enamel; encaustic painting}}.
	V. {{has_subtype(represent, R554): paint; draw}}.
	Adj. pictured, depicted, drawn.
	painted.
	pictorial, graphic.
	picturesque.
	copied; faxed.
	penciled.
	Adv. in pencil &c. n.
	Phr. fecit[Lat], delineavit[Lat]; mutum est pictura poema[Lat]; "one picture is worth a thousand words".

<-- ISA relations to : recording medium, entertainment, entertainment devices -->

P2.3.1.3.6.2  Photograph
	#556a. Photograph.
	N. photograph, snapshot, photo, picture.
	color photograph, color photo.
	{{alternative_to(color photograph)}} black-and-white photograph, black and white photo, monochrome.
	heliograph; daguerreotype, talbotype[obs3], calotype[obs3], heliotype[obs3].
	negative, negative image; positive, positive image.
	X-ray photo, X-ray, x-ray.
	{{property_of(multiplicity)}} montage; mosaic.
	{{has_subtype(positive)}} print.
	{{has_subtype(print)}}  glossy print; matte print.
	{{property_of(larger)}} enlargement, blow-up; life-size print; close-up; photomicrograph; electron micrograph.
	{{property_of(smaller)}} reduction; microfiche, fiche.
	instant photo, Polaroid photo, Polaroid; photocopy.
	{{has_subtype(color photo)}} technicolor, Kodachrome, Ektachrome.
	{{studied_in}} photography, heliography, color photography.
	sun painting.
	{{property_of(translucent)}} slide, slide photo, transparency; lantern slide.
	{{has_subtype(slide)}} glass slide; plastic slide, celluloid slide.
	{{has_representation(tridimensionality)}} holograph, three-dimensional photograph; stereo, stero photo, stereoscopic photograph.
	{{formed_by(holograph): holography}}.
	{{forms(autoradiography, @R554)}} autoradiograph[Bioch].
	{{forms(fluorography, @R554)}} fluorograph[Chem].
	{{&contained_in}} photo album.
	{{&contained_in(slide)}} slide tray.
	{{derived_from}} photographic film, film, unused film, undeveloped film; photographic plate.
	{{has_part(photographic film/photographic plate)}} emulsion, photographic emulsion; backing.
	{{has_component(photographic emulsion)}} silver halide; photographic dye.
	{{has_subtype(photographic film)}} film roll, roll of film.
	{{needs(photography): camera, @P2.3.1.3.12.2.2}}.
	{{contained_in(film roll)}} canister, film canister, film casette, magazine.
	{{has_part(film canister)}} spool.

P2.3.1.3.6.6.1  Printing  
	{{forprinting.
	plate printing, copperplate printing, anastatic printing[obs3], color printing, lithographic printing.
	type printing &c. 591.
	{{has_subtype(color printing)}} three-color process.
	half tone; photogravure.

P2.3.1.3.6.3  Movies
	#556b. Movie.
	N. {{representation(motion)}} movie, motion picture, moving picture, flick[coll.], picture, picture show; movies.
	{{studied_in}} cinema, the film.
	video recording, video tape, video.
	TV image, video image, televideo, closed-circuit TV.
	movie film, movie scan.
	{{needs(movie): movie camera, @P2.3.1.3.12.2.2}}.
	{{needs(video): video camera, @P2.3.1.3.12.2.2}}.
	{{created_by: director, film director}}.

P2.3.1.3.6.4  Computer Graphic
	#556c.  Computer Graphics.
	N. computer graphics, graphics.
	{{needs}} graphics program.
	image file.

P2.3.1.3.6.5  Sculpture
	#557. Sculpture. -- N. {{forms(sculpture, @R554}}  sculpture, insculpture[obs1].
	carving; statue, statuary, statuette.
	{{has_subtype(copy, R21)}} cast; mold.
	relief.
	{{has_subtype(relief)}} high relief, low relief, bas relief[Fr]; relieve; bassorilievo[obs3], altorilievo[obs3], mezzorilievo[obs3]; intaglio, anaglyph[obs3]; medal, medallion; coin; cameo.
	marble; bronze; terra cotta[Sp].
	papier-mache; ceramic ware, pottery, earthenware.
	{{has_subtype(ceramic ware)}} porcelain, china.
	cloisonne, enamel; faience; satsuma.
	{{has_part(building)}} frieze.
	{{property_of(ancient)}} {{has_instance(statue)}} David; Laocoon; Venus, Aphrodite, Venus de Milo; Discobolos.
	{{has_representation(person)}} doll; figurine; lace doll, aglet[obs3], aglet baby[obs3]; manikin, mannequin, mannikin, lay-figure; model; puppet, marionette, mammet[obs1]; mechanical doll, mechanical puppet, fantoccini; waxwork.
	{{has_subtype(puppet)}} hand puppet.
	{{has_subtype(statue)}} bust.
	{{&has_location}} art gallery, glyptotheca[obs3]; museum.
	V. sculpture, sculpt, carve, cut, chisel.
	{[of(wood)]} whittle.
	model.
	mold; cast.
	Adj. sculptural; sculpturesque.
	sculptured, sculpted, chiseled; whittled; molded, cast; chased, enchased, embossed.
	in relief; carved, anaglyptic[obs3].
	ceramic, ceroplastic[obs3]; marble, parian[obs3].
<--  {{has_subtype(marble)}} xanthian[obs3].  -->

<-- engraving includes photo printing by half-tone, etc -->
P2.3.1.3.6.6  Engraving
	#558. Engraving.
	N. {{forms(engraving, @R554}} engraving, chalcography[obs3]; line engraving, mezzotint engraving, mezzotint; stipple engraving, chalk engraving.
	dry point, bur.
	etching, aquatinta[obs3]; chiseling; plate engraving, copperplate engraving, steel engraving; wood engraving, xylography, lignography[obs3]; lithography, glyptography[obs3], cerography[obs3], chromolithography[obs3]; photolithography, zinc lithography, zincography[obs3], glyphography.
	lithograph.
	{{has_subtype(lithograph)}} chromolithograph, photolithograph; zinc lithograph, zincograph[obs3]; wood lithograph,  xylograph, lignograph[obs3], glyptograph[obs3], cerograph[obs3], glyphograph[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(lithograph)}} {{has_representation(tridimensionality)}} holograph.
	{{forms}} plate; wood block.
	{{has_subtype(plate)}} steelplate, copperplate; woodblock.
	{{used_in(plate): printing, @R554}}.
	{{forms(printing)}} impression, print, engraving; cut, woodcut.
	{{has_subtype(print)}} etching; mezzotint, aquatint, lithotint[obs3]; stereotype, graphotype[obs3], autotype[obs3], heliotype[obs3].
	{{uses(engraving, @R554)}} graver, burin[obs3], etching point, style.
	stone.
	{{has_property(plate)}} negative.
	{{function_of(stamping)}} die, stamp.
	{{function_of(punching, @M7.3.1.1.2):  punch, @P2.3.1.3.12.4.1}}.
	[person who inscribes on stone] lapidary, lapidarian.
	V. engrave, grave, stipple, scrape, etch; bite, bite in; lithograph &c., n.; print.
	Adj. engraved, etched, lithographed, insculptured[obs3].
	{{similar_to(sculpted, @P2.3.1.3.6.5)}} chiseled.
	[of inscriptions on stone]  lapidary.
	Phr. sculpsit[Lat], imprimit[Lat].

<--  [[ornament]] [[decoration]]
P2.3.1.3.6.7  Ornament
	#847. Ornament. -- N. ornament, ornamentation, ornamental art; ornature[obs3], ornateness; adornment, decoration, embellishment; architecture; jewelry &c. 847a.
	{[of(wood)]} {{has_subtype(coating, P1.2.2.3.1.3.1):  garnish, polish, varnish, French polish, japanning, lacquer; veneer, inlay.
	{{has_subtype(inlay)}} boulle.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.6.1, painting, drawing}}.
	{[of(metal)]} {{has_subtype(coating, P1.2.2.3.1.3.1): gilding, plate, plating, ormolu, enamel, cloisonne}}.
	{{of(person)]} {{has_subtype(coating, P1.2.2.3.1.3.1) cosmetics, makeup.
	{{has_subtype(cosmetics)}} eye shadow[list], rouge, face powder, lipstick, blush.
	{{has_subtype: design, pattern, @P2.3.1.3.6.7.1}}.
	{{&has_part(wall, @P2.3.1.3.10.2)}} paneling, graining, pargeting[obs3].
	{{&has_part(wall, @P2.3.1.3.10.2): molding}}.
	{{has_subtype(molding)}} fillet, listel[obs3]; fillet and fascia; sunk fillet; quarter round, ovolo; greek key; bead; reed; cavetto; scotia; conge; ogee, cyma; cyma reversa; beak; splay.
	{{has_subtype(molding)}} {{&has_part(column)}} torus.
	flower arrangement, floral decoration.
	{{has_subtype(flower arrangement)}} bouquet, corsage, posy, nosegay; festoon, daisy chain, flower chain; spray; wreath, garland, coronal, chaplet, lei; crown.
	{{has_subtype(wreath)}} {{has_metaphor(victory)}} laurel wreath.
	{[of(food)]} garnish.
	{[of(property/land)]} foliage, landscaping.
	{[of(wall)]} tapestry, arras, hanging.
	strapwork[obs3], coquillage[Fr], flourish, fleur-de-lis[Fr], arabesque, fret, anthemion[obs3]; egg and tongue, egg and dart; astragal[obs3], zigzag, acanthus, cartouche; pilaster &c. (projection) 250; bead, beading; champleve ware[Fr], cloisonne ware; frost work, Moresque[Lat], Morisco, tooling.
	{{has_subtype(cloth)}} {{property_of(flatness)}} embroidery; brocade, brocatelle[obs3], galloon, lace; hanging, tapestry, arras; millinery, ermine; drap d'or[Fr].
	border, edging, trimming, fringe, trapping.
	{{property_of(flatness)}} tape, ribbon.
	{{has_subtype(border)}} {{has_subtype(cloth)}} gimp.
	{{constitutes(plant)}} wreath, festoon, garland, chaplet, flower, nosegay, bouquet, posy, "daisies pied and violets blue" 
	tassel[L.L.L.], knot; shoulder knot, apaulette[obs3], epaulet, aigulet[obs3], frog; star, rosette, bow; feather, plume, pompom[obs3], panache, aigrette.
	finery, frippery, gewgaw, gimcrack, tinsel, spangle, clinquant[obs3], pinchbeck, paste; excess of ornament &c. (vulgarity) 851; gaud, pride.
	{[of(document)]} {{has_subtype(engraving, R846): illustration, illumination, vignette, initial letter, cul de lampe[Fr], tailpiece}}.
	fleuron[obs3]; head piece[Fr], tail piece[Fr]; cul-de-lampe[Fr]; flowers of rhetoric &c. 577; work of art.
	V. [transitive: add ornament, render ornate]
	ornament, embellish, enrich, decorate, adorn, bead, beautify, adonize[obs3].
	[of a surface] smarten, furbish, polish, gild, varnish, whitewash, enamel, japan, lacquer, paint, grain; antique; veneer; plate.
	garnish, dizen[obs3], bedizen, prink[obs3], prank; trick out, fig out; deck, bedeck, dight[obs3], bedight[obs3], array; begawd[obs3], titivate[obs3]; dress, dress up; spangle, bespangle, powder.
	[of cloth] embroider, work; trim; chase, emboss, fret, emblazon.
	[of text] illuminate; illustrate.
	become &c. (accord with) 23.
	Adj. ornamented, beautified &c. v.; ornate, rich, gilt, begilt[obs3], tesselated, festooned; champleve[Fr], cloisonne, topiary.
	smart, gay, trickly[obs3], flowery, glittering; new gilt, new spangled; fine as a Mayday queen, fine as a fivepence[obs3], fine as a carrot fresh scraped; pranked out, bedight[obs3], well-groomed.
	in full dress &c. (fashion) 852; dressed to kill, dressed to the nines, dressed to advantage; in Sunday best, en grand tenue[Fr], en grande toilette[Fr]; in best bib and tucker, endimanche[Fr].
	showy, flashy; gaudy &c. (vulgar) 851; garish, gairish[obs2]; gorgeous.
	ornamental, decorative; becoming &c. (accordant) 23.

P2.3.1.3.6.7.1  Design
	N. {{location_of(surface, P1.2.2.3.1.1)}} design, pattern, figure; surface pattern.
	weave; emblem.
	trefoil; cinquefoil; vermiculation.
	diaper, tracery, powdering; detail; repousse (convexity) 250.
	{{has_property: texture &c. 329}}.
	{{has_property}} richness.
	{{has_subtype(emblem)}}  colors, colours; flag; skull and crossbones; coat of arms, arms, blazon, blazonry; crest; device; totem.
	{{part_of(totem)}} totem pole.
	{{has_subtype(flag)}} banner, streamer; ensign, colors, colours; white flag, flag of truce; pennant, pennon, streamer, waft; standard; jack; Union Jack, Union flag; yellow jack; black flag, pirate flag, Jolly Roger.
	{{has_subtype(device)  union; charge, bearing, heraldic bearing, armorial bearing.
	{{has_subtype(heraldic bearing)}} annulet, roundel; fleur-de-lis; chevron; ordinary; bend, bend dexter; bend sinister; fesse, fess.
	{{has_subtype(emblem)}} {{has_part(crossing, R219)}} cross.
	{{has_subtype(cross)}}   Greek cross; Latin cross; avellan cross; botonee cross; Calvary cross, cross of Calvary; fleury cross; formee cross; moline cross; crosslet; potent cross; patriarchal cross; papal cross; Celtic cross; Maltese cross; Lorraine cross, cross of Lorraine; tau cross, St. Anthony's cross; St. Andrew's cross, saltire; Jerusalem cross; crucifix, rood.

P2.3.1.3.6.7.2  Jewelry
	#847a. Jewelry -- N.   [ornaments worn by people on the body][general] jewel, jewelry, jewellery[obs3]; bijoutry[obs2]; bijou, bijouterie[Fr]; trinket; fine jewelry; costume jewelry.
	{{&has_part}} gem; gemstone, precious stone.
	necklace; bracelet; anklet; earring; locket, pendant, charm bracelet; ring, pinky ring; carcanet[obs3]; chain, chatelaine; broach, pin, lapel pin, torque.
	{{has_subtype(gem)}} gemstone.
	{{has_subtype(gemstone)}}  diamond, brilliant, rock[coll.]; beryl, emerald;  chalcedony, agate, heliotrope; girasol[obs3], girasole[obs3]; onyx, plasma; sard[obs3], sardonyx; garnet, lapis lazuli, opal, peridot[ISA:gemstone], tourmaline , chrysolite; sapphire, ruby, synthetic ruby; spinel, spinelle; balais[obs3]; oriental, oriental topaz; turquois[obs3], turquoise; zircon, cubic zirconia; jacinth, hyacinth, carbuncle, amethyst; alexandrite[obs3], cat's eye, bloodstone, hematite, jasper, moonstone, sunstone[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(gem)}} {{processed_into(animal)}} pearl, cultured pearl, fresh-water pearl; mother of pearl; coral; ivory.
	{{sold_by(jewelry): jeweler, @P2.3.2.3.2.3.1}}.
	{{created_by(gem): @P2.3.2.3.2.3.8, lapidary, lapidarian}}.
	{{studied_in(gemstone)}} gemology, gemmology; minerology.
	{{job_of(gemology, @P2.3.1.3.6.7.2): gemologist; minerologist}}.
	V. shine like a diamond.
	Adj. bejeweled; diamond &c. n..
	gemological.

<-- the following entry is for utilitarian graphics, such as scientific or business graphics to illustrate a text  [[graphic]]   -->
P2.3.1.3.6.9  Graphic
	N.  {{property_of(utilitarian)}} graphic.
	chart; graph; engineering drawing, mechanical drawing; diagram; architectural rendering.
	{{has_subtype(architectural rendering)}} plan; blueprint; floor plan; ground plan; elevation.
	{{has_subtype: @R531, advertisement, ad}}.
	{{has_subtype(chart)}} pie chart; bar chart.
	survey, land survey, plot, plat.

P2.3.1.3.7  Sacred (Religious, mystical) objects (symb. POREL)
	N. sacred object; religious object.
	{{similar_to:  @R993, talisman, charm}}.
	relic.
	rosary beads; holy water; cross, crucifix.
	{{has_subtype: icon, @P2.3.1.3.6.1}}.

P2.3.1.3.8    cushion
	N. {{property_of(soft)}} cushion.
	air cushion, inflatable cushion; pillow; mattress; pincushion; pad; powder puff, puff.
	chair cushion.
	{{has_subtype(pillow)}} bed pillow; bolster, long pillow.
	{{has_subtype(mattress)}}  air mattress, airbed, air-bed; foam mattress; feather bed; futon; pallet; tick; water bed.
	packing material.
	{{function_of(shock protection, @R554)}} bumper; shock absorber.

P2.3.1.3.9   Container
	N.  container.
	{{location_of: contents, R190, @P1.2.3.2}}.
	{{has_part: stopper, R263, @P2.3.1.3.11}}.

P2.3.1.3.9.1   Containers Generally   [[container]]
	#191. Receptacle. -- N.  {{has_subtype(inclosure, R232)}} {{contained_in(matter)}} receptacle, container; recipient, receiver, reservatory.
	{{has_part(container)}} dead space, ullage, unused capacity.
	{{property_of(flexible)}} bag, sac, sack, saccule.
	vessel; box; pot; bin; cassette; cylinder; dispenser; envelope; luggage, baggage; storage ring; bag, handbag, pocketbook, purse; magnetic bottle, magnetic containment vessel; manger, trough; mold, mould, form, cast, cut.
	{{constitutes(metal)}} can, tin, tin can; canister, cannister, tin.
	{{has_subtype(pot): @P2.3.1.3.1.3.1, cooking pot, pan}}.
	{{has_subtype(purse)}} evening bag.
	{{has_subtype(pot)}} flowerpot.
	{{has_subtype(dispenser)}}  atomizer, atomiser, spray; aerosol, aerosol can; pump dispenser, pump; slinger ring; inhaler.
	{{has_subtype(envelope)}} window envelope; self-addressed stamped envelope, SASE; postage-paid envelope; manila envelope; letter-sized envelope; legal-sized envelope, legal envelope.
	briefcase; attache case.
	compartment; cell, cellule; follicle; hole, corner, niche, recess, nook; crypt, stall, pigeonhole, cove, oriel; cave &c. (concavity) 252.
	capsule, vesicle, cyst, pod, calyx, cancelli, utricle, bladder; pericarp, udder.
	{{function_of(disposal)}} disposal receptacle.
	{{has_subtype(disposal receptacle)}} waste basket, waste bucket; ashtray; chamber pot, potty, thunder mug; spittoon, cuspidor; dustpan.
	{{function_of(deposit)}}  hopper; plate, collection plate; maildrop; save-all; coin box.
	socket, electric socket; wall socket, wall plug, electric outlet, electric receptacle; outlet box; socket.
	tray.
	{{has_subtype(tray) cheeseboard, cheese tray; tea tray; turntable, lazy Susan.
	{{has_part(animal)}} {{has_function(digestion): stomach, paunch, venter, ventricle, crop, craw, maw, gizzard, breadbasket; mouth}}.
	{{has_subtype(luggage)}}  backpack, rucksack, knapsack, haversack; kitbag, kit bag; traveling bag, bag, grip, suitcase; trunk; portmanteau, band-box, valise, Gladstone, Gladstone bag, gladstone, gladstone; saddlebag.
	{{has_subtype(can)}} steel can; aluminum can; caddy, tea caddy; oilcan; paint can; beer can, soda can.
	pocket, pouch, fob, sheath, scabbard, socket, scrip, poke, knit, sachel, satchel, reticule, budget, net; ditty bag, ditty box; portfolio; quiver &c. (magazine) 636.
	{{has_subtype(pouch)}} tobacco pouch.
	{{has_subtype(box)}} chest, coffer, casket, pyx, pix, caisson, reliquary; grip, grip sack [U.S.]; skippet, vasculum.
	boot, imperial; vache; cage, manger.
	rack; shelf, shelving.
	{{has_subtype(bag)}} duffel bag, duffel, duffle; moneybag; sea bag, seabag; tea bag; feedbag; golf bag; saddlebag; ice pack.
	vase, bushel, barrel; pottle, basket, pannier, buck-basket, hopper, maund[obs1], creel, cran, crate; wisket, whisket, jardiniere, corbeille, hamper, dosser, dorser; tray, hod; scuttle, utensil; brazier; cuspidor, spittoon.
	hamper; clothes hamper, laundry basket, clothes basket.
	{{has_subtype(vessel)}} {{contained_in(liquid)}} {{property_of(large)}} cistern &c. (store) 636; vat, caldron, barrel, cask, drum, puncheon, keg, rundlet, tun, butt, cag, firkin, kilderkin, carboy, amphora.
	{{has_subtype(vessel)}} {{contained_in(liquid)}} boiler, steam boiler
	{{has_subtype(drum)}} fiber drum; metal drum.
	{{has_subtype(vessel)}} {{contained_in(liquid)}} bottle, jar; decanter, ewer, cruse, caraffe; crock, kit, canteen, flagon; demijohn; flask, flasket; stoup, noggin, vial, phial; cruet, caster; urn, epergne, salver, patella, tazza, patera; tub, bucket, pail; tankard; jug, pitcher, pipkin; galipot, gallipot; matrass, receiver, bolthead, capsule, kettle.
	bowl, basin, jorum, punch bowl.
	{{has_subtype(basin)}} wash basin.
	{{has_subtype(wash basin)}} {{location_of(church)}} piscina[Lat][obs1].
<--- 	pig gin, big gin; tyg, nipperkin, pocket pistol[coll.].  -->
	{{has_subtype(bucket)}} {{comprises(wood)}} {{property_of(shallow)}} skeel.
	{{has_subtype(pan): @P2.3.1.3.1.3.1, saucepan, skillet}}.
	{{has_subtype(vessel)}} {{contained_in(liquid)}} {{function_of(drinking)}} drinking vessel.
	{{has_subtype(drinking vessel)}} mug; cup, goblet, chalice; tumbler, glass, drinking glass; rummer, horn;tankard; beaker; chalice, goblet.
	{{has_subtype(mug)}}  coffee mug; beer mug, stein.
	{{has_subtype(chalice)}} grail, Holy Grail, Sangraal.
	{{has_subtype(cup)}}  grace cup; coffee cup; demitasse; teacup; Dixie cup, paper cup, drinking cup; plastic cup.
	{{has_subtype(trunk)}} footlocker, locker.
	{{has_subtype(vessel)}} {{contained_in(liquid)}} {{location_of(laboratory)}} beaker, flask, Erlenmeyer flask, Florence flask, round-bottom flask, graduated cylinder, test tube, culture tube, pipette, Pasteur pipette, disposable pipette, syringe, vial, carboy, vacuum flask, Petri dish, microtiter tray, centrifuge tube;  retort, alembic;  water jacket.
	tank.
	{{has_subtype(tank)}}  aquarium, fish tank, marine museum, vivarium; septic tank; cistern, water tank; gas tank, gasoline tank.
	reservoir.
	{{has_subtype(reservoir)}} water tower; cistern; well.
	case.
	{{has_subtype(case)}} cardcase; wallet, billfold; cigarette case; compact, powder compact; pillbox; watch case; eyeglass case.
	powder horn, powder flask; scuttle, coal scuttle.
	watering can, watering pot
	bail, beaker, billy, canakin; catch basin, catch drain; chatti, lota, mussuk, schooner [U.S.], spider, terrine, toby, urceus.
	{{contained_in(food)}} tableware.
	dishpan; washtub; sink; bathtub, bath; shower.
	closet, commode, cupboard, cellaret, chiffonniere, locker.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.20, storage furniture, desk, bureau}}.
	{{has_subtype: room, @P2.3.1.3.10.2.1}}.

P2.3.1.3.9.1.1  Tableware
	N. tableware, eating containers.
<-- [[china]] -->
	{{has_subtype(tableware)}} glassware; china, chinaware.
	{{used_in(tableware)}} {{has_subtype(material): @P2.3.1.3.1.2.5,  Tableware Materials, ceramic, ceramics; porcelain, vitrics; ironstone; majolica; bone china; rose china; eggshell china}}.
	{{has_subtype(china)}} plate, platter, dish, trencher, calabash, porringer, potager, saucer, pan, crucible.
	compote, gravy boat, creamer, sugar bowl, butter dish, mug, pitcher, punch bowl, chafing dish.
	shovel, trowel, spoon, spatula, ladle, dipper, tablespoon, watch glass, thimble.
	{{has_instance(china/porcelain)}} {{has_instance(manufacturer)} Brandenberg, Bristol, Chelsea, Crown Derby, Meissen, Dresden, Belleek, Lenox, Mayflower, Noritake, Royal Albert, Royal Worcester, Swansea, Caen, Chantilly, Limoges, Black Knight, Luneville, Sevres, Copenhagen, Capodimonte, Medici.

P2.3.1.3.9.2   Storage Containers
	N. storage container.

P2.3.1.3.9.3   Shipping Containers
	box, carton.
	railroad car, tank car.
	{{has_part(container): dead space, ullage, unused capacity}}.

P2.3.1.3.9.4  Conduits R350, R351
	#350. [Channel for the passage of water.] Conduit.
	N. {{has_subtype(opening, R260)}} {{property_of(long + narrow)}} conduit, channel, duct; piping.
	main; pipe; pipeline; tubing, tube.
	funnel; nozzle.
	{{has_subtype(main)}} electric main; gas main; sewer main; water main.
	{{has_subtype(pipeline)}} oil pipeline; gasoline pipeline.
	{{has_subtype(tubing)}} non-metallic tubing; glass tubing; vacuum tubing; tygon tubing; rubber tubing; latex tubing; polyethylene tubing; teflon tubing.
	{{has_subtype(tubing)}} metallic tubing; steel tubing; aluminum tubing; copper tubing; high pressure tubing.
	{{has_subtype(tubing)}}  barrel, gun barrel; blowgun, blowpipe, blowtube, blow tube; burette; cannula; capillary, capillary tube; catheter; condenser, condenser coil; dropper, eye dropper; mouthpiece; pea shooter.
	{{has_subtype(mouthpiece)}} cigarette holder, cigarette-holder.

P2.3.1.3.9.4.1 Water Conduit
	N. water conduit, water pipe; watercourse.
	{{contained_in(effluent)}} {{property_of(artificial)}} drain, drainpipe; waste pipe, waste line.
	{{has_subtype(drain)}} sewer, cloaca, sewerage, sewer pipe; scupper; trap; gutter; street gutter, kennel; sump, drain pit; downspout; discharge, discharge tube, discharge line, adjutage[obs3], ajutage[obs3].
	pore, spout.
	{[of(body)]} {{has_subtype(drain)}} excretory organ, emunctory[obs3].
	{{property_of(flexible)}} hose.
	{{has_subtype(hose)}} garden hose; fire hose.
	{{has_part}} {{function_of(control/restriction)}} penstock, weir; flood gate, water gate; sluice, lock; valve, faucet.
	waterworks.
	{{has_subtype(watercourse)}} {{property_of(natural)}} arroyo; flume, ingate[obs3], runner; lock-weir, tedge[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(watercourse)}} {{property_of(artificial)}}  aqueduct, canal; dike, gully, moat, ditch, trough, culvert; sough, siphon; mine entrance, adit[obs3]; industrial watercourse, race, millrace, millrun, head race, tail race.
	{{has_subtype(drain)}} {{has_part(roof)}} gutter, roof gutter; roofing tile, pantile; rain spout, gargoyle, gurgoyle[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(body part, P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.2): blood vessel, artery, aorta}}.
	tunnel &c. (passage) 627.
	Adj. vascular &c. (with holes) 260.
<--  ; abito[obs3], aboideau[obs3], aboiteau[Fr], bito[obs3].
; acequia[obs3], acequiador[obs3], acequiamadre[obs3]  -->

P2.3.1.3.9.4.2  Gas Conduit
	#351. [Channel for the passage of gas.] Airpipe. -- N. air pipe, air tube; gas pipe.
	vent, air vent, blowhole, breathinghole[obs3], venthole, airhole[obs3].
	{{contained_in(combustion gas, @P2.3.1): exhaust}}.
	{{has_subtype(exhaust)}} {{function_of(ejection, R297)}} shaft, flue, chimney; smokestack; stovepipe; exhaust pipe; tail pipe.
	{{has_subtype(vent)}} {{location_of(hot air)}} water cooling tower.
	tobacco pipe, pipe.
	{{has_subtype(tobacco pipe)}} clay pipe, dudeen; hookah, hubble-bubble, kalian, narghile, water pipe.
	{{function_of(breathing)}} {{has_subtype(body part, P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.2): nostril; throat, weasand[obs3], trachea; bronchus, bronchia[Med]; larynx; windpipe}}.
	{{has_part(insect)}} {{has_subtype(vent)}} spiracle.
	ventilator, ventiduct[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(pipe): blowgun, blowpipe, blowtube, blow tube, @P2.7.2.1.4}}.
	screen, window screen.
	artificial lung, iron lung, heart and lung machine.
	{{has_subtype(pipeline, @P2.3.1.3.9.4)}} gas pipeline, natural gas pipeline.
	{{has_subtype(duct)}}  intake, air intake; air passage, air duct, airway; downcast; snorkel; upcast.
<-- ; jhilmil[obs3]??  -->

P2.3.1.3.10  Structures and Structural Materials
	N.  structure, construction, construct.
	{{has_subtype}} {{function_of(travel): way, P2.3.1.3.10.5}}.
	{{property_of(open/outdoors)}} enclosure.
	{{property_of(closed)}} chamber.
	{{has_subtype(enclosure)}} pen; yard.
	{{has_subtype(pen) fold, sheepfold; paddock; rodeo; sty, pigsty, pigpen; cattle pen; run, dog run; .
	{{has_subtype(chamber)}} burial chamber; pressure chamber; combustion chamber; gas chamber.
	{{has_subtype(burial chamber)}} {{has_location(corpse, R362)}} {{performed_at(interment, R363)}} vault, burial vault; crypt; mausoleum; grave, tomb; sepulcher, sepulchre.
	{{has_subtype(pressure chamber)}} caisson, pneumatic caisson; decompression chamber; hyperbaric chamber.
	{{has_subtype(combustion chamber)}} {[of(engine)]} cylinder, piston chamber.
	{{has_subtype(yard)}} {{has_location(farm animal)}} barnyard, farmyard; chicken yard, henyard; stockyard; feed lot.
	{{has_subtype(yard)}} {{performed_at(rail freight loading)}} {{has_location(train, @R272)}} railroad yard.
	{{has_subtype(yard)}} {{adjacent_to(building)}} front yard; back yard; side yard.
	{{has_subtype: building, P2.3.1.3.10.2}}.
	monument; memorial.
	{{has_subtype(advertisement)}} billboard, signboard.
	fortification, redoubt.
	{{location_of(outdoors)}} steps, stairway.
	{{has_subtype(stairway)}} {{location_of(India)}} ghat.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.9.4.1, watercourse, canal, dike}}.
	dam.
	{{has_part(dam)}} spillway.

P2.3.1.3.10.1  Structural component
	N.  structural component.
	masonry; superstructure; supporting structure, support; infrastructure.
	{{has_subtype(supporting structure)}} foundation; footing; platform.
	scaffold, scaffolding; pier, column; wall.
	{{has_subtype(supporting structure)}} {[of(monument)]} base, pedestal.

<-- note that "abode, residence" has been left in the more general category "location",  and is only cross-referenced here  -->
P2.3.1.3.10.2  Building  [[building]]
	N. building, edifice.
	conservatory, greenhouse, bower; arbor; summerhouse; hermitage.
	coach house; garage; hangar; outhouse; penthouse; lean-to.
	cabin.
	{{has_subtype: residence, abode, R189)}}.
	{{has_part: room, P2.3.1.3.10.2.1}}.
	{{has_part}} door, entry door; window.
	{{has_part}} wall; inner wall; outer wall.
	{{has_part}} roof.
	{{has_part}} stairs, stairwell, staircase.
	{{&has_part(staircase)}} baluster, banister, stanchion; balustrade.
	{{has_part(staircase)}} landing.
	{{has_subtype(staircase)}} escalator, moving staircase, moving stairway; fire escape, emergency exit.
	{{has_subtype(roof)}} curb roof, gambrel roof, mansard roof}}.
	{{has_part}}  storey, story, floor, level.
	{{has_subtype(storey)}} basement floor, ground floor; rez de chaussee[Fr]; cellar; subbasement; first floor; second floor; top floor, attic, dormer; penthouse.
	{{&has_part}}  arcade;  penny arcade; gallery; concourse.
	{{&has_part}}  chimney; fireplace.
	{{has_part(door)}} door knob, handle; hinge.
	{{&has_part}} {{function_of(support,  R215, P1.2.2.2.2.4)}} {{property_of(verticality)}} post, pillar, shaft, thill[obs3], column, pilaster; pediment, pedicle; plinth; buttress, jamb, mullion, abutment;  upright.
	{{has_part(door)}} {{function_of(support,  R215, P1.2.2.2.2.4)}} {{property_of(verticality)}} door post, jamb, door jamb.
	{{&has_part}} pedestal.
	{{has_part}} {{function_of(support,  R215, P1.2.2.2.2.4)}} frame, framework, skeleton; beam, rafter, girder, lintel, joist, travis[obs3], trave[obs3].
	{{&has_part}} {{function_of(support,  R215, P1.2.2.2.2.4)}} scaffold, scaffolding; corner stone, summer, transom; rung, round, step, sill; angle rafter, hip rafter; cantilever, modillion[obs3]; crown post, king post}}.
	{{location_of: furniture, P2.3.1.3.20}}.
	{{has_part}} {{function_of(covering, R223)}}  roof.
	{{has_part}} {{function_of(covering, R223)}} ceiling.
	{{has_part(roof)}}  tile, shingle; thatch; tiling, slates, slating; leads, spouts.
	{{has_subtype(tile, shingle)}} ceramic tile, pantile, pentile[obs3]; asphalt shingle.
	{{has_subtype: barrack [U.S.], plafond, planchment [obs3][U.S.], shed &c. (abode) 189}}.
	{{has_part}} {{has_subtype(opening, P1.2.4.3.1.9)}} {{function_of(lighting)}} embrasure, window, casement; abatjour[obs3]; light; sky light, fan light; lattice; bay window, bow window; oriel[Arch]; dormer, lantern.
	{{location_of(window)}} {{property_of(adjustable)}} louvre, jalousie, Venetian blinds.
	{{has_part}} {{has_subtype(opening, P1.2.4.3.1.9)}} {{function_of(entry/exit)}} portal; stoop, stope; gate, ostiary[obs1], postern, wicket, trapdoor, hatch, door; arcade; cellarway[obs3], driveway, gateway, doorway, hatchway, gangway.
	{{has_part}} {{property_of(exterior)}} portico, porch, veranda, loggia, piazza; terrace, patio; deck, lanai; collonade; court, courtyard.
	{{has_part}} balcony, gallery.

P2.3.1.3.10.2.1  House
	N.  house, residence, private residence, home.
	Phr.  a man's home is his castle.

P2.3.1.3.10.2.2  Public Building.
	N.  public building.
	commercial building; government building.
	{{has_subtype(commercial building): @P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.2, workshop, R691, shop, store}}.
	{{property_of(multiplicity)}} building complex, complex.
	{{has_subtype(building complex)}} industrial park; shopping center; mall, shopping mall.
	skyscraper.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.2,  workplace, office building; factory}}.
	school.
	fort, fortress; castle.
	palace.
	stadium.
	{{has_subtype(temple, church, R1000, P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.1 }}.

P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.1  Temple, Church   (R1000)
	#1000. Temple.-- N. place of worship; house of God, house of prayer, holy place.
	shrine.
	{{property_of(Christian)}} cathedral, minster[obs3], church, kirk, chapel, meetinghouse, bethel[obs3], tabernacle, conventicle, basilica, fane[obs3], chantry[obs3], oratory.
	{{property_of(Jewish)}} temple, synagogue.
	{{property_of(Buddhist)}} temple, Buddhist temple.
	{{property_of(moslem)}} mosque.
	pantheon; joss house[obs3].
	{{property_of(multistory)}} pagoda.
	{{property_of(Buddhist)}} {{has_subtype(shrine)}} stupa, tope, dogobah[obs3].
	monastery, convent, nunnery, cloister.
	{{property_of(Christian)}}  priory, abbey, friary.
	[clergymen's residence] parsonage, rectory, presbytery, vicarage, manse, deanery, glebe; Vatican; bishop's palace; Lambeth.
	chapter house.
	{{has_part}} presbytery.
	{{has_part}} anxious-bench, anxious-seat; diaconicum[Lat], jube[obs3]; mourner's bench, mourner's seat.
	{{has_part}} altar.
	{{has_subtype(altar)}} communion table, holy table, Lord's table; table of the Lord.
	{{has_part}} {{has_location(altar)}} shrine, Holy of Holies, sanctum sanctorum[Lat], sacristy, chancel, sanctuary, sacrarium[obs3].
	{{has_part}} pyx.
	{{has_part}} baptistery, baptistry, font, baptismal font; piscina[obs3], stoup; aumbry[obs3]; sedile[obs3]; reredos; rood loft, rood screen.
	{{has_part(church)}} quire, choir; nave; aisle; transept; vestry; crypt;  golgotha, calvary, Easter sepulcher; stall, pew; pulpit, ambo[obs3], lectern, reading desk; confessional, prothesis[obs3], credence, baldachin, baldacchino[obs3]; apse; belfry, bell tower.
	{{adjacent_to}} cloisters, churchyard.
	{{has_activity: rite, service &c. R998(M9.5.5)}}.
	Adj. claustral, cloistered; monastic, monasterial; conventual.
	Phr. ne vile fano[It]; "there's nothing ill can dwell in such a temple" [Tempest].
<--   ; kiack[obs3], masjid[obs3]??  -->
<-- marabout[obs3]; = mohammedan saint  -->

P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.2  Workshop  (R691)
	#691. Workshop. -- N. workshop, workhouse, workplace, shop, place of business.
	{{has_subtype: market, P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.2.1}}.
	manufactory, mill, plant, works, factory.
	cabinet, studio; office, branch office; bureau, atelier.
	[specific types of workplace: list] hive, hive of industry; nursery; hothouse, hotbed; mint; forge, loom.
	kitchen.
	shipyard, dock, dockyard, slip, yard, wharf.
	alveary[obs3].
	armory.
	laboratory, lab, research center.
	{{has_subtype(laboratory)}} industrial laboratory; commercial laboratory; research institute.
	refinery; cannery; power plant; beauty parlor; beehive, bindery, forcing pit, nailery[obs3], usine[obs3]; foundry, foundery[obs3]; furnace; vineyard.
	{{has_metaphor: crucible, caldron, matrix}}.
	Adj. at work, at the office, at the shop; working.

<--  [[market]]  -->
P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.2.1  Market (R799)
	#799. Mart.  -- N. {{occurs_in(purchase, R795/sale, R796)}} mart; market, marketplace; fair, bazaar, staple, exchange, change, bourse, hall, guildhall; tollbooth, customhouse; Tattersall's.
	stall, booth, stand, newsstand; cart, wagon.
	wharf; office, chambers, countinghouse, bureau; counter, compter[Fr].
	shop, emporium, establishment; store &c.636; department store, general store, five and ten, variety store, co-op, finding store [U.S.], grindery warehouse[obs3].
	[food stores: list] grocery, supermarket, candy store, sweet shop, confectionery, bakery, greengrocer, delicatessen, bakeshop, butcher shop, fish store, farmers' market, mom and pop store, dairy, health food store.
	[specialized stores: list] tobacco shop, tobacco store, tobacconists, cigar store, hardware store, jewelry shop, bookstore, liquor store, gun shop, rod and reel shop, furniture store, drugstore, chemist's [British], florist, flower shop, shoe store, stationer, stationer's, electronics shop, telephone store, music store, record shop, fur store, sporting goods store, video store, video rental store; lumber store, lumber yard, home improvements store, home improvement center; gas station, auto repair shop, auto dealer, used car dealer.
	mall, suburban mall, commons, pedestrian mall; shopping street.
	surplus store, army-navy surplus store.
	[locations where used articles are sold] auction; flea market; yard sale, garage sale; pawn shop; antiques store; second-hand store, second time around shop, thrift shop.
	warehouse, wareroom[obs3]; depot, interposit[obs3], entrepot[Fr].
	market-overt.
	real-estate broker.
	vending machine.

<-- here add entry for stock market (financial instruments market ) and securities -->
P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.2.1.1 Stock market
	#799a. Stock Market.
	N.  {{function_of(investment/speculation)}} securities exchange.
	stock market, stock exchange; bourse, board; bond market.
	the market, the open market; over-the-counter market, OTC market.
	privately traded issues.
	commodities exchange, futures exchange, futures market.
	the pit, the floor.
	ticker, stock ticker, quotation; stock index, market index.
	[person or firm trading securities] broker, stockbroker, jobber, stock dealer, odd-lot dealer; specialist.
	{{performed_by(investment): investor, P2.3.2.3.2.5.67}}.
	{{has_instance}} the big board, the New York Stock Exchange; the American Stock Exchange; the NASDAQ exchange; the London exchange.
	{{has_instance(market index)}} the Dow Jones Index, the Dow Industrials, the transportation index, utilities, the utilities index; the New York Stock Exchange index, the Nikkei index [Japan]; the Financial Times index, the FTI [England], the over-the-counter index, NASDAQ index.
	V. speculate, invest, trade, trade stocks, play the market; buy long, sell short, take a position, straddle; take a plunge, plunge in, take a flier [coll.].

P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.3  Prison.
	N. {{function_of(restraint, /isolation, R893)}} prison, prison house, jail, gaol, pokey[slang], stir[slang].
	house of correction, hulks, penitentiary, pen.
	guardroom, lockup, hold.
	cage, coop, den, cell; stronghold, fortress, keep, donjon, dungeon, Bastille, oubliette, bridewell[obs3]; round house, watch house, station house, sponging house; station; black hole.
	{[of(animal)]} pen, fold, pound.
	tollbooth, panopticon[obs3].
	inclosure &c. 232;  penal settlement, penal colony; bilboes, stocks, limbo, quod*[Lat]; calaboose, chauki[obs3], choky[obs3], thana[obs3]; workhouse [U.S.].
	Newgate, Fleet, Marshalsea; King's (or Queen's) Bench.
	V.  do time, serve time.
	imprison, jail.
	send up the river[coll.].
	Adv.  under arrest; doing time.

<--  [[room]]  -->
P2.3.1.3.10.3  Room
	N. {{has_part(building)}} room, chamber, apartment.]
	office.
	atrium.
	lobby, vestibule, anteroom, antechamber; hall, hallway, corridor, passage.
	{{&has_part}} aisle.
	{{property_of(multiplicity)}} suite of rooms, apartment [U.S.], flat.
	saloon, salon, parlor; by-room, cubicle; presence chamber; sitting room, best room, keeping room, drawing room, lounge, reception room, state room; gallery, cabinet, closet; pew, box; boudoir; adytum, sanctum; bedroom, dormitory; refectory, dining room, salle-a-manger; nursery, schoolroom; library, study; studio; billiard room, smoking room; den; stateroom, tablinum, tenement.
	[room for defecation and urination] bath room, bathroom, toilet, lavatory, powder room; john, jakes, necessary, loo; [in public places] men's room, ladies' room, rest room; [fixtures: see 653 (uncleanness)].
	attic, loft, garret, cockloft, clerestory; cellar, vault, hold, cockpit; cubbyhole; cook house; entre-sol; mezzanine floor; ground floor, rez-de-chaussee; basement, kitchen, pantry, bawarchi-khana, scullery, offices; storeroom &c. (depository) 636; lumber room; dairy, laundry.
	{{has_part(room)}}  door, passageway door; wall; ceiling; floor.
	{{has_subtype(room)}} kitchen; living room; dining room; den; bedroom; bathroom; nursery; playroom; attic.
	{{has_part(kitchen)}} kitchen sink; stove; oven; pantry; kitchen cabinet.
	{{has_part(bathroom)}} plumbing fixture, bathroom fixture.
	{{has_subtype(bathroom fixture)}} sink; tub, bathtub, bath, washtub; shower; toilet, can, commode, crapper, pot, potty, stool, throne; urinal.
	{{has_part(sink/bathtub)}} faucet, tap, spigot.
	{{property_of(specialized)}} special-purpose room.
	{{has_subtype(special-purpose room)}} pressure chamber; decompression chamber; wind tunnel; laboratory; operating room; recovery room; cell, jail cell.
	{{has_subtype(special-purpose room)}} {{has_subtype(laboratory)}} incubator room, fermentor room; sterile room; containment room, isolation chamber.

P2.3.1.3.10.4   Tower
	N.  {{property_of(highness, R206a)}} tower, pillar, column.
	monument.
	{{has_part(building)}} steeple, spire, campanile, turret; dome, cupola; minaret.
	lookout tower; transmission tower, antenna.
	{{has_subtype(transmission tower)}} microwave relay tower.
	{{has_part(church, @R1000, P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.1 ): belfry, bell tower}}.

<-- [[road]]  -->
P2.3.1.3.10.5  Way
	N. {{function_of(travel)}} way; thoroughfare; passage, passageway.
	road, roadway; route; lane; path.
	{{has_subtype(route)}} seaway, sea lane, ship route, trade route; air route; line.
	{{has_subtype(path)}} crossing, crosswalk; pathway, footpath; bridle path; walk, walkway.
	{{has_subtype(walkway)}} boardwalk;  catwalk; promenade, mall; sidewalk, foot pavement.
	{{has_subtype(road)}} highway, motorway; bypass, circumferential, ring road; causeway; detour, roundabout way; driveway, drive, private road; drive; street, local road.
	{{has_subtype(highway)}} {{location_of(Germany)}} autobahn.
	{{has_subtype(highway)}} {{location_of(Italy)}} Appian Way.
	{{has_subtype(highway)}} expressway, freeway; state highway; county road; pike, turnpike; parkway; highroad, main road, royal road; byway; post road; shortcut, cut off; speedway; artery, main artery;
	{{has_subtype(street)}}  avenue, boulevard; main street; circle; court; drive; alley, alleyway, back street; blind alley, cul-de-sac, dead-end street, dead end, impasse.
	{{has_part(road)}} {{has_subtype(surface)}} pavement, paving.
	{{has_subtype(track)}} rut; portage; trail; ski run; railroad, railroad track, railway.
	{{has_subtype(railway)}} cable car, cable railway, funicular, funicular railway; broad gauge; narrow gauge; elevated railway, elevated railroad, el; roller coaster, big dipper, chute-the-chute; line, railway line; trunk line, trunk route; metro, subway, tube, underground; scenic railway; cog railway, rack railway; tramline, tramway, streetcar track.
	{{has_subtype(line)}} trolley line, trolley; bus line, bus route.
	{{has_part(railway)}} switch; siding, railroad siding, sidetrack.

P2.3.1.3.10.6  Dam
	N. {{location_of(reservoir/lake, R343)}} {{has_subtype(structure)}} {{has_subtype(restraint, P2.3.1.3.11.2.1)}} dam.
	concrete dam; earth dam.
	hydroelectric dam.
	coffer dam.
	{{has_part}} spillway.

P2.3.1.3.11   Simple Tools & devices  . (POTOOL)
<-- 	include WN: device)  -->
	N. device; tool.
	{{has_subtype(device.)}} applicator; acoustic device; adapter, adaptor; airfoil, aerofoil; bait, decoy, lure; seal, stamp; breathing device; catapult, launcher; comb; comforter, pacifier, baby's dummy, teething ring; converter, convertor; damper; detector, sensor; fire extinguisher; guard, safety; indicator; keyboard; knocker, door knocker;  signal; light, source of illumination; lifting device; lighter, light; magnet; match, matches, lucifer, friction match; memory device; override; prod, goad; prompter, teleprompter, autocue; prophylactic, prophylactic device; reflector; reset; stabilizer; stencil; stylus; support; trap; washboard.
	{{has_subtype(lifting device)}} winch, windlass; crane; elevator, lift; hoist; dumbwaiter.

P2.3.1.3.11.1   Simple Tools & devices generally 
P2.3.1.3.11.2   common components of Simple Tools & devices [[component]]

P2.3.1.3.11.2.1  Restraint  (R752)
	#752.  Restraint.
	N.  {{function_of(hindrance, R706/restraint, R751)}} restraint, curb; holding device.
	bond; bandage; irons, pinion, gyve, fetter, shackle, trammel, manacle, handcuff, straight jacket, strait jacket, strait-jacket, strait-waistcoat, hopples[obs3]; vice, vise.
	rail, wall, stone wall; paling, palisade; fence, picket fence, barbed wire fence, Cyclone fence, stockade fence, chain-link fence; barrier, barricade.
	{{has_low_level: drag &c. (hindrance) R706}}.

	{{has_subtype(shackle)}} ball and chain; fetter, hobble; handcuffs, handcuff, cuffs, cuff, handlock, manacle; iron, irons, chain, chains.
		{[of(water)]} {{has_subtype: dam, P2.3.1.3.10.6}}.
	catch, stop.
	{{has_subtype(stop)}} ratchet, pawl, detent, click, dog, larigo[obs3].

P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.1 fastener    [[fastener]]
	N.  {{has_subtype(connection, R45)}} fastener, fastening, connector, tie.
	ligament, ligature; strap; tackle, rigging; standing rigging, running rigging; traces, harness; brace, roller, fillet; inkle[obs3]; with, withe, withy; thong, braid; girder, tiebeam; girth, girdle, cestus[obs3]; noose, lasso, surcingle, cabestro [obs3][U. S.], cinch, lariat, legadero[obs3], oxreim[obs3].
	garter, halter; suspenders.
	band ribband, bandage, Band-Aid..
	{{has_subtype(connection)}} tendon, tendril; fiber; cord, cordage; riband, ribbon, rope, guy, cable, line, halser[obs1], hawser, painter, moorings, wire, chain; string &c. (filament) 205.
	{{has_subtype(connection)}} {{constitutes(metal)}} pin, corking pin; nail, brad, tack; skewer, staple, corrugated fastener; clamp, U-clamp, C-clamp; cramp, cramp iron; terret[obs3], treenail, screw; stud; button, buckle; tag; tooth; hook, hook and eye, tenterhook; rivet; anchor, grappling iron, trennel[obs3], stake, post; spar, horse; bellyband; belt buckle; clasp; cleat; clip; bulldog clip, alligator clip; paperclip, paper clip; hook and eye; snap fastener.
	{{has_subtype: P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.4,  lock}}.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.5,  catch, latch}}.
	clothespin, clothes pin, clothes peg; cringle, eyelet, gasket, loop, grommet; dowel, dowel pin, joggle; fillet.
	{{has_subtype(pin)}} hat pin; barrette; straight pin; hairpin, bobby pin; peg, tent peg; wrist pin, gudgeon pin; rivet; safety pin, safety-pin; skewer; spit; toggle.
	V. fasten, make fast.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.1.2.7, cement, glue, paste &c. n.}}.

P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.2 Stopper
	#263. Stopper.  [[stopper]]
	N. {{has_part(container)}} {{function_of(closure, R261, P1.2.4.3.1.10)}} {{location_of(opening)}} stopper, stopple; plug, cork, bung; stop-gap; seal.
	wadding, stuffing, padding, stopping.
	spike.
	rammer[obs3]; ram, ramrod; piston; dossil[obs3], pledget[obs3], tompion[obs3]; tourniquet.
	{{has_subtype(stopper): @R223, cover, lid, top}} 
	{{&has_part(stopper): @P2.3.1.3.11.2.4 latch, lock, bolt}}.
	{{location_of(door, entry): janitor, doorkeeper, porter, warder, beadle, cerberus, ostiary[obs3]}}.
	{{has_subtype(seal)}} piston ring; bushing; ferrule; washer.
	{{has_subtype(washer)}} lock washer, lockring.
	V. stop, stopper; plug, seal.
	cork.

P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.3 Valve
	N. {{has_subtype(stopper)}} {{function_of(control)}} valve, vent peg, spigot, slide valve.
	{{has_subtype(valve)}} needle valve.
	stopcock; spill, tap.

P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.4  Lock
	N. {{&has_part(stopper/door/cover)}} lock, holdfast[obs3].
	{{needed_for(key)}} tumbler lock, cylinder lock; deadbolt lock; spring lock; padlock;  doorlock; lever lock.
	combination lock; time lock.
	{{&has_part(door)}}  bolt, deadbolt, bar, police lock; night latch.
	{{has_part(vehicle)}} {{needed_for(key)}} ignition lock.
	{{has_part(computer)}} {{needed_for(key)}} keyboard lock.
	{{has_part(window)}} sash fastener, sash lock, window lock.

P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.5  Latch
	N. {{has_subtype(fastener, P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.1)}}  latch, bolt, clasp, hasp, hank, catch, latchet[obs3].
	hinge; hook.
	{{has_part(firearm)}} safety catch.
	V. latch; hook.

P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.6  Brake
	N. brake.
	air brake; hand brake; hydraulic brake; emergency brake.
	drum brake; disc brake.
	V. brake; apply the brake, put on the brake, step on the brake.

P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.7  Leash, tether
	N.  {{function_of(control)}} leash, tether.
	yoke, collar; halter, harness.
	rein, reins; bearing rein; bit, brake, snaffle, bridle; martingale; leading string; picket, band, guy, chain; cavesson[obs3], hackamore [obs3][U.S.], headstall, jaquima [obs3][U.S.], lines, ribbons.
	cord &c. (fastening) 45.
	muzzle, gag.
	safety belt, safety-belt, life belt, safety harness.
	{{has_subtype(safety belt)}} {{has_part(vehicle)}} seatbelt, seat-belt.

P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.8  anchor
	N. {{has_part(boat)}} anchor, sea anchor, drogue.
	drag anchor.
	V.  anchor, drop anchor.
	{{antonym_of(drop anchor): weigh anchor}}.

P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.9  shackle
	N.  shackle, fetter, bond, bonds, hamper, trammel, trammels.
	{{location_of(hands)}} handcuffs, handcuff, cuffs, manacle.
	{{location_of(legs)}} ball and chain.
	stocks, pillory, bilbo.

P2.3.1.3.11.2.1.11  Knot
	knot; hitch.
	bow, bowknot; love knot, lover's knot; bowline; carrick bend; cat's-paw; figure eight, figure of eight; fisherman's bend; granny knot; hawser bend.
	loop knot; Matthew Walker; overhand knot; prolonge knot, sailor's breastplate; reef knot, flat knot; sheepshank; slipknot; square knot; surgeon's knot; true lover's knot; Turk's head; Gordian knot.
	{[of(necktie)]} Windsor knot; four-in-hand.
	{{has_subtype(hitch)}} Blackwall hitch; clove hitch; half hitch; sheet bend, becket bend, weaver's knot, weaver's hitch; timber hitch; rolling hitch; magnus hitch.

P2.3.1.3.12   instrument  (symb. POINSTR) [[instrument]]
	#633. Instrument. 
	N.   instrument, device, tool, implement.
	apparatus; equipment, equipmentage[obs3].
	machinery, mechanism; engineering.
	organ, utensil.
	machine, engine.
	appliances.
	{{has_subtype(machine)}} lathe, gin, mill.
	air engine, caloric engine, heat engine.
	gear; tackle, tackling, rig, rigging; plant, materiel; harness, trappings, fittings, accouterments; barde[obs3];  chattels; paraphernalia &c. (belongings) 780.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.20, appointments, furniture}}.
	lever.
	{{property_of(lever)}} mechanical powers; leverage; mechanical advantage.
	{{has_subtype(lever)}} crow, crowbar; handspike[obs3], gavelock[obs3], jemmy[obs3], jimmy, arm, limb, wing.
	oar, paddle.
	{{has_subtype: wheel &c. (rotation) 312}}.
	{{part_of(wheel, R312)}} pulley; wheel and axle; wheelwork, clockwork; wheels within wheels; pinion, crank, winch; cam; pedal; capstan &c. (lift) 307; inclined plane; wedge; screw; spring, mainspring; can hook, glut, heald[obs3], heddle[obs3], jenny, parbuckle[obs3], sprag[obs3], water wheel.
	{{has_part}} {{function_of(grasping/gripping)}} handle, hilt, haft, shaft, heft, shank.
	blade, trigger, tiller, helm, treadle, key; turnscrew, screwdriver; knocker.
	hammer &c. (impulse) 276.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.12.4.1,  @R253a, cutting Instrument,  knife  edge tool}}.
	borer &c. 262; vice, teeth, &c. (hold) 781.
	nail, rope &c. (join) 45.
	tape.
	gummed paper.; stamp, postage stamp.
	peg &c. (hang) 214; support &c. 215; spoon &c. (vehicle) 272; arms &c. 727; oar &c. (navigation) 267; cardiograph, recapper[obs3], snowplow, tenpenny[obs3], votograph[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(tape)}} {{property_of(tenacity, R327)}} @P2.3.1.3.1.2, sxadhesive tape; fly paper.
	{{has_subtype(adhesive tape)}} bandage; clear adhesive tape, Scotch tape; masking tape, duct tape; electrical tape.
	{{has_instance(bandage)}} Band-Aid, bandaid.
	drafting instrument; surveying instrument.
	{{has_subtype(drafting instrument)}} compass; dividers; drafting board, drawing board; protractor; triangle; T-square.
	{{has_subtype(surveying instrument)}} surveyor' level; dumpy level; plane table; range pole; theodolite, transit; tachymeter, tacheometer.

	Adj. instrumental &c. 631; mechanical, machinal[obs3]; brachial[Med].

P2.3.1.3.12.1  Instruments generally
P2.3.1.3.12.2  perception-enhancing instruments  R445
<--  	(instruments to extend the human senses)
					TE 345 radar and radiolocators
						445	optical instruments  -->
P2.3.1.3.12.2.2  Optical Instruments R445  {{has_part: lens/mirror}}.
	#445. Optical Instruments. -- N. optical instruments.
	{{&has_part}} lens, meniscus.
	{{has_subtype(lens)}} burning glass; convex lens; concave lens; convexo-concave lens; coated lens; multiple lens, compound lens, lens system.
	{{has_subtype(lens system)}} telephoto lens, long-distance lens; wide-angle lens; fish-eye lens; zoom lens.
	{{part_of(lens)}} {{function_of(vision enhancement, @M6.1.2.7.3.1)}} magnifier, sunglass, magnifying glass, reading glass, hand lens; microscope, megascope[obs3], tienoscope[obs3].
	{{part_of(lens)}} {{function_of(vision correction, @M6.1.2.7.3.1)}} spectacles, specs [coll.], glasses, barnacles, eyeglasses, eyeglass; pince-nez; monocle; lorgnette.
	{{has_subtype(eyeglasses)}} reading glasses, bifocals, trifocals; contact lenses, soft lenses, hard lenses; sunglasses, dark glasses, shades[coll.].
	{{part_of(lens)}} {{function_of(vision enhancement, @M6.1.2.7.3.1)}} telescope, glass; spyglass.
	{{has_function(telescope): @M6.1.2.7.3.1,  distance viewing}}.
	{{has_patient(distance viewing)}} {{property_of(distant}} distant object.
	{{has_function(microscope): @M6.1.2.7.3.1, microscopic viewing}}.
	{{has_patient(microscopic viewing)}} {{property_of(small)}} small object.
	{{property_of(dual)}} opera glass, binocular, binoculars, field glass.
	{{part_of(lens)}} optical bench.
	{{has_subtype(telescope)}} optical telescope; radio telescope; X-ray telescope.
	{{has_subtype(optical telescope)}} astronomical telescope; reflecting telescope, reflector; refracting telescope, refractor; Newtonian telescope, folded-path telescope; finder telescope, spotter telescope; chromatoscope; ultraviolet telescope; infrared telescope; star spectroscope; space telescope.
	{{has_subtype(radiotelescope)}} phased-array telescope, Very Large Array radiotelescope.
	{{has_subtype(reflecting telescope)}}  Cassegranian telescope, Gregorian telescope; coude telescope, coude system; Herschelian telescope;  Maksutov telescope; Newtonian telescope, Newtonian reflector; Schmidt telescope, Schmidt camera.

	{{has_part(telescope)}} altazimuth mount; equatorial mount.
	interferometer.
	{{has_subtype(microscope)}} compound microscope; phase-contrast microscope; dark-field microscope; fluorescence microscope; dissecting microscope; electron microscope.
	{{has_subtype(electron microscope)}} transmission electron microscope, TEM; scanning electron microscope, SEM; scanning tunneling electron microscope; field-emission microscope.
	{{has_part(microscope)}} objective lens, eyepiece, barrel, platform, focusing knob; slide, slide glass, cover glass, counting chamber; illuminator, light source, polarizer,
	{{has_part(telescope/microscope/binoculars/periscope)}} reticle, cross-hairs.
	light pipe, fiber optics
	mirror, reflector, speculum; looking-glass, pier-glass, cheval-glass, rear-view mirror, hand mirror, one-way mirror, magnifying mirror, shaving mirror.
	[room with distorting mirrors] fun house.
	{device to bend light or divide light into components} prism, diffraction grating; beam splitter.
	{device to change the phase of light} half-wave plate, quarter-wave plate.
	{{needs(photography, @P2.3.1.3.6.2)}} camera; camera lucida[Lat], camera obscura[Lat].
	{{has_subtype(camera)}} still camera; movie camera; video camera, TV camera.
	{{has_subtype(still camera)}} 35mm camera, thirty-five-millimeter camera, thirty-five millimeter; box camera, brownie.
	{{has_part(camera)}} lens, camera lens; body, camera body; lens cap; shutter; iris; shutter release, shutter button; rewind crank; film advance lever, advance lever, advance; viewfinder.
	{{&has_part(camera)}} film speed selector; shutter speed selector; exposure adjustment; hot shoe, flash attachment; flash; exposure meter; focusing ring; range finder; timer, self-timer; mode selector.
	{{has_subtype(flash)}} built-in flash; flash attachment; detached flash; strobe, electronic flash.
	{{has_subtype(range finder)}} sonar focus, sonar focus transducer; split focus.
	magic lantern &c. (show) 448; stereopticon; chromatrope[obs3], thaumatrope[obs3]; stereoscope, pseudoscope[obs3], polyscope[obs3], kaleidoscope.
	abdominoscope[obs3], gastroscope[Med], helioscope[obs3], polariscope[obs3], polemoscope[obs3], spectroscope.
	abdominoscopy[obs3]; gastroscopy[Med]; microscopy, microscopist.
	periscope, periscopic lens[obs2].
<--   					TV cameras, monitors CCTV
					x-ray machines
					microphones, earphones
					sniffers (CO, ODOR) 
-->

P2.3.1.3.12.3  measuring instruments (other than optical, P2.3.1.3.12.2)
				 (symb. POMEAS)
	N.  {{function_of(measurement, R466)}} measuring instrument, measuring device, meter.
	{{has_part}} {{has_representation(measurement)}} indicator, scale, readout.
	{{has_subtype(readout)}} dial; display.

P2.3.1.3.12.3.1  Specific Measuring instruments   [[meter]]
	
	N. bathometer[obs3], galvanometer, heliometer, interferometer ombrometer[obs3], pantometer[obs3], pluviometer[obs3], pneumatometer[obs3], pneumometer[obs3], radiometer.
	{{measured_by(refractive index)}} refractometer.
	respirometer, rheometer, spirometer[obs3], telemeter, udometer[obs3], vacuometer[obs3], variometer[obs3], viameter[obs3].
	barometer (air pressure, air &c. 338).
	anemometer (wind velocity, 349), dynamometer, goniometer (angle 244).
	landmark &c. (location)(limit) 233; marigraph[obs3], pneumatograph[obs3], stethograph[obs3].
	rain gauge, rain gage; voltmeter(volts) , ammeter(amps);  geiger counter(radioactivity), scintillation counter(radioactivity).
	{{has_subtype(vessel, @P2.3.1.3.9.1)}} {{measured_by(volume)}} graduated cylinder; volumetric flask; burette; graduated pipette.
	{{has_subtype(vessel, @P2.3.1.3.9.1)}} {{measured_by(density)}} pycnometer.
	radar gun (velocity); side-looking radar (shape, topography); sonar (depth in water); clock, watch, stopwatch, chronometer (time, time interval).
	{{measured_by(wind velocity)}} anemometer.
	{{measured_by(force, @P2.4.2.3)}}  piezoelectric crystal.
	seismometer, accelerometer, earthquake detector;
	{{measured_by(molecular mass)}} mass spectrometer 
	{{measured_by(weight, R319)}} scale.
	{{measured_by(mass)}} balance.
	{{has_subtype(instrument)}} mechanical instrument; electrical instrument; electronic instrument.
<-- && break out circuits into their own heading? -->
	{{has_part(electronic instrument)}} signal-processing circuit.
	{{measured_by(length, R200, P1.2.2.2.1.1}} ruler; measuring tape, tape; yardstick.
	{{measured_by(length, R200, P1.2.2.2.1.1}} micrometer; caliper, calipers; vernier, vernier caliper.
	{{measured_by(distance)}} odometer; pedometer, perambulator[obs2]; range finder.
	{{measured_by(distance)}} {{needed_for(radio wave)}} radar.
	{{measured_by(molecular structure)}} X-ray diffractometer.
	{{measured_by(angle)}} goniometer; protractor.
	{{measured_by(force, @P2.4.2.3): @P2.3.1.3.12.11, scale, spring balance, spring scale}}.
	{{measured_by(nuclear magnetic resonance, @P2.6.1.7)}} magnetic resonance spectrometer, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, NMR machine.
	{{has_subtype(nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer)}} proton magnetic resonance spectrometer. PMR spectrometer.

P2.3.1.3.12.3.2  Thermometer R389
	#389. Thermometer. -- N. {{measured_by(temperature)}} thermometer.
	thermometrograph[obs3], mercury thermometer, alcohol thermometer, clinical thermometer, dry-bulb thermometer, Anschutz thermometer[Ger], gas thermometer; color-changing temperature indicator; thermopile, thermoscope[obs3]; cryometer; pyrometer.
	{{property_of(electrical)}} thermistor, thermocouple; telethermometer.
	{{part_of}} pyrometer, calorimeter, bomb calorimeter.
	{{measured_by(humidity)}} wet-bulb thermometer.
	{{part_of}} {{function_of(temperature regulation}}  thermostat, thermoregulator.

P2.3.1.3.12.3.3  Light meters, spectrometers
	N. {{measured_by(light intensity)}} light meter, light detector.
	{{has_part(light meter)}} {{measured_by(light intensity)}} photocell; diode, photodiode; photometer, eriometer[obs3], actinometer[obs3], lucimeter[obs3], radiometer; photomultiplier, photomultiplier tube.
	{{measured_by(light emission)}} spectroscope; spectrograph.
	{{measured_by(light absorption)}} colorimeter; spectrometer, spectrophotometer; photodiode array, diode array.
	{{has_subtype(spectrophotometer)}} recording spectrophotometer.
	{{measured_by(light scattering)}} turbidimeter, nephelometer.
	{{measured_by(light intensity)}} spectrometer, monochrometer; UV spectrometer, visible spectrometer; Infrared spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, FTIR; recording spectrometer; densitometer, scanning densitometer, two-dimensional densitometer.

P2.3.1.3.12.3.4  Chronometer 
	N. {{measured_by(time, R106/period, R108)}}  clock, chronometer, chronoscope[obs3].
	wall clock, pendulum clock, grandfather's clock, cuckoo clock.
	watch; wristwatch; pocket watch.
	{{function_of(timimg)}} timer; stopwatch, chronograph.
	atomic clock; caesium clock.
	{{function_of(audible signal)}} alarm clock, alarm, clock radio.
	digital clock; analog clock, quartz watch; water clock, water glass, clepsydra[obs3]; repeater; timekeeper, timepiece.
	dial, sundial, gnomon, horologe, pendulum; hourglass, sandglass; ghurry[obs3].
	{{has_instance(watch)}}  Swiss watch; Timex watch; Rollex watch.

P2.3.1.3.12.4  Penetrating Instruments
	N.  {{function_of(penetration, P2.6.1.2.2.3)}} penetrating instrument.

P2.3.1.3.12.4.1  cutting Instruments  [[knife]] (R253a)
	#253a. Cutting Instruments.
	N. {{function_of(cutting)}}{{property_of(sharpness, R253)}} cutting instrument.
	knife; axe, ax.
	{{has_part(knife)}} ((property_of(sharp, R253)}} knife edge, cutting edge; blade, edge tool; razor blade.
	{{has_subtype(knife)}} cutlery; penknife, whittle; razor, safety razor, straight razor, electric razor; scalpel; bistoury[obs3], lancet.
	plowshare, coulter, colter[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(axe)}} hatchet, pickax, mattock, pick, adze, gill.
	billhook, cleaver, cutter; scythe, sickle; scissors, shears, pruning shears, cutters, wire cutters, nail clipper, paper cutter; sword &c. (arms) 727; bodkin &c. (perforator) 262; belduque[obs3], bowie knife[obs3]; bushwhacker [U.S.]; drawing knife, drawing shave; microtome[Microbiol]; chisel, screwdriver blade; flint blade; guillotine.
	{{has_subtype(cooking implement, P2.3.1.3.1.3.1)}} paring knife; slicing knife; chopping knife; bread knife; potato peeler, vegetable peeler; corer; kitchen shears; biscuit cutter; ice pick.
	punch, die.

P2.3.1.3.12.4.2   piercing objects  (R252b)
	#253b. Piercing object.
	N. {{property_of(sharpness, R253)}} {{formed_by(opening, R260)}} piercing object.
	{{has_part}} point.
	spike, spine, spicule[Biol], spiculum[obs3]; prick, prickle; spur, rowel, barb; spit, cusp; horn, antler; snag.
	{{has_part(prickly plant, R367a, P2.3.2.4.2)}} thorn; spine, needle; beard, chevaux de frise[Fr], comb; awn, bur, burr; catchweed[obs3], cleavers, clivers[obs3]}}.
	{{constitutes(metal)}} needle, stiletto, bodkin, hypodermic needle.
	{{similar_to: tack, nail, pin, @fastener, P2.3.1.3.11.2.1}}.

P2.3.1.3.12.4.3  Perforator  (R262)
	#262. Perforator. -- N. perforator, piercer, chisel, gimlet, stylet[obs3], wimble[obs3], awl, bradawl, scoop, terrier, dibble, trocar[Med], trepan, probe, rimer, warder, lancet; punch, puncheon; spikebit[obs3], gouge; spear &c. (weapon) 727; puncher; punching machine, punching press; punch pliers.
	{{property_of(rotation)}} drill, borer, auger; corkscrew.
	{{has_subtype(drill)}} brace and bit.
	{{has_subtype(drill)}} {{property_of(electrical, @R157a)}} hand drill; reversible drill; variable-speed drill; drill press.

P2.3.1.3.12.6 hammer                           [[hammer]]
	N. {{function_of(impel, R276,P2.4.2.3)}} hammer; sledge hammer, sledge;lump hammer; mall, maul, mallet; ball peen hammer; tack hammer.
	{{function_of(impel, R276,P2.4.2.3)}} flail; ram, rammer[obs3]; battering ram, monkey, punch, bat; cant hook; cudgel &c. (weapon) 727; ax &c. (sharp) 253.
<-- powered machines should be elsewhere P2.3.1.3.17 -->

P2.3.1.3.12.7   press  {{function_of(impel, R276,P2.4.2.3)}}
	press; stamping machine; coin press.

P2.3.1.3.12.8  Manipulating instruments
	N. manipulator.
	micromanipulator; remote manipulator

P2.3.1.3.12.9  sorting instruments
	{{function_of(sorting/separation, @R44/isolation, @R55)}} {{uses(arrangement, R60)}} mesh, riddle; sorter.
	card sorter.
	{{has_part(sorter)}} bin.
	{{has_subtype(mesh)}} {{property_of(porosity, R252a, P1.2.4.3.2.3)}} sieve, screen, net.
	{{has_subtype(mesh)}} {{property_of(porosity, R252a, P1.2.4.3.2.3)}} {{function_of(clarification, @R652)}} strainer; filter; frit.
	{{has_subtype(mesh)}} {{property_of(porosity, R252a, P1.2.4.3.2.3)}} cloth.
	{{has_subtype(mesh)}} {{property_of(porosity, R252a, P1.2.4.3.2.3)}} sponge, honeycomb.

P2.3.1.3.12.10  Rotator
	N. {{function_of(rotation, R312)}} rotator.
	wheel; rotor; capstan.
	carousel, merry-go-round, whirligig; top, dreidel,teetotum[obs3]; gyroscope; turntable, lazy suzan; screw; gear;  roller; jack; drill, augur, oil rig; windmill rotor.
	rollingstone[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(wheel)}} roulette wheel; potter's wheel; pinwheel; flywheel; fantail, fly tackle; Ferris wheel.
	{{part_of(windmill rotor)}} {{function_of(grinding)}} windmill.
	{{part_of}} {{has_subtype(electricity generator)}} wind turbine.
	{{has_subtype(wheel)}} pulley wheel; wagon wheel; tire, tyre[Brit]; water wheel; caster.
	{{function_of(lifting)}} {{part_of(pulley wheel)}} pulley.
	{{has_subtype(rotor)}} {{function_of(sedimentation/separation)}} centrifuge.
	{{has_subtype(centrifuge)}} ultracentrifuge, bench centrifuge, refrigerated centrifuge, gas centrifuge; microcentrifuge, microfuge.
	{{has_subtype(rotor)}} axle, spindle; axle shaft; gymbal; bobbin, mandrel; drive shaft.
	pin, hinge, pole, arbor.
	hub, hub of rotation.
	{{has_part: axis of rotation, @R312}}.
	rotating bookshelf.
	whirling dervish[person who rotates].

P2.3.1.3.12.11  Scale
	N.  {{measured_by(weight)}} scale, scales, weighing machine, weighing instrument.
	spring balance.
	{{measured_by(mass)}} balance.
	{{has_subtype(balance)}} beam balance; electronic balance; microbalance; steelyard, beam scale, beam, weighbridge[obs3]; torsion balance; pulp balance; one-pan balance; top loading balance; piezoelectric balance.
	{{property_of(accurate)}} analytical balance; microgram balance.
	{{needs(balance)}} weights, standard weights.
	{{has_part(balance)}}  arm; pan; fulcrum.
	postal scale, baby scale.

P2.3.1.3.13   Entertainment devices (except (4)) R417
<-- [[entertainment]] 			electronic  TE 343, 344 (symb. POENTEL)
				musical instruments (symb. POMUSI)
-->
	N.  {{function_of(entertainment)}} entertainment device.

<-- devices which use electricity to power motors, such as movie cameras, are not electronic.  They can be classified as electrical.  -->
P2.3.1.3.13.1  Non-Electronic entertainment Devices  

P2.3.1.3.13.1.1  Musical Instruments  (R417)   [[musical]]
	#417. Musical Instruments. -- N. musical instruments.
	{{member_of}} band; string-band, brass-band; orchestra; orchestrina[obs3]; ensemble.
	reed instrument; Stringed instrument; Wind instrument; percussion instrument.
	{{has_subtype(Stringed instrument)}} monochord[obs3], polychord[obs3]; harp; mandola[obs3], mandolin, mandoline[obs3]; guitar; gittern[obs3], rebeck[obs3], bandurria[obs3]; bandura; banjo; bina[obs3], vina[obs3]; xanorphica[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(harp)}}  aeolian harp, aeolian lyre, wind harp; cither, zither, cithern[obs3]; dulcimer; lyre.
	{{has_subtype(bowed stringed instrument)}} viol, violin, fiddle, kit; viola;  tenor viol, viola d'amore; cello, viola da gamba[It]; tenor, cremona, violoncello; bass, bass fiddle, bass viol, base viol, bull fiddle, double bass, contrabass, string bass; theorbo[obs3], double base, contrabasso[obs3], violone[obs3], *psaltery;  viola da braccio.
	{{needs(bowed stringed instrument)}} bow, fiddlestick[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(guitar)}} acoustic guitar; electric guitar; gittern; Hawaiian guitar, uke, ukulele; steel guitar.
	{{has_subtype(Stringed instrument)}} lute, archlute[obs3]; mandolin; mandola; balalaika; banjo.

	{{has_subtype(Stringed instrument)}} {{has_subtype(percussion instrument)}} piano, pianoforte; harpsichord, clavichord, clarichord[obs3], manichord[obs3]; clavier, spinet, virginals, dulcimer, vielle[obs3], pianino[obs3], Eolian harp.
	{{has_subtype(piano)}}  grand piano; baby grand, parlor grand; concert grand, concert piano, grand; mechanical piano, Pianola, player piano; upright, upright piano; spinet.
	{{has_subtype(free-reed instrument)}} {{part_of(bellows)}} accordion, piano accordion, squeeze box, seraphina[obs3]; concertina.
	{{has_subtype(free-reed instrument)}} harmonica, mouth organ;  harmonium, organ, reed organ; American organ.

	{{has_subtype(Wind instrument)}}  organ; harmonium, harmoniphon[obs3];  calliope, steam organ; electric organ, Hammond organ.
	grind organ, hurdy gurdy, street organ, American organ[obs3], barrel organ, hand organ.
	humming top.
	{{has_subtype(Wind instrument)}} {{has_subtype(reed instrument)} flute, fife, piccolo, flageolet; clarinet, claronet[obs3]; basset horn, corno di bassetto[obs3], oboe, hautboy; bassoon, contrabassoon, double bassoon, contrafagotto[obs3], serpent, bass clarinet.
	{{has_subtype(Wind instrument)}} pipe; horn.
	{{has_subtype(pipe)}} pitch pipe; bagpipe, bagpipes, union pipeschanter, melody pipe; drone, drone pipe, bourdon; fipple flute, fipple pipe, recorder, flute; flageolet, treble recorder; penny whistle, tin whistle, whistle, catcall.
	musette, ocarina; Pandean pipes, pipes of Pan, panpipe, syrinx, sirene[obs3]; sourdet[obs3].
<-- ; doodlesack[obs3], harmoniphone[obs3].  -->
	{{has_subtype(horn)}} bugle, cornet, cornet-a-pistons, cornopean[obs1], clarion, trumpet, trombone, ophicleide[obs3]; French horn; saxophone, sax [informal], buglehorn[obs3], saxhorn, flugelhorn[obs3]; althorn[obs3], helicanhorn[obs3], posthorn[obs3]; sackbut, euphonium; bombardon tuba[obs3];  English horn, cor Anglais[Fr], corno Inglese[It].
	{{has_subtype(percussion instrument)}}  cymbal, bell, gong; tambourine, tambour[obs2], tamborine[obs3]; drum, tympan.
	{{has_subtype(bell)}} handbell.
	{{member_of(bell)}} carillon.
	{{has_subtype(drum)}} tabor, tabour, tabret[obs3], tabourine[obs3], taborin[obs3]; side drum, snare drum; kettle drum, kettle, tympanum, timpani, tympani[obs3]; bass drum;  bongo, bongo drum; tymbal[obs3], timbrel[obs3];  tenor drum, tom-tom.

	castanet, bones; musical glasses, musical stones; sounding-board, rattle; tam-tam, zambomba[obs3].
	[Vibrating bars] xylophone, reed,   marimba, vibraphone, glockenspiel, orchestral bells; tuning fork; triangle; Jew's harp; music box, musical box, harmonicon[obs3].
	sordine[obs3], sordet[obs3]; sourdine[obs3], sourdet[obs3]; mute.

P2.3.1.3.13.2  Electronic entertainment Devices  
	{{has_subtype(P2.3.1.3.19.1 electronic device)}} {{function_of(entertainment)}} electronic entertainment device.

P2.3.1.3.13.2.1  Radio  [[radio]]
	N.  radio, radio receiver, receiver.

P2.3.1.3.13.2.2  Television
	N.  television, TV, television receiver, tube, boob tube[coll.].

P2.3.1.3.13.2.3  Phonograph
	N. {{function_of(playing music)}} phonograph, record player.
	Victrola.
	{{has_part}} turntable; needle, stylus.
	{{has_subtype(stylus)}} diamond stylus.
	{{needs}} {{has_subtype(disc)}} record, platter; vinyl record.
	{{has_part(record)}} groove.

<-- 	toys (symb. POTOY)   -->
P2.3.1.3.14  Informational Artifact [except computers] (symb. POINFO)
	N.  informational artifact, information, piece of information; datum.

<-- record was moved here from M8.1.3.2, natural means of communication.
    This entry contains teh physical objects which constitute a record of some idea.  -->
P2.3.1.3.14.1  Record  (R551)   [[Record]]
	#551. Record. -- N. record, recording; trace, vestige.
	relic, remains; scar, cicatrix.
	footprint, footstep, footmark[obs3]; pug; track, track mark, wake, trail.
	{{property_of(impermanence)}} {{causes(animal)}} scent, spoor,  piste[obs3].
	memorial.
	{{has_subtype(memorial)}} {{has_subtype(structure}} monument; obelisk, pillar, column, monolith.
	{{has_subtype(memorial)}} hatchment.
	{{has_subtype(memorial)}} plaque.
	{{has_subtype(memorial)}} trophy, winner's cup, cup; slab, tablet, achievement.
	{{has_instance(trophy)}} Oscar; Emmy.
	{{has_subtype(memorial): memento &c. (memory) 505; testimonial, medal; commemoration &c. (celebration) 883}}.
	record, note, minute; register, registry; roll &c. (list) 86; cartulary, diptych, Domesday book; catalogue raisonne[Fr]; entry, memorandum, indorsement[obs3], inscription, copy, duplicate, docket; notch &c. (mark) 550; muniment[obs3], deed &c. (security) 771; document; deposition, proces verbal[Fr]; affidavit; certificate &c. (evidence) 467.
	notebook, memorandum book, memo book, pocketbook, commonplace book; portfolio; pigeonholes, excerpta[obs3], adversaria[Lat], jottings, dottings[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(document)}} gazette, gazetteer; newspaper, daily, magazine; almanac, almanack[obs3]; calendar, ephemeris, diary, log, journal, daybook, ledger; cashbook[obs3], petty cashbook[obs3]; professional journal, scientific literature, the literature, primary literature, secondary literature, article, review article.
	archive, scroll, state paper, return, blue book; statistics &c. 86; compte rendu[Fr]; Acts of, Transactions of, Proceedings of; Hansard's Debates.
	{{hcreates(annalist)}} (chronicle, annals, legend; history, biography &c. 594; Congressional Records.
	registration; registry; enrollment, inrollment[obs3]; tabulation; entry, booking; signature &c. (identification) 550; recorder &c. 553; journalism.
	[analog recording media] recording, tape recording, videotape.
	[digital recording media]  compact disk; floppy disk, diskette;  hard disk, Winchester disk; read-only memory, ROM; write once read mostly memory, WORM; floptical disk; rewritable optical disk; digital tape, DAT.

p2.3.1.3.14.2   Writing Instrument
	pen, ball-point pen, fountain pen; quill.
	pencil, lead pencil, mechanical pencil.
	typewriter; electric typewriter.
	{{has_subtype}} word processor.
	{{uses(word processor): word processing program; word processor, editor}}.

P2.3.1.3.15	computer                          [[computer]]
<--   		Calculators and Computers(unintelligent)	
			d.  Intelligent computers  (POAI)
							non-robotic
							robots
-->
	N.  calculater, computer, calculating machine.

P2.3.1.3.15.1  Computers and calculating machines generally
P2.3.1.3.15.2  Non-electronic calculators
	calculator.
	adding machine; abacus.
	{{has_subtype(adding machine)}} hand-cranked adding machine; electrical adding machine.
	sorting machine, sorter; card sorter, punched-card sorter.

P2.3.1.3.15.3  electronic calculators
	electronic calculator, calculator.
	desk calculator; hand calculator, pocket calculator; card-sized calculator, wallet-sized calculator, credit-card-sized calculator.

P2.3.1.3.15.4  electronic computers
P2.3.1.3.15.4.1  electronic computers generally
P2.3.1.3.15.4.1.1   Computer
	Computer.  -- N.  computer, electronic computer.
	{{has_subtype: digital computer}} analog computer.

P2.3.1.3.15.4.1.2   digital Computer
	general-purpose computer; dedicated computer; dedicated microprocessor.
	{{has_subtype: mainframe (P2.3.1.3.15.4.2); minicomputer (P2.3.1.3.15.4.3); microcomputer}}.
	{{has_subtype(microcomputer): workstation; personal computer; game computer}}.
	{{has_part}} motherboard, main board, planar board.
	{{has_part}} random-access memory, RAM; case, outer case; power supply; power cord; peripheral device, peripheral.
	{{has_part(motherboard)}} processor; system clock; bus; BIOS chip}}.
	{{&has_part(motherboard)}} coprocessor, co-processor; read-only memory, ROM; bus arbitrator.
	{{has_subtype(bus)}} system bus; local bus
	{{has_subtype(processor)}} microprocessor.

P2.3.1.3.15.4.1.3  Peripheral device
	peripheral device, peripheral.

P2.3.1.3.15.4.1.3.1  data storage device  {{requires: data storage medium}}
	data storage device, mass storage device.
	disk drive; magnetic tape drive; paper tape drive; bubble memory.
	{{has_subtype(disk drive): hard disk drive, fixed disk; floppy disk drive, floppy drive, floppy; compact disk drive, CD-ROM; WORM drive, WORM; rewritable optical disk drive; floptical drive}}.
	{{has_subtype(compact disk drive)}} {{property_of(plurality, R100)}} carousel, minichanger.

P2.3.1.3.15.4.1.3.2  data storage medium 
	mass storage, data storage medium.
	paper tape; magnetic medium, magnetic media;  optical medium, optical media.
	{{has_subtype(optical medium)}} compact disk, CD-ROM; write once read mostly memory, WORM.
	{{has_subtype(magnetic medium)}} floppy disk, floppy, diskette; hard disk, fixed disk; magnetic tape, tape, digital tape.

          P2.3.1.3.15.4.2  mainframe
          P2.3.1.3.15.4.3  minicomputer
          P2.3.1.3.15.4.4  microcomputer
          P2.3.1.3.15.4.5  workstation
          P2.3.1.3.15.4.6  supercomputer
          P2.3.1.3.15.4.7  dedicated microprocessor
        P2.3.1.3.15.5  Electronic computer parts
        P2.3.1.3.15.6  electronic computer manufacturers

P2.3.1.3.16    Conveyance R271 to R273  [[conveyance]]
	conveyance, transportation; transport.
	private transport.
	public transport.

P2.3.1.3.16.1  Carrier (R271)
	#271. Carrier. -- N. carrier, porter, bearer, tranter[obs1], conveyer; cargador[obs3]; express, expressman; stevedore, coolie; conductor, locomotive, motor.
	beast, beast of burden, cattle, horse, nag, palfrey, Arab[obs3], blood horse, thoroughbred, galloway[obs3], charger, courser, racer, hunter, jument[obs3], pony, filly, colt, foal, barb, roan, jade, hack, bidet, pad, cob, tit, punch, roadster, goer[obs3]; racehorse, pack horse, draft horse, cart horse, dray horse, post horse; ketch; Shetland pony, shelty, sheltie; garran[obs3], garron[obs3]; jennet, genet[obs3], bayard[obs3], mare, stallion, gelding; bronco, broncho[obs3], cayuse [U.S.]; creature, critter [rural U.S.]; cow pony, mustang, Narraganset, waler[obs3]; stud.
	Pegasus, Bucephalus, Rocinante.
	ass, donkey, jackass, mule, hinny; sumpter horse, sumpter mule; burro, cuddy[obs3], ladino [obs3][U.S.]; reindeer; camel, dromedary, llama, elephant; carrier pigeon.
	[object used for carrying] pallet, brace, cart, dolley; support &c. 215; fork lift.
	carriage &c. (vehicle) 272; ship &c. 273.
	Adj. equine, asinine.

[[vehicle]]
P2.3.1.3.16.2  Vehicle(R272)
	#272. Vehicle. -- N. vehicle, conveyance, transport.
	carriage, caravan, van; common carrier; wagon, waggon[obs3], wain, dray, cart, truck, lorry.
	tram; cariole, carriole[obs3]; limber, tumbrel, pontoon; barrow; wheel barrow, hand barrow; perambulator; Bath chair, wheel chair, sedan chair; chaise; palankeen[obs3], palanquin; litter, brancard[obs3], crate, hurdle, stretcher, ambulance; black Maria; conestoga wagon, conestoga wain; jinrikisha, ricksha, brett[obs3], dearborn [obs3][U.S.], dump cart, hack, hackery[obs3], jigger, kittereen[obs3], mailstate[obs3], manomotor[obs3], rig, rockaway[obs3], prairie schooner [U.S.], shay, sloven [Can.], team, tonga[obs3], wheel; hobbyhorse, go-cart; cycle; bicycle, bike, two-wheeler; tricycle, velocipede, quadricycle[obs3].
	equipage, turn-out; coach, chariot, phaeton, break, mail phaeton, wagonette, drag, curricle[obs3], tilbury[obs3], whisky, landau, barouche, victoria, brougham, clarence[obs3], calash, caleche[French], britzka[obs3], araba[obs3], kibitka[obs3]; berlin; sulky, desobligeant[French], sociable, vis-a-vis, dormeuse[Fr]; jaunting car, outside car; dandi[obs3]; doolie[obs3], dooly[obs3]; munchil[obs3], palki[obs3].
	roller skates, skate; ski; tonjon[obs3]; vettura[obs3].
	post chaise, diligence, stage; stage coach, mail coach, hackney coach, glass coach; stage wagon, omnibus, fly, cabriolet[obs3], shofle[obs3], four-wheeler, growler, droshki[obs3], drosky[obs3].
	dogcart, trap, whitechapel, buggy, four-in-hand, unicorn[obs2], random, tandem; shandredhan[obs3], char-a-bancs[French].
	automobile, motor car, car, auto, autocar.
	{{has_subtype(automobile)}} limousine; runabout; jalopy, clunker, lemon; flivver, coupe, sedan; two-door sedan; four-door sedan, luxury sedan; wheels [coll.], sports car, roadster; gran turismo[It],  jeep, four-wheel drive vehicle, off-track vehicle; beach buggy; electric car; steamer.
station wagon, family car; racing car, racer, hot rod, stock car, souped-up car.
	{{has_subtype(automobile)}} {{has_subtype(public transport)}} taxicab, cab, hansom, taxicoach[obs3], checker cab, yellow cab.
	golf cart, electric wagon.
	motorcycle, motor bike, side car.
	{{has_subtype(motorcyle)}} Harley, Harley-Davidson; Yamaha.
	van, minivan, bus, minibus, microbus; truck, wagon, pick-up wagon, pick-up, tractor-trailer, road train, articulated vehicle.
	bob, bobsled, bobsleigh[obs3]; cutter; double ripper, double runner [U.S.]; jumper, sled, sledge, sleigh, toboggan.
	train; accommodation train, passenger train, express trail, special train, corridor train, parliamentary train, luggage train, freight train, goods train; 1st class train, 2nd class train, 3rd  class train, 1st class carriage, 2nd class carriage, 3rd class carriage, 1st class compartment, 2nd class compartment, 3rd class compartment; rolling stock; horse box, cattle truck; baggage car, express car, freight car, parlor car, dining car, Pullman car, sleeping car, sleeper, dome car; surface car, tram car, trolley, trolley car; box car, box wagon; horse car [U.S.]; bullet train, shinkansen [Jap.], cannonball, the Wabash cannonball, lightning express; luggage van; mail, mail car, mail van.
	airplane, plane, airliner; airship.
	shovel, spool, spatula, ladle, hod, hoe; spade, spaddle[obs3], loy[obs3]; spud; pitchfork; post hole digger.
	[powered construction vehicles] tractor, steamshovel, backhoe, fork lift, earth mover, dump truck, bulldozer, grader, caterpillar, trench digger, steamroller; pile driver; crane, wrecking crane.

P2.3.1.3.16.3  Ship  (R273)
	#273. Ship. -- N. ship, vessel, sail; craft, bottom.
	navy, marine, fleet, flotilla; shipping.
	man of war &c. (combatant) 726; transport, tender, storeship[obs3]; merchant ship, merchantman; packet, liner; whaler, slaver, collier, coaster, lighter; fishing boat, pilot boat; trawler, hulk; yacht; baggala[obs3]; floating hotel, floating palace; ocean greyhound.
	ship, bark, barque, brig, snow, hermaphrodite brig; brigantine, barkantine[obs3]; schooner; topsail schooner, for and aft schooner, three masted schooner; chasse-maree[Fr]; sloop, cutter, corvette, clipper, foist, yawl, dandy, ketch, smack, lugger, barge, hoy[obs3], cat, buss; sailer, sailing vessel; windjammer; steamer, steamboat, steamship, liner, ocean liner, cruisp, flap, dab, pat, thump, beat, blow, bang, slam, dash; punch, thwack, whack; hit hard, strike hard; swap, batter, dowse[obs1], baste; pelt, patter, buffet, belabor; fetch one a blow; poke at, pip, ship of the line; destroyer, cruiser, frigate; landing ship, LST[abbr]; aircraft carrier, carrier, flattop[coll.], nuclear powered carrier; submarine, submersible, atomic submarine.
	boat, pinnace, launch; life boat, long boat, jolly boat, bum boat, fly boat, cock boat, ferry oat, canal boat; swamp boat, ark, bully [Nfld.], bateau  battery[Can.], broadhorn[obs3], dory, droger[obs3], drogher; dugout, durham boat, flatboat, galiot[obs3]; shallop[obs3], gig, funny, skiff, dingy, scow, cockleshell, wherry, coble[obs3], punt, cog, kedge, lerret[obs3]; eight oar, four oar, pair oar; randan[obs3]; outrigger; float, raft, pontoon; prame[obs3]; iceboat, ice canoe, ice yacht.
	catamaran, hydroplane, hovercraft,coracle, gondola, carvel[obs3], caravel; felucca, caique[obs3], canoe, birch bark canoe, dugout canoe,; galley, galleyfoist[obs3]; bilander[obs3], dogger[obs3], hooker, howker[obs3]; argosy, carack[obs3]; galliass[obs3], galleon; polacca[obs3], polacre[obs3], tartane[obs3], junk, lorcha[obs3], praam[obs3], proa[obs3], prahu[obs3], saick[obs3], sampan, xebec, dhow; dahabeah[obs3]; nuggah[obs3]; kayak, keel boat [U.S.], log canoe, pirogue; quadrireme[obs3], trireme; stern-wheeler [U.S.]; wanigan[obs3], wangan [obs3][U.S.], wharf boat.
	balloon; airship, aeroplane; biplane, monoplane, triplane[obs3]; hydroplane; aerodrome; air balloon, pilot balloon, fire balloon, dirigible, zeppelin; aerostat, Montgolfier; kite, parachute.
	jet plane, rocket plane, jet liner, turbojet, prop-jet, propeller plane; corporate plane, corporate jet, private plane, private aviation; airline, common carrier; fighter, bomber, fighter-bomber, escort plane, spy plane; supersonic aircraft, subsonic aircraft.
	{{has_part}} {{property_of(lowness, R207)}} hold, bilge.

	Adv. afloat, aboard; on board, on ship board; hard a lee, hard a port, hard a starboard, hard a weather.

P2.3.1.3.17  Powered Machines R386, R387     [[machine]]
			(exc. vehicles(15) (2)&(4-6))  (symb. POMACH)
<--  				386.	Furnace
					387.	Refrigeratory
-->
P2.3.1.3.17.1  Furnace (R386)
	#386. Furnace. -- N. furnace, stove, kiln, oven; cracker; hearth, focus, combustion chamber;  athanor[obs3], hypocaust[obs3], reverberatory; volcano; forge, fiery furnace; limekiln; Dutch oven; tuyere, brasier[obs3], salamander, heater, warming pan; boiler, caldron, seething caldron, pot; urn, kettle; chafing-dish; retort, crucible, alembic, still; waffle irons; muffle furnace, induction furnace; electric heater, electric furnace, electric resistance heat.
	[steel-making furnace] open-hearth furnace.
	fireplace, gas fireplace; coal fire, wood fire;  fire-dog, fire-irons; grate, range, kitchener; caboose, camboose[obs3]; poker, tongs, shovel, ashpan, hob, trivet; andiron, gridiron; ashdrop; frying-pan, stew-pan, backlog.
	[area near a fireplace] hearth, inglenook.
	[residential heating methods] oil burner, gas burner, Franklin stove, pot-bellied stove; wood-burning stove; central heating, steam heat, hot water heat, gas heat, forced hot air, electric heat, heat pump; solar heat, convective heat.
	hothouse, bakehouse[obs3], washhouse[obs3]; laundry; conservatory;
	sudatory[obs3]; Turkish bath, Russian bath, vapor bath, steam bath, sauna, warm bath; vaporarium[obs3].

P2.3.1.3.17.2 Refrigerator (R387)
	#387. Refrigerator. -- N. refrigerator, refrigeratory[obs3]; frigidarium[obs3]; cold storage, cold room, cold laboratory; icehouse, icepail, icebag, icebox; cooler, damper, polyurethane cooler; wine cooler.
	freezer, deep freeze, dry ice freezer, liquid nitrogen freezer, refigerator-freezer.
	[refrigerating substances] freezing mixture, ice, ice cubes, blocks of ice, chipped ice;  liquid nitrogen, dry ice, dry ice-acetone, liquid helium.

P2.3.1.3.17.3 driver
	N. {{carried_out_by(impel, R276,P2.4.2.3)}} pile driver, pile-driving engine.
	{{carried_out_by(impel, R276,P2.4.2.3)}} jack hammer, air hammer, pneumatic hammer.

	<-- c 388. fuel under POM , processed natural materials -->
	<-- cf. 389. thermometeter under POMEAS, measuring instruments -->
		<-- cf. 382-385 heat, cold under physics  -->

P2.3.1.3.18   Other Devices
<-- other devices include anything not covered in the above categories
a "device" here is generally something small enough for a person to carry and use.  Not a hard definition.
-->
	device, simple device, small device.

P2.3.1.3.18.1  Devices generally

P2.3.1.3.18.2  alarm
<-- && here we haven't yet distinguished between the detector and effector parts of an alarm device -->
	alarm
	{{&part_of: device/machine/conveyance}}.
	{{emits: signal, M8.1.3.3.1.2}}.
	{{has_part: sensor, P2.3.1.3.18.3}}.
	{{carries_out}}  monitoring, guarding.
	{{caused_by: malfunction; abnormal condition}}.
	{{has_subtype}  fire alarm, smoke detector, heat detector; burglar alarm; overpressure alarm; underpressure alarm; overtemperature alarm.

P2.3.1.3.18.3  sensor
P2.3.1.3.18.3.1  sensors generally
	sensor, detector, transducer.
	{{&has_part: measuring instrument, P2.3.1.3.12.3}}.
	{{has_subtype}} electronic sensor; electrical sensor; mechanical sensor.
	{{has_subtype}} smoke detector.
	{{&part_of: alarm, P2.3.2.3.18.2}}.

P2.3.1.3.19   electrical and electronic Devices [not covered elsewhere]
P2.3.1.3.19.1 electronic devices generally
	N.  electronic device.
	telecommunication device.
	{{has_part(telecommunication device)}} {{emitted_by(radio wave)}} transmitter, radio wave transmitter.
	{{has_function(transmitter)}} radio wave transmission, transmission.
	{{has_function(receiver)}} radio wave reception, reception.
	{{has_method(radio wave transmission)}} AM transmission, amplitude modulation transmission; FM transmission, frequency modulation transmission.
	{{has_subtype(transmitter)}} television transmitter; radio transmitter; radar transmitter; microwave transmitter.
	{{needed_by(radio wave)}} receiver, radio wave receiver, wireless.
	{{has_subtype(transmitter)}} {{has_subtype(receiver)}} radar.
	{{has_subtype(radar)}} radar gun, radar speed meter.
	{{has_subtype(radar)}} {{property_of(multiplicity)}} radar screen.
	{{has_location(radar)}} {{has_subtype(structure): radar dome}}.
	{{has_subtype(transmitter)}} AM transmitter; FM transmitter.

P2.3.1.3.19.2 components of electrical and electronic devices
<-- many of these components may themselves be referred to as electrical or electronic devices, and are also part of electrical devices -->
	{{has_part: electronic device, P2.3.1.3.19.1}}.
electronic device component, component.
	resistor; capacitor; induction coil; rectifier.
	electromagnet.
	vacuum tube, diode, triode, tetrode, pentode.
	transistor.
	{{has_subtype(transistor)}} NPN; PNP; field-effect transistor, FET; metal oxide field effect transistor, MOSFET.
	{{has_part(transmitter, @P2.3.1.3.19.1/receiver, @P2.3.1.3.19.1)}} antenna, aerial.
	{{has_subtype(antenna, @P2.3.1.3.19.2)}} television antenna; FM antenna; directional antenna; omnidirectional antenna; high-gain antenna; low-gain antenna; transmission tower; loop antenna; rabbit ears; shortwave antenna; whip antenna; auto antenna; mast; parabolic antenna; horn antenna, horn, horn-shaped antenna; dish, dish antenna.
	{{has_subtype(dish antenna)}} satellite dish.

<-- [[furniture]]  -->
P2.3.1.3.20  Furniture
	{{location_of(building)}} furniture, furnishings.
	{{&has_part}} upholstery.
	{{function_of(support,  R215, P1.2.2.2.2.4)}} counter, dresser; flange, corbel ; table, trestle; shoulder; perch; horse; easel, desk; clotheshorse, hatrack; retable; teapoy[obs3].; mantel, mantle piece
	{{function_of(support,  R215, P1.2.2.2.2.4)}} seat.
	{{has_subtype(seat)}} chair; bench, form, stool; couch, sofa, settee, love seat; throne, dais; divan, musnud[obs3]; stall, booth, pew; fauteuil[Fr], woolsack[obs3], ottoman, settle, squab; aparejo[obs3], faldstool[obs3], horn.
	{{has_subtype(chair)}} arm chair, easy chair; reclining chair, recliner; elbow chair, rocking chair; long chair, long sleeve chair, morris chair; wing chair; lamba chauki[obs3], lamba kursi[obs3]; folding chair; lawn chair.
	saddle, pannel[obs3], pillion; side saddle, pack saddle; pommel.
	{{function_of(support,  R215, P1.2.2.2.2.4)}} bed, berth, pallet, tester, crib, cot, hammock, shakedown, trucklebed[obs3], litter, stretcher, bedstead; four poster, French bed, bunk, kip, palang[obs3]; bedding, bichhona, mattress, paillasse[obs3]; pillow, bolster; mat, rug, cushion.
	{{function_of(support,  R215, P1.2.2.2.2.4)}} footstool, hassock; tabouret[obs3]; tripod, monopod.
	{{has_subtype(container)}} bunker, buffet, press, clothespress, safe, sideboard, drawer, chest of drawers, chest on chest, highboy, lowboy, till, scrutoire[obs1], secretary, secretaire, davenport, bookcase, cabinet, canterbury; escritoire, etagere, vargueno, vitrine.
	{[of(baby)]} {{has_subtype(bed)}} cradle, bassinet.

<-- the following category excludes food, cooking,  and furniture -->
P2.3.1.3.21  household Supplies 
	household supply, household necessity.
	cleanser.
	sweeper.

P2.3.1.3.21  Medical INstruments
	N.  medical instrument.
	syringe, needle, hypodermic needle.

<--  =============================================================  -->

P2.3.2 Animate Organic Objects  (R357 to R449)  [[animate]]
					(excludes robots & aliens)
					(except sensation, R382-389,R402-405, R420-427
					R445 optical instr., R417 Musical Instr.)
P2.3.2.1  animate objects generally (R357 to R 371)

<--  		   ( VITALITY  In General )
		357.	Organization.				358.	Inorganization
		359.	Life						360.	Death
             							361.	Killing
									362.	Corpse
									363.	Interment

		654. Health					655  Disease
		656. Salubrity					657. Insalubrity
-->
	#357. Organization. -- N. organized world, organized nature; living nature, animated nature; living beings; organic remains, fossils.
	protoplasm, cytoplasm, protein; albumen; structure &c. 329; organization, organism.
	 biology[Science of living beings]; natural history, organic chemistry, anatomy, physiology; zoology &c. 368; botany; microbiology, virology, bacteriology, mycology &c. 369; naturalist.
	archegenesis &c. (production) 161[obs3]; antherozoid[obs3], bioplasm[obs3], biotaxy[obs3], chromosome, dysmeromorph[obs3]; ecology, oecology; erythroblast[Physiol], gametangium[obs3], gamete, germinal matter, invagination[Biol]; isogamy[obs3], oogamy[obs3]; karyaster[obs3]; macrogamete[obs3], microgamete[obs3]; metabolism, anabolism, catabolism; metaplasm[obs3], ontogeny, ovary, ovum, oxidation, phylogeny, polymorphism, protozoa, spermary[obs3], spermatozoon, trophoplasm[obs3], vacuole, vertebration[obs3], zoogloea[obs3], zygote.
	Darwinism, neo-Darwinism, Lamarkism, neoLamarkism, Weismannism.
	morphology, taxonomy.
	Adj. organic, organized; karyoplasmic[obs3], unsegmentic[obs3], vacuolar, zoogloeic[obs3], zoogloeoid[obs3].

	#358. Inorganization. -- N.  mineral world,mineral kingdom; unorganized matter, inorganic matter, brute matter, inanimate matter. 
	 mineralogy[Science of the mineral kingdom], geology, geognosy[obs3], geoscopy[obs3]; metallurgy, metallography[obs3]; lithology; oryctology[obs1], oryctography[obs1].
	V. turn to dust; mineralize, fossilize.
	Adj. inorganic, inanimate, inorganized[obs3]; lithoidal[obs3]; azoic; mineral.

	#359. Life. -- N. life, vitality, viability; animation; vital spark, vital flame, soul, spirit. 
	respiration, wind; breath of life, breath of one's nostrils; oxygen, air.
	[devices to sustain respiration] respirator, artificial respirator, heart and lung machine, iron lung; medical devices &c. 662.
	lifeblood; Archeus[obs3]; existence &c. 1.
	vivification;  vital force; vitalization; revivification &c. 163; Prometheus; life to come &c. (destiny) 152.
	[Science of life] physiology, biology; animal ecology.
	nourishment, staff of life &c. (food) 298.
	genetics, heredity, inheritance, evolution, natural selection, reproduction (production) 161.
	microbe, aerobe, anaerobe, facultative anaerobe, obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe, halophile[Microbiol], methanogen[Microbiol], archaebacteria[Microb], microaerophile[Microbiol].
	animal &c. 366; vegetable &c. 367.
	artificial life, robot, robotics, artificial intelligence.
	[vital signs] breathing, breathing rate, heartbeat, pulse, temperature.
	preservation of life, healing (medicine) 662.
	V. be alive &c. adj.; live, breathe, respire; subsist &c. (exist) 1; walk the earth "strut and fret one's hour upon the stage" [Macbeth]; be spared.
	see the light, be born, come into the world, fetch breath, draw breath, fetch the breath of life, draw the breath of life; quicken; revive; come to life.
	give birth to &c. (produce) 161; bring to life, put into life, vitalize; vivify, vivificate[obs3]; reanimate &c. (restore) 660; keep alive, keep body and soul together, keep the wolf from the door; support life.
	have nine lives like a cat.
	Adj. living, alive; in life, in the flesh, in the land of the living; on this side of the grave, above ground, breathing, quick, animated; animative[obs3]; lively &c. (active) 682; all alive and kicking; tenacious of life; full of life, yeasty.
	vital, vitalic[obs3]; vivifying, vivified, &c. v.; viable, zoetic[obs3]; Promethean.
	Adv. vivendi causa[Lat].
	Phr. atqui vivere militare est [Lat][Seneca]; non est vivere sed valere vita [Lat][Marial].

	#360. Death. -- N. death; decease, demise; dissolution, departure, obit, release, rest, quietus, fall; loss, bereavement; mortality, morbidity.
	end of life &c. 67, cessation of life &c. 142, loss of life, extinction of life, ebb of life &c. 359.
	death warrant, death watch, death rattle, death bed; stroke of death, agonies of death, shades of death, valley of death, jaws of death, hand of death; last breath, last gasp, last agonies; dying day, dying breath, dying agonies; chant du cygne[Fr]; rigor mortis[Lat]; Stygian shore.
	King of terrors, King Death; Death; doom &c. (necessity) 601; "Hell's grim Tyrant" [Pope].
	euthanasia; break up of the system; natural death, natural decay; sudden death, violent death; untimely end, watery grave; debt of nature; suffocation, asphyxia; fatal disease &c. (disease) 655; death blow &c. (killing) 361.
	necrology, bills of mortality, obituary; death song &c. (lamentation) 839.
	V. die, expire, perish; meet one's death, meet one's end; pass away, be taken; yield  one's breath, resign one's breath; resign one's being, resign one's life; end one's days, end one's life, end one's earthly career; breathe one's last; cease to live, cease to breathe; depart this life; be no more &c. adj.; go off, drop off, pop off; lose one's life, lay down one's life, relinquish one's life, surrender one's life; drop into the grave, sink into the grave; close one's eyes; fall dead, drop dead, fall down dead,  drop down dead; break one's neck; give up the ghost, yield up the ghost;  be all over with one.
	pay the debt to nature, shuffle off this mortal coil, take one's last sleep; go the way of all flesh; hand in one's checks, pass in one's checks, hand in one's chips, pass in one's chips [U.S.]; join the greater number, join the majority; come to dust, turn to dust; cross the Stygian ferry, cross the bar; go to one's long account, go to one's last home, go to Davy Jones's locker, go to the wall; receive one's death warrant, make one's will, step out, die a natural death, go out like the snuff of a candle; come to an untimely end; catch one's death; go off the hooks, kick the bucket, buy the farm, hop the twig, turn up one's toes; die a violent death &c. (be killed) 361.
	Adj. dead, lifeless; deceased, demised, departed, defunct, extinct; late, gone, no more; exanimate[obs3], inanimate; out of the world, taken off, released; departed this life &c. v.; dead and gone; dead as a doornail, dead as a doorpost[obs3], dead as a mutton, dead as a herring, dead as nits; launched into eternity, gone to one's eternal reward, gone to meet one's maker, pushing up daisies, gathered to one's fathers, numbered with the dead.
	dying &c. v.; moribund, morient[obs1]; hippocratic; in articulo, in extremis; in the jaws of death, in the agony of death; going off; aux abois[Fr]; one one's last legs, on one's death bed; at the point of death, at death's door,, at the last gasp; near one's end, given over, booked; with one foot in the grave, tottering on the brink of the grave.
	stillborn; mortuary; deadly &c. (killing) 361.
	Adv. post obit, post mortem[Lat].
	Phr. life ebbs, life fails, life hangs by a thread; one's days are numbered, one's hour is come, one's race is run, one's doom is sealed; Death knocks at the door, Death stares one in the face; the breath is out of the body; the grave closes over one; sic itur ad astra [Lat][Vergil]; de mortuis nil nisi bonum[Lat]; dulce et decorum est pro patria mori [Lat][Horace]; honesta mors turpi vita potior [Lat][Tacitus]; "in adamantine chains shall death be bound" [Pope]; mors ultima linea rerum est [Lat][Girace]; ominia mors aequat [Lat][Claudianus]; "Spake the grisly Terror" [Paradise Lost]; "the lone couch of this everlasting sleep" [Shelley]; nothing is certain but death and taxes.

	#361. [Destruction of live; violent death.] Killing. -- N. killing &c. v.; homicide, manslaughter, murder, assassination, trucidation[obs1], iccusion[obs1]; effusion of blood; blood, blood shed; gore, slaughter, carnage, butchery; battue[obs3].
	massacre; fusillade, noyade[obs3]; thuggery, Thuggism[obs3].
	deathblow, finishing stroke, coup de grace, quietus; execution &c. (capital punishment) 972; judicial murder; martyrdom.
	butcher, slayer, murderer, Cain, assassin, terrorist, cutthroat, garroter, bravo, Thug, Moloch, matador, sabreur[obs3]; guet-a-pens;  gallows, executioner &c. (punishment) 975; man-eater, apache[obs3], hatchet man [U.S.], highbinder [obs3][U.S.].
	regicide,  parricide, matricide, fratricide, infanticide, feticide, foeticide[obs3], uxoricide[obs3], vaticide[obs3].
	suicide, felo de se[obs3], hara-kiri, suttee, Juggernath[obs3]; immolation, auto da fe, holocaust.
	suffocation, strangulation, garrote; hanging &c. v.; lapidation[obs3].
	deadly weapon &c. (arms) 727; Aceldama[obs3].
	[Destruction of animals] slaughtering; phthisozoics[obs3]; sport, sporting; the chase, venery; hunting, coursing, shooting, fishing; pig-sticking; sportsman, huntsman, fisherman; hunter, Nimrod; slaughterhouse, meat packing plant, shambles, abattoir.
	fatal accident, violent death, casualty.
	V. kill, put to death, slay, shed blood; murder, assassinate, butcher, slaughter, victimize, immolate; massacre; take away life, deprive of life;  make away with, put an end to; despatch, dispatch; burke, settle, do for.
	strangle, garrote, hang, throttle, choke, stifle, suffocate, stop the breath, smother, asphyxiate, drown.
	saber; cut down, cut to pieces, cut the throat; jugulate[obs3]; stab, run through the body, bayonet, eviscerate; put to the sword, put to the edge of the sword.
	shoot dead; blow one's brains out; brain, knock on the head; stone, lapidate[obs3]; give a deathblow; deal a deathblow; give a quietus, give a coupe de grace.
	behead, bowstring, electrocute, gas &c. (execute) 972.
	hunt, shoot &c. n.
	cut off, nip in the bud, launch into eternity, send to one's last account, sign one's death warrant, strike the death knell of.
	give no quarter, pour out blood like water; decimate; run amuck; wade knee deep in blood, imbrue one's hands in blood.
	die a violent death, welter in one's blood; dash out one's brains, blow out one's brains; commit suicide; kill oneself, make away with oneself, put an end to oneself, put an end to it all.
	Adj. killing &c. v.; murderous, slaughterous; sanguinary, sanguinolent[obs3]; blood stained, blood thirsty; homicidal, red handed; bloody, bloody minded; ensanguined[obs3], gory; thuggish.
	mortal, fatal, lethal; dead, deadly; mortiferousá[obs3], lethiferous[obs3]; unhealthy &c. 657; internecine; suicidal.
	sporting; piscatorial, piscatory[obs3].
	Adv. in at the death.
	Phr. "assassination has never changed the history of the world" [Disraeli].

	#362. Corpse. -- N. corpse, corse[obs3], carcass, cadaver, bones, skeleton, dry bones; defunct, relics, reliquiae[Lat], remains, mortal remains, dust, ashes, earth, clay; mummy; carrion; food for worms, food for fishes; tenement of clay this mortal coil.
	shade, ghost, manes.
	organic remains, fossils.
	Adj.  cadaverous, corpse-like; unburied &c. 363; sapromyiophyllous[obs3].

	#363. Interment. -- N. interment, burial, sepulture[obs3]; inhumation[obs1]; obsequies, exequies[obs3]; funeral, wake, pyre, funeral pile; cremation.
	funeral, funeral rite, funeral solemnity; kneel, passing bell, tolling; dirge &c. (lamentation) 839; cypress; orbit, dead march, muffled drum; mortuary, undertaker, mute; elegy; funeral, funeral oration, funeral sermon; epitaph.
	graveclothes[obs3], shroud, winding sheet, cerecloth; cerement.
	coffin, shell, sarcophagus, urn, pall, bier, hearse, catafalque, cinerary urn[obs3].
	grave, pit, sepulcher, tomb, vault, crypt, catacomb, mausoleum, Golgotha, house of death, narrow house; cemetery, necropolis; burial place, burial ground; grave yard, church yard; God's acre; tope, cromlech, barrow, tumulus, cairn; ossuary; bone house, charnel house, dead house; morgue; lich gate[obs3]; burning ghat[obs3]; crematorium, crematory; dokhma[obs3], mastaba[obs3], potter's field, stupa[obs3], Tower of Silence.
	sexton, gravedigger.
	monument, cenotaph, shrine; grave stone, head stone, tomb stone; memento mori[Lat]; hatchment[obs3], stone; obelisk, pyramid.
	exhumation, disinterment; necropsy, autopsy, post mortem examination[Lat]; zoothapsis[obs3].
	V. inter, bury; lay in the grave, consign to the grave, lay in the tomb, entomb, in tomb; inhume; lay out, perform a funeral, embalm, mummify; toll the knell; put to bed with a shovel; inurn[obs3].
	exhume, disinter, unearth.
	Adj. burried &c. v.; burial, funereal, funebrial[obs3]; mortuary, sepulchral, cinerary[obs3]; elegiac; necroscopic[obs3].
	Adv. in memoriam; post obit, post mortem[Lat]; beneath the sod.
	Phr.  hic jacet[Lat], ci-git[Fr]; RIP; requiescat in pace[Lat]; "the lone couch of his everlasting sleep" [Shelley]; "without a grave-unknell'd, uncoffin'd, and unknown" [Byron]; "in the dark union of insensate dust" [Byron]; "the deep cold shadow of the tomb" [Moore].

P2.3.2.2  Animals Non-human R364, R366, R368, R370
			(symb. ANAN)
P2.3.2.2.1  Animals generally R364, R366, R368, R370 [[animal]]
<--  			364.	Animality					366.	Animal								368.	Zoology				
				370.	Cicuration		
		(365,367,369 to P2.3.2.4  Plants)
-->
<-- reference 372 mankind, 373 man, 374 woman 
						under b. humans -->
					generally
						inhabitant, 188 abode 189
						<-- many of 188 words to HROLE category,
						except those that refer to animals too.
				Cross-referece specifically human abodes under
					shelter (POSHELT) (manufactured objects)   -->
					Mammals  (symb. ANMAM)
					Insects & bugs (symb. ANBUG)
					Invertebrates (worms, etc) (symb. ANINV)
					Birds  (symb. ANBIRD)
					Fishes (symb. ANFISH)
					Shellfishes (symb. ANSHELL)
					Snakes (symb. ANSNAKE)
					Other reptiles (symb. ANREPT)
				c. Humans (symb. ANHUM)  Ref. P2.3.2.3  -->
	#364. Animality. -- N. animal life; animation, animality[obs3], animalization[obs3]; animalness, corporeal nature, human system; breath.
	flesh, flesh and blood; physique; strength &c. 159.
	Adj. fleshly,human, corporeal.

	#366. Animal. -- N. animal, animal kingdom; fauna; beast, brute creation.
	pet animal; wild animal; farm animal.
	brute, creature, critter [US dialect], wight, created being; creeping thing, living thing; dumb animal, dumb creature; zoophyte.
	[major divisions of animals] mammal; bird; reptile; amphibian; fish; crustacean, shellfish, mollusk; worm; insect; arthropod.
	{{property_of(smallness/microscopic): microbe, animalcule &c. 193}}.
	{{has_subtype(reptile)}} alligator, crocodile; saurian; dinosaur [extinct]; snake, serpent, viper, eft; asp, aspick[obs3].
	[amphibians] frog, toad.
	{{has_subtype(fish)}} trout, bass, tuna, muskelunge, sailfish, sardine, mackerel.
	[insects] ant, mosquito, bee, honeybee.
	[arthropods] tardigrade, spider.
	[classificatiopn by number of feet] biped, quadruped; centipede, millipede.
	flocks and herds, live stock; domestic animals, wild animals; game, ferae naturae[Lat]; beasts of the field, fowls of the air, denizens of the sea.
	black game, black grouse; blackcock[obs3], duck, grouse, plover, rail, snipe.
	{{has_subtype(mammal)}} [domesticated mammals] horse &c. (beast of burden) 271.
	{{has_subtype(mammal)}} {{property_of(grazing)}} cattle, kine[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(cattle)}} ox; bull, bullock; cow; diary cow, milch cow; calf, heifer; shorthorn; longhorn; steer, stot[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(mammal)}} {{property_of(grazing)}} sheep; lamb, lambkin[obs3]; ewe, ram, tup.
	pig, swine, boar, hog, sow; tag, teg[obs3].
	yak, zebu.
	{{has_subtype(mammal)}} {{property_of(grazing)}} bison, buffalo; aurochs, wisent.
	{{has_subtype(pet animal}} dog, cat.
	[dogs] dog, hound; pup, puppy; whelp, cur, mongrel; house dog, watch dog, sheep dog, shepherd's dog, sporting dog, fancy dog, lap dog, toy dog, bull dog, badger dog; mastiff; blood hound, grey hound, stag hound, deer hound, fox hound, otter hound; harrier, beagle, spaniel, pointer, setter, retriever; Newfoundland; water dog, water spaniel; pug, poodle; turnspit; terrier; fox terrier, Skye terrier; Dandie Dinmont; collie.
	[cats][generally]  feline, puss, pussy; grimalkin[obs3]; gib cat, tom cat.
	[wild mammals] fox, Reynard, vixen, stag, deer, hart, buck, doe, roe; caribou, coyote, elk, moose, musk ox, sambar[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(bird)}} poultry, fowl, cock, hen, chicken, chanticleer, partlet[obs3], rooster, dunghill cock, barn door fowl; feathered tribes, feathered songster; singing bird, dicky bird; canary, warbler; finch; aberdevine[obs3], cushat[obs3], cygnet, ringdove[obs3], siskin, swan, wood pigeon.
	{{propert_of(undesirable)}} pest, vermin, varmint[Western US].
	Adj. animal, zoological
	equine, bovine, vaccine, canine, feline, fishy; piscatory[obs3], piscatorial; molluscous[obs3], vermicular; gallinaceous, rasorial[obs3], solidungulate[obs3], soliped[obs3].

P2.3.2.2.1.1  Zoology
	#368. [The science of animals.] Zoology. -- N. zoology, zoonomy[obs3], zoography[obs3], zootomy[obs3].
	{{has_conceptual_part: @P2.3.2.2.1.1.1, anatomy; comparative anatomy}}.
	animal physiology, comparative physiology; morphology; mammalogy.
	anthropology, ornithology, ichthyology, herpetology, ophiology[obs3], malacology[obs3], helminthology[Med], entomology, oryctology[obs3], paleontology, mastology[obs3], vermeology[obs3]; ichthy &c. ichthyotomy[obs3]; taxidermy.
	{{job_of: @P2.3.2.3.2.3.7, zoologist, icthyologist, herpetologist, ornithologist; entomologist; anthropologist; helminthologist; paeontologist}}.
	Adj. zoological &c. n.

P2.3.2.2.1.1.1  Anatomy  [[body]]
	N.  {{studied_in(body part, P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.2)}} anatomy.
	{{studies:  body, P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.1}}.

P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.1  Body
	{{part_of(body part, P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.2)}} body.
	{{property_of(dead)}} corpse, carcass.

P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.2  Body Part
	N. {{has_part(body)}} body part.
	skin.
	head.
	neck.
	hair.
	torso, trunk.
	arm.
	leg.
	organ, body organ.
	{{location_of(torso)}} chest.
	{{has_subtype(body organ)}} kidney; heart; liver; stomach; pancreas; appendix; intestine, bowel, gut.
	{{has_subtype(body organ)}} {{function_of(breathing)}} {{location_of(chest)}} lung.
	{{has_part(head)}} face; ear; temple; crown; tongue.
	{{has_part(face)}} eye; nose;  eyebrow; brow, forehead; lip; moustache; beard.
	{{has_part(face)}} {{has_subtype(orifice)} mouth, sucker, muzzle.
	{{location_of(neck)}} {{function_of(breathing)}} throat, gullet, larynx, weasand[obs3], wizen[obs3]; trachea.
	{{location_of(throat)}} tonsils.
	{{function_of(breathing)}} {{location_of(lung)}} bronchus, bronchi, bronchia[Med]; windpipe, spiracle.
	{{synonym(nose)}} {{location_of(face)}} {{property_of(convexity, P1.2.4.3.1.1)}} {{has_subtype(orifice)} proboscis, nose, neb, beak, snout, nozzle, schnoz[coll].
	{{has_part(chest)}} breast.
	bone.
	{{has_part(head)}} {{has_subtype(bone)}} skull.
	muscle.
	{{property_of(convexity, P1.2.4.3.1.1)}}  tooth[U.S.], knob, elbow, process, apophysis[obs3], condyle, bulb, node, nodule, nodosity[obs3], tongue, dorsum, bump, clump; sugar loaf &c. (sharpness) 253; bow; mamelon[obs3]; molar.
	belly, corporation[obs2], pot belly, gut[coll]; withers, back, shoulder.
	{{location_of(skin)]} {{property_of(convexity, P1.2.4.3.1.1)}} pimple, zit [slang]; wen, wheel, papula[Med], pustule, pock, proud flesh, growth, sarcoma, caruncle[obs3], corn, wart, pappiloma, furuncle, polypus[obs3], fungus, fungosity[obs3], exostosis[obs3], bleb, blister, blain[obs3]; boil &c. (disease) 655; airbubble[obs3], blob, papule, verruca.
	{{synonym(breast)}} {{location_of(chest)}} {{property_of(convexity, P1.2.4.3.1.1)}} papilla, nipple, teat, tit [vulgar], titty [vulgar], boob [vulgar], knocker[vulgar], pap, breast, dug, mammae, mammilla[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(hair}} {{property_of(coarseness)}} brush, beard, shag, mane, whisker, moustache, imperial, tress, lock, curl, ringlet; fimbriae, pili, cilia, villi; lovelock; beaucatcher[obs3]; curl paper; goatee; papillote, scalp lock.
	{{has_subtype(intestine)}} small intestine; large intestine.
	{{has_part(small intestine)}}  duodenum; jejunum; ileum.
	{{has_part(large intestine)}} colon; transverse colon; ascending colon; descending colon; sigmoid colon, sigmoid flexure; rectum.

P2.3.2.2.1.2   Husbandry
	#370. [The economy or management of animals.] Husbandry. -- N. husbandry, taming &c. v.; circuration[obs3], zoohygiantics[obs3]; domestication, domesticity; manege[Fr], veterinary art; farriery[obs3]; breeding, pisciculture.
	menagerie, vivarium, zoological garden; bear pit; aviary, apiary, alveary[obs3], beehive; hive; aquarium, fishery; duck pond, fish pond.
	[Destruction of animals] phthisozoics &c. (killing) 361[obs3]; euthanasia, sacrifice, humane destruction.
	neatherd[obs3], cowherd, shepherd; grazier, drover, cowkeeper[obs3]; trainer, breeder; apiarian[obs3], apiarist; bull whacker [U.S.], cowboy, cow puncher [U.S.], farrier; horse leech, horse doctor; vaquero, veterinarian, vet, veterinary surgeon.
	cage &c. (prison) 752; hencoop[obs3], bird cage, cauf[obs3]; range, sheepfold, &c. (inclosure) 232.
	V. tame, domesticate, acclimatize, breed, tend, break in, train; cage, bridle, &c. (restrain) 751.
	Adj. pastoral, bucolic; tame, domestic.

P2.3.2.2.2  specific Animals [[zoology]]
	N.  animal.

<--   [[bird]] -->
P2.3.2.2.2.1  Bird.
	{{has_part(feather)}} {{has_part(wing)}} bird, avis[Lat.]; feathered friend.
	gallinaceous bird, fowl, volaille.
	game bird.
	{{has_subtype(fowl)}} chicken; duck; Cornish hen, Rock Cornish hen; guinea fowl, guinea hen; dove, pigeon, squab; goose; turkey; peafowl.
	{{has_subtype(duck)}} domestic duck, barnyard duck; wild duck.
	{{has_subtype(fowl)}} {{has_subtype(game bird)}} partridge; pheasant; quail; wild duck.
	{{has_subtype(fowl)}} {{property_of(male)}}  cock.
	{{has_subtype(chicken)}} {{property_of(male)}} rooster.
	{{has_subtype(goose)}} {{property_of(male)}} gander.
	{{has_subtype(fowl)}} {{property_of(female)}} hen.
	{{has_subtype(peafowl)}} peacock; peahen.
	{{has_subtype(partridge)}} ruffed grouse, quail, bobwhite.

<--   =============================================================== 
				      **      HUMANS   **
      ===============================================================  -->
P2.3.2.3  humans
P2.3.2.3.1   Humans generally R372 to R374
<--  					372 mankind
						373 man
						374 woman
			(R375 to R449 to M6  Sensation, Perception)  -->
P2.3.2.3.1.1 Mankind   
	#372. Mankind. -- N.  man, mankind; human race, human species, human kind, human nature; humanity, mortality, flesh, generation.
	[Science of man]{{studied_in}}  anthropology, anthropogeny[obs3], anthropography[obs3], anthroposophy[obs3]; ethnology, ethnography; humanitarian.

	#372a.  Person -- N.
	human being; person, personage; individual, creature, fellow creature, mortal, body, somebody; one; such a one, some one; soul, living soul; earthling; party, head, hand; dramatis personae[Lat]; quidam[Lat].
	{{plural}} people, persons, folk, public, society, world; community, community at large; general public; nation, nationality; state, realm; commonweal, commonwealth; republic, body politic; million &c. (commonalty) 876; population &c. (inhabitant) 188.
	tribe, clan (paternity) 166.
	family (consanguinity) 11.
	cosmopolite; lords of the creation; ourselves.
	Adj. human, mortal, personal, individual, national, civic, public, social; cosmopolitan; anthropoid.
	Phr. "am I not a man and a brother?" [Wedgwood].

P2.3.2.3.1.2  Man {{property_of(masculinity)}}
	#373. Man. -- N. man, male, he, him; manhood &c. (adolescence) 131; gentleman, sir, master; sahib; yeoman, wight[obs2], swain, fellow, blade, beau, elf, chap, gaffer, good man; husband &c. (married man) 903; Mr., mister; boy &c. (youth) 129.
	[Male animal] cock, drake, gander, dog, boar, stag, hart, buck, horse, entire horse, stallion; gibcat[obs3], tomcat; he goat, Billy goat; ram, tup; bull, bullock; capon, ox, gelding, steer, stot[obs3].
	androgen.
	homosexual, gay, queen[slang].
	V. masculinize
	Adj. male, he-, masculine; manly, virile; unwomanly, unfeminine.
	Pron. he, him, his.
	Phr.  hominem pagina nostra sapit [Lat][Mar.]; homo homini aut deus aut lupus [Lat][Erasmus]; homo vitae commodatus non donatus est [Lat][Syrus].

P2.3.2.3.1.3   Woman  {{property_of(femininity)}}
	#374. Woman. -- N. woman, she, her, female, petticoat.
	feminality[obs3], muliebrity[obs3]; womanhood &c. (adolescence) 131.
	womankind; the sex, the fair; fair sex, softer sex; weaker vessel.
	dame, madam, madame, mistress, Mrs. lady, donna belle[Sp], matron, dowager, goody, gammer[obs3]; Frau[Ger], frow[obs3], Vrouw[Dutch], rani; good woman, good wife; squaw; wife &c. (marriage) 903; matronage, matronhood[obs3].
	bachelor girl, new woman, feminist, suffragette, suffragist.
	nymph, wench, grisette[obs3]; girl &c. (youth) 129.
	[Effeminacy] sissy, betty, cot betty [U.S.], cotquean[obs3], henhussy[obs3], mollycoddle, muff, old woman.
	[Female animal] hen, bitch, sow, doe, roe, mare; she goat, Nanny goat, tabita; ewe, cow; lioness, tigress; vixen.
	gynecaeum[obs3].
	estrogen, oestrogen.
	[female relatives] consanguinity &c. 166, paternity &c. 11.
	lesbian, dyke[slang].
	V. feminize.
	Adj. female, she-; feminine, womanly, ladylike, matronly, maidenly, wifely; womanish, effeminate, unmanly; gynecic[obs3], gynaecic[obs3].
	Pron. she, her, hers.'
	Phr. "a perfect woman nobly planned" [Wordsworth]; "a lovely lady garmented in white" [Shelley]; das Ewig-Weibliche zieht uns hinan [Ger][Goethe]; "earth's noblest thing, a woman perfected" [Lowell]; es de vidrio la mujer[Sp]; "she moves a goddess and she looks a queen" [Pope]; "the beauty of a lovely woman is like music" [G. Eliot]; varium et mutabile semper femina [Lat][Vergil]; "woman is the lesser man" [Tennyson].

P2.3.2.3.1.4  sexuality {{has_property(person)}}
	#374a.  Sexuality [human] -- N. sexuality; sex, gender.
	sex instinct, sex drive, libido, lust, concupiscence.
	{{has_subtype(sex/gender)}} male.
	{{has_subtype(sexuality)}} masculinity, maleness, manliness.
	{{has_subtype(sex/gender)}} female.
	{{has_subtype(sexuality)}} femininity, womanliness.
	{{has_subtype(sex/gender)}} neuter.
	{{has_manifestation}} sexiness, attractiveness; sensuality, voluptuousness.
	{{has_manifestation}} {{has_subtype(activity)}} sexual intercourse, copulation, mating, coitus, sex; lovemaking, marital relations, sexual union; sleeping together, carnal knowledge.
	{{has_manifestation}} {{has_subtype(feeling)}} hots, horns [coll]; arousal, heat, rut, estrus, oestrus; erection, hard-on, boner.
	{{has_manifestation}} masturbation, self-gratification, autoeroticism, onanism, self-abuse.
	{{has_manifestation}} orgasm, climax, ejaculation.
	{{has_manifestation}} [sexual intercourse outside of marriage] fornication, adultery.
	[person who is sexy] {{trait_of(sexiness)}} sex symbol, sex goddess; stud, hunk.
	{{has_subtype(sexual intercourse)}} one-night stand.
	{{has_manifestation}} pornography, porn, porno; hardcore pornography, softcore pornography; pin-up, cheesecake; beefcake.
	{{has_instance(pornography)}} {{has_subtype(magazine)}} Playboy, Esquire, Hustler.
	{{has_manifestation}} {{property_of(unorthodox)}} {{has_subtype(activity)}} perversion, deviation, sexual abnormality; fetish, fetishism; homosexuality, lesbianism, bisexuality; sodomy, buggery; pederasty; sadism, sapphism[obs3]; masochism, sado-masochism; incest.
	{{has_manifestation}} {{property_of(impurity,R961)}} carnality, flesh, salacity; prurience, pruriency; lechery, lewdness, lasciviousness, lasciviency[obs3], lubricity.

	V. mate, copulate; make love, have intercourse, fornicate, have sex, do it, sleep together; screw[vulgar], fuck[vulgar]; sleep around, play the field..
	masturbate, jerk off[coll.], jack off[coll.], play with oneself.
	have the hots[coll]; become aroused, get hot, have an erection, get it up[coll.].
	come, climax, ejaculate.
	Adj. sexy, erotic, sexual, carnal, sensual.
	hot, horny, randy, rutting; passionate, lusty, hot-blooded, libidinous.
	homosexual, gay; lesbian; bisexual.
<-- human  -->

P2.3.2.3.1.5   Human groups  {{has_plural(person)}} {{trait_of(cooperation, R709)}} {{has_subtype(group, R72, A4.3.1)}}  [[hgroup]]
<-- party and team came from different parts of Roget, but have a lot in common.  Perhaps they should be merged? But party also implies antagonism to some other party. Use "association"?  A party doesn't necessarily work together, but they have common interests -->

P2.3.2.3.1.5.1  Party (R712)
	#712. Party. -- N. {{trait_of(cooperation, R709)}}.
	party, faction, side, denomination, communion, set, crew, band. horde, posse, phalanx; family, clan, &c. 166; team; tong.
	council &c. 696.
	community, body, fellowship, sodality, solidarity; confraternity; familistere[obs3], family circle, familistery[obs3]; brotherhood, sisterhood.
	knot, gang, clique, ring, circle, group, crowd, in-crowd; coterie, club, casino[obs2]; machine; Tammany, Tammany Hall [U.S.].
	corporation, corporate body, guild; establishment, company; copartnership[obs3], partnership; firm, house; joint concern, joint-stock company; cahoot, combine [U.S.], trust.
	society, association; institute, institution; union; trades union; league, syndicate, alliance, Verein[Ger], Bund[Ger], Zollverein[Ger], combination; Turnverein[Ger]; league offensive and defensive, alliance offensive and defensive; coalition; federation; confederation, confederacy; junto, cabal, camarilla[obs3], camorra[obs3], brigue[obs1]; freemasonry; party spirit &c. (cooperation) 709.
	Confederates, Conservatives, Democrats, Federalists, Federals, Freemason, Knight Templar; Kuklux, Kuklux Klan, KKK; Liberals, Luddites, Republicans, Socialists, Tories, Whigs &c.
	staff; dramatis personae[Lat].
	{{has_subtype(group)}} tribe.
	{{has_subtype(group)}} clan, brotherhood, fraternity, sorority.
	V. unite, join; club together &c. (cooperate) 709; cement a party, form a party &c. n.; associate &c. (assemble) 72; enleague[obs3], federalize, go cahoots .
	Adj. in league, in  partnership, in alliance &c. n.
	bonded together, banded together, linked &c. (joined) 43- together; embattled; confederated, federative, joint.
	Adv. hand in hand, side by side, shoulder to shoulder, en masse,in the same boat.

P2.3.2.3.1.5.2  Team  (R712a)
<-- a team is not merely an assemblage; they have a common goal and work together -->
	#712a.  Team. -- N.  {{trait_of(cooperation, R709)}} {{has_subtype(group, R72)}}.
	group, team; crew, gang, knot, squad, band, party; concourse, conflux[obs3], congregation, contesseration[obs1], convergence &c. 290.
	{{has_subtype(group)}} reunion, drawing room, at home; reception, conversazione[It] &c. (social gathering) 892.
	{{has_subtype(group)}} assembly, congress, meeting, levee; convention, conventicle; gemote[obs3]; conclave &c. (council) 696.
	{{has_subtype(group)}} posse, posse comitatus[Lat]; Noah's ark.
	{{has_subtype(group)}} crowd, throng,  group,; flood, rush, deluge; rabble, mob, press, crush, cohue[obs3], horde, body;  atajo[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(group)}} bunch, drive, force, mulada [obs3][U.S.]; remuda[obs3]; roundup [U.S.]; array, bevy, galaxy; squad, company, troop, troupe, task force, muster, attroupement[obs3]; army, corps, regiment, brigade &c. (combatants) 726; host &c. (multitude) 102; populousness.
	{{has_subtype(group of animals)}} swarm, shoal, school, covey, flock, gaggle, herd, drove.
	collector, gatherer; whip, whipper in.
	association &c. (party) 712.

P2.3.2.3.1.5.3  Council   (R696)  {{performed_by(direction, R693)}}
	#696. Council. -- N. council, committee, subcommittee, comitia[Lat], court, chamber, cabinet, board, bench, staff.
	senate, senatus[Lat], parliament, chamber of deputies, directory, reichsrath[Ger], rigsdag, cortes[Sp], storthing[obs3], witenagemote[obs3], junta, divan, musnud[obs3], sanhedrim;  classis[obs3]; Amphictyonic council[obs3]; duma[Russ], house of representatives; legislative assembly, legislative council; riksdag[obs3], volksraad[Ger], witan[obs3], caput[obs3], consistory, chapter, syndicate; court of appeal &c. (tribunal) 966; board of control, board of works; vestry; county council, local board.
	audience chamber, council chamber, state chamber.
	cabinet council, privy council; cockpit, convocation, synod, congress, convention, diet, states-general.
	[formal gathering of members of a council: script] assembly, caucus, conclave, clique, conventicle; meeting, sitting, seance, conference, convention, exhibition, session, palaver, pourparler, durbar[obs3], house; quorum; council fire [N.Am.], powwow [U.S.], primary [U.S.].
	meeting, assemblage &c. 72.
	[person who  is member of a council]  member; senator; member of parliament, M.P.; councilor,  representative of the people; assemblyman, congressman; councilman, councilwoman, alderman, freeholder.
	V. assemble, gather together, meet (assemblage) 72; confer, caucus, hold council; huddle [coll.].
	Adj. senatorial, curule[obs3]; congressional, parliamentary; legislative, law-making; regulatory; deliberative.

P2.3.2.3.2			Human roles,(functions) HROLE
P2.3.2.3.2.1   Human roles generally
	N. relative, blood relative; family member, kin; in-law.
	worker, laborer.
	character.
	doer; agent, actor; protagonist; antagonist.
	thinker.

P2.3.2.3.2.2  Human familial relationships [[HREL]]
<--	[ref: 9. Relation,  A2.1. ABSOLUTE RELATION].  -->
	#11. [Relations of kindred.] Consanguinity. -- N. consanguinity, relationship, kinship, kindred, blood; parentage &c. (paternity) 166; filiation[obs3], affiliation; lineage, agnation[obs3], connection, alliance; family connection, family tie; ties of blood; nepotism.
	kinsman, kinfolk; kith and kin; relation, relative; connection; sibling, sib; next of kin.
	cousin, first cousin.
	cousin-german[obs3]; second cousin; half-cousin; third cousin.; cousin once removed,  cousin twice &c. removed.
	near relation, distant relation.
	blood relative, one's own flesh and blood.
	parent.
	grandparent.
	{{has_subtype(descendant, P2.3.2.3.2.4.21)}} child; grandchild; great-grandchild; son; grandson; daughter; granddaughter; great-granddaughter.
	family, fraternity; brotherhood, sisterhood, cousinhood[obs3].
race, stock, generation; sept &c. 166; stirps, side; strain; breed, clan, tribe, nation.
	{{has_subtype}}{{has_subtype(male): son, grandson}} brother; father, grandfather; uncle; half uncle; half brother; nephew.
	{{has_subtype}}{{has_subtype(female): daughter, granddaughter}} sister; mother; grandmother; aunt; half aunt; half sister; niece.
	courtesy aunt, courtesy uncle.
	V. be related to &c. adj.  claim relationship with &c. n. with.
	Adj. related, akin, consanguineous, of the blood, family, allied, collateral; cognate, agnate, connate; kindred; affiliated; fraternal.
	intimately related, nearly related, closely related.
	remotely related, distantly related,  allied; german.
	related by marriage.

<--  This entry is for paid labor  -->
P2.3.2.3.2.3   Worker
	N. worker, laborer.
	employee, hired hand.
	{{has_subtype(employee)}} permanent employee; temporary employee, temp; full-time employee; part-time employee; casual employee.
	{{has_subtype(employee)}}  contract employee; hired gun.
	{{has_job}} {{has_subtype(duty, @R686)}} job, occupation, business, employment, work, line, line of work, means of livelihood, paid occupation, paying job, gainful employment, what one does for a living, situation.
	{{has_subtype(job)}} office, function, position.
	{{has_subtype(job)}} vocation, calling.
	{{has_subtype(job)}} craft, trade, handicraft.
	{{has_subtype(job)}} career, profession.
	{{has_subtype(job)}} specialty, specialization, field of expertise.
	{{job_of(gemology, @P2.3.1.3.6.7.2)}} gemologist; minerologist.
	librarian.

P2.3.2.3.2.3.1   Shopkeeper
	N. shopkeeper.
	store clerk, salesperson, sales clerk.
	manager, store manager; floor manager.
	{{sold_by(jewelry, @P2.3.1.3.6.7.2}} jeweler.

P2.3.2.3.2.3.1.1  BOOKSELLER
	{{sold_by(book)}} bookseller.
	{{has_location: bookstore, bookshop, bookseller's shop}}.
	publisher; bibliopole[obs3], bibliopolist[obs3].

P2.3.2.3.2.3.1.2  Clothier
	{{job_of(sell clothes)}} clothier.
	tailor, milliner, haberdasher, costumier, sempstress[obs3], snip; dressmaker, habitmaker[obs3], breechesmaker[obs3], shoemaker; Crispin; friseur[Fr]; cordwainer[obs3], cobbler, hosier[obs3], hatter; draper, linen draper, mercer.

P2.3.2.3.2.3.2   Newscaster
	[organizations producing news reports] United Press International, UPI; Associated Press, AP; The Dow Jones News Service, DJ; The New York Times News Service, NYT[abbr]; Reuters [England]; TASS [Soviet Union]; The Nikkei [Japan].
	[person reporting news as a profession] newscaster, newsman, newswoman, reporter, journalist, correspondent, foreign correspondent, special correspondent, war correspondent, news team, news department; anchorman, anchorwoman[obs3]; sportscaster; weatherman.
	[officials providing news for an organization] press secretary, public relations department, public relations man.

P2.3.2.3.2.3.4  medical practitionER
	medical practitioner, medical professional, health care worker, healer;  medical attendant.
	doctor, physician, MD, leech[obs2].
	witch doctor, shaman; faith healer; quack.
	accoucheur[Fr], accoucheuse[Fr], midwife; oculist, aurist[obs3]; operator.
	exorcist.
	nurse, registered nurse, sister.
	practical nurse, monthly nurse.
	nurse's aide, candystriper; dresser; orderly.
	veterinarian, vet, animal doctor, horse doctor.
	{{has_subtype(doctor)}} general practitioner, family practitioner; specialist, medical specialist.
	{{has_subtype(specialist)}} surgeon;  osteopath, osteopathist[obs3]; optometrist, ophthalmologist; internist, oncologist, gastroenterologist; epidemiologist, public health specialist; dermatologist, skin doctor; podiatrist.
	{{has_instance}} {{property_of(ancient)}} Aesculapius[obs3], Hippocrates, Galen.
	chiropractor, bonesetter, bone doctor.
	pharmacist, druggist, chemist, apothecary, pharmaceutist[obs3], pharmacopolist[obs3].
	[ref: medicine P2.6.4.8]

P2.3.2.3.2.3.5  Professional Athlete
	N. professional athlete, athlete.
	{{has_job}} professional sport.
	footbal player; baseball player; basketball player; soccer player; tennis player; hockey player; golf player, golfing pro; boxer, prize fighter, professional boxer; professional wrestler, pro wrestler.
	{{has_subtype(football player}} quarterback; halfback; lineman.
	{{has_subtype(soccer player/hockey player}} goalie.
	coach; head coach.
	{{has_subtype(football coach)}} defensive coordinator; offensive coordinator.
	{{has_subtype(baseball player)}} pitcher; catcher; first baseman; second baseman; third baseman; short stop; fielder, outfielder; manager.
	{{has_subtype(pitcher)}} starter; reliever.

P2.3.2.3.2.3.6  Excavator.
	N. {{created_by(excavation, @P1.2.4.3.1.3)}} excavator, sapper, miner; driller, oil driller, oil explorer.

P2.3.2.3.2.3.8  Lapidary
	{{job_of(gemstone polishing, @P1.2.4.3.2.1)}} lapidary, lapidarian; gemcutter}}.

<-- the entry scientist is for scientific occupations without a separate entry of their own.  -->
P2.3.2.3.2.3.9  Scientist  [[scientist]]
	scientist.
	{{has_subtype: physical scientist; social scientist}}.

P2.3.2.3.2.3.9.1  Physical Scientist  
	physical scientist; social scientist.
	{{job_of(hydrography, @R341, @P2.3.1.1.6.1.1.1)}}  hydrographer.

P2.3.2.3.2.3.9.1.1  Zoologist
	N. {{job_of(zoology, R368, @P2.3.2.2.1.1)}} zoologist.
	anatomist; morphologist.
	physiologist.
	zoologist; icthyologist; herpetologist; ornithologist; entomologist; anthropologist; helminthologist; paeontologist}}.
	Adj. zoological &c. n.
<-- 	anthropology, ornithology, ichthyology, herpetology, helminthology[Med], entomology, oryctology[obs3], paleontology.
	taxidermy.
-->
P2.3.2.3.2.3.9.2  Social Scientist  

[[End of: occupation, job]]

P2.3.2.3.2.4  Person with specific characteristics
	[person who is ...; person who does ...(character)]
			<-- human mental properties, e.g. courage, cowardice
						generally under volition -->
	[ref: P2.2.3  traits, characteristics of humans (@TRAIT)].
  Where to ...  individual, one of a kind?
 be unique; not follow the herd, march to one's own drummer.  .-->
	N.  {{has_subtype(person)}} character, type, stereotype.
	V.  be typical, be stereotypical, typify.
	categorize, stereotype.
	Adj. typical, stereotypical.
	typed, stereotyped; categorized.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.1  Person with specific characteristics, generally -- N.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.2  People with certain physical characteristics
	N.  physical type.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.2.1  giant
	N. {{property_of(hugeness)}} giant.
	monster, mammoth, behemoth; colossus.
	{{has_metaphor}} cachalot, whale, porpoise, leviathan, elephant, hippopotamus.
	thumper, whooper, spanker, strapper.
	{{has_instance}} ((property_of(mythical)}} Brobdingnagian, Antaeus, Gog and Magog, Gargantua, Cyclops.
	{{has_instance}} Goliath.
	"Triton among the minnows" [Coriolanus].
	Adj.  giant, gigantic, colossal.
	brobdingnagian, cyclopean.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.2.2   Mulatto [person with parents of different races]
	N. {{has_subtype(mixture, R44)}} half-blood, half-caste; mulatto; terceron[obs3], quarteron[obs3], quinteron &c.[obs3];.quadroon, octoroon; griffo[obs3], zambo[obs3]; cafuzo[obs3]; Eurasian; fustee[obs3], fustie[obs3]; griffe, ladino[obs3], marabou, mestee[obs3], mestizo, quintroon, sacatra  zebrule[obs3][U. S.]; catalo[obs3]; cross, hybrid, mongrel.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.3  stranger
	{{property_of(extraneousness; unfamiliarity)}} alien, stranger, intruder, interloper, foreigner, novus homo[Lat], newcomer, immigrant, emigrant; creole, Africander[obs3]; outsider.
	[insulting terms] Dago*, wop, mick, polak, greaser, slant.
	Easterner [U.S.], Dutchman, tenderfoot.

<--  R492 Scholar, R493 Ignoramus, R500 Sage, R501 Fool, and R504 Madman
    refer to M5.5  results of reasoning  -->
P2.3.2.3.2.4.6   Scholar R492  {{has_result(learning,  R539, @M8.1.2)}}
	#492. Scholar.-- N. scholar, connoisseur, savant, pundit, schoolman[obs3], professor, graduate, wrangler; academician, academist[obs3]; master of arts, doctor, licentitate, gownsman; philosopher, master of math; scientist; clerk; sophist, sophister[obs3]; linguist; glossolinguist, philologist; philologer[obs3]; lexicographer, glossographer; grammarian; litterateur[Fr], literati, dilettanti, illuminati, cogniscenti[It]; fellow, Hebraist, lexicologist, mullah, munshi[obs3], Sanskritish; sinologist, sinologue[obs3]; Mezzofanti[obs3], admirable Crichton, Mecaenas.
	teacher, rabbi &c. 540 [@HROLE]
	bookworm, helluo librorum[Lat]; book lover, bibliophile, avid reader, bibliomaniac[obs3]; bluestocking, bas-bleu[Fr]; bigwig, learned Theban, don; Artium Baccalaureus[Lat][obs3], Artium  Magister[Lat].
	learned man, intellectual, literary man; homo multarum literarum[Lat]; man of learning, man of letters, man of education, man of genius.
	antiquarian, antiquary; archaeologist; paleontologist.
	sage &c. (wise man) 500.
	pedant, doctrinaire; pedagogue, Dr. Pangloss; pantologist[obs3], criminologist.
	schoolboy &c. (learner) 541.
	Adj. learned &c. 490; brought up at the feet of Gamaliel.
	Phr. "he was a scholar and a ripe and good one" [Henry VIII]; "the manifold linguist" [All's Well That Ends Well].

P2.3.2.3.2.4.7   Ignoramus  R493
	#493. Ignoramus.-- N. ignoramus, dunce; wooden spoon; no scholar.
	[insulting terms for ignorant person: see also imbecility 499, folly 501] moron, imbecile, idiot; fool, jerk, nincompoop, asshole [vulgar].
	[person with superficial knowledge] sciolist[obs3], smatterer, dabbler, half scholar; charlatan; wiseacre.
	greenhorn &c. (dupe) 547; novice, tyro &c. (learner) 541; numskull.
	lubber &c. (bungler) 701; fool &c. 501; pedant &c. 492.
Adj. bookless[obs3], shallow; ignorant &c. 491.
	Phr. "a wit with dunces and a dunce with wits" [Pope].

P2.3.2.3.2.4.8  Sage  R500 {{has_result(learning, R539, @M8.1.2)}}
	#500. Sage -- N. sage, wise man, guru; genius; master mind, master spirit of the age; longhead[obs3], thinker; intellectual, longhair.
	authority, oracle, luminary, shining light, esprit fort, magnus Apollo[Lat][obs3], Solon, Solomon, Nestor, Magi, "second Daniel."
	man of learning &c. 492; expert &c. 700; wizard &c. 994.
	[Ironically] wiseacre, bigwig, know-it-all; poor man's Einstein.
	Adj. venerable, reverenced, emeritus.
	Phr. barba tenus sapientes[Lat].

P2.3.2.3.2.4.9  Madman  R504
	#504. Madman. -- N. madman, lunatic, maniac, bedlamite[obs3], candidate for Bedlam, raver[obs3], madcap, crazy; energumen[obs3]; automaniac[obs3], monomaniac, dipsomaniac, kleptomaniac; hypochondriac &c. (low spirits); crank, Tom o'Bedlam.
	dreamer &c. 515; rhapsodist, seer, highflier[obs3], enthusiast, fanatic, fanatico[Sp]; exalte[French]; knight errant, Don Quixote.
	idiot &c. 501.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.10  Fool  R501
	#501.  Fool. -- N. fool, idiot, tomfool, wiseacre, simpleton, witling[obs3], dizzard[obs3], donkey, ass; ninny, ninnyhammer[obs3]; blockhead, chowderhead, chucklehead[obs3]; dolt, booby, Tom Noddy, looby[obs3], hoddy-doddy[obs3], noddy, nonny, noodle, nizy[obs3], owl; goose, goosecap[obs3]; imbecile; gaby[obs3]; radoteur[obs3], nincompoop, badaud[obs3], zany; trifler, babbler; pretty fellow.
	child, baby, infant, innocent, milksop, sop.
	oaf, lout, loon, lown[obs3], dullard, doodle, calf, colt, buzzard, block, put, stick, stock, numps[obs3], tony.
	bull head, dunderhead, addlehead[obs3], blockhead, dullhead[obs3], loggerhead, jolthead[obs3], jolterhead[obs3], beetlehead[obs3], beetlebrain, grosshead[obs3], muttonhead, noodlehead, giddyhead[obs3]; numbskull, thickskull[obs3]; lackbrain[obs3], shallowbrain[obs3]; dimwit, halfwit, lackwit[obs3]; dunderpate[obs3]; lunkhead 
	sawney[obs3][U.S.], gowk[obs3]; clod, clod-hopper; clod-poll, clot-poll, clot-pate; bull calf; gawk, Gothamite, lummox, rube [U.S.]; men of Boeotia, wise men of Gotham.
	un sot a triple etage[Fr], sot; jobbernowl[obs3], changeling, mooncalf, gobemouche[obs3].
	dotard, driveler; old fogey, old woman, crock; crone, grandmother; cotquean[obs3], henhussy[obs3].
	incompetent (insanity) 503.
	greenhorn &c. (dupe) 547; dunce &c. (ignoramus) 493; lubber &c. (bungler) 701; madman &c. 504.
	one who will not set the Thames on fire; one who did not invent gunpowder, qui n'a pas invente' la poudre [Fr]; no conjuror.
	Phr. fortuna favet fatuis[Lat]; les fous font les festinas et les sages les mangent [Fr]; nomina stultorum parietibus harrent [Lat]; stultorum plena sunt omnia [Lat][Cicero].

P2.3.2.3.2.4.11   Child  (R129)
	#129. Child.
	N. {{trait_of(youth, R127, P2.2.3.2.1)}} {{antonym_of(adult)}} child, youngster, youth, bairn[Scot.], little one; minor, person of minor age.
	infant, babe, baby, babe in arms; nurseling, suckling, yearling, weanling; papoose, bambino.
	{{property_of(unborn)}] foetus, fetus.
	kid, brat, urchin, chit;  bantling, bratling[obs3]; elf.
	{{has_subtype(negro)}} pickaninny.
	{{has_property(male)}} boy, lad, stripling, youngun, whipper-snapper, younker[obs3], callant[obs3], whipster[obs3], whiffet [obs3][U.S.].
	{{has_property(female)}} girl; lass, lassie; damsel, demoiselle; maid, maiden; virgin; wench; hoyden. 
	{{has_property(male)}} schoolboy, hobbledehoy, hopeful, cadet.
	{{trait_of(adolescence, @P2.2.3.2.3)}} teen, teenager, adolescent.
	scion, descendent, heir.
	{{has_property(male)}} {{has_subtype(title)}} master.
	{{has_property(female)}} {{has_subtype(title)}} miss.
	{[of(plant)]} sap, seedling; tendril, olive branch.
	{[of(fowl)]} nestling, chicken, pullet.
	{[of(insect)]} larva, chrysalis.
	{[of(frog)]} tadpole.
	whelp.
	cub.
	{[of(fish)]} fry; codlin, codling; smolt.
	{{has_metaphor}} calf, colt, pup, foal, kitten; lamb, lambkin[obs3].
	aurelia[obs3], caterpillar, cocoon, nymph, nympha[obs3], orphan, pupa, staddle[obs3].
	[ref: age, R128, P1.1.2.2  Time relative to a Period].
	Adj. infantile, infantine[obs3]; puerile; boyish, girlish, childish, babyish, kittenish; baby; newborn, unfledged, new-fledged.
	immature, callow.
	teen, teenage.
	in the cradle, in swaddling clothes, in long clothes, in arms, in leading strings; at the breast; in one's teens.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.12  Veteran (R130)
	#130. Veteran.-- N. veteran, old man, old timer, seer, patriarch, graybeard; grandfather, grandsire; grandam; gaffer, gammer; crone; pantaloon; 
	sexagenarian, octogenarian, nonagenarian, centenarian.
	old stager; dotard &c. 501.
	preadamite[obs3], Methuselah, Nestor, old Parr.
	elders; forefathers &c. (paternity) 166.
	{{has_subtype[property: illness]}} crock[derog]; crut[derog].
	[ref: age, R128, P1.1.2.2  Time relative to a Period].
	Phr. "superfluous lags the veteran on the stage" [Johnson].

P2.3.2.3.2.4.13  Fop (R854)
	#854. Fop. -- N. fop, fine gentleman; swell; dandy, dandiprat[obs2]; exquisite, coxcomb, beau, macaroni, blade, blood, buck, man about town, fast man; fribble, jemmy, spark, popinjay, puppy, prig[obs2], petit maitre; jackanapes, jackadandy; man milliner[obs2]; Jemmy Jessamy[obs2], carpet knight; masher, dude.
	fine lady, coquette; flirt, vamp.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.14  Laughingstock (R857)  {{trait_of(ridiculousness)}}.
	#857. [Object and cause of ridicule.] Laughingstock. -- N. laughingstock, jestingstock[obs3], gazingstock[obs3]; butt, game, fair game; April fool &c. (dupe) 547[obs3].
	original, oddity; queer fish, odd fish; quiz, square toes; old monkey, old fogey, fogey monkey, fogy monkey; buffoon &c. (jester) 844; pantomimist &c. (actor) 599.
	schlemiel.
	jest &c. (wit) 842.
	Phr. dum vitant stulti vitia in contraria currunt[Lat].

P2.3.2.3.2.4.15  Perfectionist  {{trait_of(fastidiousness @M3.3.2.3)}}.
<--  &&  how to indicate traits in context?  -->
	perfectionist, nitpicker[coll.], fussbudget[coll.].
	snob[context: social status].
	{{trait_of(epicurism)}} epicure, gourmet, gastronome [context: food/eating].
	{{trait_of(prudery)}} prude, puritan, prig[context: sexual mores].

P2.3.2.3.2.4.16  Knave  R941  {{trait_of(dishonor, R940)}}.
	#941. Knave. -- N. knave, rogue; Scapin[obs3], rascal; Lazarillo de Tormes; blackguard &c. 949; barrater[obs3], barrator[obs3]; shyster [U.S..].
	traitor, betrayer, archtraitor[obs3], conspirator, Judas, Catiline; reptile, serpent, snake in the grass, wolf in sheep's clothing, sneak, Jerry Sneak, squealer*, tell-tale, mischief-maker; trimmer, fence-sitter, renegade &c. (tergiversation) 607; truant, recreant; sycophant &c. (servility) 886.
	{{similar_to: villain, bad man &c. R949}}.
	{{has_trait: Improbity, dishonesty, dishonor, R940, @M9.3.3}}.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.17 Twin  {{trait_of(similarity, R17, @A2.3)}}
	twin, fellow companion, pair, mate, identical twin, double, counterpart; brother, sister; one's second self, alter ego, chip off the old block, par nobile fratrum[Lat], Arcades ambo[obs3], birds of a feather, et hoc genus omne[Lat]; gens de meme famille[Fr].

P2.3.2.3.2.4.18   Champion  {{trait_of(superiority, R33)}}
	N. champion, winner; record holder; yeoman; Triton among the minnows, primus inter pares[Lat: first among equals], nulli secundus[Lat: second to none], captain; crackerjack, crackajack[obs3].
	{{similar_to: expert, R700, P2.3.2.3.2.4.19}}.
	Adj. champion; top-notch.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.19   expert  {{trait_of(skill, R698)}}.
	#700. Expert. -- N. expert, proficient, adept, crackerjack;  master, master hand.
	connoisseur &c. (scholar) 492.
	{[of(ballet)]} prima donna[Sp], first fiddle, top gun,  chef de cuisine, top sawyer; protagonist; mahatma.
	dab; dabster[obs3].
	picked man; medallist, prizeman[obs3].
	veteran; old stager, old campaigner, old soldier, old file, old hand; man of business, man of the world.
	natural, nice hand, good hand, clean hand.
	practiced hand, experienced eye, experienced hand, past master.
	{[of(marksmanship)}} marksman, sharpshooter, good shot, dead shot, crack shot.
	rope-dancer, funambulist[obs3], acrobat; cunning man; conjuror &c. (deceiver) 548; wizard &c. 994.
	genius; mastermind, master head, master spirit.
	cunning blade, sharp blade, sharp fellow; jobber; cracksman &c. (thief) 792[obs3]; politician, tactician, strategist.
	pantologist[obs3], admirable Crichton, Jack of all trades; prodigy of learning.
	{{similar_to: champion, P2.3.2.3.2.4.18}}.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.20   bungler  {{trait_of(unskillfullness, R699)}}.
	#701. Bungler. -- N. bungler; blunderer, blunderhead[obs3]; marplot, fumbler, lubber, duffer, dauber, stick; bad hand, poor hand, poor shot; butterfingers[obs3].
	no conjurer, flat, muff, slow coach, looby[obs3], lubber, swab; clod, yokel, awkward squad,  blanc-bec; galoot[obs3].
	land lubber; fresh water sailor, fair weather sailor; horse marine; fish out of water, ass in lion's skin, jackdaw in peacock's feathers; quack &c. (deceiver) 548; lord of misrule.
	sloven, slattern, trapes[obs3].
	amateur, novice, greenhorn (learner) 541.
	Phr. il n'a pas invente' la poudre[Fr]; he will never set the Thames on fire; acierta errando[Lat]; aliquis in omnibus nullus in singulis[Lat][obs3].

P2.3.2.3.2.4.21 Descendant
	{{performed_by(posterity)}} descendant; butcha[obs3]; bantling, scion; acrospire[obs3], plumule[obs3], shoot, sprout, olive-branch, sprit[obs3], branch; off-shoot, off-set; ramification; heir, heiress,  successor; heir-apparent, heir-presumptive; chip off the old block; heredity; next generation, rising generation, following generation.
	{{plural}} posterity, progeny, breed, issue, offspring, brood, litter, seed, farrow, spawn, spat; family, heirs.
	{{synonym: child, son, daughter; grandchildren, great-grandchild, @family relationships         P2.3.2.3.2.2}}.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.22  convert {{has_result(conversion, R144)}} {{trait_of(converted, R144)}}.
	convert, apostate; pervert; renegade, traitor, turncoat.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.23  wimp  {{trait_of(impotence, R158)}}.
	wimp; cripple, old woman, muff, powder puff, creampuff, pussycat,  mollycoddle.
	eunuch.
	paper tiger.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.24  strong man       {{trait_of(strength, R159)}}.
	athlete, gymnast, acrobat; strong man, weight lifter, he-man; hunk.
	{{has_instance}} superman, Atlas, Hercules, Antaeus, Samson, Cyclops, Goliath; tower of strength; giant refreshed.
	{{property_of(mythical): Cyclops; Hercules}}.
	{{property_of(fictional): superman}}.
	{{has_metaphor: superman, Atlas, Hercules}}.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.25 Maniac {{trait_of(violence, R173)}}.
	maniac, berserk, berserker, wild man; homocidal maniac; cutthroat.
	bully.
	{{has_metaphor}} {{property_of(mythical)}} fury, dragon, demon.
	{{has_metaphor}} tiger; raging bull.
	beldame, Tisiphone[obs3], Megaera, Alecto[obs3], madcap, wild beast; fire eater &c. (blusterer) R887.
	{{similar_to: bad man, R}}.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.26  nomad, transient  {{trait_of(transience, R111)}}.
	transient, transient boarder, transient guest [U.S.].
	hobo, bum[coll], vagrant; homeless person.
	nomad; wanderer.
	Adj.  nomadic; homeless.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.27  unclean person  {{trait_of(uncleanness, R653)}} 
	dowdy, drab, slut, malkin[obs3], slattern, sloven, slammerkin[obs1], slammock[obs3], slummock[obs3], scrub, draggle-tail, mudlark[obs3], pig, dust-man, sweep; beast.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.28 Friend (R890)
 	#890. Friend. -- N. friend, friend of one's bosom;  alter ego; best friend, bosom friend, soulmate, fast friend; amicus[Lat]; usque ad aras[Lat]; fidus Achates[Lat][obs3]; persona grata.
	acquaintance, neighbor, next-door neighbor, casual acquaintance, nodding acquaintance; well-wisher.
	favorer, fautor[obs3], patron, Mecaenas; tutelary saint, good genius, advocate, partisan, sympathizer; ally; friend in need &c. (auxiliary) 711.
	comrade, mate, companion, familiar, confrere, comrade, camarade[obs3], confidante, intimate; old crony, crony; chum; pal; buddy, bosom buddy; playfellow, playmate, childhood friend; bedfellow, bedmate; chamber fellow.
	associate, colleague, compeer.
	schoolmate, schoolfellow[obs3]; classfellow[obs3], classman[obs3], classmate; roommate; fellow-man, stable companion.
	best man, maid of honor, matron of honor.
	compatriot; fellow countryman, countryman.
	shopmate, fellow-worker, shipmate, messmate[obs3]; fellow companion, boon companion, pot companion; copartner, partner, senior partner, junior partner.
	Arcades ambo Pylades and Orestes Castor and Pollux[obs3], Nisus and Euryalus[Lat], Damon and Pythias, par nobile fratrum[Lat].
	host, Amphitryon[obs3], Boniface; guest, visitor, protege.
	Phr. amici probantur rebus adversis[Lat]; ohne bruder kann man leben nicht ohne Freund[Ger]; " best friend, my well-spring in the wilderness " [G. Eliot]; conocidos muchos amigos pocos[Sp]; " friend more divine than all divinities " [G. Eliot]; vida sin amigo muerte sin testigo[Sp].

P2.3.2.3.2.4.29 Enemy (R891) 
	#891. Enemy. -- N. enemy; antagonist; foe, foeman[obs3]; open enemy, bitter enemy,; opponent &c. 710; back friend.
public enemy, enemy to society.
	Phr. every hand being against one; " he makes no friend who never made a foe " [Tennyson].
	with friends like that, who needs enemies?; "Lord protect me from my friends, I can protect myself from my enemies".

P2.3.2.3.2.4.30  Hustler
	N.  {{property_of(assiduousness, @R682)}} hustler.
	housewife, busy bee; new brooms; sharp fellow, sharp blade; devotee, enthusiast; zealot, fanatic; meddler, intermeddler, intriguer, busybody, pickthank[obs3]; hummer, live man [U.S.], rustler * [U. S.].
	good worker, top man; mover, a mover and a shaker.

P2.3.2.3.2.4.31  Materialist
	{{property_of(materialism, @R316, @P2.1)}} materialist, somatist[obs3].

P2.3.2.3.2.4.32  Firstborn
	{{property_of(seniority, @R128, @P2.2.3.2.2)}} firstling, firstborn; oldest, eldest; ichiro[Jap], ichiban[Jap].

P2.3.2.3.2.4.33  Adult
	{{property_of(adulthood, R131a, P2.2.3.2.4)}} adult, grown-up, mature person.
	{[in_frame(law)]} a person in his majority.
	{{has_subtype(woman, R374)}} no chicken[coll.], no spring chicken[coll.].
	{{has_subtype: man &c. 373; woman &c. 374}}.

[[character]]

P2.3.2.3.2.5  Person who does specific acts
<--- 					540.	Teacher (cf. communication of ideas)
						541.	Learner (cf. communication of ideas)
-->

<--  note that here agent is in the general sense of one who acts, not one who acts on behalf of another.  Many of the individual words should have their primary location elsewhere.  -->
P2.3.2.3.2.5.1  agent  (R690) [Person who does sOMETHING, GENERALlY]  -- N.
	#690. Agent.-- N. {{performed_by(action, R680, @M7.3.1}} {{property_of(agency, R170)}}.
	doer, actor, agent, performer, perpetrator, operator; initiator, instigator; executor, executrix; practitioner, worker, stager.
	{{has_metaphor}} bee, ant, busy bee, working bee, termite, white ant.
	laboring oar, servant of all work, factotum.
	workman; working man; laboring man; demiurgus, hewers of wood and drawers of water, laborer, navvy[obs3]; hand, man, day laborer, journeyman, charwoman, hack; mere tool &c. 633; beast of burden, drudge, fag; lumper[obs3], roustabout.
	{{property_of(skill)}} artisan; craftsman, handicraftsman; mechanic, operative.
	maker, artificer, artist, wright, manufacturer, architect, builder, mason, bricklayer, smith, forger, Vulcan; carpenter; ganger, platelayer; blacksmith, locksmith, sailmaker, wheelwright.
	machinist, mechanician, engineer.
	sempstress[obs3], semstress[obs3], seamstress; needlewoman[obs3], workwoman; tailor, cordwainer[obs3].
	minister &c. (instrument) 631; servant &c. 746; representative &c. (commissioner) 758, (deputy) 759.
	coworker, collaborator, party to, participator in, particeps criminis[Lat], dramatis personae[Lat]; personnel.
	Phr. quorum pars magna fui [Lat][Vergil]; faber est quisque fortunae suae [Lat].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.2  WRITEr [person who writes, GENERALLY]  --N.
	writer, penman.
	scribe, amanuensis, scrivener, secretary, clerk.
	calligrapher.
	copyist, transcriber, quill driver.
	typist, stenographer, word processing secretary, typewriter[obs2].
	writer for the press &c. [ref: author = P2.3.2.3.2.5.3].
	{{uses: typewriter, pen, pencil, word processor}}.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.3  Author [person who writes a book or article]  -- N.
<--  writer here is left as a separate sense from writer generally in P2.3.2.3.2.5.2 -->
	writer, author, authoress, litterateur[Fr].
	{{has_subtype}} essayist; novelist; short-story writer; diarist; playwright; dramatist; poet; biographer; encyclopedist; lexicographer; scriptwiter; monographer.
	co-author, coauthor, collaborator.
	[coll.] pen, scribbler, the scribbling race; literary hack, Grub-street writer; adjective jerker[obs3], diaskeaust[obs3].
	hack, hack writer, ink slinger, penny a liner, potboiler.
	publicist; copywriter; adman.
	{{has_subtype}}{{context: newspapers/magazines/periodicals/wire services}} reporter, journalist, newsman, newswoman; writer for the press, gentleman of the press, representative of the press; correspondent; war correspondent; columnist.
	{{has_subtype(columnist)}} critic, reviewer; science writer, science reporter; travel editor; syndicated columnist.
	{{has_subtype(critic)}} movie critic; music critic; drama critic; art critic; food critic, restaurant critic; literary critic; dance critic.
	ghost, ghost writer.
	editor, subeditor[obs3].
	[ref: playwright &c. 599; poet &c. 597].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.4  Learner  R541
	#541.  Learner.-- N. learner, scholar, student,  pupil; apprentice, prentice[obs3], journeyman; articled clerk;  abecedarian, alphabetarian[obs3]; alumnus, eleve[Fr].
	beginner, tyro, amateur, rank amateur.
	recruit, raw recruit, novice, neophyte, inceptor[obs3],  catechumen, probationer; seminarian, chela, fellow-commoner; debutant.
	[apprentice medical doctors] intern; resident.
	schoolboy;  fresh, freshman, frosh; junior soph[obs3], junior; senior soph[obs3], senior; sophister[obs3], sophomore; questionist[obs3].
	[college and university students] undergraduate; graduate student; law student; medical student; pre-med; post-doctoral student, post-doc; matriculated student; part-time student, night student, auditor.
	[group of learners] {{member_of}} class, grade, seminar, form, remove; pupilage &c. (learning) 539.
	disciple, follower, apostle, proselyte; fellow-student, condisciple[obs3].
	{{has_high_quality}} grinder, crammer; wonk [derogatory], wombat[derogatory].
	[place of learning: school &c. 542].
	V. learn; practise.
	Adj. in statu pupillari[Lat], in leading strings.
	Phr. practise makes perfect.
<--  R542 school to M9.5 Voluntary Institutions  -->	

P2.3.2.3.2.5.5  Arithmetician [person who calculates: calculate R81]
	[people who calculate: numeration R85] arithmetician, calculator, abacist[obs3], algebraist, mathematician; statistician, geometer; programmer; accountant, auditor.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.7  Messenger  R534
	#534. Messenger. -- N. messenger, envoy, emissary, legate; nuncio, internuncio[obs3]; ambassador &c. (diplomatist) 758.
	marshal, flag bearer, herald, crier, trumpeter, bellman[obs3], pursuivant[obs3], parlementaire[Fr], apparitor[obs3].
	courier, runner; dak[obs3], estafette[obs3]; Mercury, Iris, Ariel[obs3].
	commissionaire[Fr]; errand boy, chore boy; newsboy.
	mail, overnight mail, express mail, next-day delivery; post, post office; letter bag; delivery service; United Parcel Service, UPS; Federal Express, Fedex.
	telegraph, telephone; cable, wire (electronic information transmission); carrier pigeon.
	[person reporting news: see news &c. 532] reporter, gentleman of the press, representative of the press; penny-a-liner; special correspondent, own correspondent; spy, scout; informer &c. 527.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.8   Musician  R416
	#416. Musician. [Performance of Music.( cf. perception, sound)] -- N. musician, artiste.
	{{has_subtype}} performer, player, musical performer; composer.
	minstrel; bard &c. (poet) 597.
	[specific types of musicians] accompanist, accordionist, instrumentalist, organist, pianist, violinist, flautist; harper, fiddler, fifer[obs3], trumpeter, piper, drummer; catgut scraper.
	band, orchestral waits.
	vocalist, melodist; singer, warbler; songster, chaunter[obs3], chauntress[obs3], songstress; cantatrice[obs3].
	choir, quire, chorister; chorus, chorus singer; liedertafel[Ger].
	nightingale, philomel[obs3], thrush; siren; bulbul, mavis; Pierides; sacred nine; Orpheus, Apollo[obs3], the Muses Erato, Euterpe, Terpsichore; tuneful nine, tuneful quire.
	composer &c. 413.
	performance, execution, touch, expression, solmization[obs3].
	V. play, pipe, strike up, sweep the chords, tweedle, fiddle; strike the lyre, beat the drum; blow the horn, sound the horn, wind the horn; doodle; grind the organ; touch the guitar &c. (instruments) 417; thrum, strum, beat time.
	execute, perform; accompany; sing a second, play a second; compose, set to music, arrange.
	sing, chaunt, chant, hum, warble, carol, chirp, chirrup, lilt, purl, quaver, trill, shake, twitter, whistle; sol-fa[obs3]; intone.
	have an ear for music, have  a musical ear, have  a correct ear.
	Adj. playing &c. v.; musical.
	Adv. adagio, andante &c. (music) 415.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.9  Dupe  R547
	#547. Dupe. -- N. dupe, gull, gudgeon, gobemouche[obs3], cull*, cully[obs3].
	victim, pigeon, mark, April fool; jay*, sucker*; fall guy; laughingstock &c. 857; Cyclops, simple Simon, flat; greenhorn; fool &c. 501; puppet, cat's paw.
	V. be deceived &c. 545, be the dupe of; fall into a trap; swallow the bait, nibble at the bait; bite, catch a Tartar.
	Adj. credulous &c. 486; mistaken &c. (error) 495.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.10  Deceiver  R548
	#548. Deceiver. -- N. deceiver &c. (deceive &c. 545); dissembler, hypocrite; sophist, Pharisee, Jesuit, Mawworm[obs3], Pecksniff, Joseph Surface, Tartufe[obs3], Janus; serpent, snake in the grass, cockatrice, Judas, wolf in sheep's clothing; jilt; shuffler[obs2], stool pigeon.
	liar &c. (lie &c. 544); story-teller, perjurer, false witness, menteur a triple etage[Fr], Scapin[obs3]; bunko steerer* [U.S.], carpetbagger* [U.S.], capper* [U.S.], faker, fraud, four flusher*, horse coper[obs3], ringer*, spieler[obs3], straw bidder [U.S.].
	imposter, pretender, soi-disant[Fr], humbug; adventurer; Cagliostro, Fernam Mendez Pinto; ass in lion's skin &c. (bungler) 701; actor &c. (stage player) 599.
	quack, charlatan, mountebank, saltimbanco[obs3], saltimbanque[obs3], empiric, quacksalver, medicaster[obs3], Rosicrucian, gypsy; man of straw.
	conjuror, juggler, trickster, prestidigitator, jockey; crimp, decoy, decoy  duck; rogue, knave, cheat; swindler &c. (thief) 792; jobber.
	Phr. "saint abroad and a devil at home" [Bunyan].

						547.	dupe    (cf. communication of ideas)
						548.	deceiver (cf. communication of ideas)
						559.	Artist
<-- xref engraving, sculpture, painting under art POART -->
P2.3.2.3.2.5.11   Artist  R559
	#559. Artist. -- N. artist; painter, limner, drawer, sketcher, designer, engraver; master, old master; draftsman, draughtsman; copyist, dauber, hack; enamel, enameler, enamelist; caricaturist.
	historical painter, landscape painter, marine painter, flower painter, portrait painter, miniature painter, miniaturist, scene painter, sign painter, coach painter; engraver; Apelles[obs3]; sculptor, carver, chaser, modeler, figuriste[obs3], statuary; Phidias, Praxiteles; Royal Academician.
	photographer, cinematographer, lensman, cameraman, camera technician, camera buff; wildlife photographer.
	Phr. photo safari; "with gun and camera"

P2.3.2.3.2.5.12  Traveler  R268
	#268. Traveler. -- N. traveler, wayfarer, voyager, itinerant, passenger, commuter.
	tourist, excursionist, explorer, adventurer, mountaineer, hiker, backpacker, Alpine Club; peregrinator[obs3], wanderer, rover, straggler, rambler; bird of passage; gadabout, gadling[obs3]; vagrant, scatterling[obs3], landloper[obs3], waifs and estrays[obs3], wastrel, foundling; loafer; tramp, tramper; vagabond, nomad, Bohemian, gypsy, Arab[obs3], Wandering Jew, Hadji, pilgrim, palmer; peripatetic; somnambulist, emigrant, fugitive, refugee; beach comber, booly[obs3]; globegirdler[obs3], globetrotter; vagrant, hobo [U.S.], night walker, sleep walker; noctambulist, runabout, straphanger, swagman, swagsman [obs3][Aust.]; trecker[obs3], trekker, zingano[obs3], zingaro[obs3].
	runner, courier; Mercury, Iris, Ariel[obs3], comet.
	pedestrian, walker, foot passenger; cyclist; wheelman.
	rider,horseman, equestrian, cavalier, jockey, roughrider, trainer, breaker.
	driver, coachman, whip, Jehu, charioteer, postilion, postboy[obs3], carter, wagoner, drayman[obs3]; cabman, cabdriver; voiturier[obs3], vetturino[obs3], condottiere[obs3]; engine driver; stoker, fireman, guard; chauffeur, conductor, engineer, gharry-wallah[obs3], gari-wala[obs3], hackman, syce[obs3], truckman[obs3].
	Phr.  on the road

P2.3.2.3.2.5.13   Mariner  R269
	#269. Mariner. -- N. sailor, mariner, navigator; seaman, seafarer, seafaring man; dock walloper*; tar, jack tar, salt, able seaman, A. B.; man-of-war's man, bluejacket, galiongee[obs3], galionji[obs3], marine, jolly, midshipman, middy; skipper; shipman[obs3], boatman, ferryman, waterman[obs3], lighterman[obs3], bargeman, longshoreman; bargee[obs3], gondolier; oar, oarsman; rower; boatswain, cockswain[obs3]; coxswain; steersman, pilot; crew.
	aerial navigator, aeronaut, balloonist, Icarus; aeroplanist[obs3], airman, aviator, birdman, man-bird, wizard of the air, aviatrix, flier, pilot, test pilot, glider pilot, bush pilot, navigator, flight attendant, steward, stewardess, crew; astronaut, cosmonaut; parachutist, paratrooper.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.14  Inquirer
	N. [person who questions] inquirer, investigator, inquisitor, inspector, querist[obs3], examiner, catechist; scrutator scrutineer scrutinizer[obs3]; analyst; quidnunc &c. (curiosity) 455[Lat].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.15  Oracle, Seer  R513
	#513. Oracle.-- N. oracle; prophet, prophesier, seer, soothsayer, augur, fortune teller, crystal gazer[obs3], witch, geomancer[obs3], aruspex[obs3]; aruspice[obs3], haruspice[obs3]; haruspex; astrologer, star gazer[obs3]; Sibyl; Python, Pythoness[obs3]; Pythia; Pythian oracle, Delphian oracle; Monitor, Sphinx, Tiresias, Cassandra[obs3], Sibylline leaves; Zadkiel, Old Moore; sorcerer &c. 994; interpreter &c. 524.
	[person who predicts by non-mystical (natural) means] predictor, prognosticator, forecaster; weather forecaster, weatherman.
	Phr. a prophet is without honor in his own country; "you don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows" [Bob Dylan].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.15 preparer
	N. {{function_of(preparation, R673)}} M2.2.3] preparer, pioneer, trailblazer.
	sappers and miners, pavior[obs3], navvy[obs3]; packer, stevedore; warming pan.
	trainer.
	{{has_subtype(precursor, R64)}} forerunner, vancourier[obs3], avant-courrier[Fr], avant-coureur[Fr]; leader, scout, outrider, prodrome[obs1], prodromos[obs3], prodromus[obs3]; avant-courier, avant-garde, bellmare[obs3], forelooper[obs3], foreloper[obs3], voorlooper[Afrikaans], voortrekker[Afrikaans];  stalking-horse.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.16  tattletale
	[person who discloses a secret][ref: R529 ,disclosure M8.1.2] tattletale, snitch, fink, stool pigeon, canary.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.17   Benefactor
	#912. Benefactor. -- N. benefactor, savior, good genius, tutelary saint, guardian angel, good Samaritan; pater patriae[Lat]; salt of the earth &c. (good man); 948; auxiliary &c. 711.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.18   Evil Doer
	#913. [Maleficent being] Evil doer -- N. evil doer, evil worker; wrongdoer &c. 949; mischief-maker, marplot; oppressor, tyrant; destroyer, Vandal; iconoclast[obs2].
	firebrand, incendiary, fire bug [U. S.], pyromaniac; anarchist,  communist[obs2],  terrorist.
	savage, brute, ruffian, barbarian, semibarbarian[obs3], caitiff, desperado; Apache[obs3], hoodlum, hood, plug-ugly*, pug-ugly* [U.S.], Red Skin, tough [U. S.]; Mohawk, Mo-hock, Mo-hawk; bludgeon man, bully, rough, hooligan, larrikin[obs3], dangerous classes, ugly customer; thief &c. 792.
	cockatrice, scorpion, hornet.
	snake, viper, adder, snake in the grass; serpent, cobra, asp, rattlesnake, anaconda[obs2].
	canker-worm, wire-worm; locust, Colorado beetle; alacran[obs3], alligator, caymon[obs3], crocodile, mosquito, mugger, octopus; torpedo; bane &c. 663.
	cutthroat &c. (killer) 461.
	cannibal; anthropophagus[obs2], anthropophagist[obs2]; bloodsucker, vampire, ogre, ghoul, gorilla,  vulture; gyrfalcon[obs2], gerfalcon[obs2].
	wild beast, tiger, hyena, butcher, hangman; blood-hound, hell-hound, sleuth-hound; catamount [U. S.], cougar, jaguar, puma.
	hag, hellhag[obs3], beldam, Jezebel.
	monster; fiend &c. (demon) 980; devil incarnate, demon in human shape; Frankenstein's monster.
	harpy, siren; Furies, Eumenides.
	Hun, Attila[obs3], scourge of the human race.
	Phr. faenum habet in cornu [Lat].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.19   Flatterer
	#935. Flatterer. -- N. flatterer, adulator; eulogist, euphemist; optimist, encomiast, laudator[Lat], whitewasher.
	toady, toadeater[obs3]; sycophant, courtier, Sir Pertinax MacSycophant; flaneur[Fr], proneur[Fr]; puffer, touter[obs3], claqueur[Fr]; clawback[obs3], earwig, doer of dirty work; parasite, hanger-on &c. (servility) 886.
	yes-man, suckup, ass-kisser [vulgar], brown-noser [vulgar], teacher's pet.
	Phr. pessimum genus inimicorum laudantes [Lat][Tacitus].
	[[ref: M9.3.2  R933  Flattery]].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.20   Detractor
	#936. Detractor. -- N. detractor, reprover; censor, censurer; cynic, critic, caviler, carper, word-catcher, frondeur; barracker[obs3].
	defamer, backbiter, slanderer, Sir Benjamin Backbite, lampooner, satirist, traducer, libeler, calumniator, dawplucker[obs3], Thersites[obs3]; Zoilus; good-natured friend [satirically]; reviler, vituperator, castigator; shrew &c. 901; muckraker.
	disapprover, laudator temporis acti [Lat][Horace].
	Adj. black-mouthed, abusive &c. 934.
	[[ref: M9.3.2  R934 detraction]].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.21   Good MAn
	#948. Good Man. -- N. good man, honest man, worthy.
	good woman, perfect lady, Madonna.
	model, paragon &c. (perfection) 650; good example; hero, heroine, demigod, seraph, angel; innocent &c. 946; saint &c. (piety) 987; benefactor &c. 912; philanthropist &c. 910; Aristides[obs3]; noble liver[obs2], pattern.
	brick*, trump*, gem, jewel, good fellow, prince, diamond in the rough, rough diamond, ugly duckling[obs2].
	salt of the earth; one in ten thousand; one in a million; a gentleman and a scholar; pillar of society, pillar of the community, a man among men.
	Phr. si sic omnes[Lat]!

P2.3.2.3.2.5.22  Bad MAn
	#949. Bad Man. -- N. bad man, wrongdoer, worker of iniquity; evildoer &c. 913; sinner; the wicked &c. 945; bad example.
	villain, rascal, scoundrel,  miscreant, budmash[obs3], caitiff[obs2]; wretch, reptile, viper, serpent, cockatrice, basilisk, urchin; tiger[obs2], monster; devil &c. (demon) 980; devil incarnate; demon in human shape, Nana Sahib; hellhound, hellcat; rakehell[obs3].
	bad woman, jade, Jezebel.
	scamp, scapegrace, rip, runagate, ne'er-do-well, reprobate, scalawag, scallawag.
	roue[French], rake; Sadist; skeesicks*[obs3], skeezix* [obs3][U.S.]; limb; one who has sold himself to the devil, fallen angel, ame damnee[Fr], vaurien[obs3], mauvais sujet[Fr], loose fish, sad dog; rounder*; lost sheep, black sheep; castaway, recreant, defaulter; prodigal &c. 818.
	rough, rowdy, hooligan, tough, ugly customer, mean mother [coll.], ruffian, bully, meanie [jocular]; Jonathan Wild; hangman.
	incendiary, arsonist, fire bug [U.S.].
	thief &c. 792; murderer, terrorist &c. 361.
	[person who violates the criminal law] culprit, delinquent, crook, hoodlum, hood, criminal, thug, malefactor, offender, perpetrator, perp [coll.]; disorderly person, misdemeanant[Law]; outlaw; scofflaw; vandal;  felon[convicted criminal]; convict, prisoner, inmate, jail bird, ticket of leave man; multiple offender.
	blackguard, polisson[obs3], loafer, sneak; rapscallion, rascallion[obs3]; cullion[obs3], mean wretch, varlet, kern[obs3], ame-de-boue[Fr], drole[obs3]; cur, dog, hound[obs2], whelp[obs2], mongrel[obs2]; lown[obs2], loon, runnion[obs3], outcast, vagabond; rogue &c. (knave) 941; ronian[obs3]; scum of the earth, riffraff; Arcades ambo[obs3].
	Int. sirrah[obs3]!
	Phr. Acherontis pabulum[obs3]; gibier de potence[Fr].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.23   Libertine  R962
	#962. Libertine. -- N. libertine; voluptuary &c. 954a.
	{{Property_of(maleness,R374a,@P2.3.2.3.1.4)}} rake, debauchee, loose fish, rip, rakehell[obs3], fast man; intrigant[obs3], gallant, seducer, fornicator, lecher, satyr, goat, whoremonger, paillard[obs3], adulterer, gay deceiver, Lothario, Don Juan, Bluebeard[obs3]; chartered libertine.
	{{property_of(femininity,R374a,@P2.3.2.3.1.4)}} adulteress, advoutress[obs3], courtesan, prostitute, strumpet, harlot, whore, punk, fille de joie[Fr]; woman, woman of the town; streetwalker, Cyprian, miss, piece[Fr]; frail sisterhood; demirep, wench, trollop, trull[obs3], baggage, hussy, drab, bitch, jade, skit, rig, quean[obs3], mopsy[obs3], slattern, slut, minx, harridan; unfortunate, unfortunate female, unfortunate woman; woman of easy virtue &c. (unchaste) 961; wanton, fornicatress[obs3]; Jezebel, Messalina, Delilah, Thais, Phryne, Aspasia[obs3], Lais, lorette[obs3], cocotte[obs3], petite dame, grisette[obs3]; demimonde; chippy* [obs3][U.S.]; sapphist[obs3]; spiritual wife; white slave.
	concubine, mistress, doxy[obs3], chere amie[Fr], bona roba[It].
	pimp, procurer; pander, pandar[obs3]; bawd, conciliatrix[obs3], procuress[obs3], mackerel, wittol[obs1].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.24   Sensualist
	#954a. Sensualist. -- N. Sybarite, voluptuary, Sardanaphalus, man of pleasure, carpet knight; epicure, epicurean, gourmet, gourmand; pig, hog; votary of Epicurus, swine of Epicurus; sensualist; Heliogabalus; free liver, hard liver; libertine &c. 962; hedonist; tragalist[obs3].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.25   Ascetic [[ref R955]]  -- N.
	N. ascetic; anchoret[obs3], anchorite; martyr; Heautontimorumenos[obs3]; hermit &c. (recluse) 893; puritan, sabbatarian[obs3], cynic, sanyasi[obs3], yogi.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.26   Lawyer  R968
	#968. Lawyer. -- N. lawyer, attorney, legal counsel; counsel, counsellor, counsellor at law, attorney at law; jurist, legist[obs3], civilian, pundit, publicist, juris consult[Lat], legal adviser, advocate; barrister, barrister at law;  King's or Queen's counsel; K.C.; Q.C.; silk gown, leader, sergeant-at-law, bencher; tubman[obs3], judge &c. 967.
	bar, legal profession, bar association, association of trial lawyers; officer of the court; gentleman of the long robe; junior bar, outer bar, inner bar; equity draftsman, conveyancer, pleader, special pleader.
	solicitor,  proctor; notary, notary public; scrivener, cursitor[obs3]; writer, writer to the signet; S.S.C.; limb of the law; pettifogger; vakil[obs3].
	legal beagle [coll.].
	[persons accessory to lawyers] legal secretary; legal assistant; law student.
	v. practice law, practice at the bar, practice within the bar; plead; call to the bar, be called to the bar, be called within the bar; take silk; take to the law.
	give legal counsel, provide legal counsel.
	Adj. learned in the law; at the bar; forensic; esquire, esquired.
	Phr. banco regis[Lat].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.27   Judge R967
	#967. Judge. -- N. judge; justice, justiciar[obs3], justiciary[obs3]; chancellor; justice of assize, judge of assize; recorder, common sergeant; puisne judge, assistant judge, county court judge; conservator of the peace, justice of the peace; J.P.; court &c. (tribunal) 966;  magistrate, police magistrate, beak*; his worship, his honor, his lordship.
	jury, twelve men in a box.
	Lord Chancellor, Lord Justice; Master of the Rolls, Vice Chancellor; Lord Chief Justice, Chief Baron; Mr. Justice, Associate Justice, Chief Justice; Baron, Baron of the Exchequer.
	jurat[Lat], assessor; arbiter, arbitrator; umpire; referee, referendary[obs3]; revising barrister; domesman[obs3]; censor &c. (critic) 480; barmaster[obs3], ephor[obs3]; grand juror, grand juryman; juryman, talesman.
	archon, tribune, praetor, syndic, podesta[obs3], mollah[obs3], ulema, mufti, cadi[obs3], kadi[obs3]; Rhadamanthus[obs3].
	litigant &c. (accusation) 938.
	V. adjudge &c. (determine) 480; try a case, try a prisoner.
	Adj. judicial &c. 965.
	Phr. "a Daniel come to judgment" [Merchant of Venice].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.28   Sorcerer  R994
	#994. Sorcerer.-- N. sorcerer, magician; thaumaturgist[obs3], theurgist; conjuror, necromancer, seer, wizard, witch; hoodoo, voodoo; fairy &c. 980; lamia[obs3], hag.
	warlock, charmer, exorcist, mage[obs3]; cunning man, medicine man; Shaman, figure flinger, ecstatica[obs3]; medium, clairvoyant, fortune teller;  mesmerist; deus ex machina[Lat]; soothsayer &c. 513.
	Katerfelto, Cagliostro, Mesmer, Rosicrucian; Circe, siren, weird sisters.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.29  Humorist  R844
	#844. Humorist. -- N. humorist, wag, wit, reparteeist[obs3], epigrammatist, punster; bel esprit, life of the party; wit-snapper, wit-cracker, wit-worm; joker, jester, Joe Miller[obs2], drole de corps[obs3], gaillard[obs3], spark; bon diable[Fr]; practical joker.
	buffoon, farceur[French], merry-andrew, mime, tumbler, acrobat, mountebank, charlatan, posturemaster[obs3], harlequin, punch, pulcinella[obs3], scaramouch[obs3], clown; wearer of the cap and bells, wearer of the motley; motley fool; pantaloon, gypsy; jack-pudding, jack in the green, jack a dandy; wiseacre, wise guy, smartass [coll.]; fool &c. 501.
	zany, madcap; pickle-herring, witling[obs3], caricaturist, grimacier[obs3]; persifleur[obs3].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.30  Spectator [person who looks at an event] R444
	#444. Spectator. -- N. spectator, beholder, observer, looker-on, onlooker, witness, eyewitness, bystander, passer by; sightseer; rubberneck , rubbernecker * [U. S.].
	spy; sentinel &c. (warning) 668.
[ref: V. witness, behold &c. (see) 441; look on &c. (be present) 186; gawk, rubber *, rubberneck.].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.31  Teacher  R540
	#540. Teacher. -- N. teacher, trainer, instructor, institutor, master, tutor, director, Corypheus, dry nurse, coach, don; governor, bear leader; governess, duenna[Sp]; disciplinarian.
	professor, lecturer, reader, prelector[obs3], prolocutor, preacher; chalk talker, khoja[obs3]; pastor &c. (clergy) 996; schoolmaster, dominie[Fr], usher, pedagogue, abecedarian; schoolmistress, schoolmarm, dame, monitor, pupil teacher.
	preceptor, guide; guru, mentor.
	expositor &c. 524; pioneer, apostle, missionary, propagandist, munshi[obs3], example &c. (model for imitation) 22.
	wise man, sage, &c. 500 
	adviser &c. 695.
	professorship &c. (school) 542.
	tutelage &c. (teaching) 537.
	Adj. professorial; didactic.
	Phr. qui doet discet[Lat].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.32  Producer  R164
	#164. Producer.-- N. producer, originator, inventor, author; architect, creator, prime mover.
	founder, generator, mover, initiator; maker &c. (agent) 690; prime mover.
	{{has_trait: creativity, R20, @A2.3}}.
	{{antonym: imitator, copycat, plagiarist, P2.3.2.3.2.5.38}}.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.33  Destroyer R165
	#165. Destroyer.-- N. destroyer &c. (destroy &c. 162); cankerworm &c. (bane) 663; assassin &c. (killer) 361; executioner &c. (punish) 975; biblioclast[obs3], eidoloclast[obs3], iconoclast, idoloclast[obs3]; nihilist.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.34  Blusterer  (R887)
	#887. Blusterer. -- N. blusterer, swaggerer, vaporer, roisterer[obs3], brawler; fanfaron[obs3]; braggart &c. (boaster) 884; bully, terrorist, rough; bulldozer [U. S.], hoodlum, hooligan*, larrikin[obs3], roarer*; Mohock, Mohawk; drawcansir[obs3], swashbuckler, Captain Bobadil, Sir Lucius O'Trigger, Thraso, Pistol, Parolles, Bombastes Furioso[obs3], Hector, Chrononhotonthologos[obs3]; jingo; desperado, dare-devil, fire eater; fury, &c. (violent person) 173; rowdy; slang-whanger*[obs3], tough [U. S.].
	puppy &c. (fop) 854; prig; Sir Oracle, dogmatist, doctrinaire, jack-in-office; saucebox[obs3], malapert, jackanapes, minx; bantam-cock.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.35  Braggart
	{{has_trait: vanity, R880}}{{hperforms: boasting, R884}} boaster; braggart, braggadocio; Gascon[Fr], fanfaron[obs3], pretender, soi-disant[Fr]; blower [U. S.], bluffer, Foxy Quiller[obs3]; blusterer &c. 887; charlatan, jack-pudding, trumpeter; puppy &c. (fop) 854.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.36  lover  {{has_trait: desire, R865}}
	[Person who desires] lover, amateur, votary, devotee, aspirant, solicitant, candidate, applicant, supplicant; cormorant &c. 957.
	kleptomaniac, numphomaniac, lecher.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.37  optimist  {{has_trait: hope, R858; confidence, M3.3.2.3}}
	optimist, utopian, utopist[obs3].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.38   Imitator
	imitator, echo, cuckoo[obs1], parrot, ape, monkey, mocking bird, mime; copyist, copycat.
	plagiarist, pirate; counterfeitor.
	impersonator.
	[ref: R19, imitation  @A2.3. PARTIAL  RELATION]
	
P2.3.2.3.2.5.39 tax collector
	tax collector, taxman; tax assessor; customs agent, customs inspector; revenuer[coll.], revenoor[coll.]; internal revenue agent.
	{{has_subtype(government agency)}} Internal Revenue Service, IRS; customs, U.S customs Sevice; Bureau of Customs and Excise[Brit].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.40 reformer {{&performed_by(improvement)}}.
	[context: politics] reformer.
	{{performed_by(revolution)}} radical, revolutionary, revolutionist; extremist; anarchist.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.41 creditor
	{{performed_by(extend credit,@R805)}} creditor, lender, lessor, mortgagee; dun; usurer.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.42  Opponent  (R710)
	#710. Opponent. -- N. {{trait_of(opposition, R708, @M8.2  Antagonism,)}}.
	{{is_a: disputant  R726, P2.3.2.3.2.5.45}}.
	opponent, antagonist, adversary; adverse party, opposition; enemy &c. 891; the other side; assailant.
	oppositionist, obstructive; brawler, wrangler, brangler[obs3]; filibuster [U.S.], obstructionist.
	malcontent; Jacobin, Fenian; demagogue, reactionist[obs3].
	rival, competitor, corrival[obs3].
	bete noir[Fr].
	[context: war] {{has_subtype: Combatant,  R726a, P2.3.2.3.2.5.44  }}.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.43  Auxiliary (R711)
	#711. Auxiliary. -- N. {{trait_of(cooperation, R709, @M8.2  Antagonism,)}}.
	auxiliary; recruit; assistant; adjuvant, adjutant; ayudante[obs3], coaid[obs3]; adjunct; help, helper, help mate, helping hand; midwife; colleague, partner, mate, confrere, cooperator; coadjutor, coadjutrix[obs3]; collaborator.
	ally; friend &c. 890, confidant, fidus Achates[Lat][obs3], pal, buddy, alter ego.
	[criminal law] confederate; accomplice; complice; accessory, accessory after the fact; particeps criminis[Lat]; socius criminis[Lat].
	aide-de-camp, secretary, clerk, associate, marshal; right-hand, right-hand man, Friday, girl Friday, man Friday, gopher, gofer; candle-holder, bottle-holder; handmaid; servant &c. 746; puppet, cat's-paw, jackal[obs2].
	{{trait_of(gullibility)}} tool, dupe, stooge, ame damnee[Fr]; satellite, adherent.
	votary; sectarian, secretary; seconder, backer, supporter, upholder, abettor, advocate, partisan, champion, friend at court.
	{{patron, backer, angel [theater, entertainment].
	[impartial assistant to two parties] mediator, go-between.
	friend in need, Jack at a pinch, deus ex machina[Lat], guardian angel, tutelary genius.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.44  disputant  (R726)
	#726. Disputant. -- N.
	disputant, partisan, party; side.
	aggressor; defender, defendant; protagonist.
	[context: boxing] prize fighter, pugilist, boxer, bruiser, the fancy, gladiator, athlete, wrestler; fighting-cock, game-cock; .
	[context: intellectual disputes] controversialist, polemic, polemicist.
	[context: law] litigant; friend of the court, amicus curiae [Lat].
	{{has_subtype(litigant)}} plaintiff, defendant; plaintiff in error, defendant in error.
	{{has_subtype: opponent, R710, P2.3.2.3.2.5.42; auxiliary, R711, P2.3.2.3.2.5.43}}.
	V.  be a - party &c. to a dispute.
	{{synonym: contend, vie, R720}}.
	[become a disputant] take sides; join in, enter the fray.

<-- combatant has been narrowed slightly to refer more specifically to warfare, and renumbered as R726a.  Other disputants are under the previous heading -->
P2.3.2.3.2.5.45  Combatant, soldier  R726a
	#726a. Combatant. -- N. {{performed_by(warfare, R722, @M8.2  Antagonism)}}  {{is_a: disputant, R726, P2.3.2.3.2.5.44}}.
	combatant; belligerent; fighter, assailant.
	champion, Paladin; mosstrooper[obs3], swashbuckler, fire eater, duelist, bully, bludgeon man, rough.
	{{is_a: competitor, rival; P2.3.2.3.2.5.42  Opponent  (R710)}}.
	warrior, soldier, fighting man, man at arms, armigerent[obs3]; campaigner, veteran; swordsman, sabreur[obs3], redcoat, military man, Rajput.
	{{has_subtype(woman)}} Amazon.
	armed force, troops, soldiery, military forces, sabaoth[obs3], the army, standing army, regulars, the line, troops of the line, militia, yeomanry, volunteers, train-band, fencible[obs3]; auxiliary, bersagliere[obs3]; garde-nationale, garde-royale[Fr]; minuteman [Am. Hist.]; auxiliary forces, reserve forces; reserves, posse comitatus[Lat], national guard, gendarme, beefeater; guards, guardsman; yeomen of the guard, life guards, household troops.
	{{has_instance}} janissary; myrmidon; Mama, Mameluke; spahee[obs3], spahi[obs3], Cossack, Croat, Pandoz.
	{{has_subtype(American indian)}} brave.
	irregular, guerilla, partisan, insurgent, condottiere[obs3]; franctireur[Fr], tirailleur[obs3], bashi-bazouk.
	{{member_of(guerilla)}} guerilla group, guerilla organization.
	{{has_instance(guerilla group)}} vietminh, vietcong[in Vietnam]; shining path[in Peru]; contras[in Nicaragua]; huk, hukbalahap[in Philippines].
	mercenary, soldier of fortune; hired gun, gunfighter, gunslinger; bushwhacker, free lance, companion; Hessian.
	[criminals specializing in violence: see bad man] hit man, torpedo, soldier.
	levy, draught; Landwehr[Ger], Landsturm[Ger]; conscript, recruit, cadet, raw levies.
	infantry, infantryman, private, private soldier, foot soldier; Tommy Atkins[obs3], rank and file, peon, trooper, sepoy[obs3], legionnaire, legionary, cannon fodder, food for powder; officer &c. (commander) 745; subaltern, ensign, standard bearer; spearman, pikeman[obs3]; spear bearer; halberdier[obs3], lancer; musketeer, carabineer[obs3], rifleman, jager[Ger], sharpshooter, yager[obs3], skirmisher; grenadier, fusileer[obs3]; archer, bowman.
	horse and foot; horse soldier; cavalry, horse, artillery, horse artillery, light horse, voltigeur[Fr], uhlan,mounted rifles, dragoon, hussar; light dragoon, heavy dragoon; heavy; cuirassier[Fr]; Foot Guards, Horse Guards.
	gunner, cannoneer, bombardier, artilleryman[obs3], matross[obs3]; sapper, sapper and miner; engineer; light infantry, rifles,chasseur[Fr], zouave; military train, coolie.
	{{member_of(soldier)}} army, corps d'armee[Fr], host, division, battalia[obs3], column, wing, detachment, garrison, flying column, brigade, regiment, corps, battalion, sotnia[obs3], squadron, company, platoon, battery, subdivision, section, squad; piquet, picket, guard, rank, file; legion, phalanx, cohort; cloud of skirmishers.
	war horse, charger, destrier.
	marine, man-of-war's man &c. (sailor) 269; navy, wooden walls, naval forces, fleet, flotilla, armada, squadron.
	[ships of war] {{uses(naval warfare)}} {{has_subtype(ship)}} man-of-war; destroyer; submarine; minesweeper; torpedo-boat, torpedo-destroyer; patrol torpedo boat, PT boat; torpedo-catcher, war castle, H.M.S.; battleship, battle wagon, dreadnought,  line of battle ship, ship of the line; aircraft carrier, carrier. flattop[coll.]; helicopter carrier; missile platform, missile boat; ironclad, turret ship, ram, monitor, floating battery; first-rate, frigate, sloop of war, corvette, gunboat, bomb vessel; flagship, guard ship, cruiser; armored cruiser, protected cruiser; privateer.
	[supporting ships]  {{uses(naval warfare)}} {{has_subtype(ship)}} tender; store ship, troop ship; transport, catamaran; merchant marine.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.46 Possessor, Owner  (R779)
	#779. Possessor. -- N. {{performed_by(ownership, possession, R779, @M9.2.1   Property in General)}}.
	possessor, holder; occupant, occupier; tenant; person in possession, man in possession &c.777; renter, lodger, lessee, underlessee[obs3]; zemindar[obs3], ryot[obs3]; tenant on sufferance, tenant at will, tenant from year to year, tenant for years, tenant for life.
	owner; proprietor, proprietress, proprietary; impropriator[obs3], master, mistress, lord.
	land holder, land owner, landlord, land lady, slumlord; lord of the manor, lord paramount; heritor, laird, vavasour[obs3], landed gentry, mesne lord[obs3]; planter.
	cestui-que-trust[Fr], beneficiary, mortgagor.
	grantee, feoffee[obs3], releasee[Law], relessee[obs3], devisee; legatee, legatary[obs3].
	trustee; holder &c. of the legal estate; mortgagee.
	right owner, rightful owner.
	[Future possessor] heir presumptive, heir apparent; heiress; inheritor, inheritress, inheritrix; reversioner[obs3], remainderman[obs3].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.47  Seller  {{performed_by(Sale, R796)}}.
	seller; vender, vendor; auctioneer.
	{{has_subtype: merchant &c. 797}}.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.48   Merchant  (R797) {{has_subtype(seller, P2.3.2.3.2.5.47)}}.
	#797. Merchant.-- N. merchant, trader, dealer, monger, chandler, salesman; changer; regrater[obs3]; shopkeeper, shopman[obs3]; tradesman, tradespeople, tradesfolk.
	retailer; chapman, hawker, huckster, higgler[obs3]; peddler, pedlar, colporteur, cadger, Autolycus[obs3]; sutler[obs3], vivandiere[obs3]; costerman[obs3], costermonger[obs3]; tallyman; camelot; faker; vintner.
	salesman; traveling salesman, door-to-door salesman.
	{{has_instance(traveling salesman)}} Fuller brush man.
	money broker, cambist[obs3], money changer.
	banker, money lender, usurer, moneyer[obs3].
	jobber; broker &c. (agent) 758; buyer &c. 795; seller &c.796.
	{[in_frame(stock market)]} stockbroker; mutual fund manager; bear, bull.
	concern; firm &c. (partnership) 712.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.49  buyer
	buyer, purchaser, emptor[obs2], vendee.
	customer, client, patron.
	{{similar_to}} user, consumer.
	Phr.  caveat emptor[Lat: let the buyer beware].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.50  Advertiser {{&has_subtype(seller)}}
	advertiser.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.51  Timekeeper {{performed_by(chronometry, R114)}}.
	chronographer[obs3], timekeeper.
	{{&similar_to: chronologer, chronologist, annalist, @P2.3.2.3.2.5.52}}.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.52   historian  {{has_subtype(writer, P2.3.2.3.2.5.2)}}.
	historian.
	chronologer, chronologist, annalist.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.53  Antiquarian  {{performed_by(antiquarianism &c., @ R122, The Past )}}.
	antiquarian, antiquary; paleologist, paleontologist, archaeologist; laudator temporis acti[Lat]; medievalist, Pre-Raphaelite; archmologist &c.[obs3]; Oldbuck, Dryasdust.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.54  Propagandist  {{performed_by(persuasion, R537a)}}.
	proselytizer, propagandist; apologist, flack.
	press agent, news secretary; spin doctor.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.55  Director  (R694) {{performed_by(direction,R693)}}
	#694. Director. -- N. director, manager, governor, rector, comptroller.
	superintendent, supervisor, straw boss;.
	intendant; overseer, overlooker[obs3]; supercargo[obs3], husband, inspector, visitor, ranger, surveyor, aedile[obs3]; moderator, monitor, taskmaster; master &c. 745; leader, ringleader, demagogue, corypheus, conductor, fugleman[obs3], precentor[obs3], bellwether, agitator; caporal[obs3], choregus[obs3], collector, file leader, flugelman[obs3], linkboy[obs3].
	guiding star &c. (guidance) 693; adviser &c. 695; guide &c. (information) 527; pilot; helmsman; steersman, steermate[obs3]; wire-puller.
	driver, whip, Jehu, charioteer; coachman, carman, cabman; postilion, vetturino[obs3], muleteer, arriero[obs3], teamster; whipper in.
	head, head man, head center, boss; principal, president, speaker; chair, chairman, chairwoman, chairperson; captain &c. (master) 745; superior; mayor &c. (civil authority) 745; vice president, prime minister, premier, vizier, grand vizier, eparch[obs3].
	officer, functionary, minister, official, red-tapist[obs3], bureaucrat; man in office, Jack in office; office bearer;  person in authority &c. 745.
	statesman, strategist, legislator, lawgiver, politician, statist[obs2], statemonger[obs3]; Minos, Draco; arbiter &c. (judge) 967; boss  [U.S.], political dictator.
	board &c. (council) 696.
	secretary, secretary of state; Reis Effendi; vicar &c. (deputy) 759; steward, factor; agent &c. 758; bailiff, middleman; foreman, clerk of works; landreeve[obs3]; factotum, major-domo[obs3], seneschal, housekeeper, shepherd, croupier; proctor, procurator.
	Adv. ex officio.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.56 Persuader  {{performed_by(persuasion, R616a)}} 
	persuader, prompter, tempter; seducer, seductor[obs3]; instigator, firebrand, incendiary; Siren, Circe; agent provocateur; advocate, champion, lobbyist.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.57  Chatterer [person who is loquacious] -- N.
	talker; chatterer, chatterbox; babbler &c. v.; rattle; ranter; sermonizer, proser[obs3], driveler; blatherskite [U. S.]; gossip &c. (converse) 588; magpie, jay, parrot, poll, Babel; moulin a paroles[Fr].
	[ref loquacity R584, M8.1.4.3]

P2.3.2.3.2.5.57 informant  {{performed_by(information, communication, R527)}} 
	informant, authority, teller, intelligencer[obs3], reporter, exponent, mouthpiece.
	informer, eavesdropper, delator, detective; sleuth; mouchard[obs3], spy, newsmonger; messenger &c. 534; amicus curiae[Lat].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.58  Abridger
	{{performed_by(abridgement, @R201)}} abridger; summarizer, epitomist[obs3], epitomizer[obs3].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.59  Inhabitant (R188) 
	#188. Inhabitant.-- N. inhabitant; resident, residentiary[obs3]; dweller, indweller[obs3]; denizen.
	citizen, national; landsman[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(citizen)}} subject.
	native, indigene, aboriginal, aborigines, autochthones[obs3]; local, local resident.
	addressee; occupier, occupant; householder, lodger, inmate, tenant, incumbent, sojourner, locum tenens, commorant[obs3]; settler, squatter, backwoodsman, colonist; islander; burgher, oppidan[obs3], cockney, cit, townsman, burgess; villager; cottager, cottier[obs3], cotter; compatriot; backsettler[obs3], boarder; hotel keeper, innkeeper; habitant; paying guest; planter.
	{{property_of(newness)}} newcomer, immigrant.
	{{property_of(newness): stranger, R57}}.
	{{location_of(island, P2.3.1.1.6.2.3)}} islander.
	{{has_instance}} American, North American; European; South American: Asian, Asiatic.
	{{has_instance(citizen)}} {{has_subtype(European)}} Briton, Brit[coll.]; Bohemian; Bulgarian, Bulgar; Belgian; Englishman; Caledonian, Cambrian; Canadian, Canuck*; Scot, Scotchman; Hibernian, Irishman; Welshman; German; Frenchman; Dutchman; Italian; Russian; Spaniard; Yugoslav; Portuguese; Dane; Norwegian; Finn; Latvian, Lett; Lithuanian; Estonian; Pole; Hungarian; Czech; Slav; Swede; Swiss; Albanian; Greek; Turk; Romanian.
	{{has_subtype(American)}} downeaster [U.S.].
	{{has_metaphor(American)}} Uncle Sam, Yankee, Brother Jonathan.
	{{has_metaphor(Englishman)}} John Bull.
	garrison, crew; population; people &c. (mankind) 372; colony, settlement; household; mir[obs3].
	Adj. resident, inhabiting.
	native, indigenous, aboriginal; civic.
	{{has_instance}} British; English; American[obs3]; Canadian; Irish; Scotch, Scottish; Welsh.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.60  Doorkeeper
	{{location_of(door, entry)}} {{function_of(hindrance, R706)}} doorkeeper, portress, warder, beadle, cerberus, ostiary[obs3]; bouncer.
	superintendant, concierge[Fr.].
	floor attendant, dezhurny[Russ.].
	janitor, maintenance person, maintenance man, maintenance engineer.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.61  Porter
	{{performed_by(carry)}} porter.
	{{has_subtype(porter)}} redcap.
	{{has_subtype(porter)}} {{location_of(airport)}} skycap.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.62  Recorder (R553)
	#553. Recorder.
	N. {{performed_by(recording, M8.1.3.2.2)}}  recorder, notary, clerk; registrar, registrary[obs3], register; prothonotary[Law].
	amanuensis, secretary, stenographer, scribe, babu[obs3].
	remembrancer[obs3], bookkeeper, custos rotulorum[Lat], Master of the Rolls.
	annalist, historian, historiographer; chronicler, journalist.
	biographer &c. (narrator) 594; antiquary &c. (antiquity) 122.
	memorialist[obs3]; interviewer.
	{[in_frame(trial)]} court clerk, court stenographer.
	{{&uses(stenographer)}} shorthand; stenographic recorder.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.63  absentee.
	N. {{performed_by(absence, R187)}} truant, absentee, no-show; deserter, defector.
	missing person.
	Adj. absent, truant.
	missing.
	{[of(soldier)]} absent without leave, AWOL.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.64  Reinforcement.
	reinforcement, reenforcement[obs3]; contingents.
	{[of(military)]} reserves.
	relief; relay.; next shift
	V. reinforce; relieve, spell.

P2.3.2.3.2.5.65  Interpreter  (R524)
	#524. Interpreter.-- N. interpreter; expositor, expounder, exponent, explainer; demonstrator.
	scholiast, commentator, annotator; metaphrast[obs3], paraphrast[obs3]; glossarist[obs3], prolocutor.
	spokesman, speaker, mouthpiece.
	dragoman, courier, valet de place, cicerone, showman; oneirocritic[obs3]; (Edipus; oracle &c. 513).

P2.3.2.3.2.5.66 Guardian
	N. {{performed_by(protection)}} protector, guardian; warden, warder; preserver, custodian, duenna[Sp], chaperon, third person.
	watchdog, bandog[obs3]; Cerberus; watchman, patrolman, policeman; cop, dick, fuzz, smokey, peeler[obs1], zarp[obs1][all slang]; sentinel, sentry, scout &c. (warning) 668; garrison; guardship[obs3].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.67  Investor
	N. {{performed_by(investment,)}} investor, speculator, operator.
	bull, buyer; bear, seller, short seller.
	{{property_of(professional)}}} scalper, arbitrager[obs3], arbitrageur[obs3]; specialist; investment counseler; investment manager, fund manager.
	stockholder, share-holder, stockholder of record.
	bond holder, coupon-clipper [derogatory].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.68  Keeper  (R753)
	#753. Keeper. -- N. keeper, custodian, custos[Lat], ranger, warder, jailer, gaoler, turnkey, castellan[obs3], guard; watchdog, watchman; Charley; chokidar[obs3], durwan[obs3], hayward[obs3]; sentry, sentinel; watch and ward; concierge, coast guard, guarda costa[Sp], game keeper.
	escort, bodyguard.
	protector, governor, duenna[Sp]; guardian; governess &c. (teacher) 540; nurse, nanny, babysitter, catsitter, dogsitter,  bonne[Fr], ayah[obs3].

P2.3.2.3.2.5.69  Prisoner  (R754)
	#754. Prisoner. -- N. prisoner, prisoner of war, POW, captive, inmate, detainee, hostage, abductee[obs3], detenu[Fr], close prisoner.
	jail bird, ticket of leave man, chevronne[Fr].
	V. stand committed; be imprisoned &c. 751.
	take prisoner, take hostage (capture) 789.
	Adj. imprisoned &c. 751; in prison, in quod*[Lat], in durance vile, in limbo, in custody, doing time, in charge, in chains; under lock and key, under hatches; on parole.

<--   ****    END OF [[PERSON]]    ****    -->

P2.3.2.4  plant  R365, R367, R369, R371
				(symb. ANPLANT)  [[plant]]
<--  		365.	Vegetability   367.	Vegetable
			369.	Botany	371.	Agriculture  -->

	#367. Plant, Vegetable. -- N. {{property_of(vegetability, R365)}} vegetable, vegetable kingdom; flora, verdure; plant; growth.
	{{studied_in: botany, R369}}.
	{{has_subtype}} tree; shrub, bush; vine; creeper; herb, herbage; grass.
	{{has_subtype: flowering plant. P2.3.2.4.1}}.
	{{member_of(tree)}}  timber, forest; wood, woodlands; timberland; hurst[obs3], frith[obs3], holt, weald[obs3].
	{{member_of(tree)}} greenwood, brake, grove, copse, coppice, bocage[obs3], tope, clump of trees, bosk[obs3], thicket, spinet, spinney.
	{{member_of(tree)}} jungle, rain forest, tropical rain forest; temperate rain forest.
	{{has_subtype(tree)}} timber tree, fruit tree.
	underwood, brushwood; scrub; boscage, bosk[obs3], bosque[obs3], ceja[Sp], chaparal, motte [obs3][U.S.].
	{{member_of: park, arboretum  @R371}}.
	chase.
	bush, wild, outback[Australia].
	prairie; heath, heather; fern, bracken; furze, gorse, whin; grass, turf; pasture, pasturage; turbary[obs3].
	sedge, rush, weed.
	lichen, moss, conferva[obs3].
	{{has_subtype}} fungus, mold, mould; mushroom, toadstool.
	alfalfa, alfilaria[obs3], banyan; blow, blowth[obs3].
	floret[obs3], petiole.
	pin grass, timothy, yam, yew, zinnia.
	{{has_part}} foliage, branch, bough, ramage[obs3], stem, tigella[obs3];  leaf.
	spray &c. 51.
	{{has_part}} flower, blossom, bine[obs3].
	{{has_subtype}} pulse, legume.
	Adj. vegetable, vegetal, vegetive[obs3], vegitous[obs1]; herbaceous, herbal; botanic[obs3]; sylvan, silvan[obs3]; arborary[obs3], arboreous[obs3], arborescent[obs3], arborical[obs1]; woody, grassy; verdant, verdurous; floral, mossy; lignous[obs3], ligneous; wooden, leguminous; vosky[obs3], cespitose[obs3], turf-like, turfy; endogenous, exogenous.
	Phr. "green-robed senators of mighty woods" [Keats]; "this is the forest primeval" [Longfellow].

	#365. Vegetability. -- N. vegetable life; vegetation, vegetability; vegetality[obs3].
	V. vegetate, grow roots, put down roots.
	Adj. rank, lush; vegetable, vegetative, vegetal, vegetive[obs3].

	#369. [The science of plants.] Botany. -- N. botany; physiological botany, structural botany, systematic botany; phytography[obs3], phytology[obs3], phytotomy[obs3]; vegetable physiology, herborization[obs3], dendrology, mycology, fungology[obs3], algology[obs3]; flora, romona; botanic garden &c. (garden) 371[obs3]; hortus siccus[Lat], herbarium, herbal.
	botanist &c.; herbist[obs3], herbarist[obs3], herbalist, herborist[obs3], herbarian[obs3].
	V. botanize, herborize[obs3].
	Adj. botanical &c. n.; botanic[obs3].

	#371. [The economy or management of plants.] Agriculture. -- N. agriculture, cultivation, husbandry, farming; georgics, geoponics[obs3]; tillage, agronomy, gardening, spade husbandry, vintage; horticulture, arboriculture[obs3], floriculture; landscape gardening; viticulture.
	husbandman, horticulturist, gardener, florist; agricultor[obs3], agriculturist; yeoman, farmer, cultivator, tiller of the soil, woodcutter, backwoodsman; granger, habitat, vigneron[obs3], viticulturist; Triptolemus.
	field, meadow.
	garden; winter garden, ornamental garden, flower garden; kitchen garden, market garden, hop garden; nursery.
	arboretum, botanical garden, botanic garden[obs3].
	green house, hot house; conservatory.
	bed, border, seed plot; grassplot[obs3], grassplat[obs3], lawn; park &c. (pleasure ground) 840; parterre, shrubbery, plantation, avenue, arboretum, pinery[obs3], pinetum[obs3], orchard; vineyard, vinery; orangery[obs3]; farm &c. (abode) 189.
	V. cultivate; till the soil; farm, garden; sow, plant; reap, mow, cut; manure, dress the ground, dig, delve, dibble, hoe, plough, plow, harrow, rake, weed, lop and top; backset [obs3][U.S.].
	Adj. agricultural, agrarian, agrestic[obs3].
	arable, predial[obs3], rural, rustic, country; horticultural.
	bucolic, arcadian.

P2.3.2.4.1  Flowering plant
	flowerering plant.
	annual; perennial, biennial, triennial; exotic.
	{{has_part}} {{property_of(beauty)}} flower.
	{{has_subtype(flower)}} wildflower, flow'ret gay[obs3].
	rose; lily; anemone; asphodel; buttercup; crane's bill; daffodil; tulip; tiger lily, day lily; begonia; marigold; geranium; lily of the valley;  rhododendron; windflower.
	{{has_subtype(herb)}} ranunculus.

P2.3.2.4.2  Prickly Plant
	#367a. Prickly plant -- N. {{has_subtype(plant)}}
	brier, bramble, thistle; cactus; goose grass, hairif[obs3], hariff, flax comb, hackle, hatchel[obs3], heckle; beggar's lice.
	{{has_part(prickly plant, P2.3.2.4.2)}} {{property_of(sharpness): @P2.3.1.3.12.4.2, thorn; spine, needle; beard, chevaux de frise[Fr], comb; awn, bur, burr; catchweed[obs3], cleavers, clivers[obs3]}}.
	tag thorn, bristle; Adam's needle[obs3], bear grass [U.S.], tine, yucca.
	[ref: prickly animal, porcupine, hedgehog].

P2.3.2.5  microbes, viruses, indeterminate
<-- 		[[microbe]]		(includes all "life" categories of the UMLS not
				included in Animal or Plant)

		e. microbes, viruses, and indeterminate. (symb. ANMICRO) 
						virus-like agents
							bacteriophages
							fungal phages
							mammalian viruses
								DNA viruses
								RNA viruses
							scrapie-like agents
						procaryotes
							gram-positive
							gram-negative
							cyanobacteria
							chemolithotrophs
							halophiles (non-archaebacteria)
							mycobacteria
							archaebacteria
						eucaryotes
							yeasts
							fungi
							algae (red-brown)
-->
P2.4 Simple Actions of Physical Objects  (R264 to R315 exc. 268-273)
<--  			(generally, intransitive verbs)   -->
	action, simple action.

P2.4.1   Event       (R151, R152)                    [[event]]
	#151. Eventuality. -- N. eventuality, event, occurrence, incident, affair, matter, thing, episode, happening, proceeding, contingency, juncture, experience, fact; phenomenon; matter of fact, matter of record; naked fact, bare facts, just the facts; advent.
	business, concern,  transaction, dealing, proceeding.
	circumstance, particular.
	casualty, accident, adventure, passage, crisis, pass, emergency.
	contingency, consequence.
	occasion, opportunity (occasion) 134.
	the world, life, things, doings, affairs in general; things in general, affairs in general; the times, state of affairs, order of the day; course of events, course of things, tide of things, stream of things, current of things,  run of things, march of things, course of events.
	ups and downs of life, vicissitudes of life; chapter of accidents &c. (chance) 156; situation &c. (circumstances) 8.
	V. happen, occur, take place, come to pass.
	take  effect; come, become of; come off, come about, come round, come into existence, come forth, come on; pass, present itself; fall; fall out, turn out; run, be on foot, fall in; befall, betide, bechance[obs3]; prove, eventuate, draw on; turn up, crop up, spring up, pop up, arise, show up, show its face, appear, come forth, cast up; supervene, survene[obs3]; issue, arrive, ensue, arise, start, hold, take its course; pass off &c. (be past) 122.
	[ref: experience an event, R151a: experience, encounter, meet with, &c. @M6.1.1  Sensation].
	Adj. happening &c. v; going on, doing, current; in the wind, in the air, afloat; on foot, afoot, on the tapis[obs3]; at issue, in question; incidental.
	[ref: eventful, stirring, &c. @R151a].
	Adv. eventually; in the event of, in case, just in case; in the course of things; as things, times go; as the world goes, wags; as the tree falls, cat jumps; as it may turn out, happen.
	Phr. that's the way the ball bounces, that's the way the cookie crumbles; you never know what may turn up, you never know what the future will bring; the plot thickens; "breasts the blows of circumstance" [Tennyson]; "so runs round of life from hour to hour" [Tennyson]; "sprinkled along the waste of years" [Keble].

<--
%
Future Events
%  -->
<-- afterlife should be a separate categpry -->
	#152. Destiny. -- N. destiny &c. (necessity) 601; future existence, post existence; hereafter; future state, next world, world to come, after life; everlasting life, everlasting  death; life beyond the grave, world beyond the grave.
	prospect &c. (expectation) 507.
	futurity &c. 121.
	V. impend; hang over, lie over; threaten, loom, await, come on, approach, stare one in the face,
	foreordain, preordain; predestine, doom, have in store for.
	Adj. impending &c. v.; destined; about to be, happen; coming, upcoming, in store, to come, going to happen, instant, at hand, near; near, close at hand; over hanging, hanging over one's head, imminent; brewing, preparing, forthcoming; in the wind, on the cards, in the cards, in reserve; that will, is to be; in prospect &c. (expected) 507; looming, looming in the distance, looming on the horizon; unborn, in embryo; in the womb of time, futurity; pregnant &c. (producing) 161.
	prospective; yet to be.
	future &c. R121.
	Adv. in time, the long run; all in good time; eventually &c. 151; whatever may happen &c. (certainly) 474; as chance &c. 156 would have it.
	Phr.  "The moving finger writes and having writ, moves on.  Nor all your piety and wit can bring it back to cancel half a line, nor all your tears wash out a word of it." [Omar Khayyam].

P2.4.2   MOTION
P2.4.2.1  MOTION IN GENERAL....R264 to R270      [[motion]]
<--   		264.	Motion					265.	Quiescence
			266.	Journey					267.	Navigation
			270.	Transference
   (The following need transfer to other headings , HROLE and PO )
			268.	Traveler					269.	Mariner
			271.	Carrier
			272.	Vehicle					273.	Ship   -->

	#264. [Successive change of place.] Motion. -- N. motion, movement, translocation, move; going &c. v.; unrest.
	{{&has_result: collision, P2.6.1.2.2}}.
	[reciprocal change of location of two objects] transposition.
	[move across a region] transit.
	stream, flow, flux, run, course, stir; evolution; kinematics; telekinesis.
	step, rate, pace, tread, stride, gait, port, footfall, cadence, carriage, velocity, angular velocity; clip, progress, locomotion; journey &c. 266; voyage &c. 267; transit &c. 270.
	restlessness &c. (changeableness) 149; mobility; movableness, motive power; laws of motion; mobilization.
	V. be in motion &c. adj.; move, translocate, go; hie, gang, budge, stir, pass, flit; hover about, hover round, hover about; shift, slide, glide; roll, roll on; flow, stream, run, drift, sweep along; wander &c. (deviate) 279; walk &c. 266; change one's place, shift one's place, change one's quarters, shift one's quarters; dodge; keep going, keep moving.
	put in motion, set in motion; move; impel &c. 276; propel &c. 284; render movable, mobilize.
	[change location of two objects reciprocally] transpose.
	[move across a region][trans] transit, cross, pass over.
	Adj. moving &c. v.; in motion; transitional; motory[obs3], motive; shifting, movable, mobile, mercurial, unquiet; restless &c. (changeable) 149; nomadic &c. 266; erratic &c. 279.
	Adv. under way; on the move, on the wing, on the tramp, on the march.
	Phr. eppur si muove [It][Galileo]; es bildet ein Talent sich in der Stille[Ger], sich ein Charakter in dem Strom der Welt[Ger].

	#265. Quiescence. -- N. rest; stillness &c. adj.; quiescence; stagnation, stagnancy; fixity, immobility, catalepsy; indisturbance[obs3]; quietism.
	quiet, tranquility, calm; repose &c. 687; peace; dead calm, anticyclone[obs2]; statue-like repose; silence &c. 203; not a breath of air, not a mouse stirring; sleep &c. (inactivity) 683.
	pause, lull &c. (cessation) 142; stand still; standing still &c. v.; lock; dead lock, dead stop, dead stand; full stop; fix; embargo.
	resting place; gite[Fr]; bivouac; home &c. (abode) 189; pillow &c. (support) 215; haven &c. (refuge) 666; goal &c. (arrival) 292.
	{{similar_to: Physical Inertness, R172}}.
	V. be quiescent &c. adj.; stand still, lie still; keep quiet, repose, hold the breath.
	remain, stay; stand, lie to, ride at anchor, remain in situ, tarry, mark time; bring to, heave to, lay to; pull up, draw up; hold, halt; stop, stop short; rest, pause, anchor; cast to an anchor, come to an anchor; rest on one's oars; repose on one's laurels, take breath; stop &c. (discontinue) 142.
	stagnate; quieta non movere[Lat]; let alone; abide, rest and be thankful; keep within doors, stay at home, go to bed.
	dwell &c. (be present) 186; settle &c. (be located) 184; alight &c. (arrive) 292 stick, stick fast; stand like a post; not stir a peg, not stir a step; be at a stand &c. n. quell, becalm, hush, stay, lull to sleep, lay an embargo on.
	Adj. quiescent, still; motionless, moveless; fixed; stationary; immobile, immotile; at rest at a stand, at a standstill, at anchor; stock, still; standing still &c. v.; sedentary, untraveled, stay-at-home; becalmed, stagnant, quiet; unmoved, undisturbed, unruffled; calm, restful; cataleptic; immovable &c. (stable) 150; sleeping &c. (inactive) 683; silent &c. 403; still as a statue, still as a post, still as a mouse, still as death; vegetative, vegetating.
	Adv. at a stand &c. adj.; tout court; at the halt.
	Int. stop! stay! avast! halt! hold hard! whoa! hold! sabr karo[obs3]!.
	Phr. requiescat in pace[Lat]; Deus nobis haec otia fecit [Lat][Vergil]; "the noonday quiet holds the hill" [Tennyson].

	#266. [Locomotion by land.] Journey. -- N. travel; traveling &c. v. wayfaring, campaigning.
	journey, excursion, expedition, tour, trip, grand tour, circuit, peregrination, discursion[obs1], ramble, pilgrimage, hajj, trek, course, ambulation[obs3], march, walk, promenade, constitutional, stroll, saunter, tramp, jog trot, turn, stalk, perambulation; noctambulation[obs3], noctambulism; somnambulism; outing, ride, drive, airing, jaunt.
	equitation, horsemanship, riding, manege[Fr], ride and tie; basophobia[obs3].
	roving, vagrancy, pererration[obs1]; marching and countermarching; nomadism; vagabondism, vagabondage; hoboism [U.S.]; gadding; flit, flitting, migration; emigration, immigration, demigration[obs1], intermigration[obs3]; wanderlust.
	plan, itinerary, guide; handbook, guidebook, road book; Baedeker[obs3], Bradshaw, Murray; map, road map, transportation guide, subway map.
	procession, cavalcade, caravan, file, cortege, column.
	[Organs and instruments of locomotion] vehicle &c. 272; automobile, 'train, bus, airplane, plane, autobus, omnibus, subway, motorbike, dirt bike, off-road vehicle, van, minivan, motor scooter',trolley, locomotive; legs, feet, pegs, pins, trotters.
	traveler &c. 268.
	depot [U.S.], railway station, station.
	V. travel, journey, course; take a journey, go a journey; take a walk, go out for walk &c. n.; have a run; take the air.
	flit, take wing; migrate, emigrate; trek; rove, prowl, roam, range, patrol, pace up and down, traverse; scour the country, traverse the country; peragrate[obs1]; circumambulate, perambulate; nomadize[obs3], wander, ramble, stroll, saunter, hover, go one's rounds, straggle; gad, gad about; expatiate.
	walk, march, step, tread, pace, plod, wend, go by shank's mare; promenade; trudge, tramp; stalk, stride, straddle, strut, foot it, hoof it', stump, bundle, bowl along, toddle; paddle; tread a path.
	take horse, ride, drive, trot, amble, canter, prance, fisk[obs3], frisk, caracoler[obs3], caracole; gallop &c. (move quickly) 274.
	[start riding] embark, board, set out, hit the road, get going, get underway.
	peg on, jog on, wag on, shuffle on; stir one's stumps; bend one's steps, bend one's course; make one's way, find one's way, wend one's way, pick one's way, pick one's way, thread one's way, plow one's way; slide, glide, coast, skim, skate; march in procession, file on, defile.
	go to, repair to, resort to, hie to, betake oneself to.
	Adj. traveling &c. v.; ambulatory, itinerant, peripatetic, roving, rambling, gadding, discursive, vagrant, migratory, monadic; circumforanean[obs3], circumforaneous[obs3]; noctivagrant[obs3], mundivagrant; locomotive.
	wayfaring, wayworn; travel-stained.
	Adv. on foot, on horseback, on Shanks's mare; by the Marrowbone stage:
	in transitu &c. 270[Lat]; en route &c. 282.
	Int. come along!

	#267. [Locomotion by water, or air.] Navigation. -- N. navigation; aquatics; boating, yachting; ship &c. 273; oar, paddle, screw, sail, canvas, aileron.
	natation[obs3], swimming; fin, flipper, fish's tail.
	voyage, sail, cruise, passage, circumnavigation, periplus[obs3]; headway, sternway, leeway; fairway.
	mariner &c. 269.
	V. sail; put to sea &c. (depart) 293; take ship, get under way; set sail, spread sail, spread canvas; gather way, have way on; make sail, carry sail; plow the waves, plow the deep, plow the main, plow the ocean; walk the waters.
	navigate, warp, luff[obs3], scud, boom, kedge; drift, course, cruise, coast; hug the shore, hug the land; circumnavigate.
	ply the oar, row, paddle, pull, scull, punt, steam.
	swim, float; buffet the waves, ride the storm, skim, effleurer[Fr], dive, wade.
	Adj. sailing &c. v.; volant[obs3], aerostatic[obs3]; seafaring, nautical, maritime, naval; seagoing, coasting; afloat; navigable; aerial, aeronautic; grallatory[obs3].
	Adv. under way, under sail, under canvas, under steam; on the wing, in flight, in orbit.
	Phr. bon voyage; "spread the thin oar and catch the driving gale" [Pope].

	#267a.  Aviation. -- N.  aviation, flying, flight; balloonery[obs3]  ballooning; volitation[obs3]; aerospace.
	{{studied_in}} airmanship, aeronautics, aerostation[obs3], aerostatics[obs3].
	rocketry, space travel.
	{{studied_in(space travel)}}  astronautics, orbital mechanics, orbiting.
	{{uses(ballooning): balloon  273}}.
	flight, trip, run.
	{{has_subtype(flight)}} shuttle.
	{{has_subtype(flight)}} {{has_property(multiplicity, R102)}} airlift.
	{{uses}} {{has_subtype(vehicle): airplane, plane; airship}}.
	{{has_part(airplane)}} wing, pinion.
	{{uses(rocketry)}} rocket.
	{{performed_by}} {{has_subtype(company, @R17)}} airline.
	{{performed_by(space travel/rocketry)}} {{has_subtype(government organization)}} 
	V. fly, be wafted, hover, soar, flutter.
	{{has_commencemnt(fly)}} take wing, take a flight, take off, ascend, blast off.
	{{has_termination(fly)}} land, alight; wing one's flight, wing one's way; aviate.
	parachute, jump; glide.
	jet, orbit, rocket
<--   (The following need transfer to other headings , HROLE and PO )
			268.	Traveler					269.	Mariner
			To P2.3.1.3.16 Conveyance
			271.	Carrier
			272.	Vehicle					273.	Ship   -->
	#270. Transference. -- N. transfer, transference; translocation, elocation[obs1].
	{{has_function(vehicle, R272)}} transmission, transport, transportation; importation; exportation, transumption[obs3].
	transplantation, translation; shifting, dodging; dispersion &c. 73; transposition &c. (interchange) 148; traction &c. 285.
	displacement; metastasis, metathesis; removal; remotion[obs3], amotion[obs3]; relegation; deportation, asportation[obs3]; extradition.
	shipping, conveyance, draft, carrying, carriage.
	{{has_commencement(shipping)}} loading.
	{{has_termination(shipping)}} unloading.
	{{has_subtype(loading)}} freight loading.
	{{has_subtype(loading)}} {[of(person)]} boarding, embarkation, embarking.
	{{has_subtype(unloading)}} {[of(person)]} disembarkation, disembarking, debarking.
	{{has_subtype(freight loading)}} rail freight loading; air freight loading.
	convection, conduction, contagion; transfer &c. (of property) 783.
	transit, transition; passage, ferry, gestation; portage, porterage[obs3], carting, cartage; shoveling &c. v.; vection[obs1], vecture[obs1], vectitation[obs1].
	{{has_patient: @R190, shipment, freight, cargo, load}}.
	{{has_subtype(freight)}} rail freight; air freight; water freight, marine freight.
	[Thing transferred] drift.
	V. transfer, transmit, transport, transplace[obs3], transplant, translocate; convey, carry, bear, fetch and carry; carry over, ferry over; hand pass, forward; shift; conduct, convoy, bring, fetch, reach; tote [U.S.]; port, import, export.
	send, delegate, consign, relegate, turn over to, deliver; ship, embark; waft; shunt; transpose &c. (interchange) 148; displace &c. 185; throw &c. 284; drag &c. 285; mail, post.
	shovel, ladle, decant, draft off, transfuse, infuse, siphon.
	Adj. transferred &c. v.; drifted, movable; portable, portative[obs3]; mailable [U.S.]; contagious.
	Adv. from hand to hand, from pillar to post.
	on the way, by the way; on the road, on the wing, under way, in transit, on course; as one goes; in transitu[Lat], en route, chemin faisant[Fr], en passant[Fr], in mid progress, in mid course.

P2.4.2.2   DEGREES OF MOTION...R274, R275
<--   	274.	Velocity					275.	Slowness  -->

	#274. Velocity. -- N. velocity, speed, celerity; swiftness &c. adj.; rapidity, eagle speed; expedition &c. (activity) 682; pernicity[obs1]; acceleration; haste &c. 684.
	spurt, rush, dash, race, steeple chase; smart rate, lively rate, swift rate &c. adj.; rattling rate, spanking rate, strapping rate, smart pace, lively pace, swift pace, rattling pace, spanking pace, strapping pace; round pace; flying, flight.
	lightning, greased lightning, light, electricity, wind; cannon ball, rocket, arrow, dart, hydrargyrum[Lat], quicksilver; telegraph, express train; torrent.
	eagle, antelope, courser, race horse, gazelle, greyhound, hare, doe, squirrel, camel bird, chickaree[obs3], chipmunk, hackee [obs3][U.S.], ostrich, scorcher*.
	Mercury, Ariel[obs3], Camilla[obs3], Harlequin.
	[Measurement of velocity] log, log line; speedometer, odometer, tachometer, strobe, radar speed detector, radar trap, air speed gauge, wind sock, wind speed meter; pedometer.
	V. move quickly, trip, fisk[obs1]; speed, hie, hasten, post, spank, scuttle; scud, scuddle[obs3]; scour, scour the plain; scamper; run like mad, beat it; fly, race, run a race, cut away, shot, tear, whisk, zoom, swoosh,  sweep, skim, brush; cut along, bowl along, barrel along, barrel; scorch, burn up the track; rush &c. (be violent) 173; dash on, dash off, dash forward; bolt; trot, gallop, amble, troll, bound, flit, spring, dart, boom; march in quick time, march in double time; ride hard, get over the ground.
	hurry &c. (hasten) 684; accelerate, put on; quicken; quicken one's pace, mend one's pace; clap spurs to one's horse; make haste, make rapid strides, make forced marches, make the best of one's way; put one's best leg foremost, stir one's stumps, wing one's way, set off at a score; carry sail, crowd sail; go off like a shot, go like a shot, go ahead, gain ground; outstrip the wind, fly on the wings of the wind.
	keep up with, keep pace with; outstrip &c. 303; outmarch[obs3].
	Adj. fast, speedy, swift, rapid, quick, fleet; aliped[obs3]; nimble, agile, expeditious; express; active &c. 682; flying, galloping &c. v.; light footed, nimble footed; winged, eagle winged, mercurial, electric, telegraphic; light-legged, light of heel; swift as an arrow &c. n.; quick as lightning &c. n., quick as a thought.
	Adv. swiftly &c. adj.; with speed &c. n.; apace; at a great rate, at full speed, at railway speed; full drive, full gallop; posthaste, in full sail, tantivy[obs3]; trippingly; instantaneously &c. 113.
	under press of sail, under press of canvas, under press of sail and steam; velis et remis[Lat], on eagle's wing, in double quick time; with rapid strides, with giant strides; a pas de geant[Fr]; in seven league boots; whip and spur; ventre a terre[Fr]; as fast as one's legs will carry one, as fast as one's heels will carry one; as fast as one can lay legs to the ground, at the top of one;s speed; by leaps and bounds; with haste &c. 684.
	Phr. vires acquirit eundo[Lat]; "I'll put a girdle about the earth in forty minutes" [M.N.D.]; "swifter than arrow from the Tartar's bow" [M.N.D.]; go like a bat out of hell; tempus fugit[Lat].

	#275. Slowness. -- N. slowness &c. adj.; languor &c. (inactivity) 683; drawl; creeping &c. v., lentor[obs3].
	retardation; slackening &c. v.; delay &c. (lateness) 133; claudication[obs1].
	jog trot, dog trot; mincing steps; slow march, slow time.
	slow goer[obs3], slow coach, slow back; lingerer, loiterer, sluggard, tortoise, snail; poke* [U.S.]; dawdle &c. (inactive) 683.
	V. move slowly &c. adv.; creep, crawl, lag, slug, drawl, linger, loiter, saunter; plod, trudge, stump along, lumber, poke along[coll]; trail, drag; dawdle &c. (be inactive) 683; grovel, worm one's way, steal along; job on, rub on, bundle on; toddle, waddle, wabble[obs3], slug, traipse, slouch, shuffle, halt, hobble, limp, caludicate[obs1], shamble; flag, falter, trotter, stagger; mince, step short; march in slow time, march in funeral procession; take one's time; hang fire &c. (be late) 133.
	retard, relax; slacken, check, moderate, rein in, curb; reef; strike sail, shorten sail, take in sail; put on the drag, apply the brake; clip the wings; reduce the speed; slacken speed, slacken one's pace; lose ground.
	Adj. slow, slack; tardy; dilatory &c. (inactive) 683; gentle, easy; leisurely; deliberate, gradual; insensible, imperceptible; glacial, languid, sluggish, slow paced, tardigrade[obs2], snail-like; creeping &c. v.; reptatorial[obs3].
	Adv. slowly &c. adj.; leisurely; piano, adagio; largo, larghetto;  at half speed, under easy sail; at a foots pace, at a snail's pace, at a funeral pace; in slow time, with mincing steps, with clipped wings; haud passibus aequis [Lat][Vergil].
	gradually &c. adj.; gradatim[Lat]; by degrees, by slow degrees, by inches, by little and little; step by step, one step at a time; inch by inch, bit by bit, little by little, seriatim; consecutively.
	Phr. dum Roma deliberat Saguntum perit[Lat]; at a glacial pace.

<--   The following entries have been moved to Collision, at Physics,

P2.4.2.3   MOTION CONJOINED WITH FORCE...R276, R277
   	276.	Impulse					277.	Recoil   -->
<-- distinguish between impact, collision, and impulse imparted thereby? 12-13-90 -->
P2.4.2.4   MOTION WITH REFERENCE TO DIRECTION  R278 to R315
			(exc. 298, 299)
<--  	278.	Direction					279.	Deviation
		280. Precession				281.	Sequence
		282.	Progression				283.	Regression
		284.	Propulsion				285.	Traction
		286.	Approach					287.	Recession
		288.	Attraction				289.	Repulsion
		290.	Convergence				291.	Divergence
		292.	Arrival					293 	Departure
		294.	Ingress					295.	Egress
		296.	Reception					297.	Ejection
<-- 	298.	Food			299.	Excretion  moved  -->
		300.	Insertion					301.	Extraction
		302.	Passage
		303.	Transcursion				304.	Shortcoming
		305.	Ascent					306.	Descent
		307.	Elevation					308.	Depression
		309.	Leap						310.	Plunge
		311.	Circuition
		312.	Rotation					313.	Evolution
		314.	Oscillation
		315.	Agitation  
  -->
	#278. Direction. -- N. direction, bearing, course, vector; set, drift, tenor; tendency &c. 176; incidence; bending, trending &c. v.; dip, tack, aim, collimation; steering steerage.
	point of the compass, cardinal points; North East, South, West; N by E, ENE, NE by N, NE, &c; rhumb[obs3], azimuth, line of collimation.
	line, path, road, range, quarter, line of march; alignment, allignment[obs3]; air line, beeline; straight shoot.
	V. tend towards, bend towards, point towards; conduct to, go to; point to, point at; bend, trend, verge, incline, dip, determine.
	steer for, steer towards, make for, make towards; aim at, level at; take aim; keep a course, hold a course; be bound for; bend one's steps towards; direct one's course, steer one's course, bend one's course, shape one's course; align one's march, allign one's march[obs3]; to straight, go straight to the point; march on, march on a point.
	ascertain one's direction &c. n.; s'orienter[French], see which way the wind blows; box the compass; take the air line.
	Adj. directed &c. v. directed towards; pointing towards &c. v.; bound for; aligned, with alligned with[obs3]; direct, straight; undeviating, unswerving; straightforward; North, Northern, Northerly, &c. n.
	Adv. towards; on the road, on the high road to; en avant; versus, to; hither, thither, whither; directly; straight as an arrow, forwards as an arrow; point blank; in a bee line to, in a direct line to, as the crow flies, in a straight line to, in a bee line for, in a direct line for, in a straight line for, in a bee line with, in a direct line with, in a straight line with; in a line with; full tilt at, as the crow flies.
	before the wind, near the wind, close to the wind, against the wind; windwards, in the wind's eye.
	through, via, by way of; in all directions, in all manner of ways; quaquaversum[Lat], from the four winds.
	Phr.  the shortest distance between two points is a straight line.

	#279. Deviation. -- N. deviation; swerving &c. v.; obliquation[obs1], warp, refraction; flection[obs3], flexion; sweep; deflection, deflexure[obs3]; declination.
	diversion, digression, depart from, aberration; divergence &c. 291; zigzag;  divagation; detour &c. (circuit) 629.
	[Desultory motion] wandering &c. v.; vagrancy, evagation[obs3]; bypaths and crooked ways; byroad.
	[Motion sideways, oblique motion] sidling &c. v.; knight's move at chess.
	[ref: R20a, Variation].
	V. alter one's course, deviate, depart from, turn, trend; bend, curve &c. 245; swerve, heel, bear off; gybe[obs3], wear.
	intervert[obs3]; deflect; divert, divert from its course; put on a new scent, shift, shunt, draw aside, crook, warp.
	stray, straggle; sidle; diverge &c. 291; tralineate[obs1]; digress, wander; wind, twist, meander; veer, tack; divagate; sidetrack; turn aside, turn a corner, turn away from; wheel, steer clear of; ramble, rove, drift; go astray, go adrift; yaw, dodge; step aside, ease off, make way for, shy.
	fly off at a tangent; glance off; wheel about, face about; turn to the right about, face to the right about; waddle &c. (oscillate) 314; go out of one's way &c. (perform a circuit) 629; lose one's way.
	Adj. deviating &c. v.; aberrant, errant; excursive, discursive; devious, desultory, loose; rambling; stray, erratic, vagrant, undirected, circuitous, indirect, zigzag; crab-like.
	Adv. astray from, round about, wide of the mark; to the right about; all manner of ways; circuitously &c. 629.
	obliquely, sideling, like the move of the knight on a chessboard.

	#280. [Going before.] Precession. -- N. precession, leading, heading; precedence &c. 62; priority &c. 116.
	the lead, le pas; van &c. (front) 234.
	precursor &c. 64.
	V. go before, go ahead, go in the van, go in advance; precede, forerun; usher in, introduce, herald, head, take the lead; lead the way, lead the dance; get the start, have the start; steal a march; get before, get ahead, get in front of; outstrip &c. 303; take precedence &c. (first in order) 62.
	Adj. leading, precedent &c. v.
	Adv.  in advance, before, ahead, in the van, in the lead; foremost, headmost[obs3]; in front; at the head, out in front; way out in front, far ahead.
	Phr.  seniores priores[Lat], ahead of his time.

	#281. [Going after.] Sequence. -- N. sequence; coming after &c. (order) 63; (time) 117; following pursuit &c. 622.
	follower, attendant, satellite, shadow, dangler, train.
	V. follow; pursue &c. 622; go after, fly after.
	attend, beset, dance attendance on, dog; tread in the steps of, tread close upon; be in the wake of, be in the trail of, be in the rear of, go in the wake of, go in the trail of, go in the rear of, follow in the wake of, follow in the trail of, follow in the rear of; follow as a shadow, hang on the skirts of; tread on the heels of, follow on the heels of; camp on the trail.
	Adj. subsequent, next, succeeding; following &c. v..
	Adv. behind; in the rear &c. 235, in the train of, in the wake of; after &c. (order) 63, (time) 117.

	#282.  [Motion forward; progressive motion.] Progression. -- N. progress, progression, progressiveness; advancing &c. v.; advance, advancement; ongoing; flood, tide, headway; march &c. 266; rise; improvement &c. 658.
	V. advance; proceed, progress; get on, get along, get over the ground; gain ground; forge ahead; jog on, rub on, wag on; go with the stream; keep one;s course, hold on one's course; go on, move on, come one, get on, pass on, push on, press on, go forward, move forward, come forward, get forward, pass forward, push forward, press forward, go forwards, move forwards, come forwards, get forwards, pass forwards, push forwards, press forwards, go ahead, move ahead, come ahead, get ahead, pass ahead, push ahead, press ahead; make one's way, work one's way, carve one's way, push one's way, force one's way, edge one's way, elbow one's way; make progress, make head, make way, make headway, make advances, make strides, make rapid strides &c. (velocity) 274; go ahead, shoot ahead; distance; make up leeway.
	Adj. advancing &c. v.; progressive, profluent[obs3]; advanced.
	Adv. forward, onward; forth, on, ahead, under way, en route for, on one's way, on the way, on the road, on the high road, on the road to; in progress; in mid progress; in transitu &c. 270[Lat].
	Phr. vestigia nulla retrorsum[Lat]; "westward the course of empire takes its way" [Berkeley].

	#283. [Motion backwards.] Regression. -- N. regress, regression; retrocession[obs3], retrogression, retrograduation[obs3], retroaction; reculade[obs3]; retreat, withdrawal, retirement, remigration[obs3]; recession &c. (motion from) 287; recess; crab-like motion.
	refluence[obs3], reflux; backwater, regurgitation, ebb, return; resilience reflection, reflexion (recoil) 277[Brit]; flip-flop, volte-face[Fr].
	counter motion, retrograde motion, backward movement, motion in reverse, counter movement, counter march; veering, tergiversation, recidivation[obs1], backsliding, fall; deterioration &c. 659; recidivism, recidivity[obs3].
	reversal, relapse, turning point &c.(reversion) 145.
	V. recede, regrade, return, revert, retreat, retire; retrograde, retrocede; back out; back down; balk; crawfish* [U.S.], crawl*; withdraw; rebound &c. 277; go back, come back, turn back, hark back, draw back, fall back, get back, put back, run back; lose ground; fall astern, drop astern; backwater, put about; backtrack, take the back track; veer round; double, wheel, countermarch; ebb, regurgitate; jib, shrink, shy.
	turn tail, turn round, turn upon one's heel, turn one's back upon; retrace one's steps, dance the back step; sound a retreat, beat a retreat; go home.
	Adj. receding &c. v.; retrograde, backward, retrogressive.
	regressive, refluent[obs3], reflex, recidivous, resilient.
	crab-like; balky.
	{{similar_to: reactionary &c. 277}}.
	Adv. back, backwards; reflexively, to the right about; a reculons[Fr], a rebours[Fr].
	Phr. revenons a nos moutons[Fr], as you were.

	#284. [Motion given to an object situated in front.] Propulsion. -- N. propulsion, projection; propelment[obs3]; vis a tergo[Lat: force from behind]; push, shove &c. (impulse) 276; ejaculate; ejection &c. 297; throw, fling, toss, shot, discharge, shy; launch, release.
	[Science of propulsion] projectiles, ballistics, archery.
	[devices to give propulsion] propeller, screw, twin screws, turbine, jet engine. 
	[objects propelled] missile, projectile, ball, discus, quoit, brickbat, shot;
	[weapons which propel] arrow, gun, ballista &c. (arms) 727[obs3].
	[preparation for propulsion] countdown, windup.
	shooter; shot; archer, toxophilite[obs3]; bowman, rifleman, marksman; good shot, crack shot; sharpshooter &c. (combatant) 726.
	V. propel, project, throw, fling, cast, pitch, chuck, toss, jerk, heave, shy, hurl; flirt, fillip.
	dart, lance, tilt; ejaculate, jaculate[obs3]; fulminate, bolt, drive, sling, pitchfork.
	send; send off, let off, fire off; discharge, shoot; launch, release, send forth, let fly; put in orbit, send into orbit, launch into orbit dash.
	put in motion, set in motion; set agoing[obs3], start; give a start, give an impulse to; impel &c. 276; trundle &c. (set in rotation) 312; expel &c. 297.
	carry one off one's legs; put to flight.
	Adj. propelled &c. v.; propelling &c. v..; propulsive, projectile.

	#285. [Motion given to an object situated behind.] Traction. -- N. traction; drawing &c. v.; draught, pull, haul; rake; "a long pull a strong pull and a pull all together"; towage[obs3], haulage.
	V. draw, pull, haul, lug, rake, drag, tug, tow, trail, train; take in tow.
	wrench, jerk, twitch, touse[obs1]; yank [U.S.].
	Adj. drawing &c. v.; tractile[obs3], tractive.

	#286. [Motion towards.] Approach. -- N. approach, approximation, appropinquation[obs3]; access; appulse[obs3]; afflux[obs3], affluxion[obs3]; advent &c. (approach of time) 121; pursuit &c. 622.
	V. approach, approximate, appropinquate[obs3]; near; get near, go near, draw near; come to close quarters, come near; move towards, set in towards; drift; make up to; gain upon; pursue &c. 622; tread on the heels of; bear up; make the land; hug the shore, hug the land.
	Adj. approaching &c. v.; approximative[obs3]; affluent; impending, imminent &c. (destined 152).
	Adv. on the road.
	Int. come hither! approach! here! come! come near! forward!

	#287. [Motion from.] Recession. -- N. recession, retirement, withdrawal; retreat; retrocession &c. 283[obs3]; departure, &c. 293; recoil &c. 277; flight &c. (avoidance) 623.
	V. recede, go, move back, move from, retire; withdraw, shrink, back off; come away, move away, back away, go away, get away, drift away; depart &c. 293; retreat &c. 283; move off, stand off, sheer off; fall back, stand aside; run away &c. (avoid) 623.
	remove, shunt, distance.
	Adj. receding &c. v.
	Phr. distance oneself from a person.

	#288. [Motion towards, actively; force causing to draw closer.] Attraction. -- N. attraction, attractiveness; attractivity[obs3]; drawing to, pulling towards, adduction[obs3].
	electrical attraction, electricity, static electricity, static, static cling; magnetism, magnetic attraction; gravity, attraction of gravitation.
	 lodestone[objects which attract by physical force], loadstone, lodestar, loadstar[obs3]; magnet, permanent magnet, siderite, magnetite; electromagnet; magnetic coil, voice coil; magnetic dipole; motor coil, rotor, stator.
	electrical charge; positive charge, negative charge.
	magnetic pole; north pole, south pole; magnetic monopole.
	V. attract, draw; draw towards, pull towards, drag towards; adduce.
	Adj. attracting &c. v.; attrahent[obs3], attractive, adducent[obs3], adductive[obs3].
	centrifugal.
	Phr. ubi mel ibi apes  [Latin][Plautus].

	#289. [Motion from, actively; force driving apart.] Repulsion. -- N. repulsion; driving from &c. v.; repulse, abduction.
	magnetic repulsion, magnetic levitation; antigravity.
	V. repel, push from, drive apart, drive from &c. 276; chase, dispel; retrude[obs3]; abduce[obs3], abduct; send away; repulse.
	keep at arm's length, turn one's back upon, give the cold shoulder; send off, send away with a flea in one's ear.
	Adj. repelling &c. v.; repellent, repulsive; abducent[obs3], abductive[obs3].
	centripetal
	Phr. like charges repel; opposite charges attract; like poles repel,
opposite poles attract.

	#290. [Motion nearer to.] Convergence. -- N. convergence, confluence, concourse, conflux[obs3], congress, concurrence, concentration; convergency; appulse[obs3], meeting; corradiation[obs3].
	assemblage &c. 72; resort &c. (focus) 74; asymptote.
	V. converge, concur, come together, unite, meet, fall in with; close with, close in upon; center round, center in; enter in; pour in.
	gather together, unite, concentrate, bring into a focus.
	Adj. converging &c. v.; convergent, confluent, concurrent; centripetal; asymptotical, asymptotic; confluxible[obs3].

	#291. [Motion further off.] Divergence. -- N. divergence, divergency[obs3]; divarication, ramification, forking; radiation; separation &c. (disjunction) 44; dispersion &c. 73; deviation &c. 279; aberration.
	V. diverge, divaricate, radiate; ramify; branch off, glance off, file off; fly off, fly off at a tangent; spread, scatter, disperse &c. 73; deviate &c. 279; part &c. (separate) 44.
	Adj. diverging &c. v.; divergent, radiant, centrifugal; aberrant.

	#292. [Terminal motion at.] Arrival. -- N. arrival, advent; landing; debarkation, disembarkation; reception, welcome, vin d'honneur[Fr].
	home, goal, goalpost; landing place, landing stage; bunder[obs3]; resting place; destination, harbor, haven, port, airport, spaceport; terminus, halting place, halting ground, landing strip, runway, terminal; journey's end; anchorage &c. (refuge) 666.
	return, remigration[obs3]; meeting; rencounter[obs3], encounter.
	completion &c. 729.
	recursion[Math, Comp]. 
	V. arrive; get to, come to; come; reach, attain; come up with, come up to; overtake, make, fetch; complete &c. 729; join, rejoin.
	light, alight, dismount; land, go ashore; debark, disembark; put in, put into; visit, cast anchor, pitch one's tent; sit down &c. (be located) 184; get to one's journey's end; make the land; be in at the death; come back, get back, come home, get home; return; come in &c. (ingress) 294; make one's appearance &c. (appear) 446; drop in; detrain, deplane; outspan; de-orbit.
	come to hand; come at, come across; hit; come upon, light upon, pop upon, bounce upon, plump upon, burst upon, pitch upon; meet; encounter, rencounter[obs3]; come in contact.
	Adj. arriving &c. v.; homeward bound.
	Adv. here, hither.
	Int. welcome! hail! all Hail! good-day, good morrow! 
	Phr. any port in a storm.

	#293. [Initial motion from.] Departure. -- N. departure, decession[obs3], decampment; embarkation; outset, start; removal; exit &c. (egress) 295; exodus, hejira, flight.
	leave taking, valediction, adieu, farewell, goodbye, auf wiedersehen[Ger], sayonara, dosvidanya[Russ], ciao, aloha, hasta la vista[Sp]; stirrup cup; valedictorian.
	starting point, starting post; point of departure, point of embarkation, place of departure, place of embarkation; port of embarkation; airport, take-off point, taxiing runway, runway, launching pad, spaceport.
	V. depart; go away; take one's departure, set out; set off, march off, put off, start off, be off, move off, get off, whip off, pack off, go off, take oneself off; start, issue, march out, debouch; go forth, sally forth; sally, set forward; be gone; hail from.
	leave a place, quit, vacate, evacuate, abandon; go off the stage, make one's exit; retire, withdraw, bow out, remove, remove oneself from the scene; vamoose[quaint], vamose[obs3][U.S.].
	go one's way, go along, go from home.
	take flight, take wing; spring, fly, flit, wing one's flight; fly away, whip away.
	embark; go on board, go aboard, board.
	set sail, put to sea, go to sea; sail, take ship; hoist blue Peter; get under way, weigh anchor.
	strike tents, decamp, break camp; walk one's chalks, cut one's stick.
	take leave; say good bye, bid goodbye &c. n..
	disappear &c. 449; entrain; inspan[obs3].
	[ref: abscond &c. (avoid) 623].
	beat a retreat; turn tail, turn one's back; take to one's heels; runaway, run for one's life; cut and run; be off like a shot; fly, flee; fly away, flee away, run away from; take flight, take to flight; desert, elope; make off, scamper off, sneak off, shuffle off, sheer off; break away, tear oneself away, slip away, slink away, steal off, steal away, make away from, scamper away from, sneak away from, shuffle away from, sheer away from; slip cable, part company, turn one's heel; sneak out of, play truant, give one the go by, give leg bail, take French leave, slope, flit, bolt, abscond, levant, skedaddle, absquatulate [obs3][U.S.], cut one's stick, walk one's chalks, show a light pair of heels, make oneself scarce.
	[ref] escape &c. 671.
	Adj. departing &c. v.; valedictory; outward bound.
	Adv. whence, hence, thence; with a foot in the stirrup; on the wing, on the move.
	Int.  begone! &c. (ejection) 297; farewell! adieu! goodbye! good day! au revoir[Fr]! fare you well! God bless you! God speed! all aboard! auf wiedersehen[Ger]!; au plaisir de vous revoir[Fr]! bon voyage! gluckliche Reise[Ger]! vive valeque[Fr]!

	#294. [Motion into.] Ingress. -- N. ingress; entrance, entry; introgression; influx, intrusion, inroad, incursion, invasion, irruption; ingression; penetration, interpenetration; illapse[obs3], import, infiltration; immigration; admission &c. (reception) 296; insinuation &c. (interjacence) 228[obs3]; insertion &c. 300.
	inlet; way in; mouth, door, &c. (opening) 260; barway[obs3]; path &c. (way) 627; conduit &c. 350; immigrant.
	V. have the entree; enter; go into, go in, come into, come in, pour into, pour in, flow into, flow in, creep into, creep in, slip into, slip in, pop into, pop in, break into, break in, burst into, burst in; set foot on; ingress; burst in upon, break in upon; invade, intrude; insinuate itself; interpenetrate, penetrate; infiltrate; find one's way into, wriggle into, worm oneself into.
	give entrance to &c. (receive) 296; insert &c. 300.
	Adj. incoming.

	#295. [Motion out of.] Egress. -- N. egress, exit, issue; emersion, emergence; outbreak, outburst; eruption, proruption[obs3]; emanation; egression; evacuation; exudation, transudation; extravasation[Med], perspiration, sweating, leakage, percolation, distillation, oozing; gush &c. (water in motion) 348; outpour, outpouring; effluence, effusion; effluxion[obs3], drain; dribbling &c. v.; defluxion[obs3]; drainage; outcome, output; discharge &c. (excretion) 299.
	export, expatriation; emigration, remigration[obs3]; debouch, debouche; emunctory[obs3]; exodus &c. (departure) 293; emigrant.
	outlet, vent, spout, tap, sluice, floodgate; pore; vomitory, outgate[obs3], sally port; way out; mouth, door &c. (opening) 260; path &c. (way) 627; conduit &c. 350; airpipe &c. 351[obs3].
	V. emerge, emanate, issue; egress; go out of, come out of, move out of, pass out of, pour out of, flow out of; pass out of, evacuate.
	exude, transude; leak, run through, out through; percolate, transcolate[obs1]; egurgitate[obs3]; strain, distill; perspire, sweat, drain, ooze; filter, filtrate; dribble, gush, spout, flow out; well, well out; pour, trickle, &c. (water in motion) 348; effuse, extravasate[Med], disembogue[obs3], discharge itself, debouch; come forth, break forth; burst out, burst through; find vent; escape &c. 671.
	Adj. effused &c. v.; outgoing.

	#296. [Motion into, actively.] Reception. -- N. reception; admission, admittance, entree, importation; introduction, intromission; immission[obs3], ingestion, imbibation[obs3], introception[obs3], absorption, ingurgitation[obs3], inhalation; suction, sucking; eating, drinking &c. (food) 298; insertion &c. 300; interjection &c. 228; introit.
	V. give entrance to, give admittance to, give the entree; introduce, intromit; usher, admit, receive, import, bring in, open the door to, throw in, ingest, absorb, imbibe, inhale, breathe in; let in, take in, suck in, draw in; readmit, resorb, reabsorb; snuff up, swallow, ingurgitate[obs3]; engulf, engorge; gulp; eat, drink &c. (food) 298.
	Adj. admitting &c. v., admitted &c. v.; admissable; absorbent.

	#297. [Motion out of, actively] Ejection. -- N. ejection, emission, effusion, rejection, expulsion,exportation, eviction, extrusion, trajection[obs3]; discharge.
	emesis, vomiting, vomition[obs3].
	egestion[obs3], evacuation; ructation[obs3], eructation; bloodletting, venesection[Med], phlebotomy, paracentesis[obs3]; expuition, exspuition; tapping, drainage; clearance, clearage[obs3].
	deportation; banishment &c. (punishment ) 972; rouge's march; relegation, extradition; dislodgment.
	bouncer [U.S.], chucker-out*[obs3].
	[material vomited] vomit, puke, barf[coll].
	V. let out, give out, pour out, squeeze out, send out; dispatch, despatch; exhale, excern[obs1], excrete; emit; give exit, give vent to, belch forth; embogue[obs3]; secrete, secern[obs3]; extravasate[Med], shed, void, evacuate;  open the sluices, open the floodgates; turn on the tap; extrude, detrude[obs3]; effuse, spend, expend; pour forth; squirt, spirt[obs3], spurt, spill, slop; perspire &c. (exude) 295; breathe, blow &c. (wind) 349.
	tap, draw off; bale out, lade out; let blood, broach.
	eject, reject; expel, discard; cut, send to coventry, boycott; chasser[Fr]; banish &c. (punish) 972; show the door to; bounce [U.S.]; fire out *; throw &c. 284 throw out, throw up, throw off, throw away, throw aside; push &c. 276 throw out, throw off, throw away, throw aside; shovel out, shovel away, sweep out, sweep away; brush off, brush away, whisk off, whisk away, turn off, turn away, send off, send away; send adrift, turn adrift, cast adrift; turn out, bundle out; throw overboard; give the sack to; send packing, send about one's business, send to the right about; strike off the roll &c. (abrogate) 756; turn out neck and heels, turn out head and shoulders[obs2], turn out neck and crop; pack off; send away with a flea in the ear; send to Jericho.
	[end employment of a person][trans] terminate, dismiss, fire, discharge, let go.
	turn out of doors, turn out of house and home; evict, oust; unhouse, unkennel; dislodge; unpeople[obs3], dispeople[obs3]; depopulate; relegate, deport.
	empty; drain to the dregs; sweep off; clear off, clear out, clear away; suck, draw off; clean out, make a clean sweep of, clear decks, purge.
	eviscerate, gut, disembowel, embowel[obs3], disbowel[obs3].
	unearth, root out, root up; averuncate[obs1].
	weed out, get out; eliminate, get rid of, do away with, shake off; exenterate[obs3].
	weed, cull, separate &c. 44.
	vomit, throw up, regurgitate, spew, puke, keck[obs3], retch, heave, upchuck, chuck up, barf; belch out; cast up, bring up, be sick, get sick, worship the porcelain god.
	disgorge; expectorate, clear the throat, hack, hawk, spit, sputter, splutter; eructate.
	drool, slobber, drivel, slaver, slabber[obs3].
	unpack, unlade, unload, unship, offload; break bulk; dump.
	be let out.
	spew forth, erupt, ooze &c. (emerge) 295.
	Adj. emitting, emitted, &c. v.
	Int. begone! get you gone! get away, go away, get along, go along, get along with you, go along with you! go your way! away with! off with you! get the hell out of here![vulg.], go about your business! be off! avaunt[obs3]! aroynt[obs3]! allez-vous-en[Fr]! jao[obs3]! va-t'en[Fr]!

<-- R298 Food, and R299 Excretion moved to P2.3.1.3.1 Food,
   and P2.3.2.1 Vitality -->
	#300. [Forcible ingress.] Insertion.
	N. {{has_subtype(interposition, R228, P1.2.2.3.2.5)}} insertion, implantation, introduction; insinuation; planting, &c. v.; injection, inoculation, importation, infusion; forcible ingress &c. 294; immersion; submersion, submergence, dip, plunge; bath &c. (water),  337; interment &c. 363.
	clyster[Med], enema, glyster[obs3], lavage, lavement[obs3].
	V. insert; introduce, intromit; put into, run into; import; inject; interject &c. 298; infuse, instill, inoculate, impregnate, imbue, imbrue.
	graft, ingraft[obs3], bud, plant, implant; dovetail.
	obtrude; thrust in, stick in, ram in, stuff in, tuck in, press, in, drive in, pop in , whip in, drop in, put in; impact; empierce[obs1] &c. (make a hole) 260[obs3].
	imbed; immerse, immerge, merge; bathe, soak &c. (water) 337; dip, plunge &c. 310.
	bury &c. (inter) 363.
	insert &c. itself; plunge in medias res.
	Adj. inserted &c. v.

	#301. [Forcible egress.] Extraction. -- N. extraction; extracting &c. v.; removal, elimination, extrication, eradication, evolution.
	evulsion[obs3], avulsion[obs3]; wrench; expression, squeezing; extirpation, extermination; ejection &c. 297; export &c. (egress) 295.
	extractor, corkscrew, forceps, pliers.
	V. extract, draw; take out, draw out, pull out, tear out, pluck out, pick out, get out; wring from, wrench; extort; root up, weed up, grub up, rake up, root out, weed out, grub out, rake out; eradicate; pull up by the roots, pluck up by the roots; averruncate[obs1]; unroot[obs3]; uproot, pull up, extirpate, dredge.
	remove; educe, elicit; evolve, extricate; eliminate &c. (eject) 297; eviscerate &c. 297.
	express, squeeze out, press out.
	Adj. extracted &c. v.

	#302. [Motion through.] Passage. -- N. passage, transmission; permeation; penetration, interpenetration; transudation, infiltration; endosmose, exosmose[obs3]; endosmosis[Chem]; intercurrence[obs3]; ingress &c. 294; egress &c. 295; path &c. 627; conduit &c. 350; opening &c. 260; journey &c. 266; voyage &c. 267.
	V. pass, pass through; perforate &c. (hole) 260; penetrate, permeate, thread, thrid[obs3], enfilade; go through, go across; go over, pass over; cut across; ford, cross; pass and repass, work; make one's way, thread one's way, worm one's way, force  one's way; make a passage form a passage; cut one's way through; find its way, find its vent; transmit, make way, clear the course; traverse, go over the ground.
	Adj. passing &c. v.; intercurrent[obs3]; endosmosmic[obs3], endosmotic[Chem].
	Adv. en passant &c. (transit) 270[Fr].

	#303. [Motion beyond] Surpassing -- N. surpassing, transcursion[obs1], transiliency[obs3], transgression; trespass; encroachment, infringement; extravagation[obs1], transcendence; redundancy &c. 641.
	V. transgress, surpass, pass; go beyond, go by; show in front, come to the front; shoot ahead of; steal a march upon, steal a gain upon.
	overstep, overpass, overreach, overgo[obs3], override, overleap, overjump[obs3], overskip[obs3], overlap, overshoot the mark; outstrip, outleap, outjump, outgo, outstep[obs3], outrun, outride, outrival, outdo; beat, beat hollow; distance; leave in the lurch, leave in the rear; throw into the shade; exceed, transcend, surmount; soar &c. (rise) 305.
	encroach, trespass, infringe, trench upon, entrench on, intrench on[obs3]; strain; stretch a point, strain a point; cross the Rubicon.
	Adj. surpassing &c. v.
	Adv. beyond the mark, ahead.

	#304. [motion short of]  Shortcoming -- N. shortcoming, failure; falling short &c. v.; default, defalcation; leeway; labor in vain, no go.
	incompleteness &c. 53; imperfection &c. 651; insufficiency &c. 640; noncompletion &c. 730; failure &c. 732.
	V. 303, come short of, fall short of, stop short of, come short , fall short , stop short ; not reach; want; keep within bounds, keep within the mark, keep within the compass.
	break down, stick in the mud, collapse, flat out [U.S.], come to nothing; fall through, fall to the ground; cave in, end in smoke, miss the mark, fail; lose ground; miss stays.
	Adj. unreached; deficient; short, short  of; minus; out of depth; perfunctory &c. (neglect) 460.
	Adv. within the mark, within the compass, within the bounds; behindhand; re infecta[Lat]; to no purpose; for from it.
	Phr. the bubble burst.

	#305. [Motion upwards] Ascent. -- N. ascent, ascension; rising &c. 309; acclivity, hill &c. 217; flight of steps, flight of stairs; ladder
	rocket, lark; sky rocket, sky lark; Alpine Club.
	V. ascend, rise, mount, arise, uprise; go up, get up, work one's way up, start up; shoot up, go into orbit; float up; bubble up; aspire.
	climb, clamber, ramp, scramble, escalade[obs3], surmount; shin, shinny, shinney; scale, scale the heights.
	raise[cause to go up], elevate &c. 307.
	go aloft, fly aloft; tower, soar, take off; spring up, pop up, jump up, catapult upwards, explode upwards; hover, spire, plane, swim, float, surge; leap &c. 309.
	Adj. rising &c. v. scandent[obs1], buoyant; supernatant, superfluitant[obs1]; excelsior.
	Adv. uphill.

	#306. [Motion downwards] Descent. -- N. descent, descension[obs3], declension, declination; fall; falling &c. v.: slump; drop, plunge, plummet, cadence; subsidence, collapse, lapse; downfall, tumble, slip, tilt, trip, lurch; cropper, culbute[obs3]; titubation[obs3], stumble; fate of Icarus.
	avalanche, debacle, landslip, landslide.
	declivity, dip, hill.
	[equipment for descending by rappeling] rappel.
	V. descend; go down, drop down, come down; fall, gravitate, drop, slip, slide, rappel, settle; plunge, plummet, crash; decline, set, sink, droop, come down a peg; slump.
	dismount, alight, light, get down; swoop; stoop &c. 308; fall prostrate, precipitate oneself; let fall &c. 308.
	tumble, trip, stumble, titubate[obs3], lurch, pitch, swag, topple, topple over, tumble over, topple down, tumble down; tilt, sprawl, plump down, come down a cropper.
	Adj. descending &c. v.; descendent; decurrent[obs3], decursive[obs3]; labent[obs3], deciduous; nodding to its fall.
	Adv. downhill, downwards.
	Phr. the bottom fell out.

	#307. Elevation. -- N. elevation; raising &c. v.; erection, lift; sublevation[obs3], upheaval; sublimation, exaltation; prominence &c. (convexity) 250.
	lever &c. 633; crane, derrick, windlass, capstan, winch; dredge, dredger, dredging machine.
	dumbwaiter, elevator, escalator, lift.
	V. heighten, elevate, raise, lift, erect; set up, stick up, perch up, perk up, tilt up; rear, hoist, heave; uplift, upraise, uprear, upbear[obs3], upcast[obs3], uphoist[obs3], upheave; buoy, weigh mount, give a lift; exalt; sublimate; place on a pedestal, set on a pedestal.
	[ref] escalate (increase) 35, 102, 194.
	take up, drag up, fish up; dredge.
	stand up, rise up, get up, jump up; spring to one's feet; hold oneself, hold one's head up; drawn oneself up to his full height.
	Adj. elevated &c. v.; stilted, attollent[obs3], rampant.
	Adv. on stilts, on the shoulders of, on one's legs, on one's hind legs.

	#308. Depression. -- N. lowering &c. v.; depression; dip &c. (concavity) 252; abasement; detrusion[obs3]; reduction.
	overthrow, overset[obs3], overturn; upset; prostration, subversion, precipitation.
	bow; courtesy, curtsy; genuflexion[obs3], genuflection, kowtow, obeisance, salaam.
	V. depress, lower, let down, take down, let down a peg, take down a peg; cast; let drop, let fall; sink, debase, bring low, abase, reduce, detrude[obs3], pitch, precipitate.
	overthrow, overturn, overset[obs3]; upset, subvert, prostate, level, fell; cast down, take down, throw down, fling down, dash down, pull down, cut down, knock down, hew down; raze, raze to the ground, rase to the ground[obs3]; trample in the dust, pull about one's ears.
	sit, sit down; couch, squat, crouch, stoop, bend, bow; courtesy, curtsy; bob, duck, dip, kneel; bend the knee, bow the knee, bend the head, bow the head; cower; recline &c. (be horizontal) 213.
	Adj. depressed &c. v.; at a low ebb; prostrate &c. (horizontal) 213; detrusive[obs3].
	Phr. facinus quos inquinat aequat [Lat][Lucan].

	#309. Leap. -- N. leap, jump, hop, spring, bound, vault, saltation[obs3].
	ance, caper; curvet, caracole; gambade[obs1], gambado[obs1]; capriole, demivolt[obs3]; buck, buck jump; hop skip and jump; falcade[obs3].
	kangaroo, jerboa; chamois, goat, frog, grasshopper, flea; buckjumper[obs3]; wallaby.
	V. leap; jump up, jump over the moon; hop, spring, bound, vault, ramp, cut capers, trip, skip, dance, caper; buck, buck jump; curvet, caracole; foot it, bob, bounce, flounce, start; frisk &c. (amusement) 840; jump about &c. (agitation) 315; trip it on the light fantastic toe, trip the light fantastic, dance oneself off one's legs, dance off one's shoes.
	Adj. leaping &c. v.; saltatory[obs3], frisky.
	Adv. on the light fantastic toe.
	Phr. di salto in salto[It].

	#310. Plunge -- N. plunge, dip, dive, header; ducking &c. v.; diver.
	V. plunge, dip, souse, duck; dive, plump; take a plunge, take a header; make a plunge; bathe &c.(water) 337.
	submerge, submerse; immerse; douse, sink, engulf, send to the bottom.
	get out of one's depth; go to the bottom, go down like a stone, drop like a lead balloon; founder, welter, wallow.

	#311. [Curvilinear motion.] Circuition. -- N. circuition[obs3], circulation; turn, curvet; excursion, circumvention, circumnavigation, circumambulation; northwest passage; circuit &c. 629.
	turning &c. v.; wrench; evolution; coil, corkscrew.
	V. turn, bend, wheel; go about, put about; heel; go round to the right about, turn round to the right about; turn on one's heel; make a circle, make a complete circle, describe a circle, describe a complete circle; go through 180°, go through 360°, pass through 180°, pass through 360°.
	circumnavigate, circumambulate, circumvent; "put a girdle round about the earth" [M.N.D.]; go the round, make the round of.
	wind, circulate, meander; whisk, twirl; twist &c. (convolution) 248; make a detour &c. (circuit) 629.
	Adj. turning &c. v.; circuitous; circumforaneous[obs3], circumfluent[obs3].
	Adv. round about.

<-- [[rotation]]  -->
	#312. [Motion in a continued circle.] Rotation. -- N. rotation, revolution, spinning, gyration, turning about an axis, turning aound an axis, circulation, roll; circumrotation[obs3], circumvolution, circumgyration[obs3]; volutation[obs3], circination[obs1], turbination[obs3], pirouette, convolution.
	verticity[obs1], whir, whirl, eddy, vortex, whirlpool, gurge[obs3]; countercurrent;  Maelstrom, Charybdis; Ixion.
	[rotating air] cyclone; tornado, whirlwind; dust devil.
	[rotation of an automobile] spin-out.
	{{has_conceptual_part}} axis, axis of rotation, swivel, pivot, pivot point.
	{{property_of: rotating object}}.
	[rotation and translation together] helix, helical motion.
	{{has_measure}} angular velocity, revolutions per minute, RPM; revolutions per second.
	{{causes(angular velocity)}} angular momentum.
	{{causes}} centrifugal force; surge; vertigo, dizzy round; coriolus force.
	{{function_of: @P2.3.1.3.12.10, rotator, wheel; rotor; carousel; gear; centrifuge}}.
	[Science of rotary motion] trochilics[obs3].
	V.  rotate; roll along; revolve, spin; turn round; circumvolve[obs3]; circulate, gyre, gyrate, wheel, whirl, twirl, trundle, troll, bowl.
	roll up, furl; wallow, welter; box the compass; spin like a top, spin like a teetotum[obs2].
	[of an automobile] spin out.
	Adj. rotating &c. v.; rotary, rotary; circumrotatory[obs3], trochilic[obs3], vertiginous, gyratory; vortical, vorticose[obs3].
	Adv. head over heels, round and round, like a horse in a mill.

<-- most of this should go under change (make a 146a)... develop not in change section!!
 revolution, evolution .  revolution = change = R146-->
	#313. [Motion in the reverse circle.] Evolution. -- N. evolution, unfolding, development; evolvement; unfoldment; eversion &c. (inversion) 218.
	V. evolve; unfold, unroll, unwind, uncoil, untwist, unfurl, untwine, unravel; untangle, disentangle; develop.
	Adj. evolving &c. v.; evolved &c. v.

	#314. [Reciprocating motion, motion to and fro.] Oscillation. -- N. oscillation; vibration, libration; motion of a pendulum; nutation; undulation; pulsation; pulse.
	alternation; coming and going &c. v.; ebb and flow, flux and reflux, ups and down.
	fluctuation; vacillation &c. (irresolution) 605.
	wave, vibratiuncle[obs3], swing, beat, shake, wag, seesaw, dance, lurch, dodge; logan[obs3], loggan[obs3], rocking-stone, vibroscope[obs3].
	V. oscillate; vibrate, librate[obs3]; alternate, undulate, wave; rock, swing; pulsate, beat; wag, waggle; nod, bob, courtesy, curtsy; tick; play; wamble[obs3], wabble[obs3]; dangle, swag.
	fluctuate, dance, curvet, reel, quake; quiver, quaver; shake, flicker; wriggle; roll, toss, pitch; flounder, stagger, totter; move up and down, bob up and down &c. Adv.; pass and repass, ebb and flow, come and go; vacillate &c. 605; teeter [U.S.].
	brandish, shake, flourish.
	Adj. oscillating &c. v.; oscillatory, undulatory, pulsatory[obs3], libratory, rectilinear; vibratory, vibratile[obs3]; pendulous.
	Adv. to and fro, up and down, backwards and forwards, hither and yon,  seesaw, zigzag, wibble-wabble[obs3], in and out, from side to side, like buckets in a well.

	#315. [Irregular motion] Agitation. -- N. agitation, stir, tremor, shake, ripple, jog, jolt, jar, jerk, shock, succussion[obs3], trepidation, quiver, quaver, dance; jactitation[obs1], quassation[obs1]; shuffling &c. v.; twitter, flicker, flutter.
	turbulence, perturbation.
	disturbance, chaos &c. (disorder) 59; restlessness &c. (changeableness) 149.
	ferment, fermentation; ebullition, effervescence, hurly-burly, cahotage[obs3]; tempest, storm, ground swell, heavy sea, whirlpool, vortex &c. 312; whirlwind &c. (wind) 349.
	V. be agitated &c.; shake; tremble, tremble like an aspen leaf; quiver, quaver, quake, shiver, twitter, twire[obs3], writhe, toss, shuffle, tumble, stagger, bob, reel, sway, wag, waggle; wriggle, wriggle like an eel; dance, stumble, shamble, flounder, totter, flounce, flop, curvet, prance, cavort [U.S.]; squirm.
	throb, pulsate, beat, palpitate, go pitapat; flutter, flitter, flicker, bicker; bustle.
	ferment, effervesce, foam; boil, boil over; bubble up; simmer.
	toss about, jump about; jump like a parched pea; shake like an aspen leaf; shake to its center, shake to its foundations; be the sport of the winds and waves; reel to and fro like a drunken man; move from post to pillar and from pillar to post, drive from post to pillar and from pillar to post, keep between hawk and buzzard.
	agitate, shake, convulse, toss, tumble, bandy, wield, brandish, flap, flourish, whisk, jerk, hitch, jolt; jog, joggle, jostle, buffet, hustle, disturb, stir, shake up, churn, jounce, wallop, whip, vellicate[obs3].
	Adj. shaking &c. v.; agitated tremulous; desultory, subsultory[obs1]; saltatoric[obs3]; quasative[obs3]; shambling; giddy-paced, saltatory[obs3], convulsive, unquiet, restless, all of a twitter.
	Adv. by fits and starts; subsultorily[obs1] &c. adj.; per saltum[Lat]; hop skip and jump; in convulsions, in fits.
	Phr. tempete dans un verre d'eau[Fr].

P2.4.2.5  Change of Shape (R194, R195) {{affected_by(size, P1.2.2.1.1)}} 
P2.4.2.5.1  Expansion  
	#194. Expansion.-- N. expansion; increase &c. 35 of size; enlargement, extension, augmentation; amplification, ampliation[obs3]; aggrandizement, spread, increment, growth, development, pullulation, swell, dilation, rarefaction; turgescence[obs3], turgidness, turgidity; dispansion[obs1]; obesity &c. (size) 192; hydrocephalus, hydrophthalmus[Med]; dropsy, tumefaction, intumescence, swelling, tumor, diastole, distension; puffing, puffiness; inflation; pandiculation[obs3].
	{{affected_by(length, R200)}} lengthening &c. v.; prolongation, production, protraction; tension, tensure[obs3]; extension.
	dilatability, expansibility.
	germination, growth, upgrowth[obs3]; accretion &c. 35; budding, gemmation[obs3].
	overgrowth, overdistension[obs3]; hypertrophy, tympany[obs3].
	bulb &c. (convexity) 250; plumper; superiority of size.
	[expansion of the universe] big bang; Hubble constant.
	V. become larger &c. (large &c. 192); expand,  widen, enlarge, extend, grow, increase, incrassate[obs3], swell, gather; fill out; deploy, take open order, dilate, stretch, distend,  spread; mantle, wax; grow up, spring up; bud, bourgeon[Fr], shoot, sprout, germinate, put forth, vegetate, pullulate, open, burst forth; gain flesh, gather flesh; outgrow; spread like wildfire, overrun.
	be larger than; surpass &c. (be superior) 33.
	render larger &c. (large &c. 192); expand, spread, extend, aggrandize, distend, develop, amplify, spread out, widen, magnify, rarefy, inflate, puff, blow up, stuff, pad, cram; exaggerate; fatten.
	Adj. expanded &c. v.; larger &c. (large &c. 192; swollen; expansive; wide open, wide spread; flabelliform[obs3]; overgrown, exaggerated, bloated, fat, turgid, tumid, hypertrophied, dropsical; pot bellied, swag bellied[obs1]; edematous, oedematous[obs3], obese, puffy, pursy[obs3], blowzy, bigswoln[obs3], distended; patulous; bulbous &c. (convex) 250; full blown, full grown, full formed; big &c. 192; abdominous[obs3], enchymatous[obs3], rhipidate[obs3]; tumefacient[obs3], tumefying[obs3].

P2.4.2.5.2  Contraction  
	#195. Contraction.-- N. {{has_subtype(decrease, R36)}} contraction, reduction, diminution; decrease of size, reduction of size.
	lessening, shrinking, constricting; compaction; tabes[obs3], collapse, tabefaction[obs3], marasmus[obs3], atrophy.
	systole.
	{{has_result}} constriction; smallness, compactness, condensation.
	{{property_of}} neck, hourglass.
	compression, compressing; squeezing &c. v.; strangulation; corrugation; astringency; astringents, sclerotics.
	{{has_obj_requirement}} contractility, compressibility; coarctation[obs3].
	inferiority in size.
	{[of(document)]} {has_result: compendium &c. 596}}.
	V. become small, become smaller; lessen, decrease &c. 36; grow less, dwindle, shrink, contract, narrow, shrivel, collapse, wither, lose flesh, wizen, fall away, waste, wane, ebb; decay &c. (deteriorate) 659.
	be smaller than, fall short of; not come up to &c. (be inferior) 34.
	render smaller, lessen, diminish, contract, draw in, narrow, coarctate[obs3]; boil down; constrict, constringe[obs3]; condense, compress, squeeze, corrugate, crimp, crunch, crush, crumple up, warp, purse up, pack, squeeze, stow; pinch, tighten, strangle; cramp; dwarf, bedwarf[obs3]; shorten &c. 201; circumscribe &c. 229; restrain &c. 751.
	Adj. contracting &c. v.; astringent; shrunk, contracted &c. v.; strangulated, tabid[obs3], wizened, stunted; waning &c. v.; neap, compact.
	unexpanded &c. (expand &c. 194)[obs3]; contractile; compressible; smaller &c. (small &c.193).

<-- this entry is reduction of size by loss of material.
	reduction without loss is at pulverization, 
   [[reduction]][[abrasion]]   -->
P2.4.2.5.3  Reduction 
	N. {{has_subtype(decrease, R36)}} {{has_subtype(subtraction, R38)}} 
reduction, reduction of mass, loss of mass.
	{{has_subtype: @R44, cutting, paring, shaving}}.
	detrition.
	{{needed_for(friction, @R331)}} {{needed_for(rubbing, @R331)}} abrasion.
	emaciation, attenuation, consumption.
	defalcation, decrement.
	{{has_subtype(abrasion)}} filing, rubbing, grinding.
	planing; paring.
	{{uses(grinding): grinding wheel; grater, rasp; file, }}.
	{{forms(detrition)}} detritus.
	{{forms(filing)}} {{property_of(granularity): filings}}.
	V.  reduce, reduce the mass of.
	abrade, rub down, file, file down, wear down, grind, grind down.
	chip, shave, shear, scrape, pare.
	attenuate

P2.5   (Not Used?!) 
	<-- end of PO _____________________________
 -->

P2.6 Interactions of Physical Objects  [[interaction]]
<--   (Physical objects themselves are under PO)
		(simple matter-matter interactions)
-->
	N.  {{has_subtype(event)}} interaction.
	{{has_result}} effect.

P2.5   (Not Used?!) 
	<-- end of PO _____________________________
 -->

P2.6 Interactions of Physical Objects  [[interaction]]
<--   (Physical objects themselves are under PO)
		(simple matter-matter interactions)
-->
	N.  {{has_subtype(event)}} interaction.
	{{has_result}} effect.

P2.6.1 Physical phenomena R331, R332, R335, r336, R382 to R385, R388a 
			R402-R405, R420 -R427
<--
		a. Generally	(331 - 336)	(TE 324 - 326)
		R157a. Physical power. -- N.
				(transferred from sensation-heat:
				(from sensation:
			382.	heat			(TE 327)
			383	cold			(TE 332)
			384	calefaction	(TE 328)
			385	refrigeration)	(TE 333)
	386 furnace, 387 refrigeratory to   P2.3.1.3.16  Powered Machines
		388 fuel to POM processed natural materials
          Thermometer R389 to P2.3.1.3.12.3.2  measuring instruments
		390 - 401 to sensation m6
		406 - 419 to sensation m6
					402 - 405		sound	
		-- parts are duplicated under sensation, sound -
						402.	Sound 403. Silence
						404.	Loudness	405. Faintness 
				420-427 EM radiation (light,etc)
-->

P2.6.1.1  Power (R157a)
<-- power, energy, and force are distinct technical concepts, but are concatenated here.  The "Abstract" entry  "Physical Energy, R171" is a vaguer concept of energy.  This entry is strictly physical. -->
	#157a. Physical power. -- N.   {{has_subtype(power, R157, @A7.3)}} {{caused_by: energy}} {{similar_to: physical energy, R171, @A7.4}}.power, energy; force.
	{{has_subtype(force)}} attraction; repulsion; pressure.
	{{has_subtype(force)}} electrical force; gravitational force; magnetic force; mechanical force.
	{{needed_for(electricity)}} electric power, electrical power, electricity, electrical energy.
	{{needed_for(gravitation)}} water power, hydroelectric power; tidal power.
	{{needed_for(solar light)}} solar power, solar energy.
	{{emits(sun)}} solar light.
	{{needed_for(wind)}} wind power.
	{{needed_for(nuclear fission)}} atomic power, nuclear power, fission power.
	{{needed_for(nuclear fusion)}} thermonuclear power, fusion power.
	vis inertiae[Lat], vis mortua[Lat], vis viva [Latin]; potential energy, dynamic energy; dynamic friction, dynamic suction.
	{{caused_by(mechanical force)}} elasticity, restorative force.
	{{caused_by(electrical force)}} electricity, galvanism, voltaic electricity, voltaism, electromagnetism, voltage drop, voltage, voltage differential.
	{{caused_by(gravitational force)}} height, drop, gravitational differential; gravitational attraction; gravity constant; mass.
	{{has_subtype(force)}} gravity, gravitational force; electrostatic force, voltage; magnetism.
	{{used_in(electric power)}} conductivity.
	{needed_for(fluid)}} hydraulic power, fluid drive; vacuum power; steam power.
	{{contained_in(electric power)}} live circuit, live rail, live wire.
	{{produced_by(electric power)}} cell, electric cell, battery; fuel cell, solar panels.
	{{produced_by(electric power, @R157a)}} cell, electric cell, battery; fuel cell, solar panels.
	Adj.  powered, power.
	{{has_subtype(powered)}} {{required_for(electrical power)}} electrically powered, electrical, electric.
	{{has_subtype(powered)}} steam, steam powered.
P2.6.1.2  Mechanics
	N. mechanics, mechanical phenomena.

P2.6.1.2.1  Friction  (R331)
	#331. Friction. -- N. friction, attrition; rubbing, abrasion, scraping &c. v.; confrication[obs1], detrition, contrition[obs2], affriction[obs3], abrasion, arrosion[obs1], limature[obs1], frication[obs3], rub; elbow grease; rosin; massage; roughness &c. 256.
	rolling friction, sliding friction, starting friction.
	V. rub, scratch, scrape, scrub, slide, fray, rasp, graze, curry, scour, polish, rub out, wear down, gnaw; file, grind &c. (reduce to powder) 330.
	set one's teeth on edge; rosin.
	Adj. anatriptic[obs3]; attrite[obs3].

P2.6.1.2.2  Lubrication  (R332)
	#332. [Absence of friction. Prevention of friction.] Lubrication. -- N. smoothness &c. 255; unctuousness &c. 355.
	lubrication, lubrification[obs3]; anointment; oiling &c. v.
	synovia[Anat]; glycerine, oil, lubricating oil, grease &c. 356; saliva; lather.
	teflon.
	V.  lubricate, lubricitate[obs1]; oil, grease, lather, soap; wax.
	Adj. lubricated &c. v.; lubricous.

<--  These two Roget entries had been under motion, and are moved here.
P2.4.2.3   MOTION CONJOINED WITH FORCE...R276, R277
-->
P2.6.1.2.2  Collision Phenomena [[collision]][[contact]]
	N.  collision phenomenon.
	collision, contact.
	{{&has_result(collision): penetration, P2.6.1.2.2.3}}.
	{{has_result(collision): impulse, R276; recoil, R277}}
	{{has_subtype(contact): @R331, grazing contact, rubbing}}.
	{{has_result(rubbing): abrasion, @P2.4.2.5.3}}.

P2.6.1.2.2.1  Impulse  (R276)
	#276. Impulse. -- N. impulse, impulsion, impetus; momentum; push, pulsion[obs3], thrust, shove, jog, jolt, brunt, booming, boost [U.S.], throw; explosion &c. (violence) 173; propulsion &c. 284.
	collision, percussion, concussion, occursion[obs1], clash, encounter, cannon, carambole[obs3], appulse[obs3], shock, crash, bump; impact; elan; charge &c. (attack) 716; beating &c. (punishment) 972.
	blow, dint, stroke, knock, tap, rap, slap, smack, pat, dab; fillip; slam, bang; hit, whack, thwack; cuff &c. 972; squash, dowse, swap, whap[obs3], punch, thump, pelt, kick, punce[obs1], calcitration[obs3]; ruade[obs3]; arietation[obs1]; cut, thrust, lunge, yerk[obs1]; carom, carrom[obs3], clip *, jab, plug*, sidewinder* [U.S.], sidewipe[obs3], sideswipe [U.S.].
	{{function_of: hammer, @P2.3.1.3.12.6}}.
	{{function_of: flail, ram, @P2.3.1.3.12.6}}.
	{{carried_out_by: pile driver, @P2.3.1.3.17.3}}.
	{{carried_out_by: jack hammer, @P2.3.1.3.17.3}}.
	{{has_metaphor: sledge hammer, pile driver}}.
	[Science of mechanical forces] dynamics.
	{{measured_by: seismometer, accelerometer, earthquake detector, @P2.3.1.3.12.3.1, Measuring instruments generally}}.

	V. give an impetus &c. n.; impel, push; start, give a start to, set going; drive, urge, boom; thrust, prod, foin[Fr]; cant; elbow, shoulder, jostle, justle[obs3], hustle, hurtle, shove, jog, jolt, encounter; run against, bump against, butt against; knock one's head against, run one's head against; impinge; boost [U.S.]; bunt, carom, clip ∙; fan, fan out; jab, plug.
	strike, knock, hit, tap, rap, slap, flap, dab, pat, thump, beat, blow, bang, slam, dash; punch, thwack, whack; hit hard, strike hard; swap, batter, dowse[obs1], baste; pelt, patter, buffet, belabor; fetch one a blow; poke at, pink, lunge, yerk[obs3]; kick, calcitrate[obs3]; butt, strike at &c. (attack) 716; whip &c. (punish) 972.
	come into a collision, enter into collision; collide; sideswipe; foul; fall foul of, run foul of; telescope.
	throw &c. (propel) 284.
	Adj. impelling &c. v.; impulsive, impellent[obs3]; booming; dynamic, dynamical; impelled &c. v.
	Phr. "a hit, a very palpable hit" [Hamlet].

P2.6.1.2.2.2  Recoil  (R277)
	#277. Recoil. -- N. recoil; reaction, retroaction; revulsion; bounce, rebound, ricochet; repercussion, recalcitration[obs3]; kick, contrecoup[Fr]; springing back &c. v.; elasticity &c. 325; reflection, reflexion[Brit], reflex, reflux; reverberation &c. (resonance) 408; rebuff, repulse; return.
	ducks and drakes; boomerang; spring, reactionist[obs3].
	elastic collision, coefficient of restitution.
	V. recoil, react; spring back, fly back, bounce back, bound back; rebound, reverberate, repercuss[obs3], recalcitrate[obs3]; echo, ricochet.
	Adj. recoiling &c. v.; refluent[obs3], repercussive, recalcitrant, reactionary; retroactive.
	Adv. on the rebound, on the recoil &c. n.
	Phr.  for every action there is a reaction equal in force and opposite in direction [Newton].

<-- this meaning of penetration is for two solid objects.  Permeation of a liquid into a solid is elsewhere.  -->
P2.6.1.2.2.3  Penetration   [[puncture]]
	N.  penetration, puncture, perforation, apertion[obs3], transforation[obs3].
	piercing, puncturing, penetrating, perforating; terebration[obs3], empalement[obs3], pertusion[obs1].
	{[in_frame(medicine)]} acupuncture.
	{{&result_of}} jab, thrust, stab; punching; insertion.
	{{function_of: @P2.3.1.3.12.4,  Penetrating Instrument, drill, awl, knife, spear}}.
	V.  puncture, pierce, perforate, penetrate.
	go through, transit.
	prick, stick, inject.
	drill, drill into, drill through.
	jab, thrust, stab.

P2.6.1.3  Heat  (R382)  [[heat]]
	N.  heat, heat-related phenomena.
	#382. Heat. -- N. heat, caloric; temperature, warmth, fervor, calidity[obs3]; incalescence[obs3], incandescence; glow, flush; fever, hectic.
	phlogiston; fire, spark, scintillation, flash, flame, blaze; bonfire; firework, pyrotechnics, pyrotechny[obs3]; wildfire; sheet of fire, lambent flame; devouring element; adiathermancy[obs3]; recalescence[Phys].
	summer, dog days; canicular days[obs3]; baking &c. 384 heat, white heat, tropical heat, Afric heat[obs3], Bengal heat[obs3], summer heat, blood heat; sirocco, simoom; broiling sun; insolation; warming &c. 384.
	sun &c. (luminary) 423.
	[obs3] pyrology[Science of heat]; thermology[obs3], thermotics[obs3], thermodynamics; thermometer &c. 389.
	[thermal units] calorie,  gram-calorie, small calorie; kilocalorie, kilogram calorie, large calorie; British Thermal Unit,  B.T.U.; therm, quad.
	[units of temperature] degrees Kelvin, kelvins, degrees centigrade, degrees Celsius; degrees Fahrenheit.
	V. be hot &c. adj.; glow, flush, sweat, swelter, bask, smoke, reek, stew, simmer, seethe, boil, burn, blister, broil, blaze, flame; smolder; parch, fume, pant.
	heat &c. (make hot) 384; recalesce[obs3]; thaw, give.
	Adj. hot, warm, mild, genial, tepid, lukewarm, unfrozen; thermal, thermic; calorific; fervent, fervid; ardent; aglow.
	sunny, torrid, tropical, estival[obs2], canicular[obs3], steamy; close, sultry, stifling, stuffy, suffocating, oppressive; reeking &c. v.; baking &c. 384.
	red hot, white hot, smoking hot, burning &c. v. hot,  piping hot; like a furnace, like an oven; burning, hot as fire, hot as pepper; hot enough to roast an ox, hot enough to boil an egg.
	fiery; incandescent, incalescent[obs3]; candent[obs3], ebullient, glowing, smoking; live; on fire; dazzling &c. v.; in flames, blazing, in a blaze; alight, afire, ablaze; unquenched, unextinguished[obs3]; smoldering; in a heat, in a glow, in a fever, in a perspiration, in a sweat; sudorific[obs3]; sweltering, sweltered; blood hot, blood warm; warm as a toast, warm as wool.
	volcanic, plutonic, igneous; isothermal[obs2], isothermic[obs2], isotheral[obs2].
	Phr. not a breath of air;," whirlwinds of tempestuous fire " [Paradise Lost].

P2.6.1.3.1  Liquefaction  (R335)
	#335. Liquefaction. -N. liquefaction; liquescence[obs3], liquescency[obs3]; melting &c. (heat) 384; colliquation[obs1], colliquefaction[obs1]; thaw; liquation[obs1], deliquation[obs1], deliquescence; lixiviation[obs3], dissolution.
	solution, apozem[obs3], lixivium[obs3], infusion, flux.
	solvent, menstruum, alkahest[obs3].
	V. render liquid &c. 333; liquefy, run; deliquesce; melt &c. (heat) 384; solve; dissolve, resolve; liquate[obs1]; hold in solution; condense, precipitate, rain.
	Adj. liquefied &c. v., liquescent, liquefiable; deliquescent, soluble, colliquative[obs3].

P2.6.1.3.2  Vaporization  (R336)
	#336. Vaporization. -- N. vaporization, volatilization; gasification, evaporation, vaporation[obs3]; distillation, cupellation[Chem], cohobation, sublimination[obs3], exhalation; volatility.
	vaporizer, still, retort; fumigation, steaming; bay salt, chloride of sodium[obs2].
	mister, spray.
	bubble, effervescence.
	V.  render -gaseous &c. 334; vaporize, volatilize; distill, sublime; evaporate, exhale, smoke, transpire, emit vapor, fume, reek, steam, fumigate; cohobate[obs3]; finestill[obs3].
	bubble, sparge, effervesce, boil.
	Adj. volatilized &c. v.; reeking &c. v.; volatile; evaporable[obs3], vaporizable.
	bubbly, effervescent, boiling.

P2.6.1.3.3  Cold  (R338)
	#383. Cold. -- N. cold, coldness &c. adj.; frigidity, inclemency, fresco.
	winter; depth of winter, hard winter; Siberia, Nova Zembla; wind-chill factor.
	[forms of frozen water] ice; snow, snowflake, snow crystal, snow drift; sleet; hail, hailstone; rime, frost; hoar frost, white frost, hard frost, sharp frost; barf; glaze [U. S.], lolly [obs3][N. Am.]; icicle, thick-ribbed ice; fall of snow, heavy fall; iceberg, icefloe; floe berg; glacier; nevee, serac[obs3]; pruina[obs3].
	[cold substances] freezing mixture, dry ice, liquid nitrogen, liquid helium.
<--  [Sensation of cold]. to sensation M6.1.2.   -->
	V.  be cold &c. adj[intrans.].; shiver, starve, quake, shake, tremble, shudder, didder[obs3], quiver; freeze, freeze to death, perish with cold.
	[transitive] chill, freeze &c. (render cold) 385; horripilate[obs3], make the skin crawl, give one goose flesh.
	Adj. cold, cool; chill, chilly; icy; gelid, frigid, algid[obs3]; fresh, keen, bleak, raw, inclement, bitter, biting, niveous[obs3], cutting, nipping, piercing, pinching; clay-cold; starved &c. (made cold) 385; , chilled to the bone, shivering  &c. v.; aguish, transi de froid[Fr]; frostbitten, frost-bound, frost-nipped.
	cold as a stone, cold as marble, cold as lead, cold as iron, cold as a frog, cold as  charity, cold as Christmas; cool as a cucumber, cool as custard.
	icy, glacial, frosty, freezing, pruinose[obs3], wintry, brumal[obs3], hibernal[obs3], boreal, arctic, Siberian, hyemal[obs3]; hyperborean, hyperboreal[obs3]; ice-bound; frozen out.
	unwarmed[obs3], unthawed[obs3]; lukewarm, tepid; isocheimal[obs3], isocheimenal[obs3], isocheimic[obs3].
	frozen, numb, frost-bitten.
	Adv. coldly, bitterly &c. adj.;  pierre fendre[Fr]; 

<-- Roget heating ihas been  divided into heating and combustion (384a) -->
P2.6.1.3.4  Heating  (R384)
	#384. Heating. Calefaction. -- N. heating, increase of  temperature,  calefaction[obs3], tepefaction[obs3], torrefaction[obs3].
	melting, fusion; liquefaction &c. 335; incension[obs1], accension[obs3]; concremation[obs3], cremation; scorification[obs3]; cautery, cauterization; ustulation[obs3], calcination; cracking, refining; incineration, cineration[obs3]; carbonization; cupellation[Chem].
	boiling, simmering, cooking; coction[obs3], ebullition, estuation[obs3], elixation[obs1], decoction; ebullioscope[obs3]; geyser; distillation (vaporization) 336.
	furnace &c. 386;  blanket, flannel, fur; wadding &c. (lining) 224; clothing &c. 225.
	still; refinery; fractionating column, fractionating tower, cracking tower.
	[biological effects resembling the effects of heat] cauterizer[obs3][substances causing a burning sensation and damage on skin or tissue]; caustic, lunar caustic, alkali, apozem[obs3], moxa[obs3]; acid, aqua fortis[Lat], aqua regia; catheretic[obs3], nitric acid, nitrochloro-hydric acid[ISA:CHEMSUB], nitromuriatic acid[ISA:CHEMSUBPREFIX]; radioactivity, gamma rays, alpha particles, beta rays, X-rays, radiation, cosmic radiation, background radiation, radioactive isotopes, tritium, uranium, plutonium, radon, radium.
	sunstroke, coup de soleil[Fr]; insolation.
	[artifacts requiring heat in their manufacture] pottery, ceramics, crockery, porcelain, china; earthenware, stoneware; pot, mug, terra cotta[Sp], brick, clinker.
	[products of heating organic materials] coke, carbon, charcoal; wood alcohol, turpentine, tea tree oil; gasoline, kerosene, naptha[ISA:CHEMSUB], fuel oil  (fuel) 388; wax, paraffin; residue, tar.
	[Transmission of heat] diathermancy[obs3], transcalency[obs3], conduction; convection; radiation, radiant heat; heat conductivity, conductivity.
	[effects of heat 2.] thermal expansion; coefficient of expansion.
	V. heat, warm, chafe, stive[obs3], foment; make hot &c. 382; sun oneself, sunbathe.
	melt, thaw, fuse; liquefy &c. 335.
	boil, digest, stew, cook, seethe, scald, parboil, simmer; do to rags.
	take fire, catch fire; blaze &c. (flame) 382.
	Adj. heated &c. v.; molten, sodden; rechauffe; heating &c. v.; adust[obs3].

	#384. Combustion
	burning &c. v.; ambustion[obs3], combustion
	ignition, inflammation, adustion[obs3], flagration[obs1]; deflagration, conflagration; empyrosis[obs3], incendiarism; arson; auto dafe[Fr].
	inflammability, combustibility.
	[products of combustion] cinder, ash, scoriae, embers, soot; slag.
	match &c. (fuel) 388; incendiary; petroleuse[Fr];
	V. go up in flames, burn to the ground (flame) 382.
	fire; set fire to, set on fire; kindle, enkindle, light, ignite, strike a light; apply the match to, apply the torch to; rekindle, relume[obs3]; fan the flame, add fuel to the flame; poke the fire, stir the fire, blow the fire; make a bonfire of.
	burn, inflame, roast, toast, fry, grill, singe, parch, bake, torrefy[obs3], scorch; brand, cauterize, sear, burn in; corrode, char, calcine, incinerate; smelt, scorify[obs3]; reduce to ashes; burn to a cinder; commit to the flames, consign to the flames.
	Adj. inflammable, combustible; diathermal[obs3], diathermanous[obs3]; burnt &c. v.; volcanic, radioactive.

P2.6.1.3.5  Refrigeration  (R385)
	#385. Refrigeration. -- N. refrigeration, infrigidation[obs3], reduction of temperature; cooling &c. v.; congelation[obs3], conglaciation[obs1] [obs3]; ice &c. 383; solidification &c. (density) 321; ice box (refrigerator) 385..
	extincteur[Fr]; fire annihilator; amianth[obs3], amianthus[obs3]; earth-flax, mountain-flax; flexible asbestos; fireman, fire brigade (incombustibility) 388a.
	incombustibility, incombustibleness &c. adj[obs3]. (insulation) 388a.
	[residential cooling] air conditioning, central air conditioning; air conditioner; fan, attic fan; dehumidifier.
	V. cool, fan, refrigerate, refresh, ice; congeal, freeze, glaciate; benumb, starve, pinch, chill, petrify, chill to the marrow, regelate[obs3], nip, cut, pierce, bite, make one's teeth chatter,
	damp, slack quench; put out, stamp out; extinguish; go out, burn out (incombustibility) 388a..
	Adj. cooled &c. v.; frozen out; cooling &c. v.; frigorific[obs3].

P2.6.1.3.6  Insulation  (R388a)
	#388a. Insulation, Fire extinction. {ant. of 388} insulation, incombustible material, noncombustible material; fire retardant, flame retardant; fire wall, fire door.
	incombustibility, incombustibleness &c. adj.
	extincteur[Fr]; fire annihilator; amianth[obs3], amianthus[obs3]; earth-flax, mountain-flax; asbestos; fireman, fire fighter, fire eater, fire department, fire brigade, engine company; pumper, fire truck, hook and ladder, aerial ladder, bucket; fire hose, fire hydrant.
	[forest fires] backfire, firebreak, trench; aerial water bombardment.
	wet blanket; fire extinguisher, soda and acid extinguisher, dry chemical extinguisher, CO-two extinguisher, carbon tetrachloride, foam; sprinklers, automatic sprinkler system; fire bucket, sand bucket.
	[warning of fire] fire alarm, evacuation alarm, 
	[laws to prevent fire] fire code, fire regulations, fire; fire inspector; code violation, citation.
	V. go out, die out, burn out; fizzle.
	extinguish; damp, slack, quench, smother; put out, stamp out; douse, snuff, snuff out, blow out.
	fireproof, flameproof.
	Adj. 	incombustible; nonflammable, uninflammable, unflammable[obs3]; fireproof.
	Phr. fight fire with fire

<--%
		(i) SOUND IN GENERAL
%-->
P2.6.1.4  Sound  (R402)
	#402. Sound. -- N. sound, noise, strain; accent, twang, intonation, tone; cadence; sonorousness &c. adj.; audibility; resonance &c. 408; voice &c. 580; aspirate; ideophone[obs3]; rough breathing.
	[Science, of sound] acoustics; phonics, phonetics, phonology, phonography[obs3]; diacoustics[obs3], diaphonics[obs3]; phonetism[obs3].
	V. produce sound; sound, make a noise; give out sound, emit sound; resound &c. 408.
	Adj. sounding; soniferous[obs3]; sonorous, sonorific[obs3]; resonant, audible, distinct; stertorous; phonetic; phonic, phonocamptic[obs3].
	Phr.  "a thousand trills and quivering sounds " [Addison]; forensis strepitus[Lat].

	#403. Silence. -- N. silence; stillness &c. (quiet) 265; peace, hush, lull; muteness &c. 581; solemn silence, awful silence, dead silence, deathlike silence.
	V. be silent &c. adj.; hold one's tongue &c. (not speak) 585.
	render silent &c. adj.; silence, still, hush; stifle, muffle, stop; muzzle, put to silence &c. (render mute) 581.
	Adj. silent; still, stilly; noiseless, soundless; hushed &c. v.; mute &c. 581.
	soft, solemn, awful, deathlike, silent as the grave; inaudible &c. (faint) 405.
	Adv. silently &c. adj.; sub silentio[Lat].
	Int. hush! silence! soft! whist! tush! chut[obs3]! tut! pax[Lat]! be quiet! be silent! be still! shut up![rude]; chup[obs3]! chup rao[obs3]! tace[It]!
	Phr. one might hear a feather drop, one might hear a pin drop, so quiet you could hear a pin drop; grosse Seelen dulden still [German]; le silence est la vertu de ceux qui ne sont pas sages [French]; le silence est le parti le plus sar de celui se defie de soi-meme[French];  "silence more musical than any song " [C. G. Rossetti]; tacent satis laudant[Latin]; better to be silent and thought a fool than to speak up and remove all doubt.

	#404. Loudness.-- N. loudness, power; loud noise, din; blare; clang, clangor; clatter, noise, bombilation[obs3], roar, uproar, racket, hubbub, bobbery[obs3], fracas, charivari[obs3], trumpet blast, flourish of trumpets, fanfare, tintamarre[obs3], peal, swell, blast, larum[obs3], boom; bang (explosion) 406; resonance &c. 408.
	vociferation, hullabaloo, &c. 411; lungs; Stentor.
artillery, cannon; thunder.
	V. be loud &c. adj.; peal, swell, clang, boom, thunder, blare, fulminate, roar; resound &c. 408. speak up, shout &c. (vociferate) 411; bellow &c. (cry as an animal) 412.
	rend the air, rend the skies; fill the air; din in the ear, ring in the ear, thunder in the ear; pierce the ears, split the ears, rend the ears, split the head; deafen, stun; faire le diable a quatre[Fr]; make one's windows shake, rattle the windows; awaken the echoes, startle the echoes; wake the dead.
	Adj. loud, sonorous; high-sounding, big-sounding; deep, full, powerful, noisy, blatant, clangorous, multisonous[obs3]; thundering, deafening &c. v; trumpet-tongued; ear-splitting, ear-rending, ear-deafening; piercing; obstreperous, rackety, uproarious; enough to wake the dead, enough to wake seven sleepers.
	shrill &c. 410 clamorous &c. (vociferous) 411   stentorian, stentorophonic[obs1].
	Adv. loudly &c. adj.   aloud; at the top of one's voice, at the top of one's  lungs, lustily, in full cry.
	Phr. the air rings with; "the deep dread-bolted thunder" [Lear].

	#405. Faintness. -- N. faintness &c. adj.; faint sound, whisper, breath; undertone, underbreath[obs3]; murmur, hum, susurration; tinkle; " still small voice."
	hoarseness &c. adj.; raucity[obs3].
	V. whisper, breathe, murmur, purl, hum, gurgle, ripple, babble, flow; tinkle; mutter &c. (speak imperfectly) 583; susurrate[obs3].
	steal on the ear; melt in the air, float on the air.
	Adj. inaudible; scarcely audible, just audible; low, dull; stifled, muffled; hoarse, husky; gentle, soft, faint; floating; purling, flowing &c. v.; whispered &c. v.; liquid; soothing; dulcet &c. (melodious) 413; susurrant[obs3], susurrous[obs3].
	Adv. in a whisper, with bated breath, sotto voce[Lat], between the teeth, aside; piano, pianissimo; d la sourdine[obs3]; out of earshot inaudibly &c. adj.

<--
					420 - 427
						Electromagnetic radiation
							generally
		wavelength
		propagation
		intensity
		absorption
		refraction, focusing
		reflection
		interference
		collimation
		visible light	(TE 334 - 340)
		420.	Light		421. Darkness
		422. Dimness		423.	Luminary
		424. Shade		425. Transparency
		427. Semitransparency		426. Opacity 
		ultraviolet, uv  		infrared, ir
		xrays		microwave
		gamma rays		radio waves
		magnetism
		Subatomic physics
		astronomy, cosmology
		mechanics		(TE 346)
					Applied physics, technology 
						meteorology
						TE 347  tools
						TE 348  automation
						TE 342  electronics
-->
P2.6.1.5  Light  (R420)
	#420. Light.-- N. light, ray, beam, stream, gleam, streak, pencil; sunbeam, moonbeam; aurora.
	day; sunshine; light of day, light of heaven; moonlight, starlight, sun &c. (luminary) 432 light; daylight, broad daylight, noontide light; noontide, noonday, noonday sun.
	glow &c. v.; glimmering &c. v.; glint; play of light, flood of light; phosphorescence, lambent flame.
	flush, halo, glory, nimbus, aureola.
	spark, scintilla; facula; sparkling &c. v.; emication[obs1], scintillation, flash, blaze, coruscation, fulguration[obs3]; flame &c. (fire) 382; lightning, levin[obs3], ignis fatuus[Lat], &c. (luminary) 423.
	luster, sheen, shimmer, reflexion[Brit], reflection; gloss, tinsel, spangle, brightness, brilliancy, splendor; effulgence, refulgence; fulgor[obs3], fulgidity[obs3]; dazzlement[obs3], resplendence, transplendency[obs3]; luminousness &c. adj.; luminosity; lucidity; renitency[obs1], nitency[obs3]; radiance,, radiation; irradiation, illumination.
	actinic rays, actinism; Roentgen-ray, X-ray; photography,  heliography; photometer &c. 445.
	[Science of light] optics; photology[obs3], photometry; dioptrics[obs3], catoptrics[obs3].
	[Distribution of light] chiaroscuro, clairobscur[obs3], clear obscure, breadth, light and shade, black and white, tonality.
	reflection, refraction, dispersion; refractivity.
	V. shine, glow, glitter; glister, glisten; twinkle, gleam; flare, flare up; glare, beam, shimmer, glimmer, flicker, sparkle, scintillate, coruscate, flash, blaze; be bright &c. adj.; reflect light, daze, dazzle, bedazzle, radiate, shoot out beams; fulgurate.
	clear up, brighten.
	lighten, enlighten; levin[obs3]; light, light up; irradiate, shine upon; give out a light, hang out a light; cast light upon, cast light in, throw light upon, throw light in,  shed light upon, shed luster upon; illume[obs3],  illumine, illuminate; relume[obs3], strike a light; kindle &c. (set fire to) 384.
	Adj. shining &c. v.; luminous, luminiferous[obs3]; lucid, lucent, luculent[obs3], lucific[obs3; mist &c. (cloud) 353.
	[opalescent jewel] opal.
	turbidity &c. 426a.
	Adj. semitransparent, translucent, semipellucid[obs3], semidiaphanous[obs3], semiopacous[obs3], semiopaque; opalescent, opaline[obs3]; pearly, milky; frosted, nacreous.
	V. opalesce.

	#421. Darkness. -- N. darkness &c. adj., absence of light; blackness &c. (dark color) 431; obscurity, gloom, murk; dusk &c. (dimness) 422.
	Cimmerian darkness[obs3], Stygian darkness, Egyptian darkness; night; midnight; dead of night, witching hour of night, witching time of night; blind man's holiday; darkness visible, darkness  that can be felt; palpable obscure; Erebus[Lat]; "the jaws of darkness " [Midsummer Night's Dream]; "sable-vested night " [Milton].
	shade, shadow, umbra, penumbra; sciagraphy[obs3].
	obscuration; occultation, adumbration, obumbration[obs3]; obtenebration[obs3], offuscation[obs1], caligation[obs1]; extinction; eclipse, total eclipse; gathering of the clouds.
	shading; distribution of shade; chiaroscuro &c. (light) 420.
	noctivagation[obs3].
	[perfectly black objects] black body; hohlraum[Phys]; black hole; dark star; dark matter, cold dark matter.
	V. be dark &c. adj.
	darken, obscure, shade; dim; tone down, lower; overcast, overshadow; eclipse; obfuscate, offuscate[obs1]; obumbrate[obs3], adumbrate; cast into the shade becloud, bedim[obs3], bedarken[obs3]; cast a shade, throw  a shade, spread a shade, cast a shadow, cast a gloom, throw a shadow, spread a shadow, cast gloom, throw gloom, spread gloom.
	extinguish; put out, blow out, snuff out; doubt.
	turn out the lights, douse the lights, dim the lights, turn off the lights, switch off the lights.
	Adj. dark, darksome[obs3], darkling; obscure, tenebrious[obs3], sombrous[obs3], pitch dark, pitchy, pitch black; caliginous[obs3]; black &c. (in color) 431.
	sunless, lightless &c. (see sun[obs3], light, &c. 423); somber, dusky; unilluminated &c. (see illuminate &c. 420)[obs3]; nocturnal; dingy, lurid, gloomy; murky, murksome[obs3]; shady, umbrageous; overcast &c. (dim) 422; cloudy &c. (opaque) 426; darkened; &c. v.
	dark as pitch, dark as a pit, dark as Erebus[Lat].
	benighted; noctivagant[obs2], noctivagous[obs2].
	Adv. in the dark, in the shade.
	Phr. " brief as the lightning in the collied night " [M. N. D.]; " eldest Night and Chaos, ancestors of Nature " [P. L.]; " the blackness of the noonday night " [Longfellow]; " the prayer of Ajax was for light " [Longfellow].

	#422. Dimness. -- N. dimness &c. adj.; darkness &c. 421; paleness &c. (light color) 429.
	half light, demi-jour; partial shadow, partial eclipse; shadow of a shade; glimmer, gliming[obs3]; nebulosity; cloud &c. 353; eclipse.
	aurora, dusk, twilight, shades of evening, crepuscule, cockshut time[obs1]; break of day, daybreak, dawn.
	moonlight, moonbeam, moonglade[obs3], moonshine; starlight, owl's light, candlelight, rushlight, firelight; farthing candle.
	V. be dim, grow dim &c. adj.; flicker, twinkle, glimmer; loom, lower; fade; pale, pale its ineffectual fire [Hamlet].
	render dim &c. adj.; dim, bedim[obs3], obscure; darken, tone down.
	Adj. dim, dull, lackluster, dingy, darkish, shorn of its beams, dark 421.
	faint, shadowed forth; glassy; cloudy; misty &c. (opaque) 426; blear; muggy[obs2], fuliginous[obs3]; nebulous, nebular; obnubilated[obs3], overcast, crepuscular, muddy, lurid, leaden, dun, dirty; looming &c. v.
	pale &c. (colorless) 429;  confused &c. (invisible) 447.

<-- [[lamp]]  -->
	#423. [Source of light, self-luminous body.] Luminary. -- N. luminary; light &c. 420; flame &c. (fire) 382.
spark, scintilla; phosphorescence, fluorescence.
	sun, orb of day, Phoebus, Apollo[obs3], Aurora; star, orb; meteor, falling star, shooting star; blazing star, dog star, Sirius; canicula, Aldebaran[obs3]; constellation, galaxy; zodiacal light; anthelion[obs3]; day star, morning star; Lucifer; mock sun, parhelion; phosphor, phosphorus; sun dog[obs2]; Venus.
	aurora, polar lights; northern lights, aurora borealis; southern lights, aurora australis.
	lightning; chain lightning, fork lightning, sheet lightning, summer lightning; ball lightning, kugelblitz [German];
	{{ISA:chemsub}}  phosphorus[/COM:chemical substances giving off light without burning/], yellow phosphorus; scintillator, phosphor; firefly luminescence.
	ignis fatuus[Lat]; Jack o'lantern, Friar's lantern; will-o'-the-wisp, firedrake[obs3], Fata Morgana[Lat]; Saint Elmo's fire.
	[luminous insects] glowworm, firefly, June bug, lightning bug.
	[luminous fish] anglerfish.
	[Artificial light] gas; gas light, lime light,  lantern, lanthorn[obs3]; dark lantern, bull's-eye; candle, bougie[Fr], taper, rushlight; oil &c. (grease) 356; wick, burner; Argand[obs3], moderator, duplex; torch, flambeau, link, brand; gaselier[obs3], chandelier, electrolier[obs3], candelabrum, candelabra, girandole[obs3], sconce, luster, candlestick.
	[non-combustion based light sources] lamp, light; incandescent lamp, tungsten bulb, light bulb; flashlight, torch[Brit]; arc light ;laser; maser [microwave radiation]; neon bulb, neon sign; fluorescent lamp.
	{SUBPART(light bulb)} filament; socket; contacts.
	firework, fizgig[obs3]; pyrotechnics; rocket, lighthouse &c. (signal) 550.
	V. illuminate &c. (light) 420.
	Adj. self-luminous, glowing; phosphoric[obs2], phosphorescent, fluorescent; incandescent; luminescent, chemiluminescent; radiant &c. (light) 420.
	Phr. " blossomed the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the angels " [Longfellow]; " the sentinel stars set their watch in the sky " [Campbell]; " the planets in their station list'ning stood " [Paradise Lost]; " the Scriptures of the skies " [Bailey]; " that orbed continent, the fire that severs day from night " [Twelfth Night].

	#424. Shade. -- N. shade; awning &c. (cover) 223; parasol, sunshade, umbrella; chick; portiere; screen, curtain, shutter, blind, gauze, veil, chador, mantle, mask; cloud, mist, gathering. of clouds.
	umbrage, glade; shadow &c. 421.
	beach umbrella, folding umbrella.
	V. draw a curtain; put up a shutter, close a shutter; veil &c. v.; cast a shadow &c. (darken) 421.
	Adj. shady, umbrageous.
	Phr. " welcome ye shades! ye bowery thickets hail " [Thomson].

	#425. Transparency. -- N. transparence, transparency; clarity; translucence, translucency; diaphaneity[obs3]; lucidity, pellucidity[obs3], limpidity; fluorescence; transillumination, translumination[obs3]. transparent medium, glass, crystal, lymph, vitrite[obs3], water.
	V. be transparent &c. adj.; transmit light.
	Adj. transparent, pellucid, lucid, diaphanous, translucent, tralucent[obs1], relucent[obs3]; limpid, clear, serene, crystalline, clear as crystal, vitreous, transpicuous[obs3], glassy, hyaline; hyaloid[Med], vitreform[obs3].

	#426. Opacity.-- N. opacity; opaqueness &c. adj.
film; cloud &c. 353.
	V. be opaque &c. adj.; obstruct the passage of light; obfuscate, offuscate[obs1].
	Adj. opaque, impervious to light; adiaphanous[obs3]; dim &c. 422; turbid, thick, muddy, opacous[obs1], obfuscated, fuliginous[obs3],  cloud, hazy, misty, foggy, vaporous, nubiferous[obs3], muggy[obs2] (turbidity) 426a.
	smoky, fumid[obs3], murky, dirty.

	#426a. Turbidity -- N. turbidity, cloudiness, fog, haze, muddiness, haziness, obscurity.
	[instrument to measure turbidity] nephelometer.
	Adj. turbid, thick, muddy, obfuscated, fuliginous[obs3], hazy, misty, foggy, vaporous, nubiferous[obs3]; cloudy (cloud) 353.
	smoky, fumid[obs3], murky, dirty.

	#427. Semitransparency. -- N. semitransparency, translucency, semiopacity; opalescence, milkiness, pearliness[obs3]; gauze, muslin; film; mica, mother-of-pearl, nacre; mist &c. (cloud) 353.
	[opalescent jewel] opal.
	turbidity &c. 426a.
	Adj. semitransparent, translucent, semipellucid[obs3], semidiaphanous[obs3], semiopacous[obs3], semiopaque; opalescent, opaline[obs3]; pearly, milky; frosted, nacreous.
	V. opalesce.
<--  [[gravity]] -->
P2.6.1.6  Gravity   (R319, R320)
<-- break gravity into gravitation (force) and heaviness (mass) -->
	#319. Gravity. -- N. gravity, gravitation, graviataiopnal attraction, gravitational force.
	weight; heaviness &c. adj.; specific gravity; pondorosity[obs3], pressure, load; burden, burthen[obs3]; ballast, counterpoise; lump of, mass of, weight of.
	lead, millstone, mountain, Ossa on Pelion.
	weighing, ponderation[obs3], trutination[obs1]; weights; avoirdupois weight, troy weight, apothecaries' weight; grain, scruple, drachma[obs3], ounce, pound, lb, arroba[obs3], load, stone, hundredweight, cwt, ton, long ton, metric ton, quintal, carat, pennyweight, tod[obs3].
	{{has_units(weight/mass)}} [metric units of weight] gram, centigram, milligram, microgram, kilogram; nanogram, picogram, femtogram, attogram.
	{{measured_by(weight/mass): scale, balance, @P2.3.1.3.12.11}}.
	[Science of gravity] statics.
	V. be heavy &c. adj.; gravitate, weigh, press, cumber, load.
	[Measure the weight of] weigh, poise.
	Adj. weighty; weighing &c. v.; heavy as lead; ponderous, ponderable; lumpish[obs3], lumpy, cumbersome, burdensome; cumbrous, unwieldy, massive.
	incumbent, superincumbent[obs3].

	#320. Levity. -- N. levity; lightness &c.  adj.; imponderability, buoyancy, volatility.
	feather, dust, mote, down, thistle, down, flue, cobweb, gossamer, straw, cork, bubble, balloon; float, buoy; ether, air.
	leaven, ferment, barm[obs3], yeast.
	lighter-than-air balloon, helium balloon, hydrogen balloon, hot air balloon.
	convection, thermal draft, thermal.
	V. be light &c. adj.; float, rise, swim, be buoyed up.
	render light &c. adj.; lighten, leaven.
	Adj. light, subtile, airy; imponderous[obs3], imponderable; astatic[obs3], weightless, ethereal, sublimated; gossamery; suberose[obs3], suberous[obs3]; uncompressed, volatile; buoyant, floating &c. v.; portable.
	light as a feather, light as a thistle, light as air; lighter than air; rise like a balloon, float like a balloon

P2.6.1.7  Subatomic Phenomena
	N. subatomic phenomenon.
	radioactivity; nuclear fission; nuclear fusion.
	{{has_subtype(force)}} strong interaction; weak interaction.
	{{has_property(nucleus)}} chemical shift, nuclear magnetic resonance.

P2.6.2 Chemical phenomena   [[Chemistry]]
	chemical phenomena.
	{{studied_in}} chemistry.
	{{has_subtype(matter)}} chemical, chemical substance, substance, compound.
	chemical reaction, reaction.
	{{has_subtype(chemical substance): materials, R635, P2.1.3}}.
	chemical property, property.
	{{has_subtype(chemical substance) inorganic chemical; organic chemical.

P2.6.3 Biochemistry
P2.6.4 Biology   [[biology]]
	(excludes animate objects & vitality generally)

 	<-- categories from prospective volition cf. ends, goals 
		(subservience).  Retain non-health aspects in volition
   e.g. created 659a damage for the concept of damage generally -->
				health	654 health		655  disease
						656 salubrity		657 insalubrity
						658 improvement	659 deterioration
				therapy   660 restoration	661 relapse
						662 remedy		663 bane
<-- PO parts of remedy, bane to POPHARM and POTOX, POMEDTOOL, PODIAGINST,
		POMTHERINST   -->
				cooking  TE 329 (ref. POCOOK)

P2.6.4.1  Properties of living things R441 to R443, R163, R166, R167
    R654, R656, R657, R658, R663
<--   (include nutrition, excretion, growth, metabolism )
		(most of perception and sensation are placed in
     			  M.4 cognition and M.5 mind-matter interactions)
			properties of living entities (cf. perception )
				441. Vision
				442. Blindness
				443. Dim-sightedness 
		163.	Reproduction, Genetics
		166.	Paternity				167. Posterity
		 654 -663  health, bane, recovery 
-->
	#441. Vision. - N. vision, sight, optics, eyesight.
	view, look, espial[obs3], glance, gander, ken, coup d'oeil[Fr]; glimpse,  glint, peep.
	gaze, stare, leer.
	perlustration[obs3], contemplation; conspection[obs1], conspectuity[obs1]; regard, survey;introspection; reconnaissance, speculation, watch, espionage, espionnage[Fr], autopsy; ocular inspection, ocular  demonstration; sight-seeing.
	point of view; gazebo, loophole, belvedere, watchtower.
	field of view; theater, amphitheater, arena, vista, horizon; commanding view, bird's eye view; periscope.
	visual organ, organ of vision; eye; naked eye, unassisted eye; retina, pupil, iris, cornea, white; optics, orbs; saucer eyes, goggle eyes, gooseberry eyes.
	short sight &c. 443; clear sight, sharp sight, quick sight, eagle sight, piercing sight, penetrating sight,  clear glance, sharp glance, quick glance, eagle glance, piercing glance, penetrating glance, clear eye, sharp eye, quick eye, eagle eye, piercing eye, penetrating eye; perspicacity, discernment; catopsis[obs3].
	eagle, hawk; cat, lynx; Argus[obs3].
	evil eye; basilisk, cockatrice [Mythical].
	V. see, behold, discern, perceive, have in sight, descry, sight, make out, discover, distinguish, recognize, spy, espy, ken; get a sight of, have a sight of, catch a sight of, get a glimpse of, have a glimpse of, catch a glimpse of; command a view of; witness, contemplate, speculate; cast the eyes on, set the eyes on; be a spectator &c. 444 of; look on &c. (be present) 186; see sights &c. (curiosity) 455.
	see at a glance &c. (intelligence) 498.
	look, view, eye; lift up the eyes, open one's eye; look at, look on, look upon, look over, look about one, look round; survey, scan, inspect; run the eye over, run the eye through; reconnoiter, glance round.
	take a look at, take a gander at, direct the eyes to, turn the eyes on, glance at, cast a glance at, glance on, turn one's looks upon, bend one's looks upon.
	observe &c. (attend to) 457; watch &c. (care) 459; see with one's own eyes; watch for &c. (expect) 507; peep, peer, pry, take a peep; play at bopeep[obs3].
	look full in the face, look hard at, look  intently; strain one's eyes; fix the eyes upon, rivet the eyes upon; stare, gaze; pore over, gloat on; leer, ogle, glare; goggle; cock the eye, squint, gloat, look askance.
	Adj. seeing &c. v.; visual, ocular; optic, optical; ophthalmic.
	clear-eyesighted &c. n.; eagle-eyed, hawk-eyed, lynx-eyed, keen-eyed, Argus-eyed.
	visible &c. 446.
	Adv. visibly &c. 446; in sight of, with one's eyes open 	at sight, at first sight, at a glance, at the first blush; prima facie[Lat].
	Int. look! &c. (attention) 457.
	Phr. the scales falling from one's eyes; " an eye like Mars to threaten or command " [Hamlet];  " her eyes are homes of silent prayer " [Tennyson]; " looking before and after " [Hamlet]; "thy rapt soul sitting in thine eyes " [Milton].

	#442. Blindness. - N. blindness, cecity[obs3], excecation[obs1], amaurosis[obs3], cataract, ablepsy[obs1], ablepsia[obs3], prestriction[obs1]; dim-sightedness &c. 443;  Braille, Braille-type; gutta-serena  (" drop serene "), noctograph[obs3], teichopsia[obs3].
	V. be blind &c. adj.; not see; lose sight of; have the eyes bandaged; grope in the dark.
	not look; close the eyes, shut the eyes-, turn away the eyes, avert the eyes; look another way; wink &c. (limited vision) 443; shut the eyes to, be blind to,  wink at, blink at.
	render blind &c. adj.; blind, blindfold; hoodwink, dazzle, put one's eyes out; throw dust into one's eyes, pull the wool over one's eyes; jeter de la poudre aux yeux[Fr]; screen from sight &c. (hide) 528.
	Adj. blind; eyeless, sightless, visionless; dark; stone-blind, sand-blind, stark-blind; undiscerning[obs3]; dimsighted &c. 443.
	blind as a bat, blind as a buzzard, blind as a beetle, blind as a mole, blind as an owl; wall-eyed.
	blinded &c. v.
	Adv. blindly, blindfold, blindfolded; darkly.
	Phr. " O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon" [Milton].

	#443. [Imperfect vision.] Dimsightedness. [Fallacies of vision.] -- N. dim sight, dull sight half sight,  short sight, near sight, long sight, double sight, astigmatic sight, failing sight; dimsightedness &c.; purblindness, lippitude[obs3]; myopia, presbyopia[obs3]; confusion of vision; astigmatism; color blindness, chromato-pseudo-blepsis[obs3], Daltonism; nyctalopia[obs3]; strabismus, strabism[obs3], squint; blearedness[obs3], day blindness, hemeralopia[obs3], nystagmus; xanthocyanopia[obs3], xanthopsia[Med]; cast in the eye, swivel eye, goggle-eyes; obliquity of vision.
	winking &c. v.; nictitation; blinkard[obs3], albino.
	dizziness, swimming, scotomy[obs3]; cataract; ophthalmia.
	[Limitation of vision] blinker; screen &c. (hider) 530.
	[Fallacies of vision] deceptio visus[Lat]; refraction, distortion, illusion, false light, anamorphosis[obs3], virtual image, spectrum, mirage, looming, phasma[obs1]; phantasm, phantasma[obs3], phantom; vision; specter, apparition, ghost; ignis fatuus &c. (luminary) 423 specter of the Brocken magic mirror[Lat]; magic lantern &c. (show) 448; mirror lens &c. (instrument) 445.
	V. be dimsighted &c. n.; see double; have a mote in the eye, have a mist before the eyes, have a film over the eyes; see through a prism, see through a glass darkly; wink, blink, nictitate; squint; look askant[obs3], askant askance[obs3]; screw up the eyes, glare, glower; nictate[obs3].
	dazzle, loom.
	Adj. dim-sighted &c. n.; myopic, presbyopic[obs3]; astigmatic moon-eyed, mope-eyed, blear-eyed, goggle-eyed, gooseberry-eyed, one-eyed; blind of one eye, monoculous[obs3]; half-blind, purblind; cock-eyed, dim-eyed, mole-eyed; dichroic.
	blind as a bat &c. (blind) 442; winking &c. v.

	#163. Reproduction.-- N. reproduction, renovation; restoration &c. 660; renewal; new edition, reprint, revival, regeneration, palingenesis[obs3], revivification; apotheosis; resuscitation, reanimation, resurrection, reappearance; regrowth; Phoenix.
	generation &c. (production) 161; multiplication.
	V. reproduce; restore &c. 660; revive, renovate, renew, regenerate, revivify, resuscitate, reanimate; remake, refashion, stir the embers, put into the crucible; multiply, repeat; resurge[obs3].
	crop up, spring up like mushrooms.
	Adj. reproduced &c. v.; renascent, reappearing; reproductive; suigenetic[obs3].

	#166. Paternity.-- N. paternity; parentage; consanguinity &c. 11.
	parent; father, sire, dad, papa, paterfamilias, abba[obs3]; genitor, progenitor, procreator; ancestor; grandsire[obs3], grandfather; great-grandfather; fathership[obs3], fatherhood; mabap[obs3].
	house, stem, trunk, tree, stock, stirps, pedigree, lineage, line, family, tribe, sept, race, clan; genealogy, descent, extraction, birth, ancestry; forefathers, forbears, patriarchs.
	motherhood, maternity; mother, dam, mamma, materfamilias[Lat], grandmother.
	Adj. paternal, parental; maternal; family, ancestral, linear, patriarchal.
	Phr. avi numerantur avorum[Lat]; "happy he with such a mother" [Tennyson]; hombre bueno no le busquen abolengo[Sp][obs3]; philosophia stemma non inspicit [Lat][Seneca].

	#167. Posterity.-- N. posterity, progeny, breed, issue, offspring, brood, litter, seed, farrow, spawn, spat; family, grandchildren, heirs; great-grandchild.
	{{has_property}} inheritance, legacy.
	{{performed_by(posterity): descendant; child, son, daughter, P2.3.2.3.2.4.21}}.
	straight descent, sonship[obs3], line, lineage, filiation[obs3], primogeniture.
	
	Adj. filial; diphyletic[obs3].
	Phr. "the child is father of the man" [Wordsworth]; "the fruit doesn't fall far from the tree", "like father, like son".

<-- 654 -663  health, illness, remedy, bane recovery  -->
	#654. Health. -- N. health, sanity; soundness &c. adj.; vigor; good health, perfect health, excellent health, rude health, robust health;  bloom. mens sana in corpore sano[Lat]; Hygeia[obs3]; incorruption, incorruptibility; good state of health, clean bill of health; eupepsia[obs3]; euphoria, euphory[obs3]; St. Anthony's fire[obs3].
	V. be in health &c. adj. bloom, flourish.
	keep body and soul together, keep on one's legs; enjoy good health, enjoy a good state of health; have a clean bill of health.
	return to health; recover &c. 660; get better &c. (improve) 658; take a new lease of life, fresh lease of life; recruit; restore to health; cure &c. (restore) 660; tinker.
	Adj. healthy, healthful; in health &c. n.; well, sound, hearty, hale, fresh, green, whole; florid, flush, hardy, stanch, staunch, brave, robust, vigorous, weatherproof.
	unscathed, uninjured, unmaimed[obs3], unmarred, untainted; sound of wind and limb, safe and sound.
	on one's legs; sound as a roach, sound as a bell; fresh as a daisy, fresh as a rose, fresh as April[obs3]; hearty as a buck; in fine feather, in high feather; in good case, in full bloom; pretty bobbish[obs3], tolerably well, as well as can be expected.
	sanitary &c. (health-giving) 656; sanatory &c. (remedial) 662[obs3].
	Phr. " health that snuffs the morning air" [Grainger]; non est vivere sed valere vita [Lat][Martial].

<-- 655 disease to pathology  -->

	#656. Salubrity. -- N. salubrity; healthiness &c. Adj.
fine air, fine climate; eudiometer[obs3].
	 hygiene[Preservation of health]; valetudinarian, valetudinarianism; sanitarian; sanitarium, sanitOrium.
	V. be salubrious &c. Adj.; agree with; assimilate &c. 23.
	Adj. salubrious, salutary, salutiferous[obs3]; wholesome; healthy, healthful; sanitary, prophYlactic, benign, bracing, tonic, invigorating, good for, nutritious; hygeian[obs3], hygienic.
	innoxious[obs3], innocuous, innocent; harmless, uninjurious, uninfectious.
	sanative &c. (remedial) 662; restorative &c. (reinstate) 660; useful &c. 644.

	#657. Insalubrity. -- N. insalubrity; unhealthiness &c. Adj.; nonnaturals[obs3]; plague spot; malaria &c. (poison) 663; death in the pot, contagion; toxicity.
	Adj. insalubrious; unhealthy, unwholesome; noxious, noisome; morbific[obs3], morbiferous[obs3]; mephitic, septic, azotic[obs3], deleterious; pestilent, pestiferous, pestilential; virulent, venomous, envenomed; poisonous, toxic, toxiferous[obs3], teratogenic; narcotic.
	contagious, infectious, catching, taking, epidemic, zymotic[obs3]; epizootic.
	innutritious[obs3], indigestible, ungenial; uncongenial &c. (disagreeing) 24.
	deadly &c. (killing) 361.

<-- divide bane into hurt, generally and
   poisonous substances to PO  -->
	#663. Bane. -- N. bane, curse; evil &c. 619; hurtfulness &c. (badness) 649[obs3]; painfulness &c. (cause of pain) 830; scourge &c. (punishment) 975; damnosa hereditas[Lat]; white elephant.
	sting, fang, thorn, tang, bramble, brier, nettle.
	poison, toxin; teratogen.
	[poisonous substances, examples] leaven, virus, venom; arsenic;  antimony, tartar emetic; strychnine, nicotine; miasma, miasm[obs3], mephitis[obs3], malaria, azote[obs3], sewer gas; pest; Albany hemp, arsenious oxide, arsenious  acid; bichloride of mercury; carbonic acid, carbonic  gas; choke damp, corrosive sublimate, fire damp; hydrocyanic acid, cyanide, Prussic acid[ISA:chemsubcfp], hydrogen cyanide; marsh gas, nux vomica[Lat], ratsbane[obs3].
	[poisonous plants] hemlock, hellebore, nightshade, belladonna, henbane, aconite; banewort[obs3], bhang, ganja[obs3], hashish; Upas tree.
	[list of poisonous substances] Toxline.
	rust, worm, helminth[Med], moth, moth and rust, fungus, mildew; dry rot; canker, cankerworm; cancer; torpedo; viper &c. (evil doer) 913; demon &c. 980.
	[Science of poisons] toxicology.
	Adj. baneful &c. (bad) 649; poisonous &c. (unwholesome) 657.
	phr. bibere venenum in auro[Lat].

P2.6.4.2  genetics
P2.6.4.3			evolution
P2.6.4.4			nutrition, eating                TE 306, 307
P2.6.4.5  anatomy
P2.6.4.6  physiology
P2.6.4.7  Veterinary medicine
P2.6.4.8  human Medicine
  P2.6.4.8.1  diagnosis
  P2.6.4.8.2  pathology  R655, R659, R658, R661
	#655. Disease. -- N. disease; illness, sickness &c. adj.; ailing &c. "all the ills that flesh is heir to " [Hamlet];  morbidity, morbosity[obs1]; infirmity, ailment, indisposition; complaint, disorder, malady; distemper, distemperature[obs3].
	visitation, attack, seizure, stroke, fit.
	delicacy, loss of health, invalidation, cachexy[obs3]; cachexia[Med], atrophy, marasmus[obs3]; indigestion, dyspepsia; decay &c. (deterioration) 659; decline, consumption, palsy, paralysis, prostration.
	taint, pollution, infection, sepsis, septicity[obs3], infestation; epidemic, pandemic, endemic, epizootic; murrain, plague, pestilence,  pox.
	sore, ulcer, abscess, fester, boil; pimple, wen &c. (swelling) 250; carbuncle, gathering, imposthume[obs3], peccant humor, issue; rot, canker, cold sore, fever sore; cancer, carcinoma, leukemia, neoplastic disease, malignancy, tumor; caries, mortification, corruption, gangrene, sphacelus[obs3], sphacelation[obs3], leprosy; eruption, rash, breaking out.
	fever, temperature, calenture[obs3]; inflammation.
	ague, angina pectoris[Lat], appendicitis; Asiatic cholera[obs3], spasmodic cholera; biliary calculus, kidney stone, black death, bubonic plague, pneumonic plague; blennorrhagia[obs3], blennorrhoea[obs3]; blood poisoning, bloodstroke[obs3], bloody flux, brash; breakbone fever[obs3], dengue fever, malarial fever, Q-fever; heart attack, cardiac arrest, cardiomyopathy[Med]; hardening of the arteries, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis; bronchocele[Med], canker rash, cardialgia[Med], carditis[Med], endocarditis[Med]; cholera, asphyxia; chlorosis, chorea, cynanche[obs3], dartre[Fr]; enanthem[obs3], enanthema[obs3]; erysipelas; exanthem[obs3], exanthema; gallstone, goiter, gonorrhea, green sickness; grip, grippe, influenza, flu; hay fever, heartburn, heaves, rupture, hernia, hemorrhoids,  piles, herpes, itch, king's evil, lockjaw; measles, mumps[obs3], polio; necrosis, pertussis, phthisis[obs3], pneumonia, psora[obs3], pyaemia[obs3], pyrosis[Med], quinsy, rachitis[obs3], ringworm, rubeola, St. Vitus's dance, scabies, scarlatina, scarlet fever, scrofula, seasickness, struma[obs3], syntexis[obs3], tetanus, tetter[obs3], tonsillitis, tonsilitis[obs3], tracheocele[Med], trachoma, trismus[Med], varicella[Med], varicosis[Med], variola[Med], water qualm, whooping cough; yellow fever, yellow jack.
	fatal disease &c. (hopeless) 859; dangerous illness, galloping consumption, churchyard cough; general breaking up, break up of the system.
	[Disease of mind: idiocy &c. 499; insanity &c. 503].
	martyr to disease; cripple; " the halt the lame and the blind"; valetudinary[obs3], valetudinarian; invalid, patient, case; sickroom, sick-chamber.
	{{studied_in}} pathology, etiology, nosology[obs3].
	[Veterinary] anthrax, bighead; blackleg, blackquarter[obs3]; cattle plague, glanders[obs3], mange, scrapie, milk sickness; heartworm, feline leukemia, roundworms; quarter-evil, quarter-ill; rinderpest.
	[disease-causing agents] virus, bacterium, bacteria.
	[types of viruses] DNA virus; RNA virus.
	{ISA:RNA virus} rhabdovirus, picornavirus.
	{ISA:DNA virus} herpesvirus; cytomegalovirus, CMV.
	V. be ill &c. adj.; ail, suffer, labor under, be affected with, complain of, have; droop, flag, languish, halt; sicken, peak, pine; gasp.
	keep one's bed; feign sickness &c. (falsehood) 544.
	lay by, lay up; take a disease, catch a disease &c. n., catch an infection; break out.
	Adj. diseased; ailing &c. v.; ill, ill of; taken ill, seized with; indisposed, unwell, sick, squeamish, poorly, seedy; affected with illness, afflicted with illness; laid up, confined, bedridden, invalided, in hospital, on the sick list; out of health, out of sorts; under the weather [U. S.]; valetudinary[obs3].
	unsound, unhealthy; sickly, morbid, morbose[obs3], healthless[obs3], infirm, chlorotic[Med], unbraced[obs3]. drooping, flagging, lame, crippled, halting.
	morbid, tainted, vitiated, peccant, contaminated, poisoned, tabid[obs3], mangy, leprous, cankered; rotten, rotten to the core, rotten at the core; withered, palsied, paralytic;dyspeptic; luetic[obs3], pneumonic, pulmonic[Med], phthisic[obs3], rachitic; syntectic[obs3], syntectical[obs3]; tabetic[obs3], varicose.
	touched in the wind, broken-winded, spavined, gasping; hors de combat &c. (useless) 645[Fr].
	weakly, weakened &c. (weak) 160; decrepit; decayed &c. (deteriorated) 659; incurable &c. (hopeless) 859; in declining health; cranky; in a bad way, in danger, prostrate; moribund &c. (death) 360.
	morbific &c. 657[obs3]; epidemic, endemic; zymotic[obs3].

<-- this part of R659, deterioration deals specifically with biology.
  The general concept of deterioration (part of the original 659) is contained in ENDS under R659a, damage (@volition)  -->
	#659. Deterioration. -- N. degeneracy, degeneration, degenerateness; degradation; devolution.
	[ref: R659a Damage @M7.2.2.2  (Degree of Subservience to ends)].
	delaceration[obs1], outrage, havoc, inroad, ravage, scath[obs3].
	depravation, depravement; depravity &c. 945; demoralization, retrogression; masochism.
	poisoning, venenation[obs1], canker.
	decadence, decadency[obs3]; falling off &c. v.; caducity[obs3], decrepitude.
	aphid, Aphis, plant louse, puceron[obs3]; vinefretter[obs3], vinegrub[obs3].
	wreck, mere wreck, honeycomb, magni nominis umbra[Lat]; jade, plug, rackabones [obs3][U. S.], skate [U. S.]; tackey[obs3], tacky [U. S.].
	V.  be worse, be  deteriorated, become worse, become  deteriorated &c. adj.; have seen better days, deteriorate, degenerate, fall off; wane &c. (decrease) 36; ebb; decline, droop; go down &c. (sink) 306; go downhill, go from bad to worse, go farther and fare worse; jump out of the frying pan into the fire.
	[ref] regress &c. (relapse) 661.
	retrograde &c. 283.
	run to seed, go to seed, run to waste; swoon, swale[obs1], sweal[obs1]; lapse, be the worse for; sphacelate: break[obs3], break down; spring a leak, crack, start; shrivel &c. (contract) 195; fade, go off, wither, molder, rot, rankle, decay, go bad; go to decay, fall into decay; " fall into the sear and yellow leaf", rust, crumble, shake; totter, totter to its fall; perish &c. 162; die &c. 360.
	[Render less good] deteriorate; weaken &c. 160; put back, set back; taint, infect, contaminate, poison, empoison[obs3], envenom, canker, corrupt, exulcerate[obs1], pollute, vitiate, inquinate[obs1]; debase, embase[obs1]; denaturalize, denature, leaven; deflower, debauch, defile, deprave, degrade; ulcerate.
	stain &c. (dirt) 653.
	discolor; alloy, adulterate, sophisticate, tamper with, prejudice.
	pervert, prostitute, demoralize, brutalize; render vicious &c. 945.
	embitter, acerbate, exacerbate, aggravate.
	injure, impair, labefy[obs3], damage, harm, hurt, shend[obs1], scath[obs1], scathe, spoil, mar, despoil, dilapidate, waste; overrun; ravage; pillage &c. 791.
	wound, stab, pierce, maim, lame, surbate[obs1], cripple, hough[obs3], hamstring, hit between wind and water, scotch, mangle, mutilate, disfigure; blemish, deface, warp.
	blight, rot; corrode, erode; wear away, wear out; gnaw, gnaw at the root of; sap, mine, undermine, shake, sap the foundations of, break up; disorganize, dismantle, dismast; destroy &c. 162.
	damnify &c. (aggrieve) 649[obs3]; do one's worst; knock down; deal a blow to; play havoc with, play sad havoc with, play the mischief with, play the deuce with, play the very devil with, play havoc among, play sad havoc among, play the mischief among, play the deuce among, play the very devil among; decimate.
	Adj. unimproved &c. (improve &c. 658); deteriorated &c. v.; altered, altered for the worse; injured &c. v.; sprung; withering, spoiling &c. v.; on the wane, on the decline; tabid[obs3]; degenerate; marescent[obs3]; worse; the worse for, all the worse for; out of repair, out of tune; imperfect &c. 651; the worse for wear; battered; weathered, weather-beaten; stale, passe, shaken, dilapidated, frayed, faded, wilted, shabby, secondhand, threadbare; worn, worn to a thread, worn to  a shadow, worn to  the stump, worn to rags; reduced, reduced to a skeleton; far gone; tacky [U. S.*].
	decayed &c. v.; moth-eaten, worm-eaten; mildewed, rusty, moldy, spotted, seedy, time-worn, moss-grown; discolored; effete, wasted, crumbling, moldering, rotten, cankered, blighted, tainted; depraved &c. (vicious) 945; decrepid[obs3], decrepit; broke, busted, broken, out of commission, hors de combat[Fr], out of action, broken down; done, done for, done up; worn out, used up, finished; beyond saving, fit for the dust hole, fit for the wastepaper basket, past work &c. (useless) 645.
	at a low ebb, in a bad way, on one's last legs; undermined, deciduous; nodding to its fall &c. (destruction) 162; tottering &c,. (dangerous) 665: past cure &c. (hopeless) 859; fatigued &c. 688; retrograde &c. (retrogressive) 283; deleterious &c. 649.
	Phr. out of the frying pan into the fire; agrescit medendo[Latin]; "what a falling off was there! " [Hamlet].

	#661. Relapse. -- N. relapse, lapse; falling back &c. v.; retrogradation &c. (retrogression) 283[obs3]; deterioration &c. 659.
	 backsliding[Return to, or recurrence of a bad state], recidivation [obs1]; recidivism, recidivity[obs3]; recrudescence.
	V. relapse, regress, lapse; fall back, slide back, sink back; return; retrograde &c. 283; recidivate; fall off again &c. 659 .

<-- inprovement could also be listed as a goal of therapy, but since it
   can occur spontaneously, i.e. withour treatment, it will be listed here 
   as part of pathology.  This relates to inprovement only as regards health.  The general concept of improvement is broken out into an entry 
 R658a and moved to ENDS at volition, subservience -->
	#658. Healing. -- N.  healing, restoration to health.
	{partial healing} improvement, amelioration.
	cultivation, civilization; culture, march of intellect; menticulture[obs3]; race-culture, eugenics.
	V. improve; be better, become better, get better; heal, mend, amend.
	advance &c. (progress) 282; ascend &c. 305; increase &c. 35; fructify, ripen, mature; pick up, come about, rally, take a favorable turn; turn over a new leaf, turn the corner; raise one's head, sow one's wild oats; recover &c. 660.
	be better &c. adj., be improved by; turn to right account, turn to good account, turn to best account; profit by, reap the benefit of; make good use of, make capital out of; place to good account.
	render better, improve, mend, amend, better; ameliorate, meliorate; correct; decrassify[obs3].
	improve upon, refine upon; rectify; enrich, mellow, elaborate, fatten.
	promote, cultivate, advance, forward, enhance; bring forward, bring on; foster &c. 707; invigorate &c. (strengthen) 159.
	touch up, rub up, brush up, furbish up, bolster up, vamp up, brighten up, warm up; polish, cook, make the most of, set off to advantage; prune; repair &c. (restore) 660; put in order &c. (arrange) 60.
	review, revise; make corrections, make improvements &c. n.; doctor &c. (remedy) 662; purify &c. 652.
	relieve, refresh, infuse new blood into, recruit.
	reform, remodel, reorganize; new model.
	view in a new light, think better of, appeal from Philip drunk to Philip sober.
	palliate, mitigate; lessen an evil &c. 36 .
	Adj. improving &c. v.; progressive, improved &c. v.; better, better off, better for; all the better for; better advised.
	reformatory, emendatory[obs3]; reparatory &c. (restorative) 660[obs3]; remedial &c. 662.
	corrigible, improvable; accultural[obs3].
	adv. on consideration, on reconsideration, on second thoughts, on better advice; ad melius inquirendum[Lat].
	phr. urbent latericiam invenit marmoream reliquit[Lat].

  P2.6.4.8.3  therapy
    P2.6.4.8.3.1  therapy generally  R660, R662
<-- remedy; distinguish general term from medicine?  medicine .. to be greatly expanded -->
	#662. Remedy. -- N. remedy, help, cure, redress; medicine, medicament; diagnosis, medical examination; medical treatment; surgery; preventive medicine.
	[medical devices] clinical thermometer, stethoscope, X-ray machine.
	anthelmintic[Med]; antidote, antifebrile[Med], antipoison[obs3], counterpoison[obs3], antitoxin, antispasmodic; bracer, faith cure, placebo; helminthagogue[obs3], lithagogue[obs3], pick-me-up, stimulant, tonic; vermifuge,  prophylactic, corrective, restorative; sedative &c. 174; palliative; febrifuge; alterant[obs3], alterative; specific;  antiseptic, emetic, analgesic, pain-killer, antitussive[Med], antiinflammatory[Med], antibiotic, antiviral[Med], antifungal[Med], carminative; Nepenthe, Mithridate.
	cure, treatment, regimen; radical cure, perfect cure, certain cure; sovereign remedy.
	examination, diagnosis, diagnostics; analysis, urinalysis, biopsy, radiology.
	medicine, physic, Galenicals[obs3], simples, drug, pharmaceutical, prescription,  potion, draught, dose, pill, bolus, injection, infusion, drip, suppository, electuary[obs3]; linctus[obs3], lincture[obs3]; medicament; pharmacon[obs3].
	nostrum, receipt, recipe, prescription; catholicon[obs3], panacea, elixir, elixir vitae, philosopher's stone; balm, balsam, cordial, theriac[obs3], ptisan[obs3].
	agueweed[obs3], arnica, benzoin, bitartrate of potash, boneset[obs3], calomel, catnip, cinchona, cream of tartar, Epsom salts[Chem]; feverroot[obs3], feverwort; friar's balsam, Indian sage; ipecac, ipecacuanha; jonquil, mercurous chloride, Peruvian bark; quinine, quinquina[obs3]; sassafras, yarrow.
	salve, ointment, cerate, oil, lenitive, lotion, cosmetic; plaster; epithem[obs3], embrocation[obs3], liniment, cataplasm[obs3], sinapism[obs3], arquebusade[obs3], traumatic, vulnerary, pepastic[obs3], poultice, collyrium[obs3], depilatory; emplastrum[obs3]; eyewater[obs3], vesicant, vesicatory[Med].
	compress, pledget[obs3]; bandage &c. (support) 215.
	treatment, medical treatment, regimen; dietary, dietetics; vis medicatrix[obs3], vis medicatrix naturae[Lat][obs3]; medecine expectante[Fr]; bloodletting, bleeding, venesection[Med], phlebotomy, cupping, sanguisae, leeches; operation, surgical operation; transfusion, infusion, intravenous infusion, catheter, feeding tube; 
	prevention, preventative medicine, immunization, inoculation, vaccination, vaccine, shot, booster, gamma globulin.
	pharmacy, pharmacology, pharmaceutics; pharmacopoeia, formulary; acology[obs3], Materia Medica[Lat], therapeutics, posology[obs3]; homeopathy, allopathy[obs3], heteropathy[Med], osteopathy, hydropathy[Med]; cold water cure; dietetics; surgery, chirurgery[Med], chirurgy[obs3]; healing art, leechcraft[obs3]; 
	orthopedics, orthopedy[obs3], orthopraxy[obs3];  pediatrics; dentistry, midwifery, obstetrics, gynecology; tocology[obs3];  sarcology[obs3].
	hospital, infirmary; pesthouse[obs3], lazarhouse[obs3]; lazaretto; lock hospital; maison de sante[Fr]; ambulance.
	 dispensary; dispensatory[obs3], drug store, pharmacy, apothecary, druggist, chemist.
	Hotel des Invalides; sanatorium, spa, pump room, well; hospice; Red Cross.
	[ref: person who practises medicine = P2.3.2.3.2.3.4  medical practitionER]
	V. apply a remedy &c. n.; doctor, dose, physic, nurse, minister to, attend, dress the wounds, plaster; drain; prevent &c. 706; relieve &c. 834; palliate &c. 658; restore &c. 660; drench with physic; bleed, cup, let blood; manicure.
	set [bones].
	operate, excise, cut out; incise.
	suture, sew up.
	Adj. remedial; restorative &c. 660; corrective, palliative, healing; sanatory[obs3], sanative; prophylactic, preventative, immunizing; salutiferous &c. (salutary) 656[obs3]; medical, medicinal; therapeutic, chirurgical[Med], epulotic[obs1], paregoric, tonic, corroborant, analeptic[obs3], balsamic, anodyne, hypnotic, neurotic, narcotic, sedative, lenitive, demulcent[obs1], emollient; depuratory[obs3]; detersive[obs3], detergent; abstersive[obs3], disinfectant, febrifugal[obs3], alterative; traumatic, vulnerary.
	allopathic[obs3], heteropathic[obs3], homeopathic, hydropathic[Med]; anthelmintic[Med]; antifebrile[Med], antiluetic[obs3]; aperient[obs3], chalybeate[obs3], deobstruent[obs3], depurative[obs3], laxative, roborant[obs3].
	dietetic, alimentary; nutritious, nutritive; peptic; alexipharmic[obs3], alexiteric[obs3]; remediable, curable.
	phr. aux grands maux les grands remedes[Fr]; Dios que da la llaga da la medicina[Sp]; para todo hay remedio sino para la muerte[Sp]; temporis ars medicina fere est [Lat][Ovid]; " the remedy is worse than the disease " [Dryden]; " throw physic to the dogs, I'll none of it " [Macbeth].

	#660. Restoration. -- N. restoration, restoral; recovery, recuperation; reinstatement, replacement, rehabilitation, reestablishment, reconstitution, reconstruction; renovation, renewal; revival, revivessence[obs3], reviviscence[obs3]; refreshment &c. 689; resuscitation, reanimation, revivification, reviction[obs1]; Phenix; reorganization.
	renaissance, second youth, rejuvenescence[obs3],. new birth; regeneration, regeneracy[obs3], regenerateness[obs3]; palingenesis[obs3], reconversion.
	redress, retrieval, reclamation; convalescence; resumption, resumption; sanativeness[obs3].
recurrence &c. (repetition) 104; rechauffe[Fr], rifacimento[It].
	healing &c. v.; redintegration[obs3]; rectification; instauration[obs3].
	[ref: remedy 662] cure, recure[obs1], sanation[obs1].
	repair, reparation, remanufacture; recruiting &c. v.; cicatrization; disinfection; tinkering.
	reaction; redemption &c. (deliverance) 672; restitution &c. 790; relief &c. 834.
	[ref] reproduction &c. 163.
	tinker, cobbler; vis medicatrix &c. (remedy) 662[obs3]. curableness.
	V. return to the original state; recover, rally, revive; come come to, come round, come to oneself; pull through, weather the storm, be oneself again; get  well,get round, get  the better of, get  over, get  about; rise from one's ashes, rise from the grave; survive &c. (outlive) 110; resume, reappear; come to, come to life again; live again, rise again.
	heal, skin over, cicatrize; right itself.
	restore, put back, place in statu quo[Lat]; reinstate, replace, reseat, rehabilitate, reestablish, reestate[obs3], reinstall.
	reconstruct, rebuild, reorganize, reconstitute; reconvert; renew, renovate; regenerate; rejuvenate.
	redeem, reclaim, recover, retrieve; rescue &c. (deliver) 672.
	redress, recure[obs3]; cure, heal, remedy, doctor, physic, medicate; break of; bring round, set on one's legs.
	resuscitate, revive, reanimate, revivify, recall to life; reproduce &c. 163; warm up; reinvigorate, refresh &c. 689.
	make whole, redintegrate[obs3]; recoup &c. 790; make good, make  all square; rectify, correct;  put right, put to rights, set right, set to rights, set straight; set up; put in order &c. (arrange) 60; refit, recruit; fill up, fill up the ranks; reinforce.
	repair; put in repair, remanufacture, put in thorough repair, put in complete repair; retouch, refashion, botch[obs1], vamp, tinker, cobble; do up, patch up, touch up, plaster up, vamp up; darn, finedraw[obs3], heelpiece[obs3]; stop a gap, stanch, staunch, caulk, calk, careen, splice, bind up wounds.
	Adj. restored &c. v.; redivivus[Lat], convalescent; in a fair way; none the worse; rejuvenated.
	restoring &c. v.; restorative, recuperative; sanative, reparative, sanatory[obs3], reparatory[obs3]; curative, remedial.
	restorable, recoverable, sanable[obs3], remediable, retrievable, curable.
	Adv. in statu quo[Lat]; as you were.
phr. revenons a nos moutons[Fr]; medecin[Fr], gueris-toi toi-meme[Fr]; vestigia nulla retrorsum [Lat][Horace].

P2.6.4.8.3.2  surgery
P2.6.4.8.3.3  pharmaceuticals, medicaments
P2.6.4.8.3.4  therapeutic exercise
P2.6.4.8.4  preventive medicine and preventive measures

P2.6.4.9  Applied biology, biotechnology
		biochemical engineering
		fermentation technology
		brewing
P2.7 Complex Interactions of Physical Objects                [[phenomena]]
			(generally, frames and scripts not directly referring
                    to human actions & excluding natural phenomena in P2.5)
P2.7.1 Phenomena generally  R872
	#872. Prodigy. -- N. prodigy, phenomenon; wonder, wonderment; marvel, miracle; monster &c. (unconformity) 83; curiosity, lion, sight, spectacle; jeu de theatre[Fr], coup de theatre; gazingstock[obs3]; sign; St. Elmo's fire, St. Elmo's light; portent &c. 512.
	bursting of a shell, bursting of a bomb; volcanic eruption, peal of thunder; thunder-clap, thunder-bolt.
	what no words can paint; wonders of the world; annus mirabilis[Lat]; dignus vindice nodus[Lat].
	Phr. natura il fece e poi roppe la stampa [Ital.].

P2.7.2 Natural Phenomena  (naive observations)
			(includes weather)  [[weather]]
	N.  natural phenomenon, phenomenon of nature.

P2.7.2.1   Weather
	N.  {{location_of(atmosphere, @R338)}} weather, weather phenomenon.
	{{conceptual_part_of}} climate.
	good weather, fair weather, fine weather, clear weather, sunny weather, sunshine.
	bad weather, rainy weather; dropping weather, falling weather.
	{{studied_in}} meteorology, climatology; pneumatics.
	precipitation.
	cloudy weather.
	foggy weather.
	windy weather, blustery weather
	hot weather, heat wave, hot spell.
	humid weather, oppressive humidity.
	{{has_subtype(precipitation)}}  dew.
	thaw, thawing, melting.
	cold weather, icy weather.
	{{has_high_intensity(cold weather)}} icy weather, freezing weather, subzero temperature.
	{{co-occurs_with(cold weather): winter}}.
	{{co-occurs_with(hot weather): summer}}.
	Adj.  meteorological; weatherwise[obs3].
	{{has_property(good weather)}} clear.

P2.7.2.1.1  Cloud
	N. {{has_subtype(cloud, R353a)}} {{constitutes(water, R337)}} cloud.
	scud, messenger, rack, nimbus; cumulus, woolpack[obs3], cirrus; stratus; cirrostratus, cumulostratus; cirrocumulus; mackerel sky, mare's tale, dirty sky; curl cloud; frost smoke; thunderhead.
	fog, mist, cloud.

P2.7.2.1.2  Rain
	N. {{has_subtype(precipitation, @P2.7.2.1}} {{has_subtype(liquid}} rain, rainfall.
	{{has_large_quantity}} downpour; driving rain, drenching rain, cloudburst; hyetology[obs3], hyetography[obs3]; predominance of Aquarius[obs3], reign of St. Swithin.
	{{has_low_intensity}} drizzle, mizzle[obs3], stillicidum[obs3], plash[obs2].
	mist, serein[obs3].
	{{has_small_quantity}} shower, scud; soft day[Irish].
	{{has_large_quantity}} northeaster; hurricane; typhoon.
	Phr.  raining cats and dogs.

P2.7.2.1.3  Snow
	N. {{has_subtype(precipitation, @P2.7.2.1}} {{has_subtype(solid}} snow.
	hail.
	sleet; slush.

P2.7.2.1.4  Wind
	#349. [Air in motion] Wind.
	N.. {{constitutes(air, P2.3.1.1.5.2)}} {{property_of(motion)}} wind, draught.
	breath, breath of air; puff, whiff, zephyr; blow, breeze, drift; aura.
	stream, current, jet stream; undercurrent.
	gust, blast, squall, gale, half a gale, storm, tempest, hurricane, whirlwind, tornado, samiel, cyclone, anticyclone, typhoon; simoon[obs3], simoom; harmattan[obs3], monsoon, trade wind, sirocco, mistral, bise[obs3], tramontane, levanter; capful of wind; fresh breeze, stiff breeze; keen blast; blizzard, barber [Can.], candelia[obs3], chinook, foehn, khamsin[obs3], norther, vendaval[obs3], wuther[obs3].
	windiness &c.adj.; ventosity[obs1]; rough weather, dirty weather, ugly weather, stress of weather; dirty sky, mare's tail; thick squall, black squall, white squall.
	anemography[obs3], aerodynamics; wind gauge, weathercock, vane, weather-vane, wind sock; anemometer, anemoscope[obs3].
	sufflation[obs3], insufflation[obs3], perflation[obs3], inflation, afflation[obs3]; blowing, fanning &c. v.; ventilation.
	sneezing &c. v.: errhine[obs3]; sternutative[obs3], sternutatory[obs3]; sternutation; hiccup, hiccough; catching of the breath.
	Eolus, Boreas, Zephyr, cave of Eolus.
	air pump, air blower, lungs, bellows, blowpipe, fan, ventilator, punkah[obs3]; branchiae[obs3], gills, flabellum[obs3], vertilabrum[obs3].
	whiffle ball.
	flatus, afflatus, efflation[obs3], eluvium[obs3].
	V. blow, waft; blow hard, blow great guns, blow a hurricane &c. n.; wuther[obs3]; stream, issue.
	respire, breathe, puff; whiff, whiffle; gasp, wheeze; snuff, snuffle; sniff, sniffle; sneeze, cough.
	fan, ventilate; inflate, perflate[obs1]; blow up.
	Adj. blowing &c. v.; windy, flatulent; breezy, gusty, squally; stormy, tempestuous, blustering; boisterous &c. (violent) 173.
	pulmonic[Med], pulmonary.
	Phr. "lull'd by soft zephyrs" [Pope]; "the storm is up and all is on the hazard" [Julius Caesar]; "the winds were wither'd in the stagnant air" [Byron]; "while mocking winds  are piping loud" [Milton]; "winged with red lightning and tempestuous rage" [Paradise Lost].

P2.7.2.1.5  Barometric Pressure
	N. air pressure, barometric pressure.
	{{has_part(weather map)}} {{has_representation(air pressure)}} {{has_subtype(line)}} isobar.
	rise and fall of the barometer.

P2.7.2.1.6  Humidity
	humidity, humectation[obs3].
	madefaction[obs1], dew.
	{{measured_by(humidity)}} hygrometry; hygrometer.

P2.7.2.2.  Earthquake

P2.7.2.3  Volcano

P2.7.2.4  Geyser
<--	---------------------------------------------------------

 =======================================================================
                 M = Mental Universe 
 =======================================================================
-->
M.  Mental Phenomena
<--      (I.) FORMATION OF IDEAS...	450-515
		I Intellect in general  450 - 452
			Intellect
				general  450
				animal
					instinct 452
				human 451, 452
				computer
		453, 454 to M3 mental objects
-->
<-- note that in Roget the mind is considered to be the object which has emotions, as well as the object which thinks.  The distinction between thought and affections is not absolute; however, for this hierarchy, we consider the mind as a more general phenomenon (possessed by some animals) and leave intellect to be the reasoning faculty.  This is a materialistic hierarchy, where the brain (natural or artificial) is a necessary substrate for the mind.  Spirits are treated elsewhere.
	As a partisan of AI, I anticipate the existence of true artificial intelligence.  -->
M1  Mind  (R450 to R452)
	mind, cognitive faculty.
	{{has_property}} consciousness.
	{{part_of: brain}}.
	{{part_of}} sentient being.
	{{has_expression(self)}} {{has_subtype(subjective reality)}} personality, individuality.
	self, I, myself, me; ego.
	{{has_plural(I)}} we; us.
	other, another, someone else, somebody else.
	{{has_subtype(someone else)}} you, thou, thee; he; she; it.
	{{has_plural(he/she/it)}} they.
	{{has_plural(someone else)}} others.
	{{has_plural(you)}} you; youse[slang]; you all, y'all[dialect].
	{{has_subtype: person, R372a, @P2.3.2.3.1.1}}.
	{{has_subtype: artificial intellect; robot}}.
	actor, agent, causal agent; mover, motive agent.

M1.1 Intellect
 	#450. Intellect. -- N. {{property_of(sensibility, R822)}} {{property_of(excitibility, R825)}} intellect, reason, wit, thinking principle, cogitative faculties; discursive faculties, reasoning faculties, intellectual faculties, higher faculties.
	{{has_function}} understanding; reasoning.
	{{property_of}} rationality; intellectuality.
	perception, faculties, senses, consciousness, observation, percipience, intelligence, intellection, association of ideas, conception, judgment, wits, parts, capacity, intellectuality, genius; brains, cognitive powers, intellectual powers; wit &c. 498; ability &c. (skill) 698; wisdom &c. 498; Vernunft[Ger], Verstand[Ger].
	soul, spirit, ghost, inner man, heart, breast, bosom, penetralia mentis[Lat], divina particula aurae[Lat], heart's core; the Absolute, psyche, subliminal consciousness, supreme principle.
	brain, organ of thought, seat of thought; sensorium[obs3], sensory; head, headpiece; pate, noddle[obs3], noggin, skull, scull, pericranium[Med], cerebrum, cranium, brainpan[obs3], sconce, upper story.
	[in computers] central processing unit, CPU; arithmetic and logical unit, ALU.
	[Science of mind] metaphysics; psychics, psychology; ideology; mental philosophy, moral philosophy; philosophy of the mind; pneumatology[obs3], phrenology; craniology[Med], cranioscopy[Med].
	ideality, idealism; transcendentalism, spiritualism; immateriality &c. 317; universal concept, universal  conception.
	metaphysician, psychologist &c.
	V. note, notice, mark; take notice of, take cognizance of be aware of, be conscious of;  realize; appreciate; ruminate &c. (think) 451; fancy &c. (imagine) 515.
	Adj. [Relating to intellect] intellectual, mental, rational, subjective, metaphysical, nooscopic[obs3], spiritual; ghostly; psychical[obs3], psychological; cerebral; animastic[obs3]; brainy; hyperphysical[obs3], superphysical[obs3]; subconscious, subliminal.
	immaterial &c. 317; endowed with reason.
	Adv. in petto.
	Phr. ens rationis [Lat]; frons est animi janua [Lat][Cicero]; locos y ninos dicen la verdad [Sp]; mens sola loco non exulat [Lat][Ovid]; " my mind is my kingdom " [Campbell]; " stern men with empires in their brains " [Lowell]; " the mind, the music breathing from her face " [Byron]; " thou living ray of intellectual Fire " [Falconer].

<-- differentiate between instinct and intuition.  Intuition is reserved for people.  -->
M1.2  Absence of Intellect (R450a)
	#450a. Absence or want of Intellect.-- N. absence of intellect, want of intellect &c. 450; imbecility &c. 499.: brutality, brute force.
	instinct, brute instinct,  stimulus-response loop, conditioned response, instinctive reaction, Pavlovian response.
	mimicry, aping (imitation) 19.
	moron, imbecile, idiot; fool &c. 501; dumb animal; vegetable, brain-dead.
	Adj. unendowed with reason, void of reason; thoughtless; vegetative; moronic, idiotic, brainless [all pejorative].
	Adv.  instinctively, like Pavlov's dog; vegetatively.
	V. mimic, ape (imitate) 19; respond instinctively.

M1.3  Incogitancy  (R452)
	#452. [Absence or want of thought.] Incogitancy. -- N. incogitancy[obs3], vacancy, inunderstanding[obs3]; fatuity &c. 499; thoughtlessness &c. (inattention) 458; vacuity.
	couch potato, vegetable.
	V. not think &c. 451; not think of; dismiss from the mind, dismiss from the thoughts &c. 451.
	indulge in reverie &c. (be inattentive) 458.
	put away thought; unbend the mind, relax the mind, divert the mind, veg out.
	Adj. vacant, unintellectual, unideal[obs3], unoccupied, unthinking, inconsiderate, thoughtless, mindless, no-brain, vacuous; absent &c. (inattentive) 458; diverted; irrational &c. 499; narrow-minded &c. 481.
	unthought of, undreamt 'of, unconsidered; off one's mind; incogitable[obs3], not to be thought of.
	Phr. absence d'esprit; pabulum pictura pascit inani[Lat][obs3].

M1.4  Intuition
<-- this is one of 3 meanings of intuition: this is the intuitive faculty,
distinct from the process and the result   -->
	intuition, the intuitive faculty.
	instinct.

M1.5  Affect 
	affect, the affective faculty.

M2  Knowledge Acquisition  (R455 to R466)
M2.1  Precursory Conditions  (R455 to R460)
<--  		455.	Curiosity					456. Incuriosity
			457.	Attention					458. Inattention
			459.	Care						460. Neglect
-->
	#455. [The desire of knowledge.] Curiosity. -- N. interest, thirst for knowledge, thirst for truth; curiosity, curiousness; inquiring mind; inquisitiveness.
	omnivorous intellect, devouring mind.
	[person who desires knowledge] inquirer; sightseer;  quidnunc[Lat], newsmonger, Paul Pry, eavesdropper; gossip &c. (news) 532; rubberneck; intellectual;  seeker[inquirer after religious knowledge], seeker after truth.
	V. be curious &c. adj.; take an interest in, stare, gape; prick up the ears, see sights, lionize; pry; nose; rubberneck*[U . S.].
	Adj. curious, inquisitive, burning with curiosity, overcurious; inquiring &c. 461; prying, snoopy, nosy, peering; prurient; inquisitorial, inquisitory[obs3]; curious as a cat; agape &c. (expectant) 507.
	Phr. what's the matter? what next? consumed with curiosity; curiosity killed the cat, satisfaction brought it back. "curiouser and curiouser" [Alice in Wonderland].

	#456. [Absence of curiosity.] Incuriosity. -- N. incuriosity, incuriousness &c. adj.; insouciance &c. 866; indifference, lack of interest, disinterest.
	boredom, ennui (weariness) 841; satiety &c. 639; foreknowledge (foresight) 510;.
	V. be incurious &c. adj.; have no curiosity &c. 455; take no interest in &c. 823; mind one's own business.
	Adj. incurious, uninquisitive, indifferent; impassive &c. 823; uninterested, detached, aloof.

	#457. Attention. -- N. attention; mindfulness, presence of mind &c. adj.; intentness, intentiveness[obs3]; alertness; thought &c. 451; sadvertence, advertency[obs3]; observance, observation; consideration, reflection, perpension[obs1]; heed; heedfulness; particularity; notice, regard &c. v.; circumspection, diligence &c. (care) 459; study, scrutiny inspection, introspection; revision, revisal.
	active application, diligent application, exclusive application, minute application, close application, intense application, deep application, profound application, abstract application, labored application,  deliberate application, active attention, diligent attention, exclusive attention, minute attention, close attention, intense attention, deep attention, profound attention, abstract attention, labored attention,  deliberate attention, active thought, diligent thought, exclusive thought, minute thought, close thought, intense thought, deep thought, profound thought, abstract thought, labored thought,  deliberate thought, active study, diligent study, exclusive study, minute study, close study, intense study, deep study, profound study, abstract study, labored study,  deliberate study.
	minuteness, attention to detail.
	absorption of mind &c. (abstraction) 458.
	indication, calling attention to &c. v.
	V. be attentive &c. adj.; attend, advert to, observe, look, see, view, remark, notice, regard, take notice, mark; give attention to, pay attention to, pay heed to, give heed to; incline an ear to, lend an ear to; trouble one's head about; give a thought to, animadvert to; occupy oneself with; contemplate &c. (think of) 451; look at, look to, look after, look into, look over; see to; turn the mind to, bend the mind to, apply the mind to, direct the mind to, give the mind to,  turn the eye to, bend the eye to, apply the eye to, direct the eye to, give the eye to,  turn the attention to, bend the attention to, apply the attention to, direct the attention to, give the attention to; have an eye to, have in one's eye; bear in mind; take into account, take into consideration; keep in sight, keep in view; have regard to, heed, mind, take cognizance of entertain, recognize; make note of, take note of; note.
	examine cursorily; glance at, glance upon, glance over; cast the eyes over, pass the eyes over; run over, turn over the leaves, dip into, perstringe[obs1]; skim &c. (neglect) 460; take a cursory view of.
	examine, examine closely, examine intently; scan, scrutinize, consider; give one's mind to, bend one's mind to; overhaul, revise, pore over; inspect, review, pass under review; take stock of; fix the eye on, rivet attention on, fix attention on, devote the eye to, fix the mind on, devote the thoughts to; hear out, think out; mind one's business.
	revert to; watch &c. (expect) 507, (take care of) 459; hearken to,  listen to; prick up the ears; have the eyes open, keep the eyes open; come to the point.
	meet with attention; fall under one's notice, fall under one's observation; be under consideration &c. (topic) 454.
	catch the eye, strike the eye; attract notice; catch the attention, awaken the attention, wake the attention, invite the attention, solicit the attention, attract the attention, claim the attention excite the attention, engage the attention, occupy the attention, strike the attention, arrest the attention, fix the attention, engross the attention, absorb the attention, rivet the attention, catch the mind, awaken the mind, wake the mind, invite the mind, solicit the mind, attract the mind, claim the mind excite the mind, engage the mind, occupy the mind, strike the mind, arrest the mind, fix the mind, engross the mind, absorb the mind, rivet the mind, catch the thoughts, awaken the thoughts, wake the thoughts, invite the thoughts, solicit the thoughts, attract the thoughts, claim the thoughts excite the thoughts, engage the thoughts, occupy the thoughts, strike the thoughts, arrest the thoughts, fix the thoughts, engross the thoughts, absorb the thoughts, rivet the thoughts; be present to the mind, be uppermost in the mind.
	bring under one's notice; point out, point to, point at, point the finger at; lay the finger on, indigitate[obs1], indicate; direct attention to, call attention to; show; put a mark &c. (sign) 550 upon; call soldiers to " attention "; bring forward &c. (make manifest) 525.
	Adj. attentive, mindful, observant, regardful; alive to, awake to; observing &c. v.; alert,   open-eyed; intent on, taken up with, occupied with, engaged in; engrossed in, wrapped in, absorbed, rapt, transfixed, riveted, mesmerized, hypnotized; glued to (the TV); breathless; preoccupied &c. (inattentive) 458; watchful &c. (careful) 459;. breathless, undistracted, upon the stretch; on the watch &c. (expectant) 507.
	steadfast.
	[compelling attention] interesting, engrossing, mesmerizing, riveting.
	Int. see! look, look here, look you, look to it! mark! lo! behold! soho[obs3]! hark, hark ye! mind! halloo! observe! lo and behold! attention! nota bene [Latin], "N.B.", note well; I'd have you to know; notice! O yes! Oyez! dekko[obs3]! ecco[obs3]! yoho!
	Phr. this is to give notice, these are to give notice; dictum sapienti sat est [Latin: a word to the wise is sufficient]; finem respice[Lat][obs3].
	Attention! Now hear this! Oyez!; Achtung[German]; vnimanie[Russ][Russian]; chui[Japanese].

	#458. Inattention. -- N. inattention, inconsideration; inconsiderateness &c. adj.; oversight; inadvertence, inadvertency, nonobservance, disregard.
	supineness &c. (inactivity) 683; etourderie[French], want of thought; heedlessness &c. (neglect) 460; insouciance &c. (indifference) 866.
	abstraction; absence of mind, absorption of mind; preoccupation, distraction, reverie, brown study, deep musing, fit of abstraction.
	V. be inattentive &c. adj.; overlook, disregard; pass by &c. (neglect) 460 not observe &c. 457; think little of.
	close one's eyes to, shut one's eyes to; pay no attention to; dismiss from one's thoughts,  discard from one's thoughts, discharge from one's thoughts, dismiss from one's mind,  discard from one's mind, discharge from one's mind; drop the subject, think no more of; set aside, turn aside, put aside; turn away from, turn one's attention from, turn a deaf ear to,  turn one's back upon.
	abstract oneself, dream, indulge in reverie.
	escape notice, escape attention; come in at one ear and go out at the other; forget &c. (have no remembrance) 506.
	call off the attention,  draw off the attention,  call away the attention, divert the attention, distract the mind; put out of one's head; disconcert, discompose; put out, confuse, perplex, bewilder, moider[obs3], fluster, muddle, dazzle; throw a sop to Cerberus.
	Adj. inattentive; unobservant, unmindful, heedless, unthinking, unheeding, undiscerning[obs3]; inadvertent; mindless, regardless, respectless[obs3], listless &c. (indifferent) 866; blind, deaf; bird-witted; hand over head; cursory, percursory[obs3]; giddy-brained, scatter-brained, hare-brained; unreflective, unreflecting[obs3], ecervele [French]; offhand; dizzy, muzzy[obs3], brainsick[obs3]; giddy, giddy as a goose; wild, harum-scarum, rantipole[obs3], high-flying; heedless , careless &c. (neglectful) 460.
	inconsiderate, thoughtless.
	absent, abstracted, distrait; absent-minded, lost; lost in thought, wrapped in thought; rapt, in the clouds, bemused; dreaming on other things, musing on other things; preoccupied, engrossed &c. (attentive) 457; daydreaming, in a reverie &c. n.; off one's guard &c. (inexpectant) 508[obs3]; napping; dreamy; caught napping.
	disconcerted, distracted, put out &c. v.
	Adv. inattentively, inadvertently, absent-mindedly &c. adj[obs3].; per incuriam[Lat], sub silentio[Lat].
	Int. stand at ease, stand easy!
	Phr. the attention wanders; one's wits gone a woolgathering, one's wits gone a bird's nesting; it never entered into one's head; the mind running on other things; one's thoughts being elsewhere; had it been a bear it would have bitten you.
129

	#459. Care.  [Vigilance.] -- N. care, solicitude, heed; heedfulness &c. adj.; scruple &c. (conscientiousness) 939.
	watchfulness &c. adj.; vigilance, surveillance, eyes of Argus[obs3], watch, vigil, look out, watch and ward, loeil du maitre[Fr].
	alertness &c. (activity) 682; attention &c. 457; prudence &c., circumspection &c. (caution) 864; anxiety; forethought &c. 510; precaution &c. (preparation) 673; tidiness &c. (order) 58, (cleanliness) 652; accuracy &c. (exactness) 494; minuteness, attention to detail.
	V. be careful &c. adj.; reck[obs3]; take care &c. (be cautious) 864; pay attention to &c. 457; take care of; look to, look after, see to, see after; keep an eye on, keep a sharp eye on; chaperon, matronize[obs3], play gooseberry; keep watch, keep watch and ward; mount guard, set watch, watch; keep in sight, keep in view; mind, mind one's business.
	look sharp, look about one; look with one's own eyes; keep a good lookout, keep a sharp lookout; have all one's wits about one, have all one's eyes about one; watch for &c. (expect) 507; keep one's eyes open, have the eyes open, sleep with one's eye open.
	Adj. careful regardful, heedful;  taking care &c. v.; particular; prudent &c. (cautious) 864; considerate; thoughtful &c. (deliberative) 451; provident &c. (prepared) 673; alert &c. (active) 682; sure-footed.
	guarded, on one's guard; on the qui vivre[Fr], on the alert, on watch, on the lookout; awake, broad awake, vigilant; watchful, wakeful, wistful; Argus-eyed; wide awake &c. (intelligent) 498; on the watch for (expectant) 507.
	tidy &c. (orderly) 58, (clean) 652; accurate &c. (exact) 494; scrupulous &c. (conscientious) 939; cavendo tutus &c. (safe) 664[Lat].
	Adv. carefully &c. adj.; with care, gingerly.
	Phr. quis custodiet istos custodes? [Latin: who will watch the watchers?]; "care will kill a cat" [Wither]; ni bebas agua que no veas [Sp]; "O polished perturbation! Golden care!" [Henry IV]; "the incessant care and labor of his mind" [Henry IV].

	#460. Neglect. -- N. neglect; carelessness &c. adj.; trifling &c. v.; negligence; omission, oversight, laches[Law], default; supineness &c. (inactivity) 683; inattention &c. 458; nonchalance &c. (insensibility) 823; imprudence, recklessness &c. 863; slovenliness &c. (disorder) 59, (dirt) 653; improvidence &c. 674; noncompletion &c. 730; inexactness &c. (error) 495.
	paralipsis, paralepsis, paraleipsis [in rhetoric].
	trifler, waiter on Providence; Micawber.
	V. be negligent &c. adj.; take no care of &c. (take care of &c. 459); neglect; let slip,let go; lay aside, set aside, cst aside, put aside; keep  out of sight, put out of sight; lose sight of.
	overlook, disregard; pass over, pas by; let pass; blink; wink at, connive at;gloss over; take no note of, take no thought of, take no account of, take no notice of; pay no regard to; laisser aller[Fr].
	scamp; trifle, fribble[obs3]; do by halves; cut; slight &c. (despise) 930; play with, trifle with; slur, skim, skim the surface; effleurer [Fr]; take a cursory view of &c. 457.
	slur over, skip over, jump over, slip over; pretermit[obs3], miss, skip, jump, omit, give the go-by to, push aside, pigeonhole, shelve, sink; table [parliamentary]; ignore, shut one's eyes to, refuse to hear, turn a deaf ear to; leave out of one's calculation; not attend to &c. 457, not mind; not trouble oneself about, not trouble one's head about, not trouble oneself with; forget &c. 506; be caught napping &c. (not expect) 508; leave a loose thread; let the grass grow under one's feet.
	render neglectful &c. adj.; put off one's guard, throw off one's guard; distract, divert.
	Adj. neglecting &c. v.; unmindful, negligent, neglectful; heedless, careless, thoughtless; perfunctory, remiss; feebleness &c. 575.
	inconsiderate; uncircumspect[obs3], incircumspect[obs3]; off one's guard; unwary, unwatchful[obs3], unguarded; offhand.
	supine &c. (inactive) 683; inattentive &c. 458; insouciant &c. (indifferent) 823; imprudent, reckless &c. 863; slovenly &c. (disorderly) 59, (dirty) 653; inexact &c. (erroneous) 495; improvident &c. 674.
	neglected &c. v.; unheeded, uncared-for, unperceived, unseen, unobserved, unnoticed, unnoted[obs3], unmarked, unattended to, unthought of, unregarded[obs3], unremarked, unmissed[obs3]; shunted, shelved.
	unexamined, unstudied, unsearched[obs3], unscanned[obs3], unweighed[obs3], unsifted, unexplored.
	abandoned; buried in a napkin, hid under a bushel.
	Adv. negligently &c. adj.; hand over head, anyhow; in an unguarded moment &c. (unexpectedly) 508; per incuriam[Lat].
	Int. never mind, no matter, let it pass.
	Phr. out of sight, out of mind.

M2.2  Operations (R461 to R466)
<--  		461.	Inquiry					462. Answer
			463  Experiment				463a theorization
			464.	Comparison				465.	Discrimination					465a. 	Indiscrimination
			466.	Measurement
-->

	#461. Inquiry [Subject of Inquiry. Question]  -- N. inquiry; request &c. 765; search, research, quest, pursuit &c. 622.
	examination, review, scrutiny, investigation, indagation[obs1]; perquisition[obs3], perscrutation[obs3], pervestigation[obs1]; inquest, inquisition; exploration; exploitation, ventilation.
	sifting; calculation, analysis, dissection, resolution, induction; Baconian method[obs3].
	strict inquiry, close inquiry, searching inquiry, exhaustive inquiry; narrow search, strict search; study &c. (consideration) 451.
	scire facias[Lat], ad referendum; trial.
	questioning &c. v.; interrogation,
interrogatory; interpellation; challenge, examination,  cross-examination, catechism; feeler,  Socratic method, zetetic philosophy[obs3]; leading question; discussion &c. (reasoning) 476.
	reconnoitering, reconnaissance; prying &c. v.; espionage, espionnage[Fr]; domiciliary visit, peep behind the curtain; lantern of Diogenes.
	question, query, problem, desideratum, point to be solved, porism[obs3]; subject of inquiry, field of inquiry, subject of controversy; point in dispute, matter in dispute; moot point; issue, question at issue; bone of contention &c. (discord) 713; plain question, fair question, open question; enigma &c. (secret) 533; knotty point &c. (difficulty) 704; quodlibet; threshold of an inquiry.
	[ref: person who questions, inquirer P2.3.2.3.2.5.14]
	V. make inquiry &c. n.; inquire, ask, seek, search.
	look for, look about for, look out for; scan, reconnoiter, explore, sound, rummage, ransack, pry, peer, look round; look over, go over, look through, go through; spy, overhaul.
	[transitive: object is a topic] ask about, inquire about.
	scratch the head, slap the forehead.
	look into every hole and corner, peer into every hole and corner, pry into every hole and corner; nose; trace up; search out, hunt down, hunt out, fish out, ferret out; unearth; leave no stone unturned.
	seek a clue, seek a clew; hunt, track, trail, mouse, dodge, trace; follow the trail, follow the scent; pursue &c. 662; beat up one's quarters; fish for; feel for &c. (experiment) 463.
	investigate; take up an inquiry,  institute an inquiry, pursue an inquiry, follow up an inquiry, conduct an inquiry, carry on an inquiry, carry out an inquiry,  prosecute an inquiry &c. n.; look at, look  into; preexamine; discuss, canvass, agitate.
	[inquire into a topic] examine, study, consider, calculate; dip into, dive into, delve into, go deep into; make sure of, probe, sound, fathom; probe to the bottom, probe to the quick; scrutinize, analyze, anatomize, dissect, parse, resolve, sift, winnow; view in all its phases, try in all its phases; thresh out.
	bring in question, bring into question, subject to examination; put to the proof &c. (experiment) 463; audit, tax, pass in review; take into consideration &c. (think over) 451; take counsel &c. 695.
	[intransitive] question, demand; put the question, pop the question, propose the question, propound the question, moot the question, start the question, raise the question, stir the question, suggest the question, put forth the question, ventilate the question, grapple with the question, go into a question.
	[transitive: human object] question, put to the question, interrogate, pump; subject to interrogation, subject to examination; cross-question, cross-examine; press for an answer; give the third degree; put to the inquisition; dodge[obs2].
	catechize.
	require an answer; pick the brains of, suck the brains of; feel the pulse.
	get the lay of the land; see how the wind is blowing; put one's ear to the ground.
	[intransitive] be in question &c. adj.; undergo examination.
	Adj. inquiry &c. v.; inquisitive &c. (curious) 455; requisitive[obs1], requisitory[obs3]; catechetical[obs3], inquisitorial, analytic; in search of, in quest of; on the lookout for, interrogative, zetetic[obs3]; all searching.
	undetermined, untried, undecided; in question, in dispute, in issue, in course of inquiry; under discussion, under consideration, under investigation &c. n.; sub judice[Lat], moot, proposed; doubtful &c. (uncertain) 475.
	Adv. what? why? wherefore? whence? whither? where? quaere? how comes it[Lat], how happens it, how is it? what is the reason? what's the matter, what's in the wind?  what on earth? when? who? nicht wahr?[Ger].

	#462. Answer. -- N. answer, response, reply, replication, riposte, rejoinder, surrejoinder[obs3], rebutter, surrebutter[obs3], retort, repartee; rescript, rescription[obs3]; antiphon[obs3], antiphony; acknowledgment; password; echo; counter statement.
	discovery &c. 480a; solution &c. (explanation) 522; rationale &c. (cause) 153; clue &c. (indication) 550.
	Oedipus; oracle &c. 513; return &c. (record) 551.
	V. answer, respond, reply, rebut, retort, rejoin; give for answer, return for answer; acknowledge, echo.
	explain &c. (interpret) 522; solve &c. (unriddle) 522; discover &c. 480a; fathom, hunt out &c. (inquire) 461; satisfy, set at rest, determine.
	Adj. answering &c. v.; responsive, respondent; conclusive.
	Adv. because &c. (cause) 153; on the scent, on the right scent.
	Int. eureka!

	#463. Experiment. -- N. experiment; essay &c. (attempt) 675; analysis &c. (investigation) 461; screen; trial, tentative method, tâtonnement.
	verification, probation, experimentum crucis[Lat], proof, (demonstration) 478; criterion, diagnostic, test, probe, crucial test, acid test,  litmus test.
	crucible, reagent, check, touchstone, pix[obs3]; assay, ordeal; ring; litmus paper, curcuma paper[obs3], turmeric paper; test tube; analytical instruments &c. 633.
	empiricism, rule of thumb.
	feeler; trial balloon, pilot balloon, messenger balloon; pilot engine; scout; straw to show the wind.
	speculation, random shot, leap in the dark.
	analyzer, analyst, assayist[obs3]; adventurer; experimenter, experimentist[obs3], experimentalist; scientist, engineer, technician.
	subject, experimentee[obs3], guinea pig, experimental animal.
	[experimental method] protocol, experimental method, blind experiment, double-blind experiment, controlled experiment.
	poll, survey, opinion poll.
	epidemiological survey[Med], retrospective analysis, retrospective survey, prospective survey, prospective analysis; statistical analysis.
	literature search, library research.
	tryout, audition.
	[results of experiment] discovery &c. 480; measurement &c. 466; evidence &c. 467.
	[reasoning about an experiment]  deduction, induction, abduction.
	V. experiment; essay &c. (endeavor) 675; try, try out, assay; make an experiment, make a trial of; give a trial to; put on trial, subject to trial; experiment upon; rehearse; put to the test, bring to the test, submit to the test, submit to the proof; prove, verify, test, touch, practice upon, try one's strength; road-test, test drive, take for a spin; test fly.
	grope; feel one's way, grope for one's way; fumble, tâtonner, aller â tâtons[Fr], put out a feeler, throw out a feeler; send up a trial balloon, send up a pilot balloon; see how the land lies, get the lay of the land, test the waters, feel out, sound out, take the pulse, see, check, check out[coll.], see how the wind blows; consult the barometer; feel the pulse; fish for, bob for; cast for, beat about for; angle, trawl, cast one's net, beat the bushes.
	try one's fortune &c. (adventure) 675; explore &c. (inquire) 461.
	Adj. experimental,  empirical.
	probative, probatory[obs3], probationary, provisional; analytic, docimastic[obs3]; tentative;unverified, unproven, speculative, untested.
	Adv. on trial, under examination, on probation, under probation, on one's trial, on approval.
	Phr. check it out, give it a try, see how it goes; "Run it up the flagpole and see who salutes."

	#464. Comparison. -- N. comparison, collation, contrast; identification; comparative estimate, relative estimate, relativity.
	simile, similitude, analogy (similarity) 17; allegory &c. (metaphor) 521.
	matching, pattern-matching.
	[quantitative comparison] ratio, proportion (number) 84.
	[results of comparison] discrimination 465; indiscrimination 465a[obs3]; identification 465b.
	V. compare to, compare with; collate, confront; place side by side, juxtapose &c. (near) 197; set against one another, pit against one another; contrast, balance.
	identify, draw a parallel, parallel.
	compare notes; institute a comparison; parva componere magnis[Lat]..
	Adj. comparative; metaphorical &c. 521.
	compared with &c. v.; comparable; judged by comparison.
	Adv. relatively &c. (relation) 9; as compared with &c. v.
	Phr. comparisons are odious; " comparisons are odorous " [Much Ado about Nothing].

	#464a. Incomparability [Lack of comparison] -- N. incomparability; incommensurability; indistinguishablility &c. 465a.
	Adj. incommensurable, incommensurate;  incomparable; different &c.15.
	Phr. like apples and oranges; no basis for comparison; no standard for comparison.

	#465. [results of comparison. 1] Discrimination. -- N. discrimination, distinction, differentiation, diagnosis, diorism[obs3]; nice perception; perception of difference, appreciation of difference; estimation &c. 466; nicety, refinement; taste &c. 850; critique, judgment; tact; discernment &c. (intelligence) 498; acuteness, penetration; nuances.
	dope*, past performances.
	V. discriminate, distinguish, severalize[obs3]; recognize, match, identify; separate; draw the line, sift; separate the chaff from the wheat,  winnow the chaff from the wheat; separate the men from the boys; split hairs, draw a  fine line, nitpick, quibble.
	estimate &c. (measure) 466; know which is which, know what is what, know " a hawk from a handsaw" [Hamlet].
	take into account, take into consideration; give due weight to, allow due weight to; weigh carefully.
	Adj. discriminating &c. v.; dioristic[obs3], discriminative, distinctive; nice.
	Phr. il y a fagots et fagots; rem acu tetigisti[Lat][obs3]; la critique est aisee et l'art est difficile [Fr]; miles apart; a distinction without a difference.

	#465a. [results of comparison. 2] Indiscrimination. -- N. indiscrimination[obs3], indistinguishability; indistinctness, indistinction[obs3]; uncertainty &c. (doubt) 475; incomparability &c. 464a.
	V. not discriminate &c. 465; overlook &c. (neglect) 460 a distinction: confound, confuse.
	Adj. indiscriminate; undistinguished[obs2], indistinguishable, undistinguishable[obs3]; unmeasured; promiscuous, undiscriminating.
	Phr. valeat quantum valere potest[Lat.].

	#465b. [results of comparison. 3] Identification.-- N. identification, recognition, diagnosis, match; apperception, assimilation; dereplication; classification; memory &c. 505; interpretation &c. 522; cognizance (knowledge) 490.
	V. identify, recognize, match, match up; classify; recall, remember &c. (memory) 505; find similarity (similarity) 17; put in its proper place, put in its proper niche, place in order (arrangement) 60.

[[measure]]
<-- here, measurement is the action -->
	#466. Measurement. -- N. measurement, admeasurement[obs3], mensuration.
	survey, valuation, appraisement, assessment, assize.
	estimate, estimation;  dead reckoning, reckoning &c. (numeration) 85; gauging &c. v.; horse power.
	metrology, weights and measures, compound arithmetic.
	{{has_conceptual_part}} measure.
	{{has_subtype(measure)}} yard measure, standard, rule, foot rule, compass, calipers; gage, gauge; meter, line, rod, check; dividers; velo[obs3].
	flood mark, high water mark; Plimsoll line; index &c. 550.
	scale; graduation, graduated scale; nonius[obs3]; vernier &c. (minuteness) 193.
	[ref: instruments for measuring P2.3.1.3.12.3.1 ]
	measurability, computability, determinability[obs3].
	{{has_conceptual_part}} coordinate.
	{{has_subtype(coordinate) linear coordinate; angular coordinate.
	{{has_subtype(linear coordinate): @R244,  ordinate, abscissa}}.
	{{has_subtype(angular coordinate): @R244a, angle, polar coordinates, latitude and longitude, declination and right ascension, altitude and azimuth}}.
	{{studied_in}} geometry, stereometry[obs3], hypsometry[obs3]; metage[obs3]; surveying, land surveying; geodesy, geodetics[obs3], geodesia[obs3]; orthometry[obs3], altimetry[obs3]; cadastre[Fr].
	astrolabe, armillary sphere[obs3].
	land surveyor; geometer.
	{{uses: quantity, R25}}.
	{{uses: number, R84}}.
	V. measure, mete; determine, assay; evaluate, value, assess, rate, appraise, estimate, form an estimate, set a value on; appreciate; standardize.
	span, pace step; apply the compass &c. n.; gauge, plumb, probe, sound, fathom; heave the log, heave the lead; survey.
	weigh.
	take an average &c. 29; graduate.
	Adj. measuring &c. v.; metric , metrical;
	measurable, perceptible, noticeable, detectable, appreciable, ponderable, determinable, fathomable; 
	geodetical, topographic, topographical, cartographic, cartographical.

M3  Mental Objects
M3.1 Ideas, knowledge  (R453, 454)
M3.1.1  Simple Concepts
<-- here we put the generalized concept of "concept, knowledge, information", treating these as objects independent of the knowing entity.  This is necessary as an addition to the Roget classification, since the entries "knowledge", "information", and "idea" in Roget relate primarily to the act of knowing in humans. -->

<-- we distinguish a concept as a single idea, and a topic as a complex of ideas -->
M3.1.1.1 Concept  [[idea]]
	N. -- {{conceptual_part_of(topic)}} concept, idea, conception.
	{{has_manifestation}} word, phrase; description; mental image, image.

	<-- in the entry "information", below, the relation "has_requirement", which is usually used to indicate the requirement of some condition for an action here indicates the requirement of a medium for the existence of information.  -->
M3.1.1.2  Information.       [[lore]][[information]]
	N. --  Information, knowledge, data, facts; lore, wisdom, science.
$$
	{{has_manifestation: words; statements, assertions; pictures, illustrations, pictorial information; representation (R554)}} symbolic data representation; graphics; encoded data.
	{{studied_in}} information theory.
	{{has_units}} bit.
	{{has_units}}{{in_subject(computers, P2.3.1.3.15.4)}} byte, word, doubleword[Comp], quad word, paragraph, segment.
	{{has_requirement}} data storage.
	{{has_concern}} information retrieval; knowledge representation; data encoding.
	{{has_requirement(data storage)}} data storage medium.
	{{has_subtype(data storage medium)}} human memory.
	{{has_subtype(data storage medium): document, R590}}.
	{{in_subject(Digital Computer, P2.3.1.3.15.4.1.2)}} {{has_subtype(data storage medium):  paper tape; magnetic media,  optical media; random access memory, RAM; read-only memory, ROM; write once read mostly memory, WORM}}.
	{{has_concern(data storage)}} data compression.

M3.1.1.3  Idea  (R453)
	#453. [Object of thought.] Idea. -- N. idea, notion, concept, conception, thought; apprehension, impression, perception, mental image, image, <gr/eidolon/gr>[Grk].
	sentiment, reflection, observation, consideration; abstract idea.
	archetype, paradigm, formative notion; guiding conception, organizing conception; image in the mind, regulative principle.
	view &c. (opinion) 484; theory &c. 514; conceit, fancy; phantasy &c. (imagination) 515.point of view &c. (aspect) 448; field of view.

<-- p.  128  -->

<-- recall distinction between objective reality and perception thereof: noumenon and  phenomenon -->

<-- we consider a topic as a complex of simple ideas -->
M3.1.1.4  Topic  (R454)
	#454. [Subject of thought, <gr/noemata/gr>] Topic. -- N. {{propert_of(complexity)}} {{conceptual_part_of(concept, M3.1.1.1 )}} topic, subject,  subject matter, matter, theme, <gr/noemata/gr>[Grk], what it is about, thesis, business, affair.
	matter in hand, argument.
	{[of(document)]} text.
	{{conceptual_part_of: document}}.
	{{conceptual_part_of: speech}}.
	{[of(document/speech/illustration)]} contents, gist, essence, substance.
	meaning, implication, sum and substance.
	{[of(document/speech)]} {{has_representation: @R564, heading, title}}.
	{[of(illustration)]} {{has_representation: @R564 caption}}.
	{{in_subject(parliamentary debate/committee}} motion, resolution.
	{{has_part(document, R590)}} title, running title, heading, head, chapter, section.
	case, point; proposition, theorem; field of inquiry; subject of thought, material for thought, food for the mind, mental pabulum; moot point, problem &c. (question) 461.
	{{member_of: agenda, @R86}}.
	V. float in the mind , pass in the mind &c. 451.
	Adj. topical, thought of; uppermost in the mind; in petto.
	Adv. under consideration; in question, in the mind; on the agenda, on foot, on the carpet, on the docket, on the tapis[obs3]; relative to &c. 9.

M3.1.2  Complex Concepts
M3.1.2.1  Theory
	theory, postulate.
	dogma, doctrine.
	rule, law, rule of thumb.
<--   also   idea systems(non-experimental: math, philosophy)  -->

<-- here we enter procedure as a set of concepts, such as a written procedure.  In Roget, the main entry for procedure is under voluntary action, which is an action, not a concept which can be a subject of
communication.  -->
M3.1.2.2  Procedure -- N.
	procedure, protocol; recipe.
	{{similar_to: precept, R697}}.

M3.2  Instinct  (R452)
	#452. [Absence or want of thought.] Incogitancy. -- N. incogitancy[obs3], vacancy, inunderstanding[obs3]; fatuity &c. 499; thoughtlessness &c. (inattention) 458; vacuity.
	couch potato, vegetable.
	V. not think &c. 451; not think of; dismiss from the mind, dismiss from the thoughts &c. 451.
	indulge in reverie &c. (be inattentive) 458.
	put away thought; unbend the mind, relax the mind, divert the mind, veg out.
	Adj. vacant, unintellectual, unideal[obs3], unoccupied, unthinking, inconsiderate, thoughtless, mindless, no-brain, vacuous; absent &c. (inattentive) 458; diverted; irrational &c. 499; narrow-minded &c. 481.
	unthought of, undreamt of, unconsidered; off one's mind; incogitable[obs3], not to be thought of.
	Phr. absence d'esprit; pabulum pictura pascit inani[Lat][obs3].

M3.3  Personal Affections {{similar_to: sympathetic affections, M8.3}}.
<--  this group is closely related to M8.3, sympathetic affections, under M8, mind-mind interactions, which were grouped with these affections in Roget.  The Roget classification had linguistic validity because feelings are often directed at external objects, rather than having a potentially independent existence, such as ideas.  However, to maintain the overall structure of this classification (the distinction between actions of an individual mind and mind-mind interactions), the entry here allows the "affections, feelings" class to be considered a mental object, though it is in some way similar to a mind-mind interaction.  One of the main problems is the resulting large distance between many of the emotions listed here, and the emotions of love and hate, usually thought of in similar terms. -->
[[affections]]
	N.  affection, affect, affections, feeling.

<--
Note: entries
		822.	Sensibility				823.	Insensibility
		824.	Excitation
		825.	Excitability				826.	Inexcitability
  moved  to M4.2  properties of the affective faculty  {{has_property(mind, R450)}}
-->
<-- here we distinguish propensities, habitual tendencies from less permanent feelings, and from personality, inborn characteristics: distinguish what one is from what one does
  what one is goes to traits, P2.2.3
.. habitual tendencies, R820, are a cause of habits, R613
  conditions as applied to humans is in human conditions P2.2.4
  (e.g. "mood, frame of mind" is an immediate state,  whereas this section on affections refers to habitual tendencies.  Note that emotions, momentary feelings are in the next entry, R821, under feelings.  -->
M3.3.1  Habitual Affections ...R820
	#820.  Affections. -- N. {{caused_by(habit, R613)}} affections, bent, bias, predisposition, proneness, proclivity, propensity; idiosyncrasy; cast of mind, cast of soul, habit of mind, habit of soul, frame of mind, frame of soul, diathesis[obs3]; predilection, sentiment, turn, natural turn of mind; propenseness[obs3], propension[obs3], propendency[obs1]; vein, humor, mood, grain, mettle; sympathy &c. (love) 897.
	[ref: P2.2.3;  trait, character, qualities, disposition, nature, spirit, tone; personality, temper, temperament].
	[ref: human condition, state, R7a, P2.2.4].
	[ref: characteristic R5a].
	soul, heart, breast, bosom, inner man; heart's core, heart's strings, heart's blood; heart of hearts, bottom of one's heart, , penetralia mentis[Lat];  secret and inmost recesses of the heart, cockles of one's heart; inmost heart, inmost soul; backbone.
	passion, pervading spirit; ruling passion, master passion; furore[obs3]; fullness of the heart, heyday of the blood, flesh and blood, flow of soul.
	energy, fervor, fire, force.
	{{similar_to: feelings, R821}}.
	{{similar_to: ability, @R157(power)}}.
	V. have affections, possess affections &c. n.; be of a character &c. n.; be affected &c. adj.; breathe.
	Adj. affected, characterized, formed, molded, cast; attempered[obs3],  tempered; framed; predisposed; prone, inclined; having a bias &c. n.; tinctured with,  imbued with, penetrated with, eaten  up with.
	inborn, inbred, ingrained; deep-rooted, ineffaceable, inveterate; pathoscopic[obs2]; congenital, dyed in the wool, implanted by nature, inherent, in the grain.
	affective [obs3][med. and general].
	Adv. in one's heart &c. n.; at heart; heart and soul &c. 821.
	Phr. "affection is a coal that must be cool'd else suffer'd it will set the heart on fire" [Venus and Adonis].

M3.3.2  Fleeting Affections ...R821  [[Emotion]]
<-- there may be reason to distinguish feeling and emotion, but for now they are kept as synonymous.  How to classify "a feeling of despair"?  We don't say "he has an emotion of despair". What is the difference?  Is emotion a strong feeling? -->
	#821. Feeling. Emotion.  -- N. {{affects(human condition) feeling, emotion, affection, sentiment.
	{{part_of}} mood, ease, frame of mind.
	experience, response; impression, inspiration, sensation, pathos, deep sense; sympathy &c. (love) 897.
	suffering &c. v.; endurance, tolerance, sufferance, supportance[obs3].
	warmth, glow, unction, gusto, vehemence; fervor, fervency; heartiness, cordiality; earnestness, eagerness; empressement[Fr], gush, ardor, zeal, passion, enthusiasm, verve, furore[obs3], fanaticism; excitation  of feeling &c. 824; fullness of the heart &c. (disposition) 820; passion &c. (state of excitability) 825; ecstasy &c. (pleasure) 827.
	blush, suffusion, flush; hectic; tingling, thrill, turn, shock; agitation &c. (irregular motion) 315; quiver, heaving, flutter, flurry, fluster, twitter, tremor; throb, throbbing; pulsation, palpitation, panting; trepidation, perturbation; ruffle, hurry of spirits, pother, stew, ferment; state of excitement.
	{{similar_to: affections, R820}}.
	V. feel; receive an impression &c. n.; be impressed with &c. adj.; entertain feeling, harbor feeling, cherish feeling &c. n.
	respond; catch the flame, catch the infection; enter the spirit of.
	bear, suffer, support, sustain, endure, thole [obs3][Scottish], aby[obs3]; abide &c. (be composed) 826; experience &c. (meet with) 151; taste, prove;  labor under, smart under; bear the brunt of, brave, stand.
	swell, glow, warm, flush, blush, change color, mantle; turn color, turn pale, turn red, turn black in the face; tingle, thrill, heave, pant, throb, palpitate, go pitapat, tremble, quiver, flutter, twitter; shake &c. 315; be agitated, be excited &c. 824; look blue, look black; wince; draw a deep breath.
	impress &c. (excite the feelings) 824.
	Adj. feeling &c. v.; sentient; sensuous; sensorial, sensory; emotive, emotional; of feeling, with feeling &c. n.
	[causing emotion] sentimental.
	warm, quick, lively, smart, strong, sharp, acute, cutting, piercing, incisive; keen, keen as a razor; trenchant, pungent, racy, piquant, poignant, caustic.
	impressive, deep, profound, indelible; deep felt, home felt, heartfelt; swelling, soul-stirring, deep-mouthed, heart-expanding, electric, thrilling, rapturous, ecstatic.
	earnest, wistful, eager, breathless; fervent; fervid; gushing, passionate, warm-hearted, hearty, cordial, sincere, zealous, enthusiastic, glowing, ardent, burning, red-hot, fiery, flaming; boiling over.
	pervading, penetrating, absorbing; rabid, raving, feverish, fanatical, hysterical; impetuous &c. (excitable) 825.
	impressed with, moved with, touched with, affected with, penetrated with, seized with, imbued with &c. 82; devoured by; wrought up &c. (excited) 824; struck all of a heap; rapt; in a quiver &c. n.; enraptured &c. 829.
	Adv. heart and soul, from the bottom of one's heart, ab imo pectore[Lat], at heart, con amore[It], heartily, devoutly, over head and ears, head over heels.
	Phr. the heart big, the heart full, the heart swelling, the heart beating, the heart pulsating, the heart throbbing, the heart thumping, the heart beating high, the heart melting, the heart overflowing, the heart bursting, the heart breaking; the heart goes out, a heart as big as all outdoors (sympathy) 897.

<-- 
		822.	Sensibility				823.	Insensibility
		824.	Excitation
		825.	Excitability				826.	Inexcitability
  moved  to M4.2  properties of the affective faculty  {{has_property(mind, R450) -->

M3.3.2.1  PERSONAL  AFFECTIONS  ........	827-887
M3.3.2.1.1  PASSIVE personal affections   R827 to R844  [[emotion]]
<--  	827.	Pleasure					828.	Pain
		829.	Pleasureableness			830.	Painfulness
		831.	Content					832.	Discontent
Part of discontent (disappointment) , regret, relief to retrospective
       emotions M3.3.2.4
		833.	Regret
		834.	Relief					835.	Aggravation
		836.	Cheerfulness				837.	Dejection
		838.	Rejoicing					839.	Lamentation
		840.	Amusement					841.	Weariness
		842.	Wit						843.	Dullness
	Note: 844.  Humorist to P2.3.2.3.2.5.29 

-->
<-- note that physical pain and pleasure are under sensation, 
M6.1.1  Sensation Generally...R375 to R378
		377.	Pleasure					378. Pain   -->

	#827. Pleasure. -- N. pleasure, gratification, enjoyment, fruition; oblectation, delectation, delection[obs3]; relish, zest.
	{{caused_by: gusto &c. (physical pleasure) 377}}.
<-- other causes should be added here &&  -->
	[ref: satisfaction &c. (content) 831].
	complacency.
	well-being; good &c. 618; snugness, comfort, ease; cushion &c. 215; sans souci[French:without worry], mind at ease.
	joy, gladness, delight, glee, cheer, sunshine; cheerfulness &c. 836.
	treat, refreshment; amusement &c. 840; luxury &c. 377.
	mens sana in corpore sano [Latin: a sound mind in a sound body][Juvenal].
	happiness, felicity, bliss; beatitude, beautification; enchantment, transport, rapture, ravishment, ecstasy; summum bonum[Lat]; paradise, elysium &c. ( heaven) 981; third heaven[obs2], seventh heaven, cloud nine; unalloyed happiness &c.; hedonics[obs3], hedonism.
	honeymoon; palmy days, halcyon days; golden age, golden time; Dixie, Dixie's land; Saturnia regna[Lat], Arcadia[obs3], Shangri-La, happy valley, Agapemone[obs3].
	V. be pleased &c. 829; feel pleasure, experience pleasure &c. n.; joy; enjoy oneself, hug oneself; be in clover &c. 377, be in elysium &c. 981; tread on enchanted ground; fall into raptures, go into raptures.
	feel at home, breathe freely, bask in the sunshine.
	be pleased &c. 829 with; receive pleasure, derive pleasure &c. n. from; take pleasure &c. n. in; delight in, rejoice in, indulge in, luxuriate in; gloat over &c. (physical pleasure) 377; enjoy, relish, like; love &c. 897; take to, take a fancy to; have a liking for; enter into the spirit of.
	take in good part.
	treat oneself to, solace oneself with.
	Adj. pleased &c. 829; not sorry; glad, gladsome; pleased as Punch.
	happy, blest, blessed, blissful, beatified; happy as a clam at high water [U.S.], happy as a clam, happy as a king, happy as the day is long; thrice happy, ter quaterque beatus[Lat]; enjoying &c. v.; joyful &c. (in spirits) 836; hedonic[obs3].
	in a blissful state, in paradise &c. 981, in raptures, in ecstasies, in a transport of delight.
	comfortable &c. (physical pleasure) 377; at ease; content &c. 831; sans souci[Fr].
	overjoyed, entranced, enchanted; enraptures; enravished[obs3]; transported; fascinated, captivated.
	with a joyful face, with sparkling eyes.
	pleasing &c. 829; ecstatic, beatic[obs3]; painless, unalloyed, without alloy, cloudless.
	Adv. happily &c. adj.; with pleasure &c. (willingfully) 602[obs3]; with glee &c. n..
	Phr. one's heart leaping with joy.
	"a wilderness of sweets" [P.L.]; "I wish you all the joy that you can wish" [M. of Venice]; jour de ma vie; "joy ruled the day and love the night" [Dryden]; "joys season'd high and tasting strong of guilt" [Young]; "oh happiness, our being's end and aim!" [Pope]; "there is a pleasure that is born of pain" [O Meridith]; "throned on highest bliss" [P.L.]; vedi Napoli e poi muori[It]; zwischen Freud und Leid ist die Brucke nicht weit [German: the bridge between joy and sorrow is not wide].

	#828. Suffering. Mental Pain. -- N. suffering, mental suffering, pain, dolor, mental pain, sufferance; unhappiness, infelicity.
	{{analogous_to: ache, smart &c. (physical pain) R378}}.
	passion.
	care, anxiety, solicitude, trouble, trial, ordeal, fiery ordeal, shock, blow, cark[obs3], dole, fret, burden, load.
	concern, grief, sorrow, distress, affliction, woe, bitterness, heartache; carking cares; heavy heart, aching heart, bleeding heart, broken heart; heavy affliction, gnawing grief.
	{{has_high_intensity}} misery, tribulation, wretchedness, desolation; despair &c. 859; extremity, prostration, depth of misery.
	{{has_high_intensity}} nightmare, ephialtes[obs3], incubus.
	{{has_low_intensity}} displeasure, dissatisfaction, discomfort, discomposure, disquiet; malaise; inquietude, uneasiness, vexation of spirit; taking; discontent &c. 832.
	{{has_low_intensity}} annoyance, irritation, worry, infliction, visitation; plague, bore; bother, botheration; stew, vexation, mortification, chagrin, esclandre[Fr]; mauvais quart d'heur[Fr].
	{{has_high_intensity}} pang, anguish, agony; torture, torment; purgatory &c. (hell) 982.
	{{has_high_intensity}} hell upon earth; iron age, reign of terror; slough of despond &c. (adversity) 735; peck of troubles; "ills that flesh is heir to"  &c. (evil) 619[Hamlet]; miseries of human life; "unkindest cut of all" [Julius Caesar].
	dejection &c. 837; weariness &c. 841; anhedonia[obs3].
	sufferer, victim, prey, martyr, object of compassion, wretch.
	shorn lamb.
	V. feel pain, suffer pain, experience pain, undergo pain, bear pain, endure pain &c. n., smart, ache &c. (physical pain) 378; suffer, bleed, ail; be the victim of.
	labor under afflictions; bear the cross; quaff the bitter cup, have a bad time of it; fall on evil days &c. (adversity) 735; go hard with, come to grief, fall a sacrifice to, drain the cup of misery to the dregs, "sup full of horrors" [Macbeth].
	sit on thorns, be on pins and needles, wince, fret, chafe, worry oneself, be in a taking, fret and fume; take on, take to heart; cark[obs3].
	grieve; mourn &c. (lament) 839; yearn, repine, pine, droop, languish, sink; give way; despair &c. 859; break one's heart; weigh upon the heart &c. (inflict pain) 830.
	Adj. in pain, in a state of pain, full of pain &c. n.; suffering &c. v.; pained, afflicted, worried, displeased &c. 830; aching, griped, sore &c. (physical pain) 378; on the rack, in limbo; between hawk and buzzard.
	uncomfortable, uneasy; ill at ease; in a taking, in a way; disturbed; discontented &c. 832; out of humor &c. 901a; weary &c. 841.
	heavy laden, stricken, crushed, a prey to, victimized, ill-used.
	unfortunate &c. (hapless) 735; to be pitied, doomed, devoted, accursed, undone, lost, stranded; fey.
	unhappy, infelicitous, poor, wretched, miserable, woe-begone; cheerless &c. (dejected) 837; careworn.
	concerned, sorry; sorrowing, sorrowful; cut up, chagrined, horrified, horror-stricken; in grief, plunged in grief, a prey to grief &c. n.; in tears &c. (lamenting) 839; steeped to the lips in misery; heart-stricken, heart-broken, heart-scalded; broken-hearted; in despair &c. 859.
	Phr. "the iron entered into our soul"; haeret lateri lethalis arundo [Lat][Vergil]; one's heart bleeding; "down, thou climbing sorrow" [Lear]; "mirth cannot move a soul in agony" [Love's Labor's Lost]; nessun maggior dolere che ricordarsi del tempo felice nella miseria [It]; "sorrow's crown of sorrow is remembering happier things" [Tennyson]; "the Niobe of Nations" [Byron].

	#829. [Capability of giving pleasure; cause or source of pleasure.] Pleasurableness. -- N. pleasurableness, pleasantness, agreeableness &c. adj.; pleasure giving, jucundity[obs3], delectability; amusement &c. 840.
	attraction &c. (motive) 615; attractiveness, attractability[obs3]; invitingness &c. adj[obs3].; harm, fascination, enchantment, witchery, seduction, winning ways, amenity, amiability; winsomeness.
	loveliness &c. (beauty) 845; sunny side, bright side; sweets &c. (sugar) 396; goodness &c. 648; manna in the wilderness, land flowing with milk and honey; bittersweet; fair weather.
	treat; regale &c. (physical pleasure) 377; dainty; titbit[obs3], tidbit; nuts, sauce piquante[Fr].
	V. cause pleasure, produce pleasure, create pleasure, give pleasure, afford pleasure, procure pleasure, offer pleasure, present pleasure, yield pleasure &c. 827.
	please, charm, delight, becharm[obs3], imparadise[obs3]; gladden &c. (make cheerful) 836; take, captivate, fascinate; enchant, entrance, enrapture, transport, bewitch; enravish[obs3].
	bless, beatify; satisfy; gratify, desire; &c. 865; slake, satiate, quench; indulge, humor, flatter, tickle; tickle the palate &c. (savory) 394; regale, refresh; enliven; treat; amuse &c. 840; take one's fancy, tickle one's fancy, hit one's fancy; meet one's wishes; win the heart, gladden the heart, rejoice the heart, warm the cockles of the heart; do one's heart good.
	attract, allure &c. (move) 615; stimulate &c. (excite) 824; interest.
	make things pleasant, popularize, gild the pill, sugar-coat the pill, sweeten.
	Adj. causing pleasure &c. v.; laetificant[obs3]; pleasure-giving, pleasing, pleasant, pleasurable; agreeable; grateful, gratifying; leef[obs1], lief, acceptable; welcome, welcome as the roses in May; welcomed; favorite; to one's taste, to one's mind, to one's liking; satisfactory &c. (good) 648.
	refreshing; comfortable; cordial; genial; glad, gladsome; sweet, delectable, nice, dainty; delicate, delicious; dulcet; luscious &c. 396; palatable &c. 394; luxurious, voluptuous; sensual &c. 377.
	[of people]  attractive &c. 615; inviting, prepossessing, engaging; winning, winsome; taking, fascinating, captivating, killing; seducing, seductive; heart-robbing, alluring, enticing; appetizing &c. (exciting) 824; cheering &c. 836; bewitching; enchanting, entrancing, enravishing[obs3].
	charming; delightful, felicitous, exquisite; lovely &c. (beautiful) 845; ravishing, rapturous; heartfelt, thrilling, ecstatic; beatic[obs3]; beatific; seraphic; empyrean; elysian &c. (heavenly) 981.
	palmy, halcyon, Saturnian.
	Phr. decies repetita placebit[Lat]; "charms strike the sight but merit wins the soul" [Pope]; "sweetness and light" [Swift]; beauty is only skin deep.

	#830. [Capability of giving pain; cause or source of pain]. Painfulness. -- N. painfulness &c. adj.; trouble, care &c. (pain) 828; trial; affliction, infliction; blow, stroke, burden, load, curse; bitter pill, bitter draught; waters of bitterness.
	{property_of}} annoyance, grievance, nuisance, vexation, harassment, mortification, sickener[obs3]; bore, bother, pother, hot water, "sea of troubles" [Hamlet], hornet's nest, plague, pest.
	{{has_subtype(illness): cancer, ulcer, sting, thorn; canker &c. (bane) 663}}.
	scorpion &c. (evil doer) 913; dagger &c. (arms) 727; scourge &c. (instrument of punishment) 975; carking care, canker worm of care.
	mishap, misfortune &c. (adversity) 735; desagrement[Fr], esclandre[Fr], rub.
	source of irritation, source of annoyance; wound, open sore; sore subject, skeleton in the closet; thorn in the flesh, thorn in one's side; where the shoe pinches, gall and wormwood.
	sorry sight, heavy news, provocation; affront &c. 929; "head and front of one's offending" [Othello].
	infestation, molestation; malignity &c. (malevolence) 907.
	V. cause pain, occasion pain, give pain, bring pain, induce pain, produce pain, create pain, inflict pain &c. 828; pain, hurt, wound.
	pinch, prick, gripe &c. (physical pain) 378; pierce, lancinate[obs3], cut.
	hurt the feelings, wound the feelings, grate upon the feelings, grate upon the nerves, jar upon the feelings; wring the heart, pierce the heart, lacerate the heart, break the heart, rend the heart; make the heart bleed; tear the heart strings, rend the heart strings; draw tears from the eyes.
	sadden; make unhappy &c. 828; plunge into sorrow, grieve, fash[obs3], afflict, distress; cut up, cut to the heart.
	displease, annoy, incommode, discompose, trouble, disquiet; faze, feaze[obs3], feeze [obs3]; disturb, cross, perplex, molest, tease, tire, irk, vex, mortify, wherret[obs1], worry, plague, bother, pester, bore, pother, harass, harry, badger, heckle, bait, beset, infest, persecute, importune.
	wring, harrow, torment, torture; bullyrag; put to the rack, put to the question; break on the wheel, rack, scarify; cruciate[obs3], crucify; convulse, agonize; barb the dart; plant a dagger in the breast, plant a thorn in one's side.
	irritate, provoke, sting, nettle, try the patience, pique, fret, rile, tweak the nose, chafe, gall; sting to the quick, wound to the quick, cut to the quick; aggrieve, affront, enchafe[obs3], enrage, ruffle, sour the temper; give offense &c. (resentment) 900.
	maltreat, bite, snap at, assail; smite &c. (punish) 972.
	sicken, disgust, revolt, nauseate, disenchant, repel, offend, shock, stink in the nostrils; go against the stomach, turn the stomach; make one sick, set the teeth on edge, go against the grain, grate on the ear; stick in one's throat, stick in one's gizzard; rankle, gnaw, corrode, horrify, appal[obs3], appall, freeze the blood; make the flesh creep, make the hair stand on end; make the blood curdle, make the blood run cold; make one shudder.
	haunt the memory; weigh on the heart, prey on the heart, weigh on the mind, prey on the mind, weigh on the spirits, prey on the spirits; bring one's gray hairs with sorrow to the grave; add a nail to one's coffin.
	Adj. causing pain, hurting &c. v.; hurtful &c. (bad) 649; painful; dolorific[obs3], dolorous; unpleasant; unpleasing, displeasing; disagreeable, unpalatable, bitter, distasteful; uninviting; unwelcome; undesirable, undesired; obnoxious; unacceptable, unpopular, thankless.
	unsatisfactory, untoward, unlucky, uncomfortable.
	distressing; afflicting, afflictive; joyless, cheerless, comfortless; dismal, disheartening; depressing, depressive; dreary, melancholy, grievous, piteous; woeful, rueful, mournful, deplorable, pitiable, lamentable; sad, affecting, touching, pathetic.
	irritating, provoking, stinging, annoying, aggravating, mortifying, galling; unaccommodating, invidious, vexatious; troublesome, tiresome, irksome, wearisome; plaguing, plaguy[obs3]; awkward.
	importunate; teasing, pestering, bothering, harassing, worrying, tormenting, carking.
	intolerable, insufferable, insupportable; unbearable, unendurable; past bearing; not to be borne, not to be endured; more than flesh and blood can bear; enough to drive one mad, enough to provoke a saint, enough to make a parson swear, enough to gag a maggot.
	shocking, terrific, grim, appalling, crushing; dreadful, fearful, frightful; thrilling, tremendous, dire; heart-breaking, heart-rending, heart-wounding, heart-corroding, heart-sickening; harrowing, rending.
	odious, hateful, execrable, repulsive, repellent, abhorrent; horrid, horrible, horrific, horrifying; offensive.
	nauseous, nauseating; disgusting, sickening, revolting; nasty; loathsome, loathful[obs3]; fulsome; vile &c. (bad) 649; hideous &c. 846.
	sharp, acute, sore, severe, grave, hard, harsh, cruel, biting, caustic; cutting, corroding, consuming, racking, excruciating, searching, grinding, grating, agonizing; envenomed; catheretic[obs3], pyrotic[Med].
	ruinous, disastrous, calamitous, tragical; desolating, withering; burdensome, onerous, oppressive; cumbrous, cumbersome.
	Adv. painfully &c. adj.; with pain &c. 828; deuced.
	Int. hinc illae lachrymae[Lat]!
	Phr. surgit amari aliquid[Lat][obs3]; the place being too hot to hold one; the iron entering into the soul; "he jests at scars that never felt a wound" [Romeo and Juliet]; "I must be cruel only to be kind" [Hamlet]; "what deep wounds ever closed without a scar?" [Byron].

	#831. Content. -- N. content, contentment, contentedness; complacency, satisfaction, entire satisfaction, ease, heart's ease, peace of mind; serenity &c. 826; cheerfulness &c. 836; ray of comfort; comfort &c. (well-being) 827.
	reconciliation; resignation &c. (patience) 826.
	[person who is contented] waiter on Providence.
	V. be content &c. adj.; rest satisfied, rest and be thankful; take the good the gods provide, let well alone, let well enough alone, feel oneself at home, hug oneself, lay the flattering unction to one's soul.
	take up with, take in good part; accept, tolerate; consent &c. 762; acquiesce, assent &c. 488; be reconciled to, make one's peace with; get over it; take heart, take comfort; put up with &c. (bear) 826.
	render content &c. adj.; set at ease, comfort; set one's heart at ease, set one's mind at ease, set one's heart at rest, set one's mind at rest; speak peace; conciliate, reconcile, win over, propitiate, disarm, beguile; content, satisfy; gratify &c. 829.
	be tolerated &c. 826; go down, go down well, go down with; do; be OK.
	Adj. content, contented; satisfied &c. v.; at ease, at one's ease, at home; with the mind at ease, sans souci[Fr], sine cura[Lat], easygoing, not particular; conciliatory; unrepining[obs3], of good comfort; resigned &c. (patient) 826; cheerful &c. 836.
	unafflicted, unvexed[obs3], unmolested, unplagued[obs3]; serene &c. 826; at rest, snug, comfortable; in one's element.
	satisfactory, tolerable, good enough, OK, all right, acceptable.
	Adv. contently[obs3], contentedly, to one's heart's content; a la bonne heure[Fr]; all for the best.
	Int. amen &c. (assent) 488; very well, all the better, so much the better, well and good; it will do, that will do; it cannot be helped.
	Phr.  nothing comes amiss.
	"a heart with room for every joy" [Bailey]; ich habe genossen das irdische Gluck ich habe gelebt und geliebet [Ger][Schiller]; "nor cast one longing lingering look behind" [Gray]; "shut up in measureless content" [Macbeth]; "sweet are the thoughts that savor of content" [R. Greene]; "their wants but few their wishes all confined" [Goldsmith]; might as well relax and enjoy it.

<-- disappointment was broken out to R832a, and moved to 
 disappointment  @retrospective affections, M3.3.2.4  -->
	#832. Discontent. -- N. discontent, discontentment; dissatisfaction; dissent &c. 489.
	vexation of spirit, soreness.
	{{similar_to:  worry fear &c. 860}}.
	{{similar_to: anxiety, inquietude, concern, R860a}}.
	[person who is discontented] malcontent, grumbler, growler, croaker, dissident, dissenter, laudator temporis acti[Lat]; censurer, complainer, fault-finder, murmerer[obs3].
	cave of Adullam[obs3], indignation meeting, "winter of our discontent" [Henry VI]; "with what I most enjoy contented least" [Shakespeare].
	V. be discontented &c. adj.; quarrel with one's bread and butter; repine; regret &c. 833; wish one at the bottom of the Red Sea; take on, take to heart; shrug the shoulders; make a wry face, pull a long face; knit one's brows; look blue, look black, look black as thunder, look blank, look glum.
	take in bad part, take ill; fret, chafe, make a piece of work[Fr]; grumble, croak; lament &c. 839.
	cause discontent &c. n.; dissatisfy, disappoint, mortify, put out, disconcert; cut up; dishearten.
	Adj. discontented; dissatisfied &c. v.; unsatisfied, ungratified; dissident; dissentient &c. 489; malcontent,  malcontented, exigent, exacting, hypercritical.
	repining &c. v.; regretful &c. 833; down in the mouth &c. (dejected) 837.
	in high dudgeon, in a fume, in the sulks, in the dumps, in bad humor; glum, sulky; sour as a crab; soured, sore; out of humor, out of temper.
	frustrated (failure) 732.
	Int. so much the worse!
	Phr. that won't do, that will never do, it will never do; curtae nescio quid semper abest rei [Lat][Horace]; ne Jupiter Quidem omnibus placet[Lat][obs3]; "poor in abundance, famished at a feast" [Young].

<--  Part of discontent (disappointment) , regret, relief to retrospective
       emotions M3.3.2.4
		833.	Regret
		834.	Relief				
-->

	#835. Aggravation. -- N. aggravation, worsening, heightening; exacerbation; exasperation; overestimation &c. 482; exaggeration &c. 549.
	V. aggravate, render worse, heighten, embitter, sour; exacerbate; exasperate, envenom; enrage, provoke, tease.
	add fuel to the fire, add fuel to the flame; fan the flame &c. (excite) 824; go from bad to worse &c. (deteriorate) 659.
	Adj. aggravated &c. v.; worse, unrelieved; aggravable[obs3]; aggravating &c. v.
	Adv. out of the frying pan into the fire, from bad to worse, worse and worse.
	Int. so much the worse!

	#836.  Cheerfulness. -- N. cheerfulness &c. adj.; geniality, gayety, l'allegro[Fr], cheer, good humor, spirits; high spirits, animal spirits, flow of spirits; glee, high glee, light heart; sunshine of the mind, sunshine of the breast; gaiete de coeur[Fr], bon naturel[Fr].
	liveliness &c. adj.; life, alacrity, vivacity, animation, allegresse[obs3]; jocundity, joviality, jollity; levity; jocularity &c. (wit) 842.
	mirth, merriment, hilarity, exhilaration; laughter &c. 838; merrymaking &c. (amusement) 840; heyday, rejoicing &c. 838; marriage bell.
	nepenthe, Euphrosyne[obs3], sweet forgetfulness.
	optimism &c. (hopefulness) 858; self complacency; hedonics[obs3], hedonism.
	V. be cheerful &c. adj.; have the mind at ease, smile, put a good face upon, keep up one's spirits; view the bright side of the picture, view things en couleur de rose[Fr]; ridentem dicere virum[Lat], cheer up, brighten up, light up, bear up; chirp, take heart, cast away care, drive dull care away, perk up.
	keep a stiff upper lip.
	rejoice &c. 838; carol, chirrup, lilt; frisk, rollick, give a loose to mirth.
	cheer, enliven, elate, exhilarate, gladden, inspirit, animate, raise the spirits, inspire; perk up; put in good humor; cheer the heart, rejoice the heart; delight &c. (give pleasure) 829.
	Adj. cheerful; happy &c. 827; cheery, cheerly[obs3]; of good cheer, smiling; blithe; in spirits, in good spirits; breezy, bully, chipper [U.S.]; in high spirits, in high feather; happy as the day is long, happy as a king; gay as a lark; allegro; debonair; light, lightsome, light hearted; buoyant, debonnaire, bright, free and easy, airy; janty[obs3], jaunty, canty[obs3]; hedonic[obs3]; riant[obs3]; sprightly, sprightful[obs3]; spry; spirited, spiritful[obs3]; lively, animated, vivacious; brisk as a bee; sparkling, sportive; full of play, full of spirit; all alive.
	sunny, palmy; hopeful &c. 858.
	merry as a cricket, merry as a grig[obs3], merry as a marriage bell; joyful, joyous, jocund, jovial; jolly as a thrush, jolly as a sandboy[obs3]; blithesome; gleeful, gleesome[obs3]; hilarious, rattling.
	winsome, bonny, hearty, buxom.
	playful, playsome[obs3]; folatre[Fr], playful as a kitten, tricksy[obs3], frisky, frolicsome; gamesome; jocose, jocular, waggish; mirth loving, laughter-loving; mirthful, rollicking.
	elate, elated; exulting, jubilant, flushed; rejoicing &c. 838; cock-a-hoop.
	cheering, inspiriting, exhilarating; cardiac, cardiacal[obs3]; pleasing &c. 829; palmy.
	Adv. cheerfully &c. adj.
	Int. never say die! come! cheer up! hurrah! &c. 838; "hence loathed melancholy!" begone dull care! away with melancholy!
	Phr. "a merry heart goes all the day" [A winter's Tale]; "as merry as the day is long" [Much Ado]; ride si sapis [Lat][Martial].

	#837. Dejection. -- N. dejection; dejectedness &c. adj.; depression, prosternation[obs1]; lowness of spirits, depression of spirits; weight on the spirits, oppression on the spirits, damp on the spirits; low spirits, bad spirits, drooping spirits, depressed spirits; heart sinking; heaviness of heart, failure of heart.
	heaviness &c. adj.; infestivity[obs3], gloom; weariness &c. 841; taedium vitae, disgust of life; mal du pays  &c. (regret) 833; anhedonia[obs3].
	melancholy; sadness &c. adj.; il penseroso[It], melancholia, dismals[obs3], blues, lachrymals[obs3], mumps[obs3], dumps, blue devils, doldrums; vapors, megrims, spleen, horrors, hypochondriasis[Med], pessimism; la maladie sans maladie [Fr]; despondency, slough of Despond; disconsolateness &c. adj.; hope deferred, blank despondency; voiceless woe.
	prostration of soul; broken heart; despair &c. 859; cave of despair, cave of Trophonius
	demureness &c. adj.; gravity, solemnity; long face, grave face.
	hypochondriac, seek sorrow, self-tormentor, heautontimorumenos[obs3], malade imaginaire[Fr], medecin tant pis[Fr]; croaker, pessimist; mope, mopus[obs3].
	 affliction &c. 830[Cause of dejection]; sorry sight; memento mori[Lat]; damper, wet blanket, Job's comforter.
	V. be dejected &c. adj.; grieve; mourn &c. (lament) 839; take on, give way, lose heart, despond, droop, sink.
	lower, look downcast, frown, pout; hang down the head; pull a long face, make a long face; laugh on the wrong side of the mouth; grin a ghastly smile; look blue, look like a drowned man; lay to heart, take to heart.
	mope, brood over; fret; sulk; pine, pine away; yearn; repine &c. (regret) 833; despair &c. 859.
	refrain from laughter, keep one's countenance; be grave, look grave &c. adj.; repress a smile.
	depress; discourage, dishearten; dispirit; damp, dull, deject, lower, sink, dash, knock down, unman, prostrate, break one's heart; frown upon; cast a gloom, cast a shade on; sadden; damp one's hopes, dash one's hopes, wither one's hopes; weigh on the mind, lie heavy on the mind, prey on the mind, weigh on the spirits, lie heavy on the spirits, prey on the spirits; damp the spirits, depress the spirits.
	Adj. cheerless, joyless, spiritless; uncheerful, uncheery[obs3]; unlively[obs3]; unhappy &c. 828; melancholy, dismal, somber, dark, gloomy, triste[Fr], clouded, murky, lowering, frowning, lugubrious, funereal, mournful, lamentable, dreadful.
	dreary, flat; dull, dull as a beetle, dull as ditchwater[obs3]; depressing &c. v.
	"melancholy as a gib cat"; oppressed with melancholy, a prey to melancholy; downcast, downhearted; down in the mouth, down in one;s luck; heavy-hearted; in the dumps, down in the dumps, in the suds, in the sulks, in the doldrums; in doleful dumps, in bad humor; sullen; mumpish[obs3], dumpish, mopish[obs3], moping; moody, glum; sulky &c. (discontented) 832; out of sorts, out of humor, out of heart, out of spirits; ill at ease, low spirited, in low spirits, a cup too low; weary &c. 841; discouraged, disheartened; desponding; chapfallen[obs3], chopfallen[obs3], jaw fallen, crest fallen.
	sad, pensive, penseroso[It], tristful[obs3]; dolesome[obs3], doleful; woebegone; lacrymose, lachrymose, in tears, melancholic, hypped[obs3], hypochondriacal, bilious, jaundiced, atrabilious[obs3], saturnine, splenetic; lackadaisical.
	serious, sedate, staid, stayed; grave as a judge, grave as an undertaker, grave as a mustard pot; sober, sober as a judge, solemn, demure; grim; grim-faced, grim-visaged; rueful, wan, long-faced.
	disconsolate; unconsolable, inconsolable; forlorn, comfortless, desolate, desole[Fr], sick at heart; soul sick, heart sick; au desespoir[Fr]; in despair &c. 859; lost.
	overcome; broken down, borne down, bowed down; heartstricken &c (mental suffering) 828[obs3]; cut up, dashed, sunk; unnerved, unmanned; down fallen, downtrodden; broken‑hearted; careworn.
	Adv. with a long face, with tears in one's eyes; sadly &c. adj.
	Phr. the countenance falling; the heart failing, the heart sinking within one; "a plague of sighing and grief" [Henry IV]; " thick-ey'd musing and curs'd melancholy" [Henry IV]; " the sickening pang of hope deferred" [Scott].

	#838. [Expression of pleasure.] Rejoicing. -- N. rejoicing, exultation, triumph, jubilation, heyday, flush, revelling; merrymaking &c. (amusement) 840; jubilee &c. (celebration) 883; paean, Te Deum &c. (thanksgiving) 990[Lat]; congratulation &c. 896.
	smile, simper, smirk, grin; broad grin, sardonic grin.
	laughter (amusement) 840.
	risibility; derision &c. 856.
	Momus; Democritus the Abderite[obs3]; rollicker[obs3].
	V. rejoice, thank one's stars, bless one's stars; congratulate oneself, hug oneself; rub one's hands, clap one's hands; smack the lips, fling up one's cap; dance, skip; sing, carol, chirrup, chirp; hurrah; cry for joy, jump for joy, leap with joy; exult &c. (boast) 884; triumph; hold jubilee &c. (celebrate) 883; make merry &c. (sport) 840.
	laugh, raise laughter &c. (amuse) 840.
	Adj. rejoicing &c. v.; jubilant, exultant, triumphant; flushed, elated, pleased, delighted, tickled pink.
	amused &c. 840; cheerful &c. 836.
	laughable &c. (ludicrous) 853.
	Int. hurrah! Huzza! aha[obs3]! hail! tolderolloll[obs3]! Heaven be praised! io triumphe[obs3]! tant mieux[Fr]! so much the better.
	Phr. the heart leaping with joy; ce n'est pas etre bien aise que de rire[Fr]; "Laughter holding both his sides" [Milton]; " le roi est mort, vive le roi "; "with his eyes in flood with laughter" [Cymbeline].

	#839. [Expression of pain.] Lamentation. -- N. lament, lamentation; wail, complaint, plaint, murmur, mutter, grumble, groan, moan, whine, whimper, sob, sigh, suspiration, heaving, deep sigh.
	cry &c. (vociferation) 411; scream, howl; outcry, wail of woe, ululation; frown, scowl.
	tear; weeping &c. v.; flood of tears, fit of crying, lacrimation, lachrymation[obs3], melting mood, weeping and gnashing of teeth.
	plaintiveness &c. adj.; languishment[obs3]; condolence &c. 915.
	mourning, weeds, willow, cypress, crape, deep mourning; sackcloth and ashes; lachrymatory[obs3]; knell &c. 363; deep death song, dirge, coronach[obs3], nenia[obs3], requiem, elegy, epicedium[obs3]; threne[obs3]; monody, threnody; jeremiad, jeremiade[obs2]; ullalulla[obs3].
	mourner; grumbler &c. (discontent) 832; Noobe; Heraclitus.
	V. lament, mourn, deplore, grieve, weep over; bewail, bemoan; condole with &c. 915; fret &c. (suffer) 828; wear mourning, go into mourning, put on mourning; wear the willow, wear sackcloth and ashes; infandum renovare dolorem  &c. (regret) 833[Lat][Vergil]; give sorrow words.
	sigh; give a sigh, heave, fetch a sigh; "waft a sigh from Indus to the pole" [Pope]; sigh "like a furnace" [As you Like It]; wail.
	cry, weep, sob, greet, blubber, pipe, snivel, bibber[obs3], whimper, pule; pipe one's eye; drop tears, shed tears, drop a tear, shed a tear; melt into tears, burst into tears; fondre en larmes[Fr]; cry oneself blind, cry one's eyes out; yammer.
	scream &c. (cry out) 411; mew &c. (animal sounds) 412; groan, moan, whine; roar; roar like a bull, bellow like a bull; cry out lustily, rend the air.
	frown, scowl, make a wry face, gnash one's teeth, wring one's hands, tear one's hair, beat one's breast, roll on the ground, burst with grief.
	complain, murmur, mutter, grumble, growl, clamor, make a fuss about, croak, grunt, maunder; deprecate &c. (disapprove) 932.
	cry out before one is hurt, complain without cause.
	Adj. lamenting &c. v.; in mourning, in sackcloth and ashes; sorrowing, sorrowful &c. (unhappy) 828; mournful, tearful; lachrymose; plaintive, plaintful[obs3]; querulous, querimonious[obs3]; in the melting mood; threnetic[obs3].
	in tears, with tears in one's eyes; with moistened eyes, with watery eyes; bathed in tears, dissolved in tears; "like Niobe all tears" [Hamlet].
	elegiac, epicedial[obs3].
	Adv. de profundis[Lat]; les larmes aux yeux[Fr].
	Int.  heigh-ho! alas! alack[obs3]! O dear! ah me! woe is me! lackadaisy[obs3]! well a day! lack a day! alack a day[obs3]! wellaway[obs3]! alas the day! O tempora O mores[obs3]! what a pity! miserabile dictu[Lat]! O lud lud[obs3]! too true!
	Phr. tears standing in the eyes, tears starting from the eyes; eyes suffused, eyes swimming, eyes brimming, eyes overflowing with tears; "if you have tears prepare to shed them now" [Julius Caesar]; interdum lacrymae pondera vocis habent [Lat][Ovid]; "strangled his language in his tears" [Henry VIII]; "tears such as angels weep" [Paradise Lost].

<-- separate out entertainers which do not have their own entry,
   e.g. musician.  Need singer, dancer, comedian = wit  -->
	#840. Amusement. -- N. amusement, entertainment, recreation, fun, game, fun and games; diversion, divertissement; reaction, solace; pastime, passetemps[Fr], sport; labor of love; pleasure &c. 827.
	relaxation; leisure &c. 685. 
	fun, frolic, merriment, jollity; joviality, jovialness[obs3]; heyday; laughter &c. 838; jocosity, jocoseness[obs3]; drollery, buffoonery, tomfoolery; mummery, pleasantry; wit &c. 842; quip, quirk.
	{{MANIFESTATION(amusement)}}[verbal expressions of amusement: list] giggle, titter, snigger, snicker, crow, cheer, chuckle, shout; horse laugh, belly laugh, hearty laugh; guffaw; burst of laughter, fit of laughter, shout of laughter, roar of laughter, peal of laughter; cachinnation[obs3]; Kentish fire; tiger[obs2].
	play; game, game at romps; gambol, romp, prank, antic, rig, lark, spree, skylarking, vagary, monkey trick, gambade, fredaine[obs3], escapade, echappee[Fr], bout, espieglerie[Fr]; practical joke &c. (ridicule) 856.
	dance; hop, reel, rigadoon[obs3], saraband[obs3], hornpipe, bolero, ballroom dance;   minuet[ballroom dances: list], waltz, polka, fox trot, tango, samba, rhumba, twist, stroll, hustle, cha-cha; fandango, cancan; bayadere[obs3]; breakdown, cake-walk, cornwallis [U.S.], break dancing; nautch-girl; shindig* [U.S.]; skirtdance[obs3], stag dance, Virginia reel, square dance; galop[obs3], galopade[obs3]; jig, Irish jig, fling, strathspey[obs3]; allemande[Fr]; gavot[obs3], gavotte, tarantella; mazurka, morisco[obs1], morris dance; quadrille; country dance, folk dance;  cotillon, Sir Roger de Coverley; ballet &c. (drama) 599; ball; bal, bal masque, bal costume; masquerade; Terpsichore.
	festivity, merrymaking; party &c. (social gathering) 892; blowout [U.S.], hullabaloo, hoedown, bat* [U.S.], bum* [U.S.], bust*, clambake [U.S.], donation party [U.S.], fish fry [U.S.], jamboree*, kantikoy[obs3], nautch[obs3], randy, squantum [obs3][U.S.], tear *, Turnerfest[obs3], yule log; fete, festival, gala, ridotto[obs3]; revels, revelry, reveling; carnival, brawl, saturnalia, high jinks; feast, banquet &c. (food) 298; regale, symposium, wassail; carouse, carousal;  jollification, junket, wake, Irish wake, picnic, fete champetre[Fr], regatta, field day; treat.
	round of pleasures, dissipation, a short life and a merry one, racketing, holiday making.
	rejoicing &c. 838; jubilee &c. (celebration) 883.
	bonfire, fireworks, feu-de-joie, firecracker.
	holiday; gala day, red letter day, play day; high days and holidays; high holiday, Bank holiday; May day, Derby day; Saint Monday, Easter Monday, Whit Monday; Bairam[obs3]; wayz-goos[obs3], bean feast; Arbor Day, Declaration Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Memorial Day, Thanksgiving Day; Mardi gras[Fr],mi-careme[Fr], feria[Lat], fiesta.
	place of amusement, theater; hall, concert room, ballroom, assemblyroom[obs3]; music hall.
	park, plaisance[obs3]; national park, national forest, state park, county park, city park, vest-pocket park, public park (public) 737a; arbor; garden &c. (horticulture) 371; pleasure ground, playground, cricketground, croquet ground, archery ground, hunting ground; tennis court, racket court; bowling alley, green alley; croquet lawn, rink, glaciarum[obs3], skating rink; roundabout, merry-go-round; swing; montagne Russe[Fr].
	game of chance, game of skill.
	athletic sports, gymnastics; archery, rifle shooting; tournament, pugilism &c. (contention) 720; sports &c. 622; horse racing, the turf; aquatics &c. 267; skating, sliding; cricket, tennis, lawn tennis; hockey, football, baseball, soccer, ice hockey, basketball; rackets, fives, trap bat and ball, battledore and shuttlecock, la grace; pall-mall, tipcat[obs3], croquet, golf, curling, pallone[obs3], polo, water polo; tent pegging; tilting at the ring, quintain[obs3][medeival];, greasy pole; quoits, horseshoes, discus; rounders, lacrosse; tobogganing, water polo; knurr and spell[obs3].
	[childrens' games] leapfrog, hop skip and jump; mother may I; French and English, tug of war; blindman's bluff, hunt the slopper[obs3], hide and seek, kiss in the ring; snapdragon; cross questions and crooked answers.; crisscross, hopscotch; jacks, jackstones[obs3], marbles; mumblety-peg, mumble-the-peg, pushball, shinney, shinny, tag &c.
	billiards, pool, pingpong, pyramids, bagatelle; bowls, skittles, ninepins, kain[obs3], American bowls[obs3]; tenpins [U.S.], tivoli.
	cards, card games; whist, rubber;  round game; loo, cribbage, besique[obs3], euchre, drole[obs3], ecarte[Fr], picquet[obs3], allfours[obs3], quadrille, omber, reverse, Pope Joan, commit; boston, boaston[obs3]; blackjack, twenty-one,  vingtun[Fr]; quinze[Fr], thirty-one, put, speculation, connections, brag, cassino[obs3], lottery, commerce, snip-snap-snoren[obs3], lift smoke, blind hookey, Polish bank, Earl of Coventry, Napoleon, patience, pairs; banker; blind poker, draw poker, straight poker, stud poker; bluff, bridge, bridge whist; lotto, monte, three-card monte, nap, penny-ante, poker, reversis[obs3], squeezers, old maid, fright, beggar-my-neighbor; baccarat.
	[cards: list] ace, king, queen, knave, jack, ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, trey, deuce; joker; trump, wild card.
	[card suits: list] spades, hearts, clubs, diamonds; major suit, minor suit.
	bower; right bower, left bower; dummy; jackpot; deck.
	[hands at poker: list] pair, two pair, three of a kind, straight, flush, full-house, four of a kind, royal flush; misere[Lat] &c.
	[board games: list] chess, draughts, checkers, checquers, backgammon, dominos, merelles[obs3], nine men's morris, go bang, solitaire; game of fox and goose; monopoly; loto &c.
	[word games: list] scrabble, scribbage, boggle, crossword puzzle, hangman.
	morra[obs3]; gambling &c. (chance) 621.
	toy, plaything, bauble; doll &c. (puppet ) 554; teetotum[obs3]; knickknack &c. (trifle) 643; magic lantern &c. (show) 448; peep show, puppet show, raree show, gallanty show[obs3]; toy shop; "quips and cranks and wanton wiles, nods and becks and wreathed smiles" [Milton].
	entertainer, showman, showgirl; dancer, tap dancer, song-and-dance man; vaudeville act;  singer; musician &c. 416.
	sportsman, gamester, reveler; master of ceremonies, master of revels; pompom girl[obs3]; arbiter elegantiarum[Lat]; arbiter bibendi[Lat], archer, fan [U.S.], toxophilite[obs3], turfman[obs3].
	V. amuse, entertain, divert, enliven; tickle the fancy; titillate, raise a smile, put in good humor; cause laughter, create laughter, occasion laughter, raise laughter, excite laughter, produce laughter, convulse with laughter; set the table in a roar, be the death of one.
	recreate, solace, cheer, rejoice; please &c. 829; interest; treat, regale.
	amuse oneself, game; play a game, play pranks, play tricks; sport, disport, toy, wanton, revel, junket, feast, carouse, banquet, make merry, drown care; drive dull care away; frolic, gambol, frisk, romp; caper; dance &c. (leap) 309; keep up the ball; run a rig, sow one's wild oats, have one's fling, take one's pleasure; paint the town red*; see life; desipere in loco[Lat], play the fool.
	make holiday, keep holiday; go a Maying.
	while away the time, beguile the time; kill time, dally.
	smile, simper, smirk; grin, grin like a Cheshire cat; mock, laugh in one's sleeve; laugh, laugh outright; giggle, titter, snigger, crow, snicker, chuckle, cackle; burst out, burst into a fit of laughter; shout, split, roar.
	shake one's sides, split one's sides, hold both one's sides; roar with laughter, die with laughter.
	Adj. amusing, entertaining, diverting &c. v.; recreational, recreative, lusory[obs3]; pleasant &c. (pleasing) 829; laughable &c. (ludicrous) 853; witty &c. 842; fun, festive, festal; jovial, jolly, jocund, roguish, rompish[obs3]; playful, playful as a kitten; sportive, ludibrious[obs1].
	funny; very funny, hilarious, uproarious, side-splitting.
	amused &c. v.; "pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw" [Pope]; laughing &c. v. ; risible; ready to burst, ready to split, ready to die with laughter; convulsed with laughter, rolling in the aisles.
	Adv. "on the light fantastic toe" [Milton], at play, in sport.
	Int. vive la bagatelle[Fr]! vogue la galere[Fr]!
	Phr. deus nobis haec otia fecit[Lat]; dum vivimus vivamus[Lat]; dulce est desipere in loco [Lat][Horace]; "(every room) hath blazed with lights and brayed with minstrelsy" [Timon of Athens]; misce stullitiam consiliis brevem [Lat][Horace].

	#841. Weariness. -- N. weariness, defatigation[obs1]; lassitude &c. (fatigue) 688; drowsiness &c. 683.
	disgust, nausea, loathing, sickness; satiety &c. 869; taedium vitae &c. (dejection) 837; boredom, ennui.
	wearisomeness, tediousness &c. adj.; dull work, tedium, monotony, twice-told tale.
	bore, buttonholer, proser[obs3], wet blanket; pill*, stiff*; heavy hours, "the enemy" [time].
	V. weary; tire &c. (fatigue) 688; bore; bore to death, weary to death, tire to death, bore out of one's skull, bore out of one's life, weary out of one's life, tire out of one's life, bore out of all patience, weary out of all patience, wear out one's patience, tire out of all patience; set to sleep, send to sleep; buttonhole.
	pall, sicken, nauseate, disgust.
	harp on the same string; drag its slow length along, drag its weary length along.
	never hear the last of; be tired of, be sick of, be tired with &c. adj.; yawn; die with ennui.
	[of journalistic articles] MEGO, my eyes glaze over.
	Adj. wearying &c. v.; wearing; wearisome, tiresome, irksome; uninteresting, stupid, bald, devoid of interest, dry, monotonous, dull, arid, tedious, humdrum, mortal, flat; prosy, prosing; slow, soporific, somniferous.
	disgusting &c. v.; unenjoyed[obs3].
	weary, tired &c. v.; drowsy &c. (sleepy) 683; uninterested, flagging, used up, worn out, blase, life-weary, weary of life; sick of.
	Adv. wearily &c. adj.; usque ad nauseam[Lat].
	Phr. time hanging heavily on one's hands; toujours perdrix[Fr]; crambe repetita[Lat][obs3].

	#842. Wit. -- N. wit, humor, wittiness; sense of humor; attic wit, attic salt; atticism[obs3]; salt, esprit, point, fancy, whim, drollery, pleasantry.
	farce, buffoonery, fooling, tomfoolery; shenanigan [U.S.], harlequinade &c. 599[obs3]; broad farce, broad humor; fun, espieglerie[Fr]; vis comica[Lat].
	jocularity; jocosity, jocoseness[obs3]; facetiousness; waggery, waggishness; whimsicality; comicality &c. 853.
	banter, badinage, retort, repartee, smartness, ready wit, quid-pro-quo; ridicule &c. 856.
	jest, joke, jape, jibe; facetiae[Lat], levity, quips and cranks; capital joke; canorae nugae[Lat]; standing jest, standing joke, private joke, conceit, quip, quirk, crank, quiddity, concetto[obs3], plaisanterie[Fr], brilliant idea; merry thought, bright thought, happy thought; sally; flash of wit, flash of merriment; scint deformity; adactylism[obs3]; flaw, defect &c. (imperfection) 651 ; injury &c. (deterioration) 659; spot t book; dry joke, quodlibet, cream of the  jest.
	word-play, jeu de mots[Fr]; play of words, play upon words; pun, punning; double entente, double entendre &c. (ambiguity) 520[Fr]; quibble, verbal quibble; conundrum &c. (riddle) 533; anagram, acrostic, double acrostic, trifling, idle conceit, turlupinade[obs1].
	old joke, tired joke, flat joke, Joe Miller[obs2].
	V. joke, jest, crack a joke, make a joke, jape, cut jokes; perpetrate a joke; pun, perpetrate a pun; make fun of, make merry with; kid, kid around, fool around; set the table in a roar &c. (amuse) 840.
	retort; banter &c. (ridicule) 856; ridentem dicere verum[Lat]; joke at one's expense.
	take in jest.
	[make a joke which is not funny] bomb, fall flat.
	Adj. witty, attic; quick-witted, nimble-witted; smart; jocular, jocose, humorous; facetious, waggish, whimsical; kidding, joking, puckish; playful &c. 840; merry and wise; pleasant, sprightly, light,  spirituel[obs3], sparkling, epigrammatic, full of point, ben trovato[It]; comic &c. 853.
	zany, madcap.
	funny, amusing &c. (amusement) 840.
	Adv. jokingly, in joke, in jest, in sport, in play.
	Phr. adhibenda est in jocando moderatio[Lat][obs3]; "gentle dullness ever loves a joke" [Pope]; "leave this keen encounter of our wits" [Richard III]; just joking, just kidding; "surely you jest!".

	#843.  Dullness. -- N. dullness, heaviness, flatness; infestivity [obs3] &c. 837, stupidity &c. 499; want of originality; dearth of ideas.
	prose, matter of fact; heavy book, conte a dormir debout[Fr]; platitude.
	V. be dull &c. adj.; prose, take au serieux[Fr], be caught napping.
	render dull &c. adj.; damp, depress, throw cold water on, lay a wet blanket on; fall flat upon the ear.
	no joke, serious matter (importance) 642.
	Adj. dull, dull as ditch water; unentertaining, uninteresting, flat, dry as dust; unfunny, unlively[obs3], logy [U.S.]; unimaginative; insulse[obs3]; dry as dust; prosy, prosing, prosaic; matter of fact, commonplace, pedestrian, pointless; "weary stale flat and unprofitable" [Hamlet].
	stupid, slow, flat, insipid, vapid,  humdrum, monotonous; melancholic &c. 837; stolid &c. 499; plodding.
	boring, tiresome, tedious &c. 841.
	Phr. davus sum non Aedipus[obs3]; deadly dull and boring, DDB[abbr].

<--  R844 humorist moved to person who ...  P2.3.2.3.2.5.29 
.. -->

M3.3.2.1.2   DISCRIMINATIVE  AFFECTIONS  R845 to R857  
			  [[judgments]]
<--  This section contains judgmental emotions regarding objects.
   judgmental emotions regarding people are under M3.3.3.1.2,
   Moral judgments, R928 to R938

   	845.	Beauty					846.	Ugliness
  Note: R847.	Ornament to P2.3.1.3.6  Art
									848.	Blemish
									849.	Simplicity
		850.	Taste					851.	Vulgarity
		852.	Fashion
									853.	Ridiculousness
   Note: R854.	Fop  to P2.3.2.3.2.4.13  (character  )
									855.	Affectation
									856.	Ridicule
    Note: R857.	Laughingstock  to P2.3.2.3.2.4.14 (character)
-->
M3.3.2.1.2.1   judgmental emotionS regarding objects R845 to R857   [[beauty]] 
	#845. Beauty. -- N. beauty, the beautiful, <gr/to kalon/gr>[Grk],  le beau ideal.
	[Science of the perception of beauty] aesthetics, callaesthetics[obs2].
	{[of(person)]} pulchritude, form elegance, grace, beauty unadorned, natural beauty; symmetry &c. 242; comeliness, fairness &c. adj.; polish, gloss; good effect, good looks; belle tournure[obs3]; trigness[obs3]; bloom, brilliancy, radiance, splendor, gorgeousness, magnificence; sublimity, sublimification[obs1].
	concinnity[obs3], delicacy, refinement; charm, je ne sais quoi[Fr], style.
	{{property_of}} Venus, Aphrodite[obs3], Hebe, the Graces, Peri, Houri, Cupid, Apollo[obs3], Hyperion, Adonis[obs3], Antionous[obs3], Narcissus.
	{{property_of}} peacock, butterfly; garden; flower of, pink of; bijou; jewel &c. (ornament) 847; work of art.
	{{has_factor}} shapeliness, finish; proportion, eurythmy[obs3].
	{{property_of: flower, @P2.3.2.4.1}}.
	pleasurableness &c.  829.
	beautifying; landscaping, landscape gardening; decoration &c. 847; calisthenics[obs2].
	[person who is beautiful] beauty; hunk [of men].
	V. be beautiful &c. adj.; shine, beam, bloom; become one &c. (accord) 23; set off, grace.
	render beautiful &c. adj.; beautify; polish, burnish; gild &c. (decorate) 847; set out.
	"snatch a grace beyond the reach of art" [Pope].
	Adj. beautiful, beauteous; handsome; gorgeous; pretty; lovely, graceful, elegant, prepossessing; attractive &c. (inviting) 615; delicate, dainty, refined; fair, personable, comely, seemly; bonny [Scottish]; good-looking; well-favored, well-made, well-formed, well-proportioned; proper, shapely; symmetrical &c. (regular) 242; harmonious &c. (color) 428; sightly.
	fit to be seen, passable, not amiss.
	goodly, dapper, tight, jimp[obs3]; gimp; janty[obs3], jaunty; trig, natty, quaint, trim, tidy,neat, spruce, smart, tricksy[obs3].
	bright, bright eyed; rosy cheeked, cherry cheeked; rosy, ruddy; blooming, in full bloom.
	brilliant, shining; beamy[obs3], beaming; sparkling, splendid, resplendent, dazzling, glowing; glossy, sleek.
	rich, superb, magnificent, grand, fine, sublime, showy, specious.
	artistic, artistical[obs3]; aesthetic; picturesque, pictorial; fait a peindre[Fr]; well-composed, well grouped, well varied; curious.
	enchanting &c. (pleasure-giving) 829;  becoming &c. (accordant) 23; ornamental &c. 847.
	undeformed, undefaced, unspotted; spotless &c. (perfect) 650.
	Phr. auxilium non leve vultus habet [Lat][Ovid]; "beauty born of murmuring sound" [Wordsworth]; "flowers preach to us if we will hear" [C.G. Rossetti]; gratior ac pulchro veniens in corpore virtus [Lat][Vergil]; "none but the brave deserve the fair" [Dryden]; "thou who hast the fatal gift of beauty" [Byron].

	#846. Ugliness. -- N. ugliness &c. adj.; deformity, inelegance; acomia[obs3]; disfigurement &c. (blemish) 848; want of symmetry, inconcinnity[obs3]; distortion &c. 243; squalor &c. (uncleanness) 653.
	forbidding countenance, vinegar aspect, hanging look, wry face, "spretae injuria formae" [Vergil].
	[person who is ugly] eyesore, object, witch, hag, figure, sight, fright; monster; dog[coll.], woofer[coll.], pig[coll.]; octopus, specter, scarecrow, harridan[obs2], satyr[obs2],  toad, monkey, baboon, Caliban, Aesop[obs3], "monstrum horrendum informe ingens cui lumen ademptum" [Latin][Vergil].
	V. be ugly &c. adj.; look ill, grin horribly a ghastly smile, make faces.
	render ugly &c. adj.; deface; disfigure, defigure[obs1]; distort &c. 23; blemish &c. (injure) 659; soil &c. (render unclean) 653.
	Adj. ugly, ugly as sin, ugly as a toad, ugly as a scarecrow, ugly as a dead monkey; plain, bald (unadorned) 849; homely ; ordinary, unornamental[obs3], inartistic; unsightly, unseemly, uncomely, unlovely; unshapely; sightless, seemless[obs3]; not fit to be seen; unbeauteous[obs3], unbeautiful; beautiless[obs3], semibeautiful; shapeless &c. (amorphous) 241.
	misshapen, misproportioned[obs3]; monstrous; gaunt &c. (thin) 203; dumpy &c. (short) 201; curtailed of its fair proportions; ill-made, ill-shaped, ill-proportioned; crooked &c. (distorted) 243; hard featured, hard visaged; ill-favored, hard-favored, evil-favored; ill-looking; unprepossessing, unattractive, uninviting, unpleasing.
	graceless, inelegant; ungraceful, ungainly, uncouth, stiff; rugged, rough, gross, rude, awkward, clumsy, slouching, rickety; gawky; lumping, lumpish[obs3]; lumbering; hulky[obs3], hulking; unwieldy.
	squalid, haggard; grim, grim faced, grim visaged; grisly, ghastly; ghost like, death like; cadaverous, grewsome[obs3], gruesome.
	frightful, hideous, odious, uncanny, forbidding; repellant, repulsive, repugnant, grotesque, bizarre; grody [coll.], grody to the max [coll.]; horrid, horrible; shocking &c. (painful) 830.
	foul &c. (dirty) 653; dingy &c. (colorless) 429; gaudy &c. (color) 428; disfigured &c. v.; discolored.

<-- R847 Ornament and R847a Jewelry to P2.3.1.3.6  Art  -->

	#848. Blemish. -- N. blemish, disfigurement, deformity; adactylism[obs3]; flaw, defect &c. (imperfection) 651 ; injury &c. (deterioration) 659; spots on the sun[obs2]; eyesore.
	stain, blot; spot, spottiness; speck, speckle, blur.
	tarnish, smudge; dirt &c. 653.
	[blemish on a person's skin: list] freckle, mole, macula[Anat], patch, blotch, birthmark; blobber lip[obs3], blubber lip; blain[obs3], maculation; scar, wem[obs1]; pustule; whelk; excrescence, pimple &c. (protuberance) 250.
	V. disfigure &c. (injure) 659; speckle.
	Adj. pitted, freckled, discolored; imperfect &c. 651; blobber-lipped, bloodshot; injured &c. (deteriorated) 659.

	#849. Simplicity. -- N. simplicity; plainness, homeliness; undress, chastity.
	V.  be simple &c. adj.
	render simple &c. adj.; simplify, uncomplicate.
	Adj. simple, plain; homely, homespun; ordinary, household.
	unaffected; ingenuous, sincere (artless) 703; free from affectation, free from ornament; simplex munditiis [Lat][Horace]; sans facon[Fr], en deshabille[Fr].
	chaste, inornate[obs3], severe.
	unadorned, bare, unornamented, undecked[obs3], ungarnished, unarranged[obs3], untrimmed, unvarnished.
	bald, flat, dull.
	Phr. veritatis simplex oratio est[Lat].

	#850. [Good taste.] Taste. -- N. taste; good taste, refined taste, cultivated taste; delicacy, refinement, fine feeling, gust, gusto, tact, finesse; <gr/to prepon/gr>.
	{{simiar_to: nicety &c. (discrimination) R465}}.
	polish, elegance, grace.
	judgment, discernment &c. 465.
	dilettantism, dilettanteism; virtu; fine art; culture, cultivation.
	[Science of taste] aesthetics.
	man of taste &c. ; connoisseur, judge, critic, conoscente, virtuoso, amateur, dilettante, Aristarchus[obs3], Corinthian, arbiter elegantiarum[Lat], stagirite[obs3], euphemist.
	"caviare to the general" [Hamlet].
	{{similar_to: Fastidiousness, R868}}.
	V. appreciate, judge, criticise, discriminate &c. 465
	Adj. in good taste, cute, tasteful, tasty; unaffected, pure, chaste, classical, attic; cultivated, refined; dainty; esthetic, aesthetic, artistic; elegant &c. 578; euphemistic.
	to one's taste, to one's mind; after one's fancy; comme il faut[Fr]; tire a quatre epingles[Fr].
	Adv. elegantly &c. adj.
	Phr. nihil tetigit quod non ornavit [Lat][from Johnson's epitaph on Goldsmith]; chacun a son gout[Fr]; oculi pictura tenentur aures cantibus [Lat][Cicero].

	#851. [Bad taste.] Vulgarity. -- N. vulgarity, vulgarism; barbarism, Vandalism, Gothicism[obs2]; mauvis gout[Fr], bad taste; gaucherie, awkwardness, want of tact; ill-breeding &c. (discourtesy) 895.
	courseness &c. adj[obs3].; indecorum, misbehavior.
	lowness, homeliness; low life, mauvais ton[Fr], rusticity; boorishness &c. adj.; brutality; rowdyism, blackguardism[obs3]; ribaldry; slang &c. (neology) 563.
	bad joke, mauvais plaisanterie[Fr].
	[Excess of ornament] gaudiness, tawdriness; false ornament; finery, frippery, trickery, tinsel, gewgaw, clinquant[obs3]; baroque, rococo.
	rough diamond, tomboy, hoyden, cub, unlicked cub[obs3]; clown &c. (commonalty) 876; Goth, Vandal, Boeotian; snob, cad, gent; parvenu &c. 876; frump, dowdy; slattern &c. 653.
	V. be vulgar &c. adj.; misbehave; talk shop, smell of the shop.
	Adj. in bad taste vulgar, unrefined.
	coarse, indecorous, ribald, gross; unseemly, unbeseeming[obs3], unpresentable[obs3]; contra bonos mores[Lat]; ungraceful &c. (ugly) 846.
	dowdy; slovenly &c. (dirty) 653; ungenteel, shabby genteel; low, common, hoi polloi &c. (plebeian) 876[Grk][Grk]; uncourtly[obs3]; uncivil &c. (discourteous) 895; ill bred, ill mannered; underbred; ungentlemanly, ungentlemanlike; unladylike, unfeminine; wild, wild as an unbacked colt.
	untutored, unschooled (ignorant) 491.
	unkempt. uncombed, untamed, unlicked[obs3], unpolished, uncouth; plebeian; incondite[obs3]; heavy, rude, awkward; homely, homespun, home bred; provincial, countrified, rustic; boorish, clownish; savage, brutish, blackguard, rowdy, snobbish; barbarous, barbaric; Gothic, unclassical[obs3], doggerel, heathenish, tramontane, outlandish; uncultivated; Bohemian.
	obsolete &c. (antiquated) 124; unfashionable ; newfangled &c. (unfamiliar) 83; odd &c. (ridiculous) 853.
	particular; affected &c. 855; meretricious; extravagant, monstrous, horrid; shocking &c. (painful) 830.
	gaudy, tawdry, overornamented, baroque, rococo; bedizened, tricked out, gingerbread; obtrusive.

	#852. Fashion. -- N. fashion, style, ton, bon ton[obs2], society; good society, polite society; monde[Fr]; drawing-room, civilized life, civilization, town, beau monde[Fr], high life, court; world; fashionable world, gay world; Vanity Fair; show &c. (ostentation) 822.
	manners, breeding &c. (politeness) 894; air, demeanor &c. (appearance) 448; savoir faire[Fr]; gentlemanliness[obs3], gentility, decorum, propriety, bienseance[Fr]; conventions of society; Mrs. Grundy; punctilio; form, formality; etiquette, point of etiquette; dress &c. 225.
	custom &c. 613; mode, vogue, go; rage &c. (desire) 865; prevailing taste; fad, trend, bandwagon, furore[obs3], thing, in thing, craze, chic, last word.
	man of fashion, woman of fashion, man of the world, woman of the world; height of fashion, pink of fashion, star of fashion, glass of fashion, leader of fashion; arbiter elegantiarum &c. (taste) 850[Lat]; the beautiful people, the fashion set, upper ten thousand &c. (nobility) 875; elite &c. (distinction) 873; smart set; the four hundred [U.S.]; in crowd.
	V. be fashionable &c. adj., be the rage &c. n.; have a run, pass current.
	follow the fashion, conform to the fashion, fall in with the fashion, follow the trend,  follow the crowd &c. n.; go with the stream &c. (conform) 82; savoir vivre[Fr], savoir faire[Fr]; keep up appearances, behave oneself.
	set the fashion, bring in the fashion; give a tone to society, cut a figure in society; keep one's carriage.
	Adj. fashionable; in fashion &c. n.; a la mode, comme il faut[Fr]; admitted in society, admissible in society &c. n.; presentable; conventional &c. (customary) 613; genteel; well-bred, well mannered, well behaved, well spoken; gentlemanlike[obs3], gentlemanly; ladylike; civil, polite &c. (courteous) 894.
	polished, refined, thoroughbred, courtly; distingue[Fr]; unembarrassed, degage[Fr]; janty[obs3], jaunty; dashing, fast.
	modish, stylish, chic, trendy, recherche; newfangled &c. (unfamiliar) 83; all the rage, all the go[obs2]; with it, in, faddish, .
	in court, in full dress, in evening dress; en grande tenue &c. (ornament) 847[Fr].
	Adv. fashionably &c. adj.; for fashion's sake.
	Phr. a la francaise, a la parisienne; a l' anglaise[Fr], a l' americaine[Fr]; autre temps autre mauers[Fr]; chaque pays a sa guise[Fr].

	#853. Ridiculousness. -- N. ridiculousness &c. adj.; comicality, oddity &c. adj.; extravagance, drollery.
	farce, comedy; burlesque &c. (ridicule) 856.
	{{similar_to: buffoonery &c. (fun) 840}}.
	{{property_of}} frippery; doggerel, doggerel verses.
	anticlimax, bathos; eccentricity, monstrosity &c. (unconformity) 83.
	{{similar_to: absurdity &c. 497}}.
	{{similar_to: bombast &c. (unmeaning) 517}}.
	{{trait_of: laughingstock, R857, P2.3.2.3.2.4.14}}
	V. be ridiculous &c. adj.; pass from the sublime to the ridiculous; make one laugh; play the fool, make a fool of oneself, commit an absurdity.
	Adj. ridiculous, ludicrous; comical; funny, laughable, pour rire, grotesque, farcical, odd.
	whimsical, whimsical as a dancing bear; fanciful, fantastic, queer, rum, bizarre, weird; screaming; eccentric &c. (unconformable) 83; strange, outlandish, out of the way, baroque, rococo; awkward &c. (ugly) 846.
	{{has_low_intensity}} droll, quizzical, quaint.
	extravagant, outre, monstrous, preposterous, bombastic, inflated, stilted, burlesque, mock heroic.
	drollish; seriocomic, tragicomic; gimcrack, contemptible &c. (unimportant) 643; doggerel; ironical &c. (derisive) 856; risible.
	Phr. risum teneatis amici [Lat][Horace]; rideret Heraclitus; du sublime au ridicule il n'y a qu'un pas [Fr][Napoleon].

<-- R854, FOP moved to P2.3.2.3.2.4.13  Fop  -->

	#855. Affectation. -- N. affectation; affectedness &c. adj.; acting a part &c. v.; pretense &c. (falsehood) 544, (ostentation) 882; boasting &c. 884.
	charlatanism, quackery, shallow profundity; pretension, airs, pedantry, purism, precisianism, euphuism; teratology &c. (altiloquence) 577.
	mannerism, simagree, grimace.
	{{trait_of: fop, R854, P2.3.2.3.2.4.13}}.
	conceit, foppery, dandyism, man millinery, coxcombry, puppyism.
	stiffness, formality, buckram; prudery, demureness, coquetry, mock modesty, minauderie, sentimentalism; mauvais honte, false shame.
	affector, performer, actor; pedant, pedagogue, doctrinaire, purist, euphuist, mannerist; grimacier; lump of affectation, precieuse ridicule[Fr], bas bleu[Fr], blue stocking, poetaster; prig; charlatan &c. (deceiver) 548; petit maitre &c. (fop) 854; flatterer &c. 935; coquette, prude, puritan.
	V. affect, act a part, put on; give oneself airs &c. (arrogance) 885; boast &c. 884; coquet; simper, mince, attitudinize, pose; flirt a fan; overact, overdo.
	Adj. affected, full of affectation, pretentious, pedantic, stilted, stagy, theatrical, big-sounding, ad captandum; canting, insincere.
	not natural, unnatural; self-conscious; maniere; artificial; overwrought, overdone, overacted; euphuist &c. 577.
	stiff, starch, formal, prim, smug, demure, tire a quatre epingles, quakerish, puritanical, prudish, pragmatical, priggish, conceited, coxcomical, foppish, dandified; finical, finikin; mincing, simpering, namby-pamby, sentimental.
	Phr. "conceit in weakest bodies strongest works" [Hamlet].

	#856. Ridicule. -- N. ridicule, derision; sardonic smile, sardonic grin; irrision[obs3]; scoffing &c. (disrespect) 929; mockery, quiz[obs2], banter, irony, persiflage, raillery, chaff, badinage; quizzing &c. v.; asteism[obs3].
	squib, satire, skit, quip, quib[obs3], grin.
	{{has_subtype(misrepresentation, R555)}} parody, burlesque, takeoff, lampoon, sendup, travesty, travestie[obs3]; caricature.
	{{has_subtype:  farce, @R599}}.
	buffoonery &c. (fun) 840; practical joke; horseplay.
	scorn, contempt &c. 930.
	{{manifestation_of: laughingstock, R857}}.
	V.  ridicule[transitive], deride, mock, taunt;  snigger; laugh in one's sleeve;  tease[ridicule lightly], badinage, banter, rally, chaff, joke, twit, quiz, roast; haze [U.S.]; tehee[obs3]; fleer[obs3]; show up.
	[i.p.] play upon, play tricks upon; fool to the top of one's bent; laugh at, grin at, smile at; poke fun at.
	{{has_subtype(misrepresent, R555)}} satirize, parody, caricature, burlesque, travesty, take off on, send up, lampoon.
	turn into ridicule; make merry with; make fun of, make game of, make a fool of, make an April fool of[obs3]; rally; scoff &c. (disrespect) 929.
	raise a laugh &c. (amuse) 840; play the fool, make a fool of oneself.
	Adj. derisory, derisive; mock, mocking; sarcastic, ironic, ironical, quizzical, burlesque, Hudibrastic[obs3]; scurrilous &c. (disrespectful) 929.
	Adv. in ridicule &c. n.

M3.3.2.1.3   PROSPECTIVE  AFFECTIONS  R858 to R869  [[hope]]
<--   The Roget category combines both emotions influencing action, and characteristics of the actions themselves which exhibit emotion.  
		858.	Hope						859.	Hopelessness
									860.	Fear
		858a.  anticipation				860a.  anxiety
		861.	Courage					862.	Cowardice
863, 864, and 868 should be in a different category, more closely allied to action rather than emotion
		863.	Rashness					864.	Caution
		865.	Desire					867.	Dislike
				866. Indifference
									868.	Fastidiousness,
									869.	Satiety
&& To retrospective affections: Relief = 834 personal affections, disappointment  = 832 discontent
regret 833?
-->
<-- break anticipation, expectation away from hope; to 858a.
	distinguish this from expectation, 507 (under thought) which is
  simple expectation, not an emotion -->
	#858. Hope. -- N. hope, hopes; desire &c. 865; fervent hope, sanguine expectation, trust; faith &c. (belief) 484; affiance, assurance; secureness, security; reassurance.
	{{high_intensity_of: anticipation, R858a}}.
	good omen, good auspices; promise, well grounded hopes; good prospect, bright prospect; clear sky.
	assumption, presumption.
	[ref: anticipation &c. (expectation) 507].
	hopefulness, buoyancy, optimism, enthusiasm, heart of grace, aspiration.
	castles in the air, castles in Spain, chateaux en Espagne[Fr], le pot aut lait[Fr], Utopia, millennium; day dream, golden dream; dream of Alnaschar[obs3]; airy hopes, fool's paradise; mirage &c. (fallacies of vision) 443; fond hope.
	beam of hope, ray of hope, gleam of hope, glimmer of hope, flash of hope, dawn of hope, star of hope; cheer; bit of blue sky, silver lining, silver lining of the cloud, bottom of Pandora's box, balm in Gilead; light at the end of the tunnel.
	anchor, sheet anchor, mainstay; staff &c. (support) 215; heaven &c. 981.
	{{trait_of: optimist, P2.3.2.3.2.5.37  }}.
	V. hope, trust, confide, rely on, put one's trust in; lean upon; pin one's hope upon, pin one's faith upon &c. (believe) 484.
	feel hope, entertain hope, harbor hope, indulge hope, cherish hope, feed hope, foster hope, nourish hope, encourage hope, cling to hope, live in hope, &c. n.; see land; feel assured, rest assured, feel confident, rest confident &c. adj.
	presume; promise oneself; expect &c. (look forward to) 507.
	hope for &c. (desire) 865; anticipate.
	be hopeful &c. adj.; look on the bright side of, view on the sunny side, voir en couleur de rose[Fr], make the best of it, hope for the best; put a good face upon, put a bold face upon, put the best face upon; keep one's spirits up; take heart, take heart of grace; be of good heart, be of good cheer; flatter oneself, "lay the flattering unction to one's soul" 
	catch at a straw[hamlet], hope against hope, reckon one's chickens before they are hatched, count one's chickens before they are hatched.
	[cause hope] give hope, inspire hope, raise hope, hold out hope &c. n.;  promise, bid fair, augur well, be in a fair way, look up, flatter, tell a flattering tale;  raise expectations[sentient subject]; encourage, cheer, assure, reassure, buoy up, embolden.
	Adj. hoping &c. v.; in hopes &c. n.; hopeful, confident; secure &c. (certain) 484; sanguine, in good heart, buoyed up, buoyant, elated, flushed, exultant, enthusiastic; heartsome[obs3]; utopian.
	unsuspecting, unsuspicious; fearless, free from fear, free from suspicion, free from distrust, free from despair, exempt from fear, exempt from suspicion, exempt from distrust, exempt from despair; undespairing[obs3], self reliant.
	probable, on the high road to; within sight of shore, within sight of land; promising, propitious; of promise, full of promise; of good omen; auspicious, de bon augure[Fr]; reassuring; encouraging, cheering, inspiriting, looking up, bright, roseate, couleur de rose[Fr], rose-colored.
	Adv. hopefully &c. adj.
	Int. God speed!
	Phr. nil desperandum [Lat][Horace]; never say die, dum spiro spero[Lat], latet scintillula forsan[Lat], all is for the best, spero meliora[Lat]; every cloud has a silver lining; " the wish being father to the thought" [Henry IV]; "hope told a flattering tale"; rusticus expectat dum defluat amnis[Lat][obs3].
	at spes non fracta[Lat]; ego spem prietio non emo [Lat][Terence]; un Dieu est ma fiance[Fr]; " hope! thou nurse of young desire " [Bickerstaff]; in hoc signo spes mea[Lat]; in hoc signo vinces[Lat]; la speranza e il pan de miseri[It]; l'esperance est le songe d'un homme eveille[Fr]; " the mighty hopes that make us men" [Tennyson]; " the sickening pang of hope deferred " [Scott].

<-- sections of R507, expectation, have been moved here to distinguish expectation as thought from anticiapation as an emotion  -->
	#858a.  Anticipation -- N.  anticipation, expectation; suspense, waiting, abeyance; curiosity &c. 455; anxious expectation, ardent expectation, eager expectation, breathless expectation, sanguine expectation; torment of Tantalus.
	assurance, confidence, presumption, reliance.
	{{has_high_intensity: hope &c. 858}}.
	{{similar_to: expectation, R507}}.
	[ref: trust &c. (belief) 484; auspices &c. (prediction) 511].

	#859. [Absence, want or loss of hope.] Hopelessness. -- N. hopelessness &c. adj.; despair, desperation; despondency, depression  &c. (dejection) 837; pessimism, pessimist; Job's comforter; bird of bad omen, bird of ill omen.
	abandonment, desolation; resignation, surrender, submission &c. 725.
	hope deferred, dashed hopes; vain expectation &c. (disappointment) 509.
	airy hopes &c. &c. 858; forlorn hope; gone case, dead duck, gone coon* [U.S.]; goner*; bad job, bad business; enfant perdu[Fr]; gloomy horizon, black spots in the horizon; slough of Despond, cave of Despair; immedicabile vulnus[Lat].
	V. despair; lose all hope, give up all hope, abandon all hope, relinquish all hope, lose the hope of, give up the hope of, abandon the hope of, relinquish the hope of; give up, give over; yield to despair; falter; despond &c. (be dejected) 837; jeter le manche apres la cognee[Fr].
	inspire despair, drive to despair &c. n.; disconcert; dash one's hopes, crush one's hopes, destroy one's hopes; hope against hope.
	abandon; resign, surrender, submit &c. 725.
	Adj. hopeless, desperate, despairing, gone, in despair, au desespoir[Fr], forlorn, desolate; inconsolable &c. (dejected) 837; broken hearted.
	unpromising, unpropitious; inauspicious, ill-omened, threatening, clouded over.
	out of the question, not to be thought of; impracticable &c. 471; past hope, past cure, past mending, past recall; at one's last gasp &c. (death) 360; given up, given over.
	incurable, cureless, immedicable, remediless, beyond remedy; incorrigible; irreparable, irremediable, irrecoverable, irreversible, irretrievable, irreclaimable, irredeemable, irrevocable; ruined, undone; immitigable.
	Phr. "lasciate ogni speranza voi ch'entrate" [Dante]; its days are numbered; the worst come to the worst; "no change, no pause, no hope, yet I endure" [Shelley]; "O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon" [Milton]; "mene mene tekel upharson" [Old Testament].

<-- break fear into fear and anxiety R860a  -->
	#860. Fear. -- N.  fear, timidity, diffidence, want of confidence; apprehensiveness, fearfulness &c. adj.; feeze [obs3][U.S.].
	mistrust &c. (doubt) 485; hesitation &c. (irresolution) 605.
	{{is_high_intensity_of:  anxiety, R860a}}.
	nervousness, restlessness &c. adj.; worry; batophobia[obs3]; heartquake[obs3]; flutter, trepidation, fear and trembling, perturbation, tremor, quivering, shaking, trembling, throbbing heart, palpitation, ague fit, cold sweat; abject fear &c. (cowardice) 862; mortal funk, heartsinking[obs3], despondency; despair &c. 859.
	fright; affright, affrightment[obs3]; boof  alarm[obs3][U.S.], dread, awe, terror, horror, dismay, consternation, panic, scare, stampede [of horses].
	intimidation, terrorism, reign of terror.
	[Object of fear] bug bear, bugaboo; scarecrow; hobgoblin &c. (demon) 980; nightmare, Gorgon, mormo[obs3], ogre, Hurlothrumbo[obs3], raw head and bloody bones, fee-faw-fum, bete noire[Fr], enfant terrible[Fr].
	alarmist &c. (coward) 862.
	V. fear, stand in awe of; be afraid &c. adj.; have qualms &c. n.; apprehend, sit upon thorns, eye askance; distrust &c. (disbelieve) 485.
	hesitate &c. (be irresolute) 605; falter, funk, cower, crouch; skulk &c. (cowardice) 862; let " I dare not"  wait upon "I would "; take fright, take alarm; start, wince, flinch, shy, shrink; fly &c. (avoid) 623.
	tremble, shake; shiver, shiver in one's shoes; shudder, flutter; shake like an aspen leaf, tremble like an aspen leaf, tremble all over; quake, quaver, quiver, quail.
	grow pale, turn pale; blench, stand aghast; not dare to say one's soul is one's own.
	inspire fear, excite fear, inspire awe, excite awe; raise aprehensions[obs3]; be in a daze, bulldoze [U. S.]; faze, feeze [obs3][U. S.]; give an alarm, raise an alarm, sound an alarm; alarm, startle, scare, cry " wolf," disquiet, dismay; fright, frighten, terrify; astound; fright from one's propriety; fright out of one's senses, fright out of one's wits, fright out of one's seven senses; awe; strike all of a heap, strike an awe into, strike terror; harrow up the soul, appall, unman, petrify, horrify; pile on the agony.
	make one's flesh creep, make one's hair stand on end, make one's blood run cold, make one's teeth chatter; take away one's breath, stop one's breath;  make one tremble &c.
	haunt; prey on the mind, weigh on the mind.
	put in fear, put in bodily fear; terrorize, intimidate, cow, daunt, overawe, abash, deter, discourage; browbeat, bully; threaten &c. 909.
	Adj. fearing &c. v.; frightened &c. v.; in fear, in a fright &c. n.;   haunted with the fear of &c. n.; afeard[obs3].
	afraid, fearful; timid, timorous; nervous, diffident, coy, faint-hearted, tremulous, shaky, afraid of one's shadow, apprehensive, restless, fidgety; more frightened than hurt.
	aghast; awe-stricken, horror-stricken, terror-stricken, panic-stricken, awestruck,  awe-stricken, horror-struck; frightened to death, white as a sheet; pale, pale as a ghost, pale as death, pale as ashes; breathless, in hysterics.
	inspiring fear &c. v.; alarming; formidable, redoubtable; perilous &c. (danger) 665; portentous; fearful; dread, dreadful; fell; dire, direful; shocking; terrible, terrific; tremendous; horrid, horrible, horrific; ghastly; awful, awe-inspiring; revolting &c. (painful) 830; Gorgonian.
	Adv. in terrorem[Lat].
	Int. " angels and ministers of grace defend us!" [Hamlet].
	Phr. ante tubam trepidat[Latin]; horresco referens[Latin], one's heart failing one, obstupui steteruntque comae et vox faucibus haesit [Lat][Vergil].
	"a dagger of the mind " [Macbeth]; expertus metuit [Lat][Horace]; " fain would I climb but that I fear to fall" [Raleigh]; " fear is the parent of cruelty " [Froude]; " Gorgons and hydras and chimeras dire " [Paradise Lost]; omnia tuta timens  [Latin][Vergil]; " our fears do make us traitors " [Macbeth].
<-- opposite of expectation? or assurance, confidence?   -->
	#860a.  Anxiety -- N.  anxiety, solicitude, care, apprehension; misgiving, inquietude, disquietude, unease, uneasiness, concern.
	suspicion, qualm.
	{{has_high_intensity:  fear, R860}}.

	#861. [Absence of fear.] Courage. -- N. courage, bravery, valor; resoluteness, boldness &c. adj.; spirit, daring, gallantry, intrepidity; contempt of danger, defiance of danger; derring-do; audacity; rashness &c. 863; dash; defiance &c. 715; confidence, self-reliance.
	manliness, manhood; nerve, pluck, mettle, game; heart, heart of grace; spunk, , guts, face, virtue, hardihood, fortitude, intestinal fortitude; firmness &c. (stability) 150; heart of oak; bottom, backbone, spine &c. (perseverance) 604a. resolution &c. (determination) 604; bulldog courage.
	prowess, heroism, chivalry.
	exploit, feat, achievement; heroic deed, heroic act; bold stroke.
	man, man of mettle; hero, demigod, Amazon, Hector; lion, tiger, panther, bulldog; gamecock, fighting-cock; bully, fire eater &c. 863.
	V. be courageous &c. adj.; dare, venture, make bold; face danger, front danger, affront danger, confront danger, brave danger, defy danger, despise danger, mock danger; look in the face; look full in the face, look boldly in the face, look danger in the face; face; meet, meet in front; brave, beard; defy &c. 715.
	take courage, muster courage, summon up courage, pluck up courage; nerve oneself, take heart; take heart, pluck up heart of grace; hold up one's head, screw one's courage to the sticking place; come  up to scratch; stick to one's guns, standfire[obs3], stand against; bear up, bear up against; hold out &c. (persevere) 604a. 
	put a bold face upon; show a bold front, present a bold front; show fight; face the music.
	bell the cat, take the bull by the horns, beard the lion in his den, march up to the cannon's mouth, go through fire and water, run the gantlet.
	give courage, infuse courage, inspire courage; reassure, encourage, embolden, inspirit, cheer, nerve, put upon one's mettle, rally, raise a rallying cry; pat on the back, make a man of., keep in countenance.
	Adj. courageous, brave; valiant, valorous; gallant, intrepid; spirited, spiritful[obs3]; high-spirited, high-mettled[obs3]; mettlesome, plucky; manly, manful; resolute; stout,.stout-hearted; iron-hearted, lion-hearted; heart of oak; Penthesilean.
	bold, bold-spirited; daring, audacious; fearless, dauntless, dreadless[obs3], aweless; undaunted, unappalled, undismayed, unawed, unblanched, unabashed, unalarmed, unflinching, unshrinking[obs3], unblanching[obs3], unapprehensive; confident, self-reliant; bold as a lion, bold as brass.
	enterprising, adventurous; venturous, venturesome; dashing, chivalrous; soldierly &c. (warlike) 722; heroic.
	fierce, savage; pugnacious &c. (bellicose) 720.
	strong-minded, hardy, doughty; firm &c. (stable) 150; determined &c. (resolved) 604; dogged, indomitable &c. (persevering) 604a.
	up to, up to the scratch; upon one's mettle; reassured &c. v.; unfeared[obs3], undreaded[obs3].

	Phr. one's blood being up; courage sans peur [Fr];fortes fortuna adjuvat [Lat][Terence]; "have I not in my time heard lions roar " [Taming of the Shrew]; " I dare do all that may become a man " [Macbeth]; male vincetis sed vincite [Lat][Ovid]; omne solum forti patria[Lat]; " self-trust is the essence of heroism " [Emerson]; stimulos dedit oemula virtus [Lat][Lucan]; " strong and great, a hero " [Longfellow]; teloque animus proestantior omni [Lat][Ovid]; "there, is always safety in valor" [Emerson]; virtus ariete fortier[Lat][obs3].

	#862. [Excess of fear.] Cowardice. -- N. cowardice, pusillanimity; cowardliness &c. adj.; timidity, effeminacy.
	poltroonery, baseness; dastardness[obs3], dastardy[obs3]; abject fear, funk; Dutch courage; fear &c. 860; white feather, faint heart; cold feet * [U. S.], yellow streak*.
	coward, poltroon, dastard, sneak, recreant; shy cock, dunghill cock; coistril[obs3], milksop, white liver, lily liver, nidget[obs3], one that cannot say " bo" to a goose; slink; Bob Acres, Jerry Sneak.
	alarmist, terrorist[obs2], pessimist; runagate  &c. (fugitive) 623.
	V. quail &c. (fear) 860; be cowardly &c. adj., be a coward &c. n.; funk; cower,skulk, sneak; flinch, shy, fight shy, slink, turn tail; run away &c. (avoid) 623; show, the white feather.
	Adj. coward, cowardly; fearful, shy; timid, timorous; skittish; poor-spirited, spiritless, soft, effeminate.
	weak-minded; infirm of purpose &c. 605; weak-hearted, fainthearted, chickenhearted, henhearted[obs3], lilyhearted, pigeon-hearted; white-livered[obs3], lily-livered, milk-livered[obs3]; milksop, smock-faced; unable to say " bo " to a goose.
	dastard, dastardly; base, craven, sneaking, dunghill, recreant; unwarlike, unsoldier-like.
	" in face a lion but in heart a deer".
	unmanned; frightened &c. 860.
	Int. sauve qui peut[Fr]! [French: every man for himself]; devil take the hindmost!
	Phr. ante tubam trepidat[Lat], one's courage oozing out; degeneres animos timor arguit [Lat][Vergil].

	#863. Rashness. -- N. rashness &c. adj.; temerity, want of caution, imprudence, indiscretion; overconfidence, presumption, audacity.
	precipitancy, precipitation; impetuosity,; levity; foolhardihood[obs3], foolhardiness; heedlessness, thoughtlessness &c. (inattention) 458; carelessness &c. (neglect) 460; desperation; Quixotism, knight-errantry; fire eating.
	gaming, gambling; blind bargain, leap in the dark, leap of faith, fool's paradise; too many eggs in one basket.
	desperado, rashling[obs3], madcap, daredevil, Hotspur, fire eater, bully, bravo, Hector, scapegrace, enfant perdu[Fr]; Don Quixote, knight-errant, Icarus; adventurer; gambler, gamester; dynamitard[obs3]; boomer [obs3][U. S.].
	V. be rash &c. adj.; stick at nothing, play a desperate game; run into danger &c. 665; play with fire, play with edge tools.
	carry too much sail, sail too near the wind, ride at single anchor, go out of one's depth.
	take a leap in the dark, buy a pig in a poke.
	donner tete baissee [Fr]; knock, one's bead against a wall &c. (be unskillful) 699; rush on destruction; kick against the pricks, tempt Providence, go on a forlorn hope, go on a fool's errand.
	reckon one's chickens before they are hatched, count one's chickens before they are hatched, reckon without one's host; catch at straws; trust to a broken reed, lean on a broken reed.
	Adj. rash, incautious, indiscreet; imprudent, improvident, temerarious; uncalculating[obs3]; heedless; careless &c. (neglectful) 460; without ballast, heels over head, head over heels; giddy &c. (inattentive) 458; wanton, reckless, wild, madcap; desperate, devil-may-care.
	hot-blooded, hotheaded, hotbrained[obs3]; headlong, headstrong; breakneck; foolhardy; harebrained; precipitate, impulsive. overconfident, overweening; venturesome, venturous; adventurous, Quixotic, fire eating, cavalier; janty[obs3], jaunty, free and easy.
	off one's guard &c. (inexpectant) 508[obs3].
	Adv. post haste, a corps perdu[Fr], hand over head, tete baissee[Fr], headforemost[obs3]; happen what may, come what may.
	Phr. fools rush in where angels fear to tread; neck or nothing, the devil being in one; non semper temeritas est felix [Lat][Livy]; paucis temeritas est bono multis malo [Lat][Phaedrus].

	#864. Caution. -- N. caution; cautiousness &c. adj.; discretion, prudence, cautel[obs1], heed, circumspection, calculation, deliberation.
	foresight &c. 510; vigilance &c. 459; warning &c. 668.
	coolness &c. adj.; self-possession, self-command; presence of mind, sang froid[Fr]; well-regulated mind; worldly wisdom, Fabian policy.
	V. be cautious &c. adj.; take care, take  heed, take  good care; have a care mind, what one is about; be on one's guard &c. (keep watch) 459; "make assurance doubly sure" [Macbeth].
	bespeak &c. (be early) 132.
	think twice, look before one leaps, count the cost, look to the main chance, cut one's coat according to one's cloth; feel one's ground, feel one's way; see how the land lies &c. (foresight) 510; wait to see how the cat jumps; bridle one's tongue; reculer pour mieux sauter &c. (prepare) 673[Fr]; let well alone, let well enough alone; let sleeping dogs lie,  ne pas reveiller le chat qui dort [French: don't wake a sleeping cat].
	keep out of harm's way, keep out of troubled waters; keep at a respectful distance, stand aloof; keep on the safe side, be on the safe side.
	husband one's resources &c. 636.
	caution &c. (warn) 668.
	Adj. cautious, wary, guarded; on one's guard &c. (watchful) 459; cavendo tutus[Lat]; in medio tutissimus[Lat]; vigilant.
	careful, heedful; cautelous[obs1], stealthy, chary, shy of, circumspect, prudent, discreet, politic; sure-footed &c. (skillful) 698.
	unenterprising, unadventurous, cool, steady, self-possessed; overcautious.
	Adv. cautiously &c. adj.
	Int. have a care!
	Phr. timeo Danaos [Lat][Vergil]; festina lente[Lat].
	ante victoriam ne canas triumphum [Lat: don't sing out victory before the triumph], don't count your chickens before they hatch; "give, every man thine ear but few thy voice" [Hamlet]; he who laughs last laughs best,  il rit bien qui rit le dernier[Fr]; ni firmes carta que no leas ni bebas agua que no veas [Sp]; nescit vox missa reverti [Lat][Horace]; " love all, trust a few " [All's Well]; noli irritare leones [obs3][Lat: don't disturb a lion]; don't wake a sleeping lion; safe bind safe find; " if it ain't broke, don't fix it" [Bert Lance]; once burned, twice shy; caution is the better part of valor.

	#865. Desire. -- N. desire, wish, fancy, fantasy; want, need, exigency.
	mind, inclination, leaning, bent, animus, partiality, penchant, predilection; propensity &c. 820; willingness &c. 602; liking, love, fondness, relish.
	longing, hankering, inkling; solicitude, anxiety; yearning, coveting; aspiration, ambition, vaulting ambition; eagerness, zeal, ardor, empressement[Fr], breathless impatience, overanxiety; impetuosity, &c. 825.
	appetite, appetition[obs3], appetence[obs3], appetency[obs3]; sharp appetite, keenness, hunger, stomach, twist; thirst, thirstiness; drouth, mouth-watering; itch, itching; prurience, cacoethes[Lat], cupidity, lust, concupiscence.
	edge of appetite, edge of hunger; torment of Tantalus; sweet tooth, lickerish tooth[obs3]; itching palm; longing eye, wistful eye, sheep's eye.
	[excessive desire for money: greed &c. 817a].
	[excessive desire for food:  voracity &c. (gluttony) 957].
	passion, rage, furore[obs3], mania, manie[obs1]; inextinguishable desire; dipsomania, kleptomania, nymphomania.
	{{trait_of: lover P2.3.2.3.2.5.36}}.
<--  Person who desires to    lover  -->
	[Object of desire] desideratum; want &c. (requirement) 630; "a consummation devoutly to be wished "; attraction, magnet, allurement, fancy, temptation, seduction, fascination, prestige, height of one's ambition, idol; whim, whimsy, whimsey[obs3]; maggot; hobby, hobby-horse.
	Fortunatus's cap; wishing cap, wishing stone, wishing well.
	care for, affect, like, list; take to, cling to, take a fancy to; fancy; prefer &c. (choose) 609.
	have an eye, have a mind to; find it in one's heart &c. (be willing) 602; have a fancy for, set one's eyes upon; cast a sheep's eye upon, look sweet upon; take into one's head, have at heart, be bent upon; set one's cap at, set one's heart upon, set one's mind upon; covet.
	want, miss, need, feel the want of, would fain have, would fain do; would be glad of.
	be hungry &c. adj.; have a good appetite, play a good knife and fork; hunger after, thirst after, crave after, lust after, itch after, hanker after, run mad after; raven for, die for; burn to.
	desiderate[obs3]; sigh for, cry for, gape for, gasp for, pine for, pant for, languish for, yearn for, long,  be on thorns for, hope for; aspire after; catch at, grasp at, jump at.
	woo, court, solicit; fish for, spell for, whistle for, put up for; ogle.
	cause desire, create desire, raise desire, excite desire, provoke desire; whet the appetite; appetize[obs3], titillate, allure, attract, take one's fancy, tempt; hold out temptation, hold out allurement; tantalize, make one's mouth water, faire venir l'eau a la bouche [Fr].
	gratify desire &c. (give pleasure) 829.
	Adj. desirous; desiring &c. v.; inclined &c. (willing) 602; partial to; fain, wishful, optative[obs3]; anxious, wistful, curious; at a loss for, sedulous, solicitous. craving, hungry, sharp-set, peckish[obs3], ravening, with an empty stomach, esurient[obs3], lickerish[obs3], thirsty, athirst, parched with thirst, pinched with hunger, famished, dry, drouthy[obs3]; hungry as a hunter, hungry as a hawk, hungry as a horse, hungry as a church mouse, hungry as a bear.
	[excessively desirous] greedy &c. 817a.
	unsatisfied, unsated, unslaked; unsaturated.
	eager, avid, keen; burning, fervent, ardent; agog; all agog; breathless; impatient &c. (impetuous) 825; bent on, intent on, set on, bent upon, intent upon, set upon; mad after, enrage, rabid, dying for, devoured by desire.
	aspiring, ambitious, vaulting, sky-aspiring, high-reaching.
	desirable; desired &c. v.; in demand; pleasing &c. (giving pleasure) 829; appetizing, appetible[obs3]; tantalizing.
	Adv. wistfully &c. adj.; fain.
	Int. would that, would that it were! O for! esto perpetual
	Phr[Lat]. the wish being father to the thought; sua cuique voluptas[Lat]; hoc erat in votis[Lat], the mouth watering, the fingers itching; aut Caesar aut nullus[Lat].
	"Cassius has a lean and hungry look" [Jul. Caesar]; " hungry as the grave " [Thomson]; " I was born to other things " [Tennyson]; " not what we wish but what we want " [Merrick]; " such joy ambition finds " [P. L.]; " the sea hath bounds but deep desire hath none " [Venus and Adonis]; ubi mel ibi apes[Lat].

	#866. Indifference. -- N. indifference, neutrality; coldness &c. adj.; anaphrodisia[obs3]; unconcern, insouciance, nonchalance; want of interest, want of earnestness; anorexy[obs3], anorexia, inappetency[obs3].
	[ref: dispassion &c. (insensibility) 823].
	supineness &c. (inactivity) 683; disdain &c. 930; recklessness &c. 863; inattention &c. 458.
	anaphrodisiac[obs3], antaphrodisiac[obs3]; lust-quencher, passion-queller[obs3].
	[ref: apathetic, indifferent  &c. 866; aloof, lukewarm,; careless, ; unconcerned, pococurante[obs3], insouciant, sans souci[Fr]].
	V. be indifferent &c. adj.; stand neuter; take no interest in &c. (insensibility) 823; have no desire for &c. 865,have no taste for, have no relish for; not care for; care nothing for, care nothing about; not care a straw about, not care a fig for, not care a whit about  &c. (unimportance) 643; not mind.
	set at naught &c. (make light of) 483; spurn &c. (disdain) 930.
	Adj. indifferent, neutral, disinterested; apathetic, cold, frigid, lukewarm; cool, cool as a cucumber; unconcerned, uncurious, uninterested; withdrawn, detached, remote.
	insouciant, nonchalant, phlegmatic, pococurante[obs3].
	easygoing, devil-may-care, casual.
	{{similar_to: negligent, R460}} careless, mindless, regardless, disregarding.
	listless, lackadaisical; half-hearted.
	unambitious, unaspiring, undesirous[obs3], unsolicitous[obs3], unattracted.
	[indifferent toward people] aloof, unapproachable, remote; uncaring.
	unattractive, unalluring, undesired, undesirable, uncared for, unwished[obs3], unvalued, all one to.
	insipid &c. 391; vain.
	Adv. for aught one cares.
	Int. never mind; Who cares? whatever you like, whatever.
	Phr.  I couldn't care less, I could care less; anything will do;  es macht nichts [German].

	#867. Dislike. -- N. dislike, distaste, disrelish, disinclination, displacency[obs3].
	reluctance; backwardness &c. (unwillingness) 603.
	repugnance, disgust, queasiness, turn, nausea, loathing; averseness[obs3], aversation[obs1], aversion; abomination, antipathy, abhorrence, horror; mortal antipathy, rooted antipathy, mortal horror, rooted horror; hatred, detestation; hate &c. 898; animosity &c. 900; hydrophobia; canine madness; byssa[obs3], xenophobia. sickener[obs3]; gall and wormwood &c. (unsavory) 395; shuddering, cold sweat.
	V. mislike misrelish[obs3], dislike, disrelish; mind, object to; have rather not, would rather not, prefer not to, not care for; have a dislike for, conceive a dislike to, entertain a dislike for, take a dislike to, have an aversion to, have an aversion for; have no taste for, have no stomach for.
	shun, avoid &c. 623; eschew; withdraw from, shrink from, recoil from; not be able to bear,    not be able to  abide, not be able to endure; shrug the shoulders at, shudder at, turn up the nose at, look askance at; make a mouth,  make a wry face,  make a grimace; make faces.
	loathe, nauseate, abominate, detest, abhor; hate &c. 898; take amiss &c. 900; have enough of &c. (be satiated) 869.
	wish away, unwish
	cause dislike, excite dislike; disincline, repel, sicken; make sick, render sick; turn one's stomach, nauseate, wamble[obs3], disgust, shock, stink in the nostrils; go against the grain, go against the stomach; stick in the throat; make one's blood run cold &c. (give pain) 830; pall.
	Adj. disliking &c. v.; averse from, loathe, loathe to, loth, adverse; shy of, sick of, out of conceit with; disinclined; heartsick, dogsick[obs3]; queasy.
	disliked &c. v.; uncared for, unpopular; out of favor; repulsive, repugnant, repellant; abhorrent, insufferable, fulsome, nauseous; loathsome, loathful[obs3]; offensive; disgusting &c. v.; disagreeable c. (painful) 830.
	Adv. usque ad nauseam[Lat].
	Int. faugh! foh[obs3]! ugh!
	Phr. non libet[Lat].

	#868. Fastidiousness. -- N. fastidiousness &c. adj.; nicety, hypercriticism, difficulty in being pleased, friandise[Fr], epicurism, omnia suspendens naso[Lat].
	{{trait_of: epicure, gourmet, @P2.3.2.3.2.4.15}}.
	{{trait_of(prudery):  prude, @P2.3.2.3.2.4.15}}.
	[Excess of delicacy] prudery.
	meticulousness, punctilio, conscientiousness, scrupulousness.
	{{similar_to: taste, R850, M3.3.2.2}}.
	V. be fastidious &c. adj.; have a sweet tooth.
	mince the matter; turn up one's nose at &c. (disdain) 930; look a gift horse in the mouth, see spots on the sun.
	Adj. fastidious, nice, delicate, delicat[obs3], finical, finicky, picky, dainty, lickerish[obs3].
	demanding, meticulous, exacting, precise, particular, strict, overstrict, punctilious; difficult, hypercritical, critical, overcritical.
	selective, choosy, discriminating.
	squeamish, thin-skinned; squeasy[obs3], queasy.
	hard to please, difficult to please, querulous, anal[vulg.].
	straitlaced, conscientious, scrupulous; censorious &c. 932.
	Adv. fastidiously, meticulously; scrupulously, conscientiously.
	Phr. noli me tangere[Lat].

	#869. Satiety. -- N. satiety, satisfaction, saturation, repletion, glut, surfeit; cloyment[obs3], satiation; weariness &c. 841. spoiled child; enfant gete[Fr], enfant terrible[Fr]; too much of a good thing, toujours perdrix[Fr]; crambe repetita[Lat][obs3].
	V. sate, satiate, satisfy, saturate; cloy, quench, slake, pall, glut., gorge, fill up, surfeit; bore &c. (weary) 841; tire &c. (fatigue) 688; spoil.
	have enough of, have  quite enough of, have one's fill, have too much of; be satiated &c. adj.
	Adj. satiated &c. v.; overgorged[obs3]; blase, used up.
	tired of, sick of, heartsick.
	Int. enough! hold! eheu jam satis[Lat]! basta[obs3]!

M3.3.2.1.4  Retrospective Affections   R833, R834   [[regret]]
<-- R833 regret, R834 relief   and R832a  disappointment  -->
<--  see also M3.3.3.4   RETROSPECTIVE SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS 
		916.	Gratitude					917.	Ingratitude
		918.	Forgiveness				919.	Revenge
									920.	Jealousy
-->
	#833. Regret. -- N. regret, repining; homesickness, nostalgia; mal du pays, maladie[Fr]; lamentation &c. 839; penitence &c. 950.
	bitterness, heartburning[obs3].
	recrimination (accusation) 938.
	laudator temporis acti &c. (discontent) 832[Lat].
	V. regret, deplore; bewail &c. (lament) 839; repine, cast a longing lingering look behind; rue, rue the day; repent &c. 950; infandum renovare dolorem [Lat].
	prey on the mind, weigh on the mind, have a weight on the mind; leave an aching void.
	Adj. regretting &c. v.; regretful; homesick.
	regretted &c. v.; much to be regretted, regrettable; lamentable &c. (bad) 649.
	Adv. regrettably, unfortunately; most unfortunately.
	Int. alas!; what a pity! hang it!
	Phr. 'tis pity, 'tis too true; "sigh'd and look'd and sigh'd again" [Dryden]; "I'm sorry.".

	#834. Relief. -- N. relief; deliverance; refreshment &c. 689; easement, softening, alleviation, mitigation, palliation, soothing, lullaby.
	solace, consolation, comfort, encouragement.
	lenitive, restorative &c. (remedy) 662; cushion &c. 215; crumb of comfort, balm in Gilead.
	V. relieve, ease, alleviate, mitigate, palliate, soothe; salve; soften, soften down; foment, stupe[obs3], poultice; assuage, allay.
	cheer, comfort, console; enliven; encourage, bear up, pat on the back, give comfort, set at ease; gladden the heart, cheer the heart; inspirit, invigorate.
	remedy; cure &c. (restore) 660; refresh; pour balm into, pour oil on.
	smooth the ruffled brow of care, temper the wind to the shorn lamb, lay the flattering unction to one's soul.
	disburden &c. (free) 705; take a load off one's chest, get a load off one's chest, take off a load of care.
	be relieved; breathe more freely, draw a long breath; take comfort; dry the tears, dry the eyes, wipe the tears, wipe the eyes.
	Adj. relieving &c. v.; consolatory, soothing; assuaging, assuasive[obs3]; balmy, balsamic; lenitive, palliative; anodyne &c. (remedial) 662; curative &c. 660.
	Phr. "here comes a man of comfort" [Measure for Measure].

M3.3.2.1.5   CONTEMPLATIVE   AFFECTIONS  R870 to R871  [[wonder]]
		870.	Wonder					871.	Expectance
	<--  872.	Prodigy   to P2.7.1 phenomena  -->

	#870. Wonder. -- N. wonder, marvel; astonishment, amazement, wonderment, bewilderment; breathlessness &c. adj.; admiration, awe; stupor, stupefaction; stound[obs1], fascination; sensation; surprise &c. (inexpectation) 5O8.
	note of admiration; thaumaturgy &c.(sorcery) 992.
	V. wonder, marvel, admire; be surprised &c. adj.; start; stare; open one's eyes, rub one's eyes, turn up one's eyes; gloar[obs1]; gape, open one's mouth, hold one's breath; look aghast, stand aghast, stand agog; look blank &c. (disappointment) 509; tombe des nues[Fr]; not believe one's eyes, not believe one's ears, not believe one's senses.
	not be able to account for &c. (unintelligible) 519; not know whether one stands on one's head or one's heels.
	surprise, astonish, amaze, astound; dumfound, dumfounder; startle, dazzle; daze; strike, strike with wonder, strike with awe; electrify; stun, stupefy, petrify, confound, bewilder, flabbergast, stagger, throw on one's beam ends, fascinate, turn the head, take away one's breath, strike dumb; make one's hair stand on end, make one's tongue cleave to the roof of one's mouth; make one stare.
	take by surprise &c. (be unexpected) 508.
	be wonderful &c. adj.; beggar description, beggar the imagination, baffle description; stagger belief.
	Adj. surprised &c. v.; aghast, all agog, breathless, agape; open-mouthed; awestruck, thunderstruck, moonstruck, planet-struck; spellbound; lost in amazement, lost in wonder, lost in astonishment; struck all of a heap, unable to believe one's senses, like a duck ion thunder.
	wonderful, wondrous; surprising &c. v.; unexpected &c. 508; unheard of; mysterious &c. (inexplicable) 519; miraculous.
indescribable, inexpressible, inaffable[obs3]; unutterable, unspeakable.
	monstrous, prodigious, stupendous, marvelous; inconceivable, incredible; inimaginable[obs3], unimaginable; strange &c. (uncommon) 83; passing strange.
	striking &c. v.; overwhelming; wonder-working.
	Adv. wonderfully, &c. adj.; fearfully; for a wonder, in the name of wonder; strange to say; mirabile dictu[Lat], mirabile visu[Lat]; to one's great surprise.
	with wonder &c. n., with gaping mouth; with open eyes, with  upturned eyes.
	Int. lo, lo and behold! O! heyday! halloo! what! indeed! really! surely! humph! hem! good lack, good  heavens, good  gracious! Ye gods! good Lord! good  grief! Holy cow! My word! Holy shit![vulg.], gad so! welladay[obs3]! dear me! only think! lackadaisy[obs3]! my stars, my goodness! gracious goodness! goodness gracious! mercy on us! heavens and earth! God bless me! bless us, bless my heart! odzookens[obs3]! O gemini! adzooks[obs3]! hoity-toity! strong! Heaven save the mark, bless the mark! can such things be! zounds! 'sdeath! what on earth, what in the world! who would have thought it! &c. (inexpectation) 508[obs3]; you don't say so! You're kidding!. No kidding? what do you say to that! nous verrons[Fr]! how now! where am I?
	Phr. vox faucibus haesit[Lat]; one's hair standing on end.

	#871. [Absence of wonder.]  Expectance. -- N. expectance &c. (expectation) 507.
	example, instance (conformity) 82.
	normality (habit) 613
	nine days' wonder.
	V. expect &c. 507; not be surprised, not wonder &c. 870; nil admirari[Lat], make nothing of.
	Adj. expecting &c. v.; unamazed, astonished at nothing; blase &c. (weary) 841; expected &c. v.; foreseen; unsurprising.
	common, ordinary, normal, typical, usual &c. (habitual) 613.
	Adv.  naturally, as a matter of course.
	Int. no wonder; of course.

<--  R872. Prodigy. ( prodigy, phenomenon; wonder) to P2.7.1 Phenomena generally
-->

M3.3.2.1.6   EXTRINSIC  AFFECTIONS  R873 to R877       [[opinions]]
<--
 Or personal affections derived from  the opinion or feelings of others. 
		873.	Repute					874.	Disrepute
		875.	Nobility					876.	Commonalty
		877.	Title
-->
	#873. Repute. -- N. distinction, mark, name, figure; repute, reputation; good repute, high repute; note, notability, notoriety, eclat, " the bubble reputation " [As You Like It], vogue, celebrity; fame, famousness; renown; popularity, aura popularis[Lat]; approbation &c. 931; credit, succes d'estime[Fr], prestige, talk of the town; name to conjure with.
	glory, honor; luster &c. (light) 420; illustriousness &c. adj.
	account, regard, respect; reputableness &c. adj[obs3].; respectability &c. (probity) 939; good name, good  report; fair name.
	dignity; stateliness &c. adj.; solemnity, grandeur, splendor, nobility, majesty, sublimity.
	rank, standing, brevet rank, precedence, pas, station, place, status; position, position in society; order, degree, baccalaureate, locus standi[Lat], caste, condition.
	greatness &c. adj.; eminence; height &c. 206; importance &c. 642; preeminence, supereminence; high mightiness, primacy; top of the ladder, top of the tree.
	elevation; ascent &c. 305; superaltation[obs3], exaltation; dignification[obs3], aggrandizement. dedication, consecration, enthronement, canonization, celebration, enshrinement, glorification.
	hero, man of mark, great card, celebrity, worthy, lion, rara avis[Lat], notability, somebody; classman[obs3]; man of rank &c. (nobleman) 875; pillar of the state, pillar of the church, pillar of the community.
	chief &c. (master) 745; first fiddle &c. (proficient) 700; cynosure, mirror; flower, pink, pearl; paragon &c. (perfection) 650; choice and master spirits of the age; elite; star,.sun, constellation, galaxy. ornament, honor, feather in one's cap, halo, aureole, nimbus; halo of glory, blaze of glory, blushing honors; laurels &c. (trophy) 733.
	memory, posthumous fame, niche in the temple of fame; immortality, immortal name; magni nominis umbra [Lat][Lucan].
	V. be conscious of glory; be proud of &c. (pride) 878; exult &c. (boast) 884; be vain of &c. (vanity) 880.

	be distinguished &c. adj.; shine &c. (light) 420; shine forth, figure; cut a figure, make a dash, make a splash.
rival, surpass; outshine, outrival, outvie[obs3], outjump; emulate, eclipse; throw into the shade, cast into the shade; overshadow.
	live, flourish, glitter,  flaunt, gain honor , acquire honor &c. n.; play first fiddle &c. (be of importance) 642, bear the palm, bear the bell; lead the way; take precedence, take the wall of; gain laurels, win laurels, gain spurs, gain golden opinions &c. (approbation) 931; take one's degree, pass one's examination.
	make a noise, make  some noise, make a noise in the world; leave one's mark, exalt one's horn, blow one's horn, star it, have a run, be run after; come into vogue, come to the front; raise one's head.
	enthrone, signalize, immortalize, deify, exalt to the skies; hand one's name down to posterity.
	consecrate; dedicate to, devote to; enshrine, inscribe, blazon, lionize, blow the trumpet, crown with laurel.
	confer honor on, reflect honor on &c. v. ; shed a luster on; redound.to one's honor, ennoble.
	give honor to, do honor to, pay honor to, render honor to; honor, accredit, pay regard to, dignify, glorify; sing praises to &c. (approve) 931; lock up to; exalt, aggrandize, elevate, nobilitate[Lat].
	Adj. distinguished, distingue[Fr], noted;  of note &c. n.; honored &c. v.; popular; fashionable &c. 852.
	in good odor in; favor, in high favor; reputable, respectable, creditable.
	remarkable &c. (important) 642; notable, notorious; celebrated, renowned, ion every one's mouth, talked of; famous, famed; far-famed; conspicuous, to the front; foremost; in the front rank, in the ascendant.
	imperishable, deathless, immortal, never fading, aere perennius[Lat][obs3]; time honored.
	illustrious, glorious, splendid, brilliant, radiant;  bright &c. 420; full-blown; honorific.
	eminent, prominent; high &c. 206; in the zenith; at the head of, at the top of the tree; peerless, of the first water.; superior &c. 33; supereminent, preeminent.
	great, dignified, proud, noble, honorable, worshipful, lordly, grand, stately, august, princely. imposing, solemn, transcendent, majestic, sacred, sublime, heaven-born, heroic, sans peur et sans reproche[Fr]; sacrosanct.
	Int. hail! all hail! ave! viva! vive[Fr]! long life to! banzai![Jap.]; glory be to, honor be to?
	Phr. one's name being in every mouth, one's name living for ever; sic itur ad astra[Lat], fama volat[Lat], aut Caesar aut nullus[Lat]; not to know him argues oneself unknown; none but himself could be his parallel, palmam qui meruit ferat [Lat][Nelson's motto].
	"above all Greek above all Roman fame " [Pope]; - cineri gloria sera est [Lat][Martial]; "great is the glory for the strife is hard " [Wordsworth]; honor virtutis praemium [Lat][Cicero]; immensum gloria calcar habet [Lat][obs3][Ovid]; " the glory dies not and the grief is past " [Brydges]; vivit post funera virtus[Lat].

	#874. Disrepute. -- N. disrepute, discredit; ill repute, bad repute, bad name, bad odor, bad favor, ill name, ill odor, ill favor; disapprobation &c. 932; ingloriousness, derogation; abasement, debasement; abjectness &c. adj.; degradation, dedecoration[obs3]; a long farewell to all my greatness [Henry VIII]; odium, obloquy, opprobrium, ignominy.
	dishonor, disgrace; shame, humiliation; scandal, baseness, vileness[obs3]; turpitude &c. (improbity) 940[obs3]; infamy.
	tarnish, taint, defilement, pollution. stain, blot, spot, blur, stigma, brand, reproach, imputation, slur.
	crying shame, burning shame; scandalum magnatum[Lat], badge of infamy, blot in one's escutcheon; bend sinister, bar sinister; champain[obs3], point champain[obs3]; byword of reproach; Ichabod.
	argumentum ad verecundiam[Lat]; sense of shame &c. 879.
	V. be inglorious &c. adj.; incur disgrace &c. n.; have a bad name, earn a bad name; put a halter round one's neck, wear a halter round one's neck; disgrace oneself, expose oneself.
	play second fiddle; lose caste; pale one's ineffectual fire; recede into the shade; fall from one's high estate; keep in the background &c. (modesty) 881; be conscious of disgrace &c. (humility) 879; look blue, look foolish, look  like a fool; cut a poor figure, cut a sorry figure; laugh on the wrong side of the mouth; make a sorry face, go away with a flea in. one's ear, slink away.
	cause shame &c. n.; shame, disgrace, put to shame, dishonor; throw dishonor upon, cast dishonor upon, fling dishonor upon, reflect dishonor upon &c. n.; be a reproach &c. n. to; derogate from.
	tarnish, stain, blot sully, taint; discredit; degrade, debase, defile; beggar; expel &c. (punish) 972.
	impute shame to, brand, post, stigmatize, vilify, defame, slur, cast a slur upon, hold up to shame, send to Coventry; tread under foot, trample under foot; show up, drag through the mire, heap dirt upon; reprehend &c. 932.
	bring low, put down, snub; take down a peg, take down a peg lower, take down a peg or two.
	obscure. eclipse, outshine, take the shine out of; throw into the shade, cast into the shade; overshadow; leave in the background, put in the background; push into a corner, put one's nose out of joint; put out, put out of countenance.
	upset, throw off one's center; discompose, disconcert; put to the blush &c. (humble) 879.
	Adj. disgraced &c. v.; blown upon; "shorn of its beams " [Milton], shorn of one's glory; overcome, downtrodden; loaded with shame &c. n.; in bad repute &c. n.; out of repute, out of favor, out of fashion, out of countenance; at a discount; under a cloud, under  an eclipse; unable to show one's face; in the shade, in the background; out at elbows, down at the elbows, down in the world.
	inglorious; nameless, renownless[obs3]; obscure; unknown to fame; unnoticed, unnoted[obs3], unhonored, unglorified[obs3].
	shameful; disgraceful, discreditable, disreputable; despicable; questionable; unbecoming, unworthy; derogatory; degrading, humiliating, infra dignitatem[Lat], dedecorous[obs3]; scandalous, infamous, too bad, unmentionable; ribald, opprobrious; errant, shocking, outrageous, notorious.
	ignominious, scrubby, dirty, abject, vile, beggarly, pitiful, low, mean, shabby base &c. (dishonorable) 940.
	Adv. to one's shame be it spoken.
	Int. fie! shame! for shame! proh pudor[Lat]! O tempora[obs3]! O mores! ough! sic transit gloria mundi[Lat.]!

	#875. Nobility. -- N. nobility, rank, condition, distinction, optimacy[obs3], blood, pur sang[Fr], birth, high descent, order; quality, gentility; blue blood of Castile; ancien regime[Fr].
	high life, haute monde[Fr]; upper classes, upper ten thousand; the four hundred [U. S.]; elite, aristocracy, great folks; fashionable world &c. (fashion) 852.
	peer, peerage; house of lords, house of peers;  lords,  lords temporal and spiritual; noblesse; noble, nobleman; lord, lordling[obs3]; grandee, magnifico[Lat], hidalgo; daimio[obs3], daimyo, samurai, shizoku [all Japanese]; don, donship[obs3]; aristocrat, swell, three-tailed bashaw[obs3]; gentleman, squire, squireen[obs3], patrician, laureate.
	gentry, gentlefolk; *squirarchy[obs3], better sort magnates, primates, optimates[obs3]; pantisocracy[obs3].
	king &c. (master) 745; atheling[obs3]; prince, duke; marquis, marquisate[obs3]; earl, viscount, baron, thane, banneret[obs3]; baronet, baronetcy[obs3]; knight, knighthood; count, armiger[obs3], laird; signior[obs3], seignior; esquire, boyar, margrave, vavasour[obs3]; emir, ameer[obs3], scherif[obs3], sharif, effendi, wali; sahib; chevalier, maharaja, nawab, palsgrave[obs3], pasha, rajah, waldgrave[obs3].
	princess, begum[obs3], duchess, marchioness; countess &c.; lady, dame; memsahib; Doña, maharani, rani.
	personage of distinction, man of distinction, personage of rank, man of rank, personage of mark, man of mark; notables, notabilities; celebrity, bigwig, magnate, great man, star, superstar; big bug; big gun, great gun; gilded rooster* [U. S.]; magni nominis umbra [Lat][Lucan]; " every inch a king " [Lear].
	V. be noble &c. adj.
	Adj. noble, exalted; of rank &c. n.; princely, titled, patrician, aristocratic; high-, well-born; of gentle blood; genteel, comme il faut[Fr], gentlemanlike[obs3], courtly &c. (fashionable) 852; highly respectable.
	Adv. in high quarters.
	Phr. Adel sitzt im Gemuthe nicht im Gebluete[Ger.]; adelig und edel sind zweierlei[obs3][Ger.]; noblesse oblige[Fr.].

	#876. Commonalty. -- N. commonalty, democracy; obscurity; low condition, low life, low society, low company; bourgeoisie; mass of the people, mass of society,; Brown Jones and Robinson; lower classes, humbler classes, humbler orders; vulgar herd, common herd; rank and file, hoc genus omne[Lat]; the many, the general,the crowd, the people, the populace, the multitude, the million, the masses, the mobility, the peasantry; king Mob; proletariat; fruges consumere nati[Lat], demos, hoi polloi [Grk][Grk][Grk], great unwashed; man in the street.
	mob; rabble, rabble rout; chaff, rout, horde, canaille; scum of the people, residuum of the people, dregs of the people, dregs of society; swinish multitude, foex populi[obs3]; trash; profanum vulgus[Lat], ignobile vulgus[Lat]; vermin, riffraff, ragtag and bobtail; small fry.
	commoner, one of the people, democrat, plebeian, republican, proletary[obs3], proletaire[obs3], roturier[obs3], Mr. Snooks, bourgeois, epicier[Fr], Philistine, cockney; grisette[obs3], demimonde.
	peasant, countryman, boor, carle[obs3], churl; villain, villein; terrae filius[Latin: son of the land]; serf, kern[obs3], tyke, tike, chuff[obs3], ryot[obs3], fellah; longshoreman; swain, clown,  hind; clod, clodhopper; hobnail, yokel, bog-trotter, bumpkin; plowman, plowboy[obs3]; rustic, hayseed*, lunkhead [U. S.], chaw-bacon*[obs3], tiller of the soil; hewers of wood and drawers of water, groundling[obs3]; gaffer, loon, put, cub, Tony Lumpkin[obs3], looby[obs3], rube* [U. S.], lout, underling; gamin; rough; pot-wallopper[obs3], slubberdegullion[obs1]; vulgar fellow, low fellow; cad, curmudgeon.
	upstart, parvenu, skipjack[obs3]; nobody, nobody one knows; hesterni quirites[Lat], pessoribus orti[Lat]; bourgeois gentilhomme[Fr], novus homo[Lat], snob, gent, mushroom, no one knows who, adventurer; man of straw.
	beggar, gaberlunzie[obs3], muckworm[obs3], mudlark[obs3], sans culotte, raff[obs3], tatterdemalion, caitiff, ragamuffin, Pariah, outcast of society, tramp, vagabond, bezonian[obs3], panhandler*, sundowner[obs3], chiffonnier, Cinderella, cinderwench[obs3], scrub, jade; gossoon[obs3].
	Goth, Vandal, Hottentot, Zulu, savage, barbarian, Yahoo; unlicked cub[obs3], rough diamond[obs2].
	barbarousness, barbarism; boeotia.
	V. be ignoble &c. adj., be nobody &c. n.
	Adj. ignoble, common, mean, low, base, vile, sorry, scrubby, beggarly; below par; no great shakes &c. (unimportant) 643; homely, homespun; vulgar, low-minded; snobbish.
	plebeian, proletarian; of low parentage, of low origin, of low extraction, of mean parentage, of mean origin, of mean extraction; lowborn, baseborn, earthborn[obs3]; mushroom, dunghill, risen from the ranks; unknown to fame, obscure, untitled.
	rustic, uncivilized; loutish, boorish, clownish, churlish, brutish, raffish; rude, unlicked[obs3].
	barbarous, barbarian, barbaric, barbaresque[obs3]; cockney, born within sound of Bow bells. 
	underling, menial, subaltern.
	Adv. below the salt.
	Phr. dummodo sit dives barbarus ipse placet [Lat][Ovid].

	#877. Title. -- N. title, honor; knighthood &c. (nobility) 875.
	highness, excellency, grace; lordship, worship; reverence, reverend; esquire, sir, master, Mr., signor, señor, Mein Herr[Ger], mynheer[obs3]; your honor, his honor; serene highness; handle to one's name.
	decoration, laurel, palm, wreath, garland, bays, medal, ribbon, riband, blue ribbon, cordon, cross, crown, coronet, star, garter; feather, feather in one,s cap; epaulet, epaulette, colors, cockade; livery; order, arms, shield, scutcheon; reward &c. 973.

M4  Properties of mental objects R543 to R546 [[truth]]
    <-- veracity, falsehood, deception, untruth  
 	(generally adjectives)  idiotic, absurd, clever  -->
<--  	R494  Truth,   	R495  Error,
		543.	Veracity..	544.	Falsehood
		545.	Deception  	546.	Untruth
	ref M8.1.2 Modes of communication
     (Are these properties of a communication, i.e. a communication act? or properties of the ideas communicated?  Here the ideas are treated as autonomous objects, independent of the mind conceiving them, and these properties are therefore properties of the objects per se.)  
	&& add other properties(peculiar to ideas)?: surprising, obvious, well-known, hard-to-believe, verifiable, unverifiable; [open, latent: see communication]
	note "transparent deception" - here deception is a type of communication.  Needs cross-reference.
	In addition to properties of ideas, the "minds" themselves have properties, such as clever, stupid.  These are included under M7.3.2, Complex Voluntary Action (R692 to R699-) (e.g. conduct, skill). -->

M4.1 Properties of Concepts 
[[fact]]
M4.1.1 truth (R494)
 	#494. [Object of knowledge.]  Truth. -- N. fact, reality &c. (existence) 1; plain fact, plain matter of fact; nature &c. (principle) 5; truth, verity; gospel, gospel truth, God's honest truth; orthodoxy &c. 983a; authenticity; veracity &c. 543; correctness, correctitude[obs3].
	accuracy, exactitude; exactness, preciseness &c. adj.; precision, delicacy; rigor, mathematical precision, punctuality; clockwork precision &c. (regularity) 80; conformity to rule; nicety.
	orthology[obs3]; ipsissima verba[Lat]; realism.
	plain truth, honest truth, sober truth, naked truth, unalloyed truth, unqualified truth, stern truth, exact truth, intrinsic truth; nuda veritas[Lat]; the very thing; not an -illusion &c. 495; real Simon Pure; unvarnished tale, unvarnished  truth; the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth; just the thing.
	V. be true &c. adj., be the case; sand the test; have the true ring; hold good, hold true, hold water.
	render true, prove true &c. adj.; substantiate &c. (evidence) 467.
	get at the truth &c. (discover) 480a.
	Adj. real, actual &c. (existing) 1; veritable, true; right, correct; certain &c. 474; substantially true, categorically true, definitively true  &c; true to the letter, true as gospel; unimpeachable; veracious &c. 543; unreconfuted[obs3], unconfuted[obs3]; unideal[obs3], unimagined; realistic.
	exact, accurate, definite, precise, well-defined, just, just so, so;  strict, severe; close &c. (similar) 17; literal; rigid, rigorous; scrupulous &c. (conscientious) 939; religiously exact, punctual, mathematical, scientific; faithful, constant, unerring; curious, particular, nice, delicate, fine; clean-cut, clear-cut.
	verified, empirically true, experimentally verified, substantiated, proven (demonstrated) 478.
	rigorously true, unquestionably true.
	true by definition.
 	genuine, authentic, legitimate; orthodox &c. 983a; official, ex officio.
	[ref: standard, norm (normality) R80].
	pure, natural, sound, sterling; unsophisticated, unadulterated, unvarnished, unalloyed, uncolored; in its true colors; pukka[obs3].
	well-grounded, well founded; solid, substantial, tangible, valid; undistorted, undisguised; unaffected, unexaggerated, unromantic, unflattering.
	Adv. truly &c. adj.; verily, indeed, really, in reality; with truth &c. (veracity) 543; certainly &c. (certain) 474; actually &c. (existence) 1; in effect &c. (intrinsically) 5.
	exactly &c. adj.; ad amussim[Lat]; verbatim, verbatim et literatim [Lat]; word for word, literally, literatim[Lat], totidem vervis[Lat], sic, to the letter, chapter and verse, ipsissimis verbis[Lat]; ad unguem[Lat]; to an inch; to a nicety, to a hair, to a tittle, to a turn, to a T; au pied de la lettre [Fr]; neither more nor less; in every respect, in all respects; sous tous les rapports[Fr]; at any rate, at all events; strictly speaking.
	Phr. the truth is, the fact is; rem acu tetigisti[obs3][Lat]; en suivant la verite [Fr]; ex facto jus oritur [Lat]; la verita e figlia del empo [It]; locos y ninos dicen la verdad [Spanish: crazy people and children tell the truth]; nihil est veritatis luce dulcius [Lat][Cicero]; veritas nunquam perit [Lat][Seneca]; veritatem dies aperit [Lat][Seneca]; " the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth "; " just the facts, ma'am, just the facts." [Dragnet].

<-- [[error]]  -->
M4.1.2 Error (R495)
	#495. Error. -- N. error, fallacy; misconception, misapprehension, misstanding[obs3], misunderstanding; inexactness &c. adj.; laxity; misconstruction &c. (misinterpretation) 523; miscomputation &c. (misjudgment) 481; non sequitur &c. 477; mis-statement, mis-report; mumpsimus[obs3].
	mistake; miss, fault, blunder, quiproquo, cross purposes, oversight, misprint, erratum, corrigendum, slip, blot, flaw, loose thread; trip, stumble &c. (failure) 732; botchery &c. (want of skill) 699[obs3]; slip of the tongue, slip of the lip, Freudian slip; slip of the pen; lapsus linguae[Lat], clerical error; bull &c. (absurdity) 497; haplography[obs3].
	illusion, delusion; snare; false impression, false idea; bubble; self-decit, self-deception; mists of error.
	heresy &c. (heterodoxy) 984; hallucination &c. (insanity) 503; false light &c. (fallacy of vision) 443; dream &c. (fancy) 515; fable &c. (untruth) 546; bias &c. (misjudgment) 481; misleading &c. v.
	V. be erroneous &c. adj.
	cause error; mislead, misguide; lead astray, lead into error; beguile, misinform &c. (misteach) 538[obs3]; delude; give a false impression, give a false idea; falsify, misstate; deceive &c. 545; lie &c. 544.
	err; be -in error &c. adj., be mistaken &c. v.; be deceived &c. (duped) 547; mistake, receive a false impression, deceive oneself; fall into error, lie under error, labor under an error &c. n.; be in the wrong, blunder; misapprehend, misconceive, misunderstand, misreckon, miscount, miscalculate &c. (misjudge) 481.
	play at cross purposes , be at cross purposes &c. (misinterpret) 523.
	trip, stumble; lose oneself &c. (uncertainty) 475; go astray; fail &c. 732; be in the wrong box; take the wrong sow by the ear &c. (mismanage) 699; put the saddle on the wrong horse; reckon without one's host; take the shadow for the substance &c. (credulity) 486; dream &c. (imagine) 515.
	Adj. erroneous, untrue, false, devoid of truth, fallacious, apocryphal, unreal, ungrounded, groundless; unsubstantial &c. 4; heretical &c. (heterodox) 984; unsound; illogical &c. 477.
	inexact, unexact inaccurate[obs3], incorrect; indefinite &c. (uncertain) 475.
	illusive, illusory; delusive; mock, ideal &c. (imaginary) 515; spurious &c. 545; deceitful &c. 544; perverted.
	controvertible, unsustainable; unauthenticated, untrustworthy.
	exploded, refuted; discarded.
	in error, under an error &c. n.; mistaken &c. v.; tripping &c. v.; out, out in one's reckoning; aberrant; beside the mark, wide of the mark,  wide of the truth, way off, far off; astray &c. (at fault) 475; on a false scent, on the wrong scent; in the wrong box, outside the ballpark; at cross purposes, all in the wrong; all out.
	Adv. more or less.
	Phr. errare est humanum[Lat]; mentis gratissimus error [Lat][Horace]; "on the dubious waves of error tost" [Cowper]; "to err is human, to forgive divine" [Pope]; "you lie -- under a mistake" [Shelley].

M4.1.3 Veracity (R543)
	#543. Veracity.-- N. veracity; truthfulness, frankness, &c. adj.; truth, sincerity, candor, unreserve[obs2], honesty, fidelity; plain dealing, bona fides[Lat]; love of truth; probity &c. 939; ingenuousness &c. (artlessness) 703.
	the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth; unvarnished tale; light of truth.
	honest truth, sober truth &c. (fact) 494.
	V. speak the truth, tell the truth; speak by the card; paint in its true colors, show oneself in one's true colors; make a clean breast &c. (disclose) 529; speak one's mind &c. (be blunt) 703; not lie &c. 544, not deceive &c. 545.
	Adj. truthful, true; veracious, veridical; scrupulous &c. (honorable) 939; sincere, candid, frank, open, straightforward, unreserved; open hearted, true hearted, simple-hearted; honest, trustworthy; undissembling &c. (dissemble &c. 544)[obs3]; guileless, pure; truth-loving; unperjured[obs3]; true blue, as good as one's word; unaffected, unfeigned, bona fide; outspoken, ingenuous &c. (artless) 703.
	uncontrived.
	genuine, undisguised &c. (real) 494.
	Adv. truly &c. (really) 494; in plain words &c. 703; in truth, with truth, of a truth, in good truth; as the dial to the sun, as the needle to the pole; honor bright; troth; in good sooth[obs3], in good earnest; unfeignedly, with no nonsense, in sooth[obs3], sooth to say[obs3], bona fide, in foro conscientiae[Lat]; without equivocation; cartes sur table, from the bottom of one's heart; by my troth &c. (affirmation) 535.
	Phr. di il vero a affronterai il diavolo[It][obs3]; Dichtung und Wahrheit[Ger]; esto quod esse videris[Lat]; magna est veritas et praevalet[Lat]; "that golden key that opes the palace of eternity" [Milton]; veritas odium parit[Lat]; veritatis simplex oratio est[Lat]; verite sans peur[Fr].

M4.1.4 falsehood (R544) 
<-- should clarify distinction between untruth generally (objectively false) and untruth in communication (lie, deception) -->
	#544. Falsehood. -- N. falsehood, falseness; falsity, falsification; deception &c. 545; untruth &c. 546; guile; lying &c. 454; untruth &c. 546; guile; lying &c. v. misrepresentation; mendacity, perjury, false swearing; forgery, invention, fabrication; subreption[obs3]; covin[obs3].
	perversion of truth, suppression of truth; suppressio veri[Lat]; perversion, distortion, false coloring; exaggeration &c. 549; prevarication, equivocation, shuffling, fencing, evasion, fraud; suggestio falsi &c. (lie) 546[Lat]; mystification &c. (concealment) 528;  dissimulation, dissembling; deceit; blague[obs3].
	sham; pretense, pretending, malingering.
	lip homage, lip service; mouth honor; hollowness; mere show, mere outside; duplicity, double dealing, insincerity, hypocrisy, cant, humbug; jesuitism, jesuitry; pharisaism; Machiavelism, "organized hypocrisy"; crocodile tears, mealy-mouthedness[obs3], quackery; charlatanism[obs3], charlatanry; gammon; bun-kum[obs3], bumcombe, flam; bam*[obs3], flimflam, cajolery, flattery; Judas kiss; perfidy &c. (bad faith) 940; il volto sciolto i pensieri stretti[It].
	unfairness &c. (dishonesty) 940; artfulness &c. (cunning) 702; misstatement &c. (error) 495.
	{{property_of}}  forgery, fake, phony, counterfeit, sham; simulation.
	{{similar_to: imitation, R19}}.
	{{similar_to: copy, R21}}.
	V. be false &c. adj., be a liar &c. 548; speak falsely &c. adv.; tell a lie &c. 546; lie, fib; lie like a trooper; swear false, forswear, perjure oneself, bear false witness.
	misstate, misquote, miscite[obs3], misreport, misrepresent; belie, falsify, pervert, distort; put a false construction upon &c. (misinterpret)
	prevaricate, equivocate, quibble; palter, palter to the understanding; repondre en Normand[Fr]; trim, shuffle, fence, mince the truth, beat about the bush, blow hot and cold, play fast and loose.
	garble, gloss over, disguise, give a color to; give a gloss, put a gloss, put false coloring upon; color, varnish, cook, dress up, embroider; varnish right and puzzle wrong; exaggerate &c. 549; blague[obs3].
	invent, fabricate; trump up, get up; force, fake, hatch, concoct; romance &c. (imagine) 515; cry "wolf!".
	dissemble, dissimulate.
	pretend, feign, assume, put on, fake it, make believe; affect &c. 855.
	play possum, play dead; play false, play a double game; coquet; act a part, play a part;  simulate, pass off for; counterfeit, sham, make a show of; say the grapes are sour.
	malinger.
	cant, play the hypocrite, sham Abraham, faire pattes de velours, put on the mask, clean the outside of the platter, lie like a conjuror.
	hand out false colors, hold out false colors, sail under false colors; "commend the poisoned chalice to the lips" [Macbeth]; ambiguas in vulgum spargere voces [Lat]; deceive &c. 545.
	Adj. false, deceitful, mendacious, unveracious, fraudulent, dishonest, faithless, truthless, trothless; unfair, uncandid; hollow-hearted; evasive; uningenuous, disingenuous; hollow, sincere, Parthis mendacior; forsworn.
	artificial, contrived; canting; hypocritical, jesuitical, pharisaical; tartuffish; Machiavelian; double, double tongued, double faced, double handed, double minded, double hearted, double dealing; Janus faced; smooth-faced, smooth spoken, smooth tongued; plausible; mealy-mouthed; affected &c. 855.
	collusive, collusory; artful &c. (cunning) 702; perfidious &c. 940; spurious &c. (deceptive) 545; untrue &c. 546; falsified &c. v.; covinous.
	bogus, pseudo-, fake.
	{{similar_to: phony, ersatz, imitation &c. R19}}.
	Adv. falsely &c. adj.; a la tartufe, with a double tongue; silly &c. (cunning) R702.
	Phr. blandae mendacia lingua[Lat]; falsus in uno falsus in omnibus[Lat]; "I give him joy that's awkward at a lie" [Young]; la mentira tiene las piernas cortas [Sp]; "O what a goodly outside falsehood hath" [Merchant of Venice].

M4.1.5 Deception (R545)
	#545. Deception. -- N. deception; falseness &c. 544; untruth &c. 546; imposition, imposture; fraud, deceit, guile; fraudulence, fraudulency[obs3]; covin[obs3]; knavery &c. (cunning) 702; misrepresentation &c. (falsehood) 544; bluff; straw-bail, straw bid [U.S.]; spoof*.
	delusion, gullery[obs3]; juggling, jugglery[obs3]; slight of hand, legerdemain; prestigiation[obs1], prestidigitation; magic &c. 992; conjuring, conjuration; hocus-pocus, escamoterie[obs3], jockeyship[obs3]; trickery, coggery[obs1], chicanery; supercherie[obs3], cozenage[obs3], circumvention, ingannation[obs1], collusion; treachery &c. 940; practical joke.
	trick, cheat, wile, blind, feint, plant, bubble, fetch, catch, chicane, juggle, reach, hocus, bite; card sharping, stacked deck, loaded dice, quick shuffle, double dealing, dealing seconds, dealing from the bottom of the deck; artful dodge, swindle; tricks upon travelers; stratagem &c. (artifice) 702; confidence trick, fake, hoax; theft &c. 791; ballot-box stuffing  barney*[obs3][U.S.], brace* game, bunko game, drop* game, gum* game,  panel game[U.S.]; shell game, thimblerig; skin* game [U.S.].
	snare, trap, pitfall, decoy, gin; springe[obs3], springle[obs1]; noose, hoot; bait, decoy-duck, tub to the whale, baited trap, guet-a-pens; cobweb, net, meshes, toils, mouse trap, birdlime; dionaea[obs3], Venus's flytrap[obs3]; ambush &c. 530; trapdoor, sliding panel, false bottom; spring-net, spring net, spring gun, mask, masked battery; mine; flytrap[obs3]; green goods [U.S.]; panel house.
	Cornish hug; wolf in sheep's clothing &c. (deceiver) 548; disguise, disguisement[obs3]; false colors, masquerade, mummery, borrowed plumes; pattes de velours[Fr].
	mockery &c. (imitation) 19; copy &c. 21.
	counterfeit, forgery, fraud, phony, sham, make-believe; [lie &c. 546].
	"a delusion a mockery and a snare" [Denman], hollow mockery.
	whited sepulcher, painted sepulcher; tinsel; paste, junk jewelry, costume jewelry, false jewelry, synthetic jewels; scagliola[obs3], ormolu, German silver, albata[obs3], paktong[obs3], white metal, Britannia metal, paint; veneer; jerry building; man of straw.
	illusion &c. (error) 495; ignis fatuus [Lat] &c. 423; mirage &c. 443.
	V. deceive, take in; defraud, cheat, jockey, do, cozen, diddle, nab, chouse, play one false, bilk, cully[obs3], jilt, bite, pluck, swindle, victimize; abuse; mystify; blind one's eyes; blindfold, hoodwink; throw dust into the eyes; dupe, gull, hoax, fool, befool[obs3], bamboozle, flimflam, hornswoggle; trick.
	impose upon, practice upon, play upon, put upon, palm off on, palm upon, foist upon; snatch a verdict; bluff off, bluff; bunko, four flush*, gum* [U.S.], spoof*, stuff (a ballot box) [U.S.].
	circumvent, overreach; outreach, out wit, out maneuver; steal a march upon, give the go-by, to leave in the lurch
	decoy, waylay, lure, beguile, delude, inveigle; entrap, intrap[obs3], ensnare; nick, springe[obs3]; set a trap, lay a trap, lay a snare for; bait the hook, forelay[obs3], spread the toils, lime;  trapan[obs3], trepan; kidnap; let in, hook in; nousle[obs3], nousel[obs3]; blind a trail; enmesh, immesh[obs3]; shanghai; catch, catch in a trap; sniggle, entangle, illaqueate[obs3], hocus, escamoter[obs3], practice on one's credulity; hum, humbug; gammon, stuff up*, sell; play a trick upon one, play a practical joke upon one, put something over on one, put one over on; balk, trip up, throw a tub to a whale; fool to the top of one's bent, send on a fool's errand; make game, make a fool of, make an April fool of[obs3], make an ass of; trifle with, cajole, flatter; come over &c. (influence) 615; gild the pill,  make things pleasant, divert, put a good face upon; dissemble &c. 544.
	cog, cog the dice, load the dice, stack the deck; live by one's wits, play at hide and seek; obtain money under false pretenses &c. (steal) 791; conjure, juggle, practice chicanery; deacon [U.S.].
	play off, palm off, foist off, fob- off.
	lie &c. 544; misinform &c. 538; mislead &c. (error) 495; betray &c. 940; be deceived &c. 547.
	Adj. deceived &c. v.; deceiving &c; cunning &c. 702; prestigious[obs1], prestigiatory[obs1]; deceptive, deceptious[obs3]; deceitful, covinous[obs3]; delusive, delusory; illusive, illusory; elusive, insidious, ad captandum vulgus[Lat].
	untrue &c. 546; mock, sham, make-believe, counterfeit, snide*, pseudo, spurious, supposititious, so-called, pretended, feigned, trumped up, bogus, scamped, fraudulent, tricky, factitious;bastard; surreptitious, illegitimate, contraband, adulterated, sophisticated; unsound, rotten at the core; colorable; disguised; meretricious, tinsel, pinchbeck, plated; catchpenny; Brummagem.
	artificial, synthetic, ersatz[&German]; simulated &c. 544.
	Adv. under false colors, under the garb of, under cover of; over the left.
	Phr.  "keep the word of promise to the ear and break it to the hope" [Macbeth]; fronti nulla fides[Lat]; "ah that deceit should steal such gentle shapes" [Richard III]; "a quicksand of deceit" [Henry VI]; decipimur specie recti [Lat][Horace]; falsi crimen[Lat]; fraus est celare fraudem[Lat]; lupus in fabula[Lat]; "so smooth, he daubed his vice with show of virtue" [Richard III].

M4.1.6 Untruth (546)
	#546. Untruth.-- N. untruth, falsehood, lie, story, thing that is not, fib, bounce, crammer, taradiddle[obs3], whopper; jhuth[obs3].
	forgery, fabrication, invention; misstatement, misrepresentation; perversion, falsification, gloss, suggestio falsi[Lat]; exaggeration &c. 549.
	invention, fabrication, fiction; fable, nursery tale; romance &c. (imagination) 515; absurd story, untrue story, false story, trumped up story, trumped up statement, frame; thing devised by the enemy; canard; shave, sell, hum, traveler's tale, Canterbury tale, cock and bull story, fairy tale, fake;  claptrap.
	press agent's yarn; puff, puffery (exaggeration) 549.
	myth, moonshine, bosh, mare's nest, farce, all my eye and Betty Martin.
	irony; half truth, white lie, pious fraud; mental reservation &c. (concealment) 528.
	pretense, pretext; false plea &c. 617; subterfuge, evasion, shift, shuffle, make-believe; sham &c. (deception) 545.
	profession, empty words; Judas kiss &c. (hypocrisy) 544; disguise &c. (mask) 530.
	V. have a false meaning.
	Adj. untrue, false, phony, trumped up; void of foundation, without- foundation; fictive, far from the truth, false as dicer's oaths; unfounded, ben trovato[It], invented, fabulous, fabricated, forged; fictitious, factitious, supposititious, surreptitious; elusory[obs3], illusory; ironical; soi-disant &c. (misnamed) 565[Fr].
	Phr. se non e vero e ben trovato[It]; "where none is meant that meets the ear"[Milton].

M4.2  properties of the affective faculty  {{has_property(mind, R450)}}
	#822. Sensibility. -- N. sensibility, sensibleness, sensitiveness; moral sensibility; impressibility, affectibility[obs3]; susceptibleness, susceptibility, susceptivity[obs3]; mobility; vivacity, vivaciousness; tenderness, softness; sentimental, sentimentality; sentimentalism.
	excitability &c. 825; fastidiousness &c. 868; physical sensibility &c. 375.
	sore point, sore place; where the shoe pinches.
	{{has_high_intensity}} excitement, agitation.
	{{has_high_intensity: excitability, R825)}}.
	{{caused_by(excitement): excitation, R824}} pressure, tension, high pressure.
	{{caused_by(excitement)}} stimulation, agitation, perturbation.
	V. be sensible &c. adj.; have a tender heart, have a warm heart, have a sensitive heart.
	take to heart, treasure up in the heart; shrink.
	"die of a rose in aromatic pain" [Pope]; touch to the quick; touch on the raw, touch a raw nerve.
	Adj. sensible, sensitive; impressible, impressionable; susceptive, susceptible; alive to, impassionable[obs3], gushing; warm hearted, tender hearted, soft hearted; tender as a chicken; soft, sentimental, romantic; enthusiastic, highflying[obs3], spirited, mettlesome, vivacious, lively, expressive, mobile, tremblingly alive; excitable &c. 825; oversensitive, without skin, thin-skinned; fastidious &c. 868.
	Adv. sensibly &c. adj; to the quick, to the inmost core.
	Phr. mens aequa in arduis[Lat]; pour salt in the wound.

<-- && insensibility has several concepts together (unconscious, indifferent).  These should be separated  -->
	#823. Insensibility. -- N. insensibility, insensibleness[obs3]; moral insensibility; inertness, inertia; vis inertiae[Lat]; impassibility, impassibleness; inappetency[obs3], apathy, phlegm, dullness, hebetude[obs3], supineness, lukewarmness[obs3].
	dispassion, emotionlessness, lack of feeling.
	cold fit, cold blood, cold heart; coldness, coolness; frigidity, sang froid[Fr]; stoicism, imperturbation &c. (inexcitability) 826[obs3].
	nonchalance, unconcern, dry eyes; insouciance &c. (indifference) 866; recklessness &c. 863; callousness; heart of stone, stock and stone, marble, deadness.
	torpor, torpidity; obstupefaction[obs1], lethargy.
	coma, trance, unconsciousness, catatonia, vegetative state, brain death; sleep &c. 683; suspended animation; stupor, obliviousness, stupefaction.
	paralysis, palsy.
	numbness &c. (physical  insensibility) 376.
	neutrality; quietism, vegetation.
	V. be insensible &c. adj.; have a rhinoceros hide; show insensibility &c. n.; not mind, not care, not be affected by; have no desire for &c. 866; have no interest in, feel no interest in, take no interest in; nil admirari[Lat]; not care a straw &c. (unimportance) 643 for; disregard &c. (neglect) 460; set at naught &c. (make light of) 483; turn a deaf ear to &c. (inattention) 458; vegetate.
	render insensible, render callous; blunt, obtund[obs3], numb, benumb, paralyze, deaden, hebetate[obs3], stun, stupefy; brutify[obs3]; brutalize; chloroform, anaesthetize[obs3], put under; assify[obs3].
	inure; harden the heart; steel, caseharden, sear.
	Adj. insensible; impassive, impassible; blind to, deaf to, dead to; unsusceptible, insusceptible; unimpressionable[obs3], unimpressible[obs3].
	passionless, emotionless, unemotional, spiritless, heartless, soulless; unfeeling, unsympathetic, unmoral.
	leuco-, phlegmatic; dull.
	frigid; cold blooded, cold hearted; cold as charity.
	flat, maudlin, obtuse, inert, supine, sluggish, torpid, torpedinous[obs3], torporific[obs3].
	sleepy &c. (inactive) 683; languid, listless, lethargic, half-hearted, tame.
	numbed.
	comatose, catatonic, unconscious, senseless, unaware, vegetative, vegetating, brain-dead; stupefied, drugged, stoned, spaced out.
	chloroformed, anaesthetic &c. 376.
	palsy-stricken.
	[ref: inattentive &c. 458; neglectful &c. 460].
	[ref: apathetic, indifferent  &c. 866; aloof, lukewarm, withdrawn, detached; careless, mindless, regardless, disregarding; unconcerned, nonchalant, pococurante[obs3], insouciant, sans souci[Fr]].
	unaffected, unruffled, unimpressed,  uninspired, unexcited, unmoved, unstirred, untouched, unshocked[obs3], unstruck[obs3]; unblushing &c. (shameless) 885; unanimated; vegetative.
	callous, hardhearted, thick-skinned, hard-nosed, pachydermatous, impervious; hardened; inured, casehardened; steeled against, proof against.
	imperturbable &c. (inexcitable) 826[obs3]; unfelt.
	Adv. insensibly &c. adj.; aequo animo[Lat]; without being moved, without being touched, without being impressed; in cold blood; with dry eyes, with withers unwrung[obs3].
	Phr. never mind; macht nichts [German], it is of no consequence &c. (unimportant) 643; it cannot be helped; nothing coming amiss; it is all the same to, it is all one to.

<-- hrere excitation is the act of exciting, not the state of excitement.  The state is included under sensibility, as a high level thereof. Some words (e.g. agitation) describe both the process and the resulting state.
-->
	#824.  Excitation. -- N. {{caused_by(feeling, emotion)}} excitation of feeling, animation, excitement.
	stimulation, galvanism, provocation, calling forth, stirring up, suscitation[obs3], infection, piquance, piquancy.
	agitation, perturbation.
	inspiration.
	subjugation, fascination, intoxication, entrancement, enravishment[obs3].
	unction, impressiveness &c. adj.
	{[in_frame(journalism)]} sensationalism, yellow journalism; screeming headlines.
	trail of temper, casus belli[Lat]; irritation &c. (anger) 900; passion &c. (state of excitability) 825; thrill &c. (feeling) 821; repression of feeling &c. 826.
	V. excite, affect, touch, move, impress, strike, interest, animate, inspire, impassion, smite, infect; stir the blood, fire the blood, warm the blood; wake, awake, awaken; call forth, evoke, provoke; set astir; raise up, summon up, call up, wake up, blow up, get up, light up; raise; get up the steam; fire, kindle, enkindle, apply the torch, set on fire, inflame.
	stimulate, rouse, arouse; inspirit; spirit up, stir, stir up, work up, pique; infuse life into, give new life to; bring new blood, introduce new blood; quicken; sharpen, whet; work upon &c. (incite) 615; hurry on, give a fillip, put on one's mettle; exsuscitate[obs1].
	fan the fire, fan the flame; blow the coals, stir the embers; fan into a flame; foster, heat, warm, foment, raise to a fever heat; keep up, keep the pot boiling; revive, rekindle; rake up, rip up.
	stir the feelings, play on the feelings, come home to the feelings; touch a string, touch a chord, touch the soul, touch the heart; go to one's heart, penetrate, pierce, go through one, touch to the quick; possess the soul, pervade the soul, penetrate the soul, imbrue the soul, absorb the soul, affect the soul, disturb the soul.
	absorb, rivet the attention; sink into the mind, sink into the heart; prey on the mind, distract; intoxicate; overwhelm, overpower; bouleverser[Fr], upset, turn one's head.
	fascinate; enrapture &c. (give pleasure) 829.
	agitate, perturb, ruffle, fluster, shake, disturb, startle, shock, stagger; give one a shock, give one a turn; strike all of a heap; stun, astound, electrify, galvanize, petrify.
	irritate, sting; cut to the heart, cut to the quick; try one's temper; fool to the top of one's bent, pique; infuriate, madden, make one's blood boil; lash into fury &c. (wrath) 900.
	be excited &c. adj.; flush up, flare up; catch the infection; thrill &c. (feel) 821; mantle; work oneself up; seethe, boil, simmer, foam, fume, flame, rage, rave; run mad &c. (passion) 825.
	Adj. excited &c. v.; wrought up, up the qui vive[Fr], astir, sparkling; in a quiver &c. 821, in a fever, in a ferment, in a blaze, in a state of excitement; in hysterics; black in the face, overwrought, tense, taught, on a razor's edge; hot, red-hot, flushed, feverish; all of a twitter, in a pucker; with quivering lips, with tears in one's eyes.
	flaming; boiling over; ebullient, seething; foaming at the mouth; fuming, raging, carried away by passion, wild, raving, frantic, mad, distracted, beside oneself, out of one's wits, ready to burst, bouleverse[obs3], demoniacal.
	lost, eperdu[Fr], tempest-tossed; haggard; ready to sink.
	stung to the quick, up, on one;s high ropes.
	exciting, absorbing, riveting, distracting  &c. v.; impressive, warm, glowing, fervid, swelling, imposing, spirit-stirring, thrilling; high-wrought; soul-stirring, soul-subduing; heart-stirring, heart-swelling, heart-thrilling; agonizing &c. (painful) 830; telling, sensational, hysterical; overpowering, overwhelming; more than flesh and blood can bear; yellow.
	piquant &c. (pungent) 392; spicy, appetizing, provocative, provoquant[obs3], tantalizing.
	eager to go, anxious to go, chafing at the bit.
	Adv. till one is black in the face.
	Phr. the heart beating high, the heart going pitapat, the heart leaping into one's mouth; the blood being up, the blood boiling in one's veins; the eye glistening - "in a fine frenzy rolling"; the head turned; "when the going gets tough, the tough get going" [Richard Nixon].

	#825. [Excess of sensitiveness] Excitability -- N. excitability, impetuosity, vehemence; boisterousness &c. adj.; turbulence; impatience, intolerance, nonendurance[obs3]; irritability &c. (irascibility) 901; itching &c. (desire) 865; wincing; disquiet, disquietude; restlessness; fidgets, fidgetiness; agitation &c. R824.
	trepidation, perturbation, ruffle, hurry, fuss, flurry; fluster, flutter; pother, stew, ferment; whirl; buck fever; hurry-skurry[obs3], thrill &c. (feeling) 821; state of excitement, fever of excitement; transport.
	passion, excitement, flush, heat; fever, heat; fire, flame, fume, blood boiling; tumult; effervescence, ebullition; boiling over; whiff, gust, story, tempest; scene, breaking out, burst, fit, paroxysm, explosion; outbreak, outburst; agony.
	violence &c. 173; fierceness &c. adj.; rage, fury, furor, furore[obs3], desperation, madness, distraction, raving, delirium; phrensy[obs3], frenzy, hysterics; intoxication; tearing passion, raging passion; anger &c. 900.
	fascination, infatuation, fanaticism; Quixotism, Quixotry; tete montee[Fr].
	V. be impatient &c. adj.; not be able to bear &c. 826; bear ill, wince, chafe, champ a bit; be in a stew &c. n.; be out of all patience, fidget, fuss, not have a wink of sleep; toss on one's pillow.
	lose one's temper &c. 900; break out, burst out, fly out; go off, fly off, fly off at a tangent, fly off the handle, lose one's cool [coll.]; explode, flare up, flame up, fire up, burst into a flame, take fire, fire, burn; boil, boil over; foam, fume, rage, rave, rant, tear;; go wild, run wild, run mad, go into hysterics; run riot, run amuck; battre la campagne[Fr][obs3], faire le diable a quatre[Fr], play the deuce.
	Adj. excitable, easily excited, in an excitable state; high-strung; irritable &c. (irascible) 901; impatient, intolerant.
	feverish, febrile, hysterical; delirious, mad, moody, maggoty-headed.
	unquiet, mercurial, electric, galvanic, hasty, hurried, restless, fidgety, fussy; chafing &c. v.
	startlish[obs3], mettlesome, high-mettled[obs3], skittish.
	vehement, demonstrative, violent, wild, furious, fierce, fiery, hot-headed, madcap.
	overzealous, enthusiastic, impassioned, fanatical; rabid &c. (eager) 865.
	rampant, clamorous, uproarious, turbulent, tempestuous, tumultuary[obs3], boisterous.
	impulsive, impetuous, passionate; uncontrolled, uncontrollable; ungovernable, irrepressible, stanchless[obs3], inextinguishable, burning, simmering, volcanic, ready to burst forth, volatile.
	excited, exciting &c. 824.
	Int. pish! pshaw!
	Phr. noli me tangere[Lat]; "filled with fury, rapt, inspir'd" [Collins]; maggiore fretta minore atto[It].

	#826. [Absence of excitability, or of excitement.] Inexcitability. -- N. inexcitability[obs3], imperturbability, inirritability[obs3]; even temper, tranquil mind, dispassion; tolerance, patience, coolth [coll.].
	passiveness &c. (physical inertness) 172; hebetude[obs3], hebetation[obs3]; impassibility &c. (insensibility) 823; stupefaction.
	coolness, calmness &c. adj.; composure, placidity, indisturbance[obs3], imperturbation[obs3], sang froid[Fr], tranquility, serenity; quiet, quietude; peace of mind, mental calmness.
	staidness &c. adj.; gravity, sobriety, Quakerism[obs3]; philosophy, equanimity, stoicism, command of temper; self-possession, self-control, self-command, self-restraint, ice water in one's veins; presence of mind.
	submission &c. 725; resignation; sufferance, supportance[obs3], endurance, longsufferance[obs3], forbearance; longanimity[obs3]; fortitude; patience of Job, patience "on a monument" [Twelfth Night], patience "sovereign o'er transmuted ill" [Johnson]; moderation; repression of feelings, subjugation of feeling; restraint &c. 751.
	tranquillization &c. (moderation) 174[obs3].
	V. be composed &c. adj.
	laisser faire[Fr], laisser aller[Fr]; take things easily, take things as they come; take it easy, rub on, live and let live; take easily, take cooly[obs3], take in good part; aequam servare mentem [Latin].
	bear the brunt, bear well; go through, support, endure, brave, disregard.
	tolerate, suffer, stand, bide; abide, aby[obs3]; bear with, put up with, take up with, abide with; acquiesce; submit &c. (yield) 725; submit with a good grace; resign oneself to, reconcile oneself to; brook, digest, eat, swallow, pocket, stomach.
	make light of, make the best of, make "a virtue of necessity" [Chaucer]; put a good face on, keep one's countenance; check &c. 751 check oneself.
	compose, appease &c. (moderate)174; propitiate; repress &c. (restrain) 751; render insensible &c. 823; overcome one's excitability, allay one's excitability, repress one's excitability &c. 825; master one's feelings.
	make oneself easy; make one's mind easy; set one's mind at ease, set one's mind at rest.
	calm down, cool down; gentle; thaw, grow cool.
	be borne, be endured; go down.
	Adj. inexcitable[obs3], unexcitable; imperturbable; unsusceptible &c. (insensible) 823; unpassionate[obs3], dispassionate; cold-blooded, irritable; enduring &c. v.; stoical, Platonic, philosophic, staid, stayed; sober, sober minded; grave; sober as a judge, grave as a judge; sedate, demure, cool-headed.
	easy-going, peaceful, placid, calm; quiet as a mouse; tranquil, serene; cool as a cucumber, cool as a custard; undemonstrative.
	temperate &c. (moderate) 174; composed, collected; unexcited, unstirred, unruffled, undisturbed, unperturbed, unimpassioned; unoffended[obs3]; unresisting.
	meek, tolerant; patient, patient as Job; submissive &c. 725; tame; content, resigned, chastened, subdued, lamblike[obs3]; gentle as a lamb; suaviter in modo[Lat]; mild as mothers milk; soft as peppermint; armed with patience, bearing with, clement, long-suffering.
	Adv. "like patience on a monument smiling at grief" [Twelfth Night]; aequo animo[Lat], in cold blood &c. 823; more in sorrow than in anger.
	Int.  patience! and shuffle the cards.
	Phr. "cool calm and collected", keep calm in the midst of a storm; "adversity's sweet milk, philosophy" [Romeo and Juliet]; mens aequa in arduis philosophia stemma non inspecite [Lat][Seneca]; quo me cumque rapit tempestas deferor hospes [Lat][Horace]; "they also serve who only stand and wait" [Milton].

M5  Simple Actions of or on Mental Objects
M5.1  Thought generally R451

	#451. Thought. -- N. thought; exercitation of the intellect[obs3], exercise of the intellect; intellection; reflection, cogitation, consideration, meditation, study, lucubration, speculation, deliberation, pondering; head work, brain work; cerebration; deep reflection; close study, application &c. (attention) 457.
	abstract thought, abstraction contemplation, musing; brown study &c. (inattention) 458; reverie, Platonism; depth of thought, workings of the mind, thoughts, inmost thoughts; self-counsel self-communing, self-consultation; philosophy of the Absolute, philosophy of the Academy, philosophy of the Garden, philosophy of the lyceum, philosophy of the Porch.
	association of thought, succession of thought, flow of thought, train of thought, current of thought, association of ideas, succession of ideas, flow of ideas, train of ideas, current of ideas.
	after thought, mature thought; reconsideration, second thoughts; retrospection &c. (memory) 505; excogitation[obs3]; examination &c. (inquiry) 461 invention &c. (imagination) 515.
	thoughtfulness &c. adj.
	V. think, reflect, cogitate, excogitate[obs3], consider, deliberate; bestow thought upon, bestow consideration upon; speculate, contemplate, meditate, ponder, muse, dream, ruminate; brood over, con over; animadvert, study; bend -, apply mind &c. (attend) 457; digest, discuss, hammer at, weigh, perpend; realize, appreciate; fancy &c. (imagine) 515; trow[obs3].
	take into consideration; take counsel &c. (be advised) 695; commune with oneself, bethink oneself; collect one's thoughts; revolve in the mind, turn over in the mind, run over in the mind; chew the cud upon, sleep upon; take counsel of one's pillow, advise with one's pillow.
	rack one's brains, ransack one's brains, crack one's brains,  beat one's brains, cudgel one's brains; set one's brain to work, set one's wits to work.
	harbor an idea, entertain an idea, cherish an idea, nurture an idea &c. 453; take into one's head; bear in mind; reconsider.
	occur; present itself, suggest itself; come into one's head,  get into one's head; strike one, flit across the view, come uppermost, run in one s head; enter the mind, pass in the mind, cross the mind, flash on the mind, flash across the mind, float in the mind, fasten itself on the mind, be uppermost in the mind, occupy the mind; have in one's mind.
	make an impression; sink into the mind, penetrate into the mind; engross the thoughts.
	Adj. thinking &c. v.; thoughtful, pensive, meditative, reflective, museful[obs3], wistful, contemplative, speculative, deliberative, studious, sedate, introspective, Platonic, philosophical.
	lost in thought &c. (inattentive) 458; deep musing &c. (intent) 457.
	in the mind, under consideration.
	Adv. all things considered.
	Phr. the mind being on the stretch; the mind turning upon, the head turning upon, the mind  running upon; " divinely, bent to meditation " [Richard III]; en toute chose il faut considerer la fin[Fr][obs3]; " fresh-pluckt from bowers of never-failing thought " [O. Meredith]; " go speed the stars of Thought "[Emerson]; " in maiden meditation fancy-free " [M. N. D.]; " so sweet is zealous contemplation " [Richard  III]; " the power of thought is the magic of the Mind " [Byron]; " those that think must govern those that toil " [Goldsmith]; " thought is parent of the deed " [Carlyle]; " thoughts in attitudes imperious " [Longfellow]; " thoughts that breathe and words that burn " [Gray]; vivere est cogitare [Lat][Cicero]; Volk der Dichter und Denker [Ger].

M5.2  MATERIALS FOR REASONING  R467 to r469

	#467. Evidence [On one side.] -- N. evidence; facts, premises, data, praecognita[Lat], grounds.
	indication &c. 550; criterion &c. (test) 463.
	testimony, testification[obs3], expert testimony; attestation; deposition &c. (affirmation) 535; examination.
	admission &c. (assent) 488; authority, warrant, credential, diploma, voucher, certificate, doquet[obs3], docket; testamur[obs3]; record &c. 551; document; piece justificative[obs3]; deed, warranty &c. (security) 771; signature, seal &c. (identification) 550;  exhibit, material evidence, objective evidence.
	witness, indicator, hostile witness; eyewitness, earwitness, material witness, state's evidence; deponent; sponsor; cojuror[obs3].
	oral evidence, documentary evidence, hearsay evidence, external evidence, extrinsic evidence, internal evidence, intrinsic evidence, circumstantial evidence, cumulative evidence, ex parte evidence[Lat], presumptive evidence, collateral evidence, constructive evidence; proof &c. (demonstration) 478; evidence in chief.
	secondary evidence; confirmation, corroboration, support; ratification &c. (assent) 488; authentication; compurgation[obs3], wager of law, comprobation[obs1].
	citation, reference; legal research, literature search (experiment) 463.

	V. be evidence &c. n.; evince, show, betoken, tell of; indicate &c. (denote) 550; imply, involve, argue, bespeak, breathe.
	have weight, carry weight; tell, speak volumes; speak for itself &c. (manifest) 525.
	rest upon, depend upon; repose on.
	bear witness &c. n.; give evidence &c. n.; testify, depose, witness, vouch for; sign, seal, undersign[obs3], set one's hand and seal, sign and seal, deliver as one's act and deed, certify, attest; acknowledge &c. (assent) 488.
	[provide conclusive evidence] make absolute, confirm,  prove (demonstrate) 478.
	[add further evidence] indorse, countersign,  corroborate, support, ratify, bear out, uphold, warrant.
	adduce, attest, cite, quote; refer to, appeal to; call, call to witness; bring forward, bring into court; allege, plead; produce witnesses, confront witnesses.
	place into evidence, mark into evidence.
	[obtain evidence] collect evidence, bring together evidence, rake up evidence; experiment &c. 463.
	have a case, make out a case; establish, authenticate, substantiate, verify, make good, quote chapter and verse; bring home to, bring to book.
	Adj. showing &c. v.; indicative, indicatory; deducible &c. 478; grounded on, founded on, based on; corroborative, confirmatory.
	Adv. by inference; according to, witness, a fortiori; still more, still less; raison de plus[Fr]; in corroboration &c. n. of; valeat quantum[Lat]; under seal, under one's hand and seal.
	Phr. dictum de dicto[Lat]; mise en evidence[Fr.].

	#468. [Evidence on the other side, on the other hand.] Counter Evidence. -- N. counter evidence; evidence on the other side, evidence on the other hand; conflicting evidence, contradictory evidence, opposing evidence;  disproof, refutation &c. 479; negation &c. 536.
	plea &c. 617; vindication &c. 937 counter protest; "tu quoque" argument; other side of the shield, other side of the coin, reverse of the shield.
	V. countervail, oppose; mitigate against; rebut &c. (refute) 479; subvert &c. (destroy) 162; cheek, weaken; contravene; contradict &c. (deny) 536; tell the other side of the story, tell another story, turn the scale, alter the case; turn the tables; cut both ways; prove a negative.
	audire alteram partem[Lat].
	Adj. countervailing &c. v.; contradictory.
	unattested, unauthenticated, unsupported by evidence; supposititious.
	Adv. on the contrary, per contra.

	#469. Qualification. -- N. qualification, limitation, modification, coloring.
	allowance, grains of allowance, consideration, extenuating circumstances; mitigation.
	condition, proviso, prerequisite, contingency, stipulation, provision, specification, sine qua non[Lat]; catch, string, strings attached; exemption; exception, escape clause, salvo, saving clause; discount &c. 813; restriction; fine print.
	{{has_subtype}} {{has_manifestation(irresolution, R605): waffling, R475}}.
	V. qualify, limit, modify, leaven, give a color to, introduce new conditions, narrow, temper.
	{{has_subtype(waffle, quibble, hem and haw (be uncertain) 475}}.
	equivocate (sophistry) 477.
	depend, depend on, be contingent on (effect) 154.
	allow for, make allowance for; admit exceptions, take into account; modulate.
	moderate, temper, season, leaven.
	take exception.
	Adj. qualifying &c. v.; qualified, conditioned, restricted, hedged; conditional; exceptional &c. (unconformable) 83.
	hypothetical &c. (supposed) 514; contingent &c. (uncertain) 475.
	Adv. provided, provided that, provided always; if, unless, but, yet; according as; conditionally, admitting, supposing; on the supposition of &c. (theoretically) 514; with the understanding, even, although, though, for all that, after all, at all events.
	approximately &c. 197, 17; in a limited degree (smallness) 32;  somewhat, sort of, something like that, to a certain extent, to a degree, in a sense, so to speak.
	with grains of allowance, cum grano salis[Latin: with a grain of salt]; exceptis excipiendis[Lat]; wind and weather permitting; if possible &c. 470.
	subject to, conditioned upon; with this proviso &c. n.
	Phr. "if the good lord is willing and the creeks don't rise"; catch-22.

M5.3  Degrees of Evidence  R470 to R475  [[possibility]]
	#470. Possibility. -- N. possibility, potentiality; what may be, what is possible &c. adj.; compatibility &c. (agreement) 23.
	practicability, feasibility; practicableness &c. adj.
contingency, chance &c. 156.
	{{conceptual_part_of: tendency, liability, R177}}.
	V. be possible &c. adj.; stand a chance; admit of, bear.
	render possible &c. adj.; put in the way of.
	Adj. possible; in the cards, on the dice; in posse, within the bounds of possibility, conceivable, credible; compatible &c. 23; likely.
	practicable, feasible, performable, achievable; within reach, within measurable distance; accessible, superable[obs3], surmountable; attainable, obtainable; contingent &c. (doubtful) 475, (effect) 154.
	barely possible, marginally possible, just possible; possible but improbably, (improbable) 473; theoretically possible.
	Adv. possibly, by possibility; perhaps, perchance, peradventure; maybe, may be, haply, mayhap.
	if possible, wind and weather permitting, God willing, Deo volente[Lat], D. V. ; as luck may have it.
	Phr. misericordia Domini inter pontem et fontent[Lat]; " the glories of the Possible are ours " [B. Taylor]; anything is possible; in theory possible, but in practise unlikely.

	#471. Impossibility. -- N. impossibility &c. adj.; what cannot, what can never be; sour grapes; hopelessness &c. 859.
	V. be impossible &c. adj.; have no chance whatever.
	attempt impossibilities; square the circle, wash a blackamoor white; skin a flint; make a silk purse out of a sow's ear, make bricks without straw; have nothing to go upon; weave a rope of sand, build castles in the air, prendre la lune avec les dents[Fr], extract sunbeams from cucumbers, set the Thames on fire, milk a he-goat into a sieve, catch a weasel asleep, rompre l'anguille au genou[Fr], be in two places at once.
	Adj. impossible; not possible &c. 470; absurd, contrary to reason; unlikely; unreasonable &c. 477; incredible &c. 485; beyond the bounds of reason, beyond the bounds of possibility, beyond the realm of possibility; from which reason recoils; visionary; inconceivable &c. (improbable) 473;  prodigious &c. (wonderful) 870; unimaginable, inimaginable[obs3]; unthinkable.
	impracticable unachievable; unfeasible, infeasible; insuperable; unsurmountable[obs3], insurmountable; unattainable, unobtainable; out of reach, out of the question; not to be had, not to be thought of; beyond control; desperate &c. (hopeless) 859; incompatible &c. 24; inaccessible, uncomeatable[obs3], impassable, impervious, innavigable[obs3], inextricable; self-contradictory.
	out of one's power, beyond one's power, beyond one's  depth, beyond one's reach, beyond one's grasp; too much for; ultra crepidam[Lat].
	Phr. the grapes are sour; non possumus[Lat]; non nostrum tantas componere lites [Lat][Vergil]; look for a needle in a haystack, chercher une aiguille dans une botte de foin [obs3][Fr.]; il a le mer a boire[obs3].

	#472. Probability. -- N. probability, likelihood; credibleness[obs3]; likeliness &c. adj.;
	vraisemblance[Fr], verisimilitude, plausibility; color, semblance, show of; presumption; presumptive evidence, circumstantial evidence; credibility.
	reasonable chance, fair chance, good chance, favorable chance, reasonable prospect, fair prospect, good prospect, favorable prospect; prospect, well-grounded hope.
	{{manifestation_of: chance &c. 156}}.
	{{conceptual_part_of: tendency, liability, R177}}.
	V. be probable &c. adj.; give color to, lend color to; point to; imply &c. (evidence) 467; bid fair &c. (promise) 511; stand fair for; stand a good chance, run a good chance.
	think likely, dare say, flatter oneself; expect &c. 507; count upon &c. (believe) 484.
	Adj. probable, likely, hopeful, to be expected, in a fair way.
	plausible, specious, ostensible, colorable, ben trovato[It], well-founded, reasonable, credible, easy of belief, presumable, presumptive, apparent.
	Adv. probably &c. adj.; belike[obs3]; in all probability, in all likelihood; very likely, most likely; like enough; odds on, odds in favor, ten &c. to one; apparently, seemingly, according to every reasonable expectation; primâ facie[Lat]; to all appearance &c. (to the eye) 448.
	Phr. the chances, the odds are; appearances are in favor of, chances are in favor of; there is reason to believe, there is reason to think, there is reason to  expect; I dare say; all Lombard Street to a China orange.

	#473. Improbability. -- N. improbability, unlikelihood; unfavorable chance, bad chance, ghost of a chance, little chance, small chance, poor chance, scarcely any chance, no chance;  bare possibility; long odds; incredibility &c. 485.
	V. be improbable &c. adj.; have a small chance &c. n.
	Adj. improbable, unlikely, contrary to all reasonable expectation; wild, far out, out of sight, outtasight, heavy [all coll.].
	rare &c. (infrequent) 137; unheard of, inconceivable; unimaginable, inimaginable[obs3]; incredible &c. 485; more than doubtful; strange, bizarre (uncomformable)  83.
	Phr. the chances are against; aquila non capit muscas[Lat]; pedir peras pal olmo[Lat].

	#474. Certainty. -- N. certainty; necessity &c. 601; certitude, surety, assurance; dead certainty, moral certainty; infallibleness &c. adj.; infallibility, reliability; indubitableness, inevitableness, unquestionableness[obs3].
	gospel, scripture, church, pope, court of final appeal; res judicata[Lat], ultimatum positiveness; dogmatism, dogmatist, dogmatizer; doctrinaire, bigot, opinionist[obs3], Sir Oracle; ipse dixit[Lat].
	fact; positive fact, matter of fact; fait accompli[Fr].
	V. be certain &c. adj.; stand to reason.
	render certain &c. adj.; insure, ensure, assure; clinch, make sure; determine, decide, set at rest, " make assurance double sure " [Macbeth]; know &c. (believe) 484.
	dogmatize, lay down the law.
	Adj. certain, sure, assured &c. v.; solid, well-founded.
	unqualified, absolute, positive, determinate, definite, clear, unequivocal, categorical, unmistakable, decisive, decided, ascertained.
	inevitable, unavoidable, avoidless[obs3]; ineluctable.
	unerring, infallible; unchangeable &c. 150; to be depended on, trustworthy, reliable, bound.
	unimpeachable, undeniable, unquestionable; indisputable, incontestable, incontrovertible, indubitable; irrefutable &c. (proven) 478; conclusive, without power of appeal.
	indubious[obs3]; without doubt, beyond a doubt, without a shade or shadow of doubt, without question, beyond question; past dispute; clear as day; beyond all question, beyond all dispute; undoubted, uncontested, unquestioned, undisputed; questionless[obs3], doubtless.
	authoritative, authentic, official.
	sure as fate, sure as death and taxes, sure as a gun.
	evident, self-evident, axiomatic; clear, clear as day, clear as the sun at noonday.
	Adv. certainly &c. adj.; for certain, certes[Lat], sure, no doubt, doubtless, and no mistake, flagrante delicto[Lat], sure enough, to be sure, of course, as a matter of course , a coup sur, to a certainty; in truth &c. (truly) 494; at any rate, at all events; without fail; coute que coute[Fr], coute qu'il coute[Fr]; whatever may happen, if the worst come to the worst; come what may, happen what may, come what will; sink or swim; rain or shine.
	Phr. cela va sans dire[Fr]; there is -no question, - not a shadow of doubt; the die is cast &c. (necessity) 601; " facts are stubborn things " [Smollett].

	#475. Uncertainty. -- N. uncertainty, incertitude, doubt; doubtfulness &c. adj.; dubiety, dubitation[obs3], dubitancy[obs1], dubitousness[obs3].
	hesitation, suspense; perplexity, embarrassment, dilemma, bewilderment; timidity &c. (fear) 860; vacillation &c. 605; diaporesis[obs3], indetermination.
	vagueness &c. adj.; haze, fog; obscurity &c. (darkness) 421; ambiguity &c. (double meaning) 520; contingency, dependence, dependency, double contingency, possibility upon a possibility; open question &c. (question) 461; onus probandi[Lat]; blind bargain, pig in a poke, leap in the dark, something or other; needle in a haystack, needle in a bottle of hay; roving commission.
	precariousness &c. adj.; fallibility.
	{{has_subtype(assertion)}} {{has_subtype(qualification, R469)}} {{has_manifestation(irresolution, R605)}} waffling, quibbling.
	V. be uncertain &c. adj.; wonder whether.
	lose the clue, lose the clew,  scent; miss one's way.
	not know what to make of &c. (unintelligibility) 519, not know which way to turn, not know whether one stands on one s head or one's heels; float in a sea of doubt,hesitate, flounder; lose oneself, lose one's head; muddle one's brains.
	render uncertain &c. adj.; put out, pose, puzzle, perplex, embarrass; confuse, confound; bewilder, bother, molder, addle the wits, throw off the scent, ambiguas in vulgus spargere voces[Lat]; keep in suspense.
	doubt &c. (disbelieve) 485; hang in the balance, tremble in the balance; depend.
	Adj. uncertain; casual; random &c. (aimless) 621; changeable &c. 149.
	doubtful, dubious; indecisive; unsettled, undecided, undetermined; in suspense, open to discussion; controvertible; in question &c. (inquiry) 461.
	vague; indeterminate, indefinite; ambiguous, equivocal; undefined, undefinable; confused &c. (indistinct) 447; mystic, oracular; dazed.
	perplexing &c. v.; enigmatic, paradoxical, apocryphal, problematical, hypothetical; experimental &c. 463.
	unpredictable, unforeseeable (unknowable) 519.
	fallible, questionable, precarious, slippery, ticklish, debatable, disputable; unreliable, untrustworthy.
	contingent, contingent on, dependent on; subject to; dependent on circumstances; occasional; provisional.
	unauthentic, unauthenticated, unauthoritative; unascertained, unconfirmed; undemonstrated; untold, uncounted.
	in a state of uncertainty, in a cloud, in a maze; bushed, off the track; ignorant.&c. 491; afraid to say; out of one's reckoning, astray, adrift;  at sea, at fault, at a loss, at one's wit's end, at a nonplus; puzzled &c. v.; lost, abroad, desoriente; distracted, distraught.
	Adv. pendente lite[Lat]; sub spe rati[Lat].
	Phr. Heaven knows; who can tell? who shall decide when doctors disagree? ambiguas in vulgum spargere voces[Lat].

M5.4   REASONING PROCESSES  R476 to R479

	#476. Reasoning, -- N. {ant. 477} reasoning ratiocination rationalism; dialectics, induction, generalization.
	discussion, comment; ventilation; inquiry &c. 461.
	argumentation, controversy, debate; polemics, wrangling; contention &c. 720 logomachy[obs3]; disputation, disceptation[obs3]; paper war.
	art of reasoning, logic.
	process of reasoning, train of reasoning, chain of reasoning; deduction, induction, abduction; synthesis, analysis.
	argument; case, plaidoyer[obs3], opening; lemma, proposition, terms, premises, postulate, data, starting point, principle; inference &c. (judgment) 480.
	prosyllogism[obs3], syllogism; enthymeme[obs3], sorites[obs3], dilemma, perilepsis[obs3], a priori reasoning, reductio ad absurdum, horns of a dilemma, argumentum ad hominem [Lat.], comprehensive argument; empirema[obs3], epagoge[obs3].
	[person who reasons] reasoner, logician, dialectician; disputant; controversialist, controvertist[obs3]; wrangler, arguer, debater polemic, casuist, rationalist; scientist; eristic[obs3].
	logical sequence; good case; correct just reasoning, sound reasoning, valid reasoning, cogent reasoning, logical reasoning, forcible reasoning, persuasive reasoning, persuasory reasoning[obs3], consectary  reasoning[obs1], conclusive &c. 478 ; subtle reasoning; force of argument, strong point, strong  argument, persuasive argument.
	arguments, reasons, pros and cons.
	V. reason, argue, discuss, debate, dispute, wrangle- argufy[obs3], bandy words, bandy arguments; chop logic; hold an argument, carry on an argument; controvert &c. (deny) 536; canvass; comment upon, moralize upon; spiritualize; consider &c. (examine) 461.
	open a discussion, open a case; try conclusions; join issue, be at issue; moot; come to the point; stir a question, agitate a question, ventilate a question, torture a question; take up a side, take up a case.
	contend, take one's stand upon, insist, lay stress on; infer &c. 480.
	follow from &c. (demonstration) 478.
	Adj. reasoning &c. v.; rationalistic; argumentative, controversial, dialectic, polemical; discursory[obs3], discursive; disputatious; Aristotelian[obs3], eristic[obs3], eristical[obs3].
	debatable, controvertible.
	logical; relevant &c. 23.
	Adv. for, because, hence, whence, seeing that, since, sith[obs3], then thence so; for that reason, for this reason, for which reason; for as, inasmuch as; whereas, ex concesso[Lat], considering, in consideration of; therefore, wherefore; consequently, ergo, thus, accordingly; a fortiori.
	in conclusion, in fine; finally, after all, au bout du compt[Fr], on the whole, taking one thing with another.
	Phr. ab actu ad posse valet consecutio [Lat]; per troppo dibatter la verita si perde [It]; troppo disputare la verita fa errare [It].

<-- Roget 477 contained both intuition and false reasoning.  Sophistry (False reasoning) has been split off to 477a.   Note that intuition is labeled as a weak belief at R484, which makes it both a reasoning process and a result of reasoning.  -->
	#477. [The absence of reasoning.]  Intuition  -- N.  {{mcaused_by(intuition, @R484)}} intuition, instinct, association, hunch, feeling; presentiment, premonition; rule of thumb.
	superstition; astrology; faith (supposition) R514.
	V. take on faith, take as a given; assume (supposition) R514.
	intuit, have a feeling, have a hunch; judge intuitively, judge by intuition; hazard a proposition, hazard a guess; talk at random.
	{{&caused_by(misjudgment, R481)}} judge hastily, shoot from the hip, jump to conclusions.
	Adj. intuitive, instinctive; impulsive; gratuitous, hazarded; vague, unconnected; independent of reason, anterior to reason.
	irrational; nonsensical &c. (absurd) 497.
	at the end of one's tether, au bout de son latin.
 	Adv. intuitively &c. adj.; by intuition; illogically &c. adj.
	Phr. non constat[Lat]; that goes for nothing.

	#477a.   [False or vicious reasoning; show of reason.]  Sophistry.
	N. sophistry, paralogy[obs3], perversion, casuistry, jesuitry[obs2].
	equivocation, evasion.
	chicane, chicanery; quiddet[obs3], quiddity; special pleading; speciousness &c. adj.; nonsense &c. 497; word sense, tongue sense.
	mystification, mysticism, pseudoscience.
	{{similar_to: misjudgment &c., R481)}}.
	{{similar_to: false teaching &c., R538}}.
	false reasoning, circular reasoning, loose reasoning, vicious reasoning; hand-waving argument; petitio principii[Lat], ignoratio elenchi[Lat]; post hoc ergo propter hoc[Lat]; non sequitur, ignotum per ignotius[Lat].
	meshes of sophistry, cobwebs of sophistry; flaw in an argument; weak point, bad case.
	overrefinement; hairsplitting &c. v.
	sophism, solecism, paralogism[obs3]; claptrap, cant, mere words, superficial reasoning; quibble, quirk, elenchus[obs3], elench[obs3], fallacy, quodlibet, subterfuge, subtlety, quillet[obs3]; inconsistency, antilogy[obs3]; "a delusion, a mockery, and a snare" [Denman]; "lame and impotent conclusion" [Othello].
	V. reason ill, falsely &c. adj.; misjudge &c. 481; paralogize[obs3].
	beg the question, reason in a circle, reason in circles, assume the conclusion.
	pervert, quibble; equivocate, mystify, evade, elude; gloss over, varnish; misteach &c. R538; mislead &c. (error) R495; cavil, refine, subtilize[obs3], split hairs; misrepresent &c. (lie) R544.
	cut blocks with a razor, beat about the bush, play fast and loose, play fast and loose with the facts, blow hot and cold, prove that black is white and white black, travel out of the record, parler a tort et a travers[Fr], put oneself out of court, not have a leg to stand on.
	Adj. unreasonable, illogical, false, unsound, invalid.
	incorrect; fallacious, fallible; groundless, unproved.
	untenable, unwarranted, not following, inconclusive; non sequitur[Latin: it does not follow]; inconsequent, inconsequential[obs2].
	inconsistent; absonous[obs1], absonant[obs3].
	deceptive, sophistical, jesuitical.
	illusive, illusory; specious, hollow, superficial, plausible, ad captandum[Lat], evasive; irrelevant &c. 10.
	weak, feeble, poor, flimsy, loose.
	foolish &c. (imbecile) 499; frivolous, pettifogging, quibbling; finespun[obs3], overrefined[obs3].
	unscientific, pseudoscientific; mystical.

	#478. Demonstration. -- N. {ant. 479} demonstration, proof, rigorous proof; conclusiveness &c. adj.; apodeixis[obs3], apodixis[obs3], probation, comprobation[obs1].
	logic of facts &c. (evidence) 467; experimentum crucis &c. (test) 463[Lat]; argument &c. 476; rigorous establishment, absolute establishment.
	conviction, cogency, (persuasion) 484.
	V. demonstrate, prove, establish;  make good; show, evince, manifest &c. (be evidence of) 467; confirm, corroborate, substantiate, verify &c. 467 settle the question, reduce to demonstration, set the question at rest.
	make out, make out a case; prove one's point, have the best of the argument; draw a conclusion &c. (judge) 480.
	follow, follow of course, follow as a matter of course, follow necessarily; stand to reason; hold good, hold water.
	convince, persuade (belief) 484.
	Adj. demonstrating &c. v., demonstrative, demonstrable; probative, unanswerable, conclusive; apodictic[obs3], apodeictic[obs3], apodeictical[obs3]; irresistible, irrefutable, irrefragable; necessary.
	categorical, decisive, crucial.
	demonstrated &c. v.; proven; unconfuted[obs3], unanswered, unrefuted[obs3]; evident &c. 474.
	deducible, consequential, consectary[obs3], inferential, following.
	[demonstrated to one's satisfaction] convincing, cogent, persuasive (believable) 484.
	Adv. of course, in consequence, consequently, as a matter of course; necessarily, of necessity.
	Phr. probatum est[Lat]; there is nothing more to be said; quod est demonstrandum[Lat],  Q.E.D.; it must follow; exitus acta probat[Lat].

	#479. Confutation. -- N. {ant 478} confutation, refutation; answer, complete answer; disproof, conviction, redargution[obs3], invalidation; exposure, exposition; clincher; retort; reductio ad absurdum; knock down argument, tu quoque argument[Lat]; sockdolager * [obs3][U. S.].
	correction &c. 527a; dissuasion &c. 616.
	V. confute, refute, disprove; parry, negative, controvert,  rebut, confound, disconfirm, redargue[obs3], expose, show the fallacy of, defeat; demolish, break &c. (destroy) 162; overthrow, overturn scatter to the winds, explode, invalidate; silence; put to silence, reduce to silence; clinch an argument, clinch  a question; give one a setdown[obs3], stop the mouth, shut up; have, have on the hip.
	not leave a leg to stand on, cut the ground from under one's feet.
	be confuted &c.; fail; expose one's weak point, show one's weak point.
	counter evidence &c. 468.
	Adj. confuting, confuted, &c. v.; capable of refutation; refutable, confutable[obs3], defeasible.
	contravene (counter evidence) 468.
	condemned on one's own showing,condemned out of one's own mouth.
	Phr. the argument falls to the ground, cadit quaestio[Lat], it does not hold water, " suo sibi gladio hunc jugulo" [Terence]; his argument was demolished by new evidence.

M5.5   RESULTS OF REASONING (conclusion) R480 to R503
<-- (exc. 492, 493, 500, 501 to person who ...) and
    494 truth, and 495, falsehood, to M4, properties of ideas -->
[[conclusion]]
<--   	480.	Judgment					481.	Misjudgment
		480a. Discovery
		482.	Overestimation				483.	Underestimation
		484.	Belief					485.	 Doubt
										 Unbelief
		486.	Credulity					487.	Incredulity
		488.	Assent					489.	Dissent
		490.	Knowledge					491.	Ignorance
<--  492.	Scholar and 493. Ignoramus to HROLE  -->
<--   494.	Truth & 	495.	Error to M4 -->
		496.	Maxim					497.	Absurdity
					Faculties	
		498.	 Intelligence				499.	  Imbecility
			 Wisdom						  Folly
		502.	Sanity					503.	Insanity
<--  500.  Sage,  501.Fool and 504. Madman to HROLE  -->
-->

	#480. Judgment.  [Conclusion.] -- N. result, conclusion, upshot; deduction, inference, ergotism[obs1], illation; corollary, porism[obs3]; moral.
	estimation, valuation, appreciation, judication[obs3]; dijudication[obs3], adjudication; arbitrament, arbitrement[obs3], arbitration; assessment, ponderation[obs3]; valorization.
	award, estimate; review, criticism, critique, notice, report.
	decision, determination, judgment, finding, verdict, sentence, decree; findings of fact; findings of law; res judicata[Lat].
	plebiscite, voice, casting vote; vote &c. (choice) 609; opinion &c. (belief) 484; good judgment &c. (wisdom) 498.
	judge, umpire; arbiter, arbitrator; asessor, referee.
	censor, reviewer, critic; connoisseur; commentator &c. 524; inspector, inspecting officer.
	[judgment after the fact] twenty-twenty hindsight; armchair general, monday morning quarterback.
	V. judge, conclude; come to a conclusion, draw a conclusion, arrive at a conclusion; ascertain, determine, make up one's mind.
	deduce, derive, gather, collect, draw an inference, make a deduction, weet[obs1], ween.
	form an estimate, estimate, appreciate, value, count, assess, rate, rank, account; regard, consider, think of; look upon &c. (believe) 484; review; size up *.
	settle; pass an opinion, give an opinion; decide, try, pronounce, rule; pass judgment, pass sentence; sentence, doom; find; give judgment, deliver judgment; adjudge, adjudicate; arbitrate, award, report; bring in a verdict; make absolute, set a question at rest; confirm &c. (assent) 488.
	comment, criticize, kibitz; pass under review &c. (examine) 457; investigate &c. (inquire) 461.
	hold the scales, sit in judgment; try judgment, hear a cause.
	Adj. judging &c. v.; judicious &c. (wise) 498; determinate, conclusive.
	Adv. on the whole, all things considered.
	Phr. "a Daniel come to judgment" [Merchant of Venice]; "and stand a critic, hated yet caress'd" [Byron]; "it is much easier to be critical than to be correct" [Disraeli]; la critique est aisee et l'art est difficile[Fr]; "nothing if not critical" [Othello]; "O most lame and impotent conclusion" [Othello].

<-- Roget's 480 includes both discovery and recognition.  Break out recognition (identification of a known fact, item) into a separate category 480b.. Note that R465, discrimination is closely related, but is considered as a process rather than a result  -->
	#480a.  [Result of search or inquiry.]  Discovery. -- N. discovery, detection, disenchantment; ascertainment[obs3], disclosure, find, revelation.
	trover[Law] &c.(recovery)  775.
	{{similar_to: R480b recognition}}.
	V.  discover, find, determine, evolve, learn &c. 539; fix upon; pick up; find out, trace out, hunt out, fish out, worm out, ferret out, root out; fathom; bring out, draw out; educe, elicit, bring to light; dig out, grub up, fish up; unearth, disinter.
	solve, resolve, elucidate; unriddle, unravel, unlock, crack, crack open; pick up, open the lock; find a clue, find clew a to, find the key to the riddle; interpret &c. 522; disclose &c. 529.
	trace, get at; hit it, have it; lay one's finger, lay one's hands upon; spot; get at the truth, arrive at the truth &c. 494; put the saddle on the right horse, hit the right nail on the head.
	be near the truth, be warm, get warmer,  burn; smoke, scent, sniff, catch a whiff of, smell a rat.
	pitch upon, fall upon,  light upon, hit upon, stumble upon, pop upon; come across, come onto; meet with, meet up with, fall in with.
	verify, make certain of.
	{{analogous_to: see, spot, espy,  R441, M6.1.2.7.3 }}.
	Int. eureka! aha! I've got it!

	#480b.  Recognition, identification.  -- N.
	identification, recognition; diagnosis.
	{{similar_to: R480a, discovery}} distinction.
	{{similar_to: R465, discrimination}}.
	V. identify, distinguish; recognize, place, realize; make out, classify.
	determine, establish, diagnose, pinpoint.
	open the eyes to; see through, see daylight, see in its true colors, see the cloven foot; detect; catch, catch tripping.
	Int.  I see!  So that's it!

	#481. Misjudgment. -- N. misjudgment, obliquity of judgment; miscalculation, miscomputation, misconception &c. (error) 495; hasty conclusion.
	[causes of misjudgment. 1] prejudgment, prejudication[obs3], prejudice; foregone conclusion; prenotion[obs3], prevention, preconception, predilection, prepossession, preapprehension[obs3], presumption, assumption, presentiment; fixed idea, preconceived idea; idee fixe; mentis gratissimus error[Lat]; fool's paradise.
	[causes of misjudgment.2] esprit de corps, party spirit, partisanship, clannishness, prestige.
	[causes of misjudgment. 3] bias, bigotry, warp, twist; hobby, fad, quirk, crotchet, partiality, infatuation, blind side, mote in the eye.
	[causes of misjudgment. 4] one-sided views, one-track mind, partial views, narrow views, confined views,  superficial views, one-sided ideas, partial ideas, narrow ideas, confined ideas,  superficial ideas, one-sided conceptions, partial conceptions, narrow conceptions, confined conceptions,  superficial conceptions, one-sided notions, partial notions, narrow notions, confined notions,  superficial notions; narrow mind; bigotry &c. (obstinacy) 606; odium theologicum[Lat]; pedantry; hypercriticism.
	doctrinaire &c. (positive) 474.
	[causes of misjudgment. 5] overestimation &c. 482; underestimation &c. 483.
	[causes of misjudgment. 6]  ignorance  &c. 491.  erroneous assumptions, erroneous data, mistaken assumptions, incorrect assumptions (error) 495.
	V. misjudge, misestimate, misthink[obs3], misconjecture[obs3], misconceive &c. (error) 495; fly in the face of facts; miscalculate, misreckon, miscompute.
	overestimate &c. 482; underestimate &c. 483.
	prejudge, forejudge; presuppose, presume, prejudicate[obs3]; dogmatize; have a bias &c. n.; have only one idea; jurare in verba magistri[Lat], run away with the notion; jump to a conclusion, rush to a conclusion, leap to a conclusion, judge hastily, shoot from the hip, jump to conclusions; look only at one side of the shield; view with jaundiced eye, view through distorting spectacles; not see beyond one's nose; dare pondus fumo[Lat]; get the wrong sow by the ear &c. (blunder) 699.
	give a bias, give a twist; bias, warp, twist; prejudice, prepossess.
	Adj. misjudging &c. v.; ill-judging, wrong-headed; prejudiced &c. v.; jaundiced; shortsighted, purblind; partial, one-sided, superficial.
	narrow-minded, narrow-souled[obs3]; mean-spirited; confined, illiberal, intolerant, besotted, infatuated, fanatical, entete[Fr], positive, dogmatic, conceited; opinative, opiniative[obs3]; opinioned, opinionate, opinionative, opinionated; self-opinioned, wedded to an opinion, opiniâtre; bigoted &c. (obstinate) 606; crotchety, fussy, impracticable; unreasonable, stupid &c. 499; credulous &c. 486; warped.
	misjudged &c. v.
	Adv. ex parte[Lat].
	Phr. nothing like leather; the wish the father to the thought; wishful thinking; unshakable conviction; "my mind is made up - don't bother me with the facts".

	#482. Overestimation. -- N. overestimation &c. v.; exaggeration &c. 549; vanity &c. 880; optimism, pessimism, pessimist. much cry and little wool, much ado about nothing,; storm in a teacup, tempest in a teacup; fine talking.
	V. overestimate, overrate, overvalue, overprize, overweigh, overreckon[obs3], overstrain, overpraise; eulogize; estimate too highly, attach too much importance to, make mountains of molehills, catch at straws; strain, magnify; exaggerate &c. 549; set too high a value upon; think much of, make much of, think too much of, make too much of; outreckon[obs3]; panegyrize[obs3].
	extol, extol to the skies; make the most of, make the best of, make the worst of; make two bites of a cherry.
	have too high an opinion of oneself &c. (vanity) 880.
	Adj. overestimated &c. v.; oversensitive &c. (sensibility) 822.
	Phr. all his geese are swans; parturiunt montes[Lat].

	#483. Underestimation. -- N. underestimation; depreciation &c. (detraction) 934; pessimism, pessimist; undervaluing &c. v.; modesty &c. 881.
	V. underrate, underestimate, undervalue, underreckon[obs3]; depreciate; disparage &c. (detract) 934; not do justice to; misprize, disprize; ridicule &c. 856; slight &c. (despise) 930; neglect &c. 460; slur over.
	make light of, make little of, make nothing of, make no account of; belittle; minimize, think nothing of; set no store by, set at naught; shake off as dewdrops from the lion's mane.
	Adj. depreciating, depreciated &c. v.; unvalued, unprized[obs3].

[[belief]]
	#484. Belief. -- N. {{mcause_of(reasoning processes, M5.4)}} belief; credence, credit; opinion, mind, view; assurance; presumption, sanguine expectation &c. (hope) 858.
	dependence on, reliance on.
	persuasion, conviction, convincement[obs3], plerophory[obs3], self-conviction; certainty &c. 474; conception, thinking; impression &c. (idea) 453; surmise &c. 514; conclusion &c. (judgment) 480.
	tenet, dogma, principle, way of thinking; popular belief &c. (assent) 488.
	{{has_low_intensity}} intuition, hunch, feeling, gut feeling; presentiment, premonition
	{{has_high_intensity}} {[of_frame(human character)]} faith, trust, troth, confidence.
	{{has_high_intensity}} firm belief, confidence, conviction, unshakable conviction, implicit belief, settled belief, fixed belief, deep-rooted belief, staunch belief, unshaken belief, steadfast belief, inveterate belief, well-founded belief, firm opinion, implicit opinion, settled opinion, fixed rooted deep-rooted opinion, staunch opinion, unshakable opinion, unshaken opinion, steadfast opinion, inveterate opinion; calm belief, sober belief, dispassionate belief, impartial belief, calm opinion, sober opinion, dispassionate opinion, impartial opinion, well-founded opinion &c.; uberrima fides[Lat].
	{{property_of(multiplicity, R100)}} system of opinions, school, doctrine, articles, canons; article of faith, declaration of faith, profession of faith; tenets, credenda[obs3], creed; thirty-nine articles &c. (orthodoxy) R983a; catechism; assent &c. R488; propaganda &c. (teaching) R537.
	{{affected_by: credibility &c. (probability) R472}}.
	V. believe, credit; give faith to, give credit to, credence to; see, realize; assume, receive; set down for, take for; have it, take it; consider, esteem, presume.
	count upon, depend upon, calculate upon, pin one's faith upon, reckon upon, lean upon, build upon, rely upon, rest upon; lay one's account for; make sure of.
	make oneself easy about, on that score; take on trust, take on credit; take for granted, take for gospel; allow some weight to, attach some weight to.
	{{has_high_intensity}} know, know for certain; have know, make no doubt; doubt not; be, rest assured &c. adj.; persuade oneself, assure oneself, satisfy oneself; make up one's mind.
	give one credit for; confide in, believe in, put one's trust in, have faith in, have confidence in, have trust in; place implicit repose in, place implicit confidence in; take one's word for, at one's word; place reliance on, rely upon, swear by, regard to.
	think, hold, trust; take, take it; opine, be of opinion, conceive, trow[obs3], ween[obs3], fancy, apprehend; have it, hold a belief, possess, entertain a belief, adopt a belief, imbibe a belief, embrace a belief, get hold of a belief, hazard, foster, nurture a belief, cherish  a belief, have an opinion, hold an opinion, possess, entertain an opinion, adopt an opinion, imbibe an opinion, embrace an opinion, get hold of an opinion, hazard an opinion, foster an opinion, nurture an opinion, cherish  an opinion &c. n.
	view as, consider as, take as, hold as, conceive as, regard as, esteem as, deem as, look upon as, account as, set down as; surmise &c. 514.
	get it into one's head, take it into one's head; come round to an opinion; swallow &c. (credulity) 486.
	cause to be believed &c. v.; satisfy, persuade, have the ear of, gain the confidence of, assure; convince, convict[obs2], convert; wean, bring round; bring over, win over; indoctrinate &c. (teach) 537; cram down the throat; produce conviction, carry conviction; bring home to, drive home to.
	go down, find credence, pass current; be received &c. v., be current &c. adj.; possess, take hold of, take possession of the mind.
	Adj. believing &c. v.; certain, sure, assured, positive, cocksure, satisfied, confident, unhesitating, convinced, secure.
	under the impression; impressed with, imbued with, penetrated with.
	confiding, suspectless[obs3]; unsuspecting, unsuspicious; void of suspicion; credulous &c. 486; wedded to.
	believed &c. v.; accredited, putative; unsuspected.
	worthy of, deserving of, commanding belief; credible, reliable, trustworthy, to be depended on; satisfactory; probably &c. 472; fiducial[obs3], fiduciary; persuasive, impressive.
	relating to belief, doctrinal. 
	Adv. in the opinion of, in the eyes of; me judice[Lat]; meseems[obs3], methinks; to the best of one's belief; I dare say, I doubt not, I have no doubt, I am sure; sure enough &c. (certainty) 474; depend upon, rely upon it; be assured, rest assured; I'll warrant you &c. (affirmation) 535.
	Phr. experto crede [Lat][Vergil]; fata viam invenient [Lat]; Justitiae soror incorrupta Fides[Lat]; "live to explain thy doctrine by thy life" [Prior]; "stands not within the prospect of belief" [Macbeth]; tarde quae credita laedunt credimus [Lat][Ovid]; vide et crede [Lat].

	#485. Unbelief. Doubt.-- N. unbelief, disbelief, misbelief; discredit, miscreance[obs3]; infidelity &c. (irreligion) 989[obs3]; dissent &c. 489; change of opinion &c. 484; retraction &c. 607.
	doubt &c. (uncertainty) 475; skepticism, scepticism, misgiving, demure; distrust, mistrust, cynicism; misdoubt[obs3], suspicion, jealousy, scruple, qualm; onus probandi[Lat].
	incredibility, incredibleness; incredulity.
	[person who doubts] doubter, skeptic, cynic.; unbeliever &c. 487.
	V.  disbelieve, discredit; not believe &c. 484; misbelieve[obs3]; refuse to admit &c. (dissent) 489; refuse to believe &c. (incredulity) 487.
	doubt; be doubtful &c. (uncertain) 475; doubt the truth of; be skeptical as to &c. adj.; diffide[obs1]; distrust, mistrust; suspect, smoke, scent, smell a rat; have doubts, harbor doubts, entertain doubts, suspicions; have one's doubts.
	demure, stick at, pause, hesitate, scruple; stop to consider, waver.
	hang in suspense, hang in doubt.
	throw doubt upon, raise a question; bring in, call in question; question, challenge, dispute; deny &c. 536; cavil; cause a doubt, raise a doubt, start a doubt, suggest a doubt, awake a doubt, make suspicion; ergotize[obs3].
	startle, stagger; shake one's faith, shake one's belief, stagger one's faith, stagger one's belief.
	Adj. unbelieving; skeptical, sceptical.
	[transitive] incredulous as to, skeptical as to; distrustful as to, shy as to, suspicious of; doubting &c. v.
	doubtful &c. (uncertain) 475; disputable; unworthy of, undeserving of belief &c. 484; questionable; suspect, suspicious; open to suspicion, open to doubt; staggering, hard to believe, incredible, unbelievable, not to be believed, inconceivable; impossible &c. 471.
	fallible &c. (uncertain) 475; undemonstrable; controvertible &c. (untrue) 495.
	Adv. cum grano salis[Latin: with a grain of salt]; with grains of allowance.
	Phr. fronti nulla fides[Lat]; nimium ne crede colori [Lat][Vergil]; "timeo Danaos et dona ferentes"  [Latin: I fear the Greeks even when bearing gifts][Vergil], beware of Greeks bearing gifts; credat Judaeus Apella [Lat][Horace]; let those believe who may; ad tristem partem stenua est suspicio [Lat][Syrus].

	#486. Credulity. -- N. credulity, credulousness &c. adj.; cullibility[obs1], gullibility; gross credulity, infatuation; self delusion, self deception; superstition; one's blind side; bigotry &c. (obstinacy) 606; hyperorthodoxy &c. 984[obs3]; misjudgment &c. 481.
	credulous person &c. (dupe) 547.
	V. be credulous &c. adj.; jurare in verba magistri[Lat]; follow implicitly; swallow, gulp down; take on trust; take for granted, take for gospel; run away with a notion, run away with an idea; jump to a conclusion, rush to a conclusion; think the moon is made of green cheese; take for granted, grasp the shadow for the substance; catch at straws, grasp at straws.
	impose upon &c. (deceive) 545.
	Adj. credulous, gullible; easily deceived &c. 545; simple, green, soft, childish, silly, stupid; easily convinced; over-credulous, over confident, over trustful; infatuated, superstitious; confiding &c. (believing) 484.
	Phr. the wish the father to the thought; credo quia impossibile [Lat][Tertullian]; all is not gold that glitters; no es oro todo lo que reluce[Sp]; omne ignotum pro magnifico[Lat].

	#487. Incredulity.-- N. incredulousness[obs3], incredulity; skepticism,  pyrrhonism[obs2]; want of faith &c. (irreligion) 989[obs3].
	suspiciousness &c. adj.; scrupulosity; suspicion &c. (unbelief) 485.
	mistrust, cynicism.
	unbeliever, skeptic, cynic; misbeliever.1, pyrrhonist; heretic &c. (heterodox) 984.
	V. be incredulous &c. adj.; distrust &c. (disbelieve) 485; refuse to believe; shut one's eyes to, shut one's ears to; turn a deaf ear to; hold aloof, ignore, nullis jurare in verba magistri[Lat].
	Adj. incredulous, skeptical, unbelieving, inconvincible[obs3]; hard of belief, shy of belief,  disposed to doubt, indisposed to believe; suspicious, scrupulous, distrustful, cynical;.

1The word miscreant, which originally meant simply misbeliever, has now quite another meaning (949).  See Trench, On the Study of Words, p. 71.

<-- [[accord]] accord here was labeled "assent", but we want to keep the general sense of agreement (similar ideas which could arise independently) separate from agreement with the proposal of someone else -->
	#488. Accord. -- N.  {{has_subtype(agreement, R23)}} accord, concord, agreement, concordance.
	unanimity, common consent, consensus, acclamation, chorus.
	{{property_of}} vox populi; popular belief, current belief, current opinion; public opinion.
	concurrence &c. (of causes) 178; cooperation &c. (voluntary) 709.
	ratification, confirmation, corroboration, approval, acceptance, visa; endorsement &c. (record) 551.
	{{has_subtype: @R762, consent, assent, assentment[obs3]; acquiescence, admission; nod; affirmance, affirmation;  recognition, acknowledgment, avowal; confession of faith.
	pressure to conform, herd instinct, peer pressure}}.
	V. assent; give assent, yield assent, nod assent; acquiesce; agree &c. 23; receive, accept, accede, accord, concur, lend oneself to, consent, coincide, reciprocate, go with; be at one with &c. adj.; go along with, chime in with, strike in with, close in with; echo, enter into one's views, agree in opinion; vote, give one's voice for; recognize; subscribe to, conform to, defer to; say yes to, say ditto, amen to, say aye to.
	acknowledge, own, admit, allow, avow, confess; concede &c. (yield) 762; come round to; abide by; permit &c. 760.
	arrive at an understanding, come to an understanding, come to terms, come to an agreement.
	confirm, affirm; ratify, appprove, indorse, countersign; corroborate &c. 467.
	go with the stream, swim with the stream, go with the flow, blow with the wind; be in fashion, join in the chorus, join the crowd, be one of the guys, be part of the group, go with the crowd, don't make waves; be in every mouth.
	Adj. assenting &c. v; of one accord, of one mind; of the same mind, at one with, agreed, acquiescent, content; willing &c. 602.
	uncontradicted, unchallenged, unquestioned, uncontroverted.
	carried, agreed, nem[abbr]. con. &c. adv[abbr: nemine contradicente].; unanimous; agreed on all hands, carried by acclamation.
	affirmative &c. 535.
	Adv. yes, yea, ay, aye, true; good; well; very well, very true; well and good; granted; even so, just so; to be sure, "thou hast said", you said it, you said a mouthful; truly, exactly, precisely, that's just it, indeed, certainly, you bet, certes[obs2], ex concesso[Lat]; of course, unquestionably, assuredly, no doubt, doubtless; naturally, natch.
	be it so; so be it, so let it be; amen; willingly &c. 602.
	affirmatively, in the affirmative.
	OK, all right, might as well, why not?
	with one consent, with one voice, with one accord; unanimously, una voce, by common consent, in chorus, to a man; nem[abbr]. con.[abbr: nemine contradicente], nemine dissentiente[Lat]; without a dissentient voice; as one man, one and all, on all hands.
	Phr. avec plaisir[Fr]; chi tace accousente[It][obs3]; "the public mind is the creation of the Master-Writers" [Disraeli]; you bet your sweet ass it is; what are we waiting for? whenever you're ready; anytime you're ready.

	#489. Dissent.-- N. dissent; discordance &c. (disagreement) 24; difference diversity of opinion. 
 	nonconformity &c. (heterodoxy) 984; protestantism, recusancy, schism; disaffection; secession &c. 624; recantation &c. 607.
	dissension &c. (discord) 713; discontent &c. 832; cavilling.
	protest; contradiction &c. (denial) 536; noncompliance &c. (rejection) 764.
	dissentient, dissenter; non-juror, non-content, nonconformist; sectary, separatist, recusant, schismatic, protestant, heretic.
	refusal &c. 764.
	V. dissent, demur; call in question &c. (doubt) 485; differ in opinion, disagree; say no &c. 536; refuse assent, refuse to admit; cavil, protest, raise one's voice against, repudiate; contradict &c. (deny) 536.
	have no notion of, differ toto caelo[Lat]; revolt at, revolt from the idea.
	shake the head, shrug the shoulders; look askance, look askant[obs3].
	secede; recant &c. 607.
	Adj. dissenting &c. v; negative &c. 536; dissident, dissentient; unconsenting &c. (refusing) 764; non-content, nonjuring[obs3]; protestant, recusant; unconvinced, unconverted.
	unavowed, unacknowledged; out of the question.
	discontented &c. 832; unwilling &c. 603; extorted.
	sectarian, denominational, schismatic; heterodox; intolerant.
	Adv. no &c. 536; at variance, at issue with; under protest.
	Int. God forbid! not for the world; I'll be hanged if; never tell me; your humble servant, pardon me.
	Phr. many men many minds; quot homines tot sententiae [Lat][Terence]; tant s'en faut[Fr]; il s'en faut bien[Fr];no way; by no means; count me out.

[[knowledge]] [[understanding]]
<-- here knowledge is the act of knowing  -->
	#490. Understanding, Knowledge.-- N. knowledge, comprehension, understanding; apprehension; recognition; appreciation &c. (judgment) 480; perception, cognizance, cognition, cognoscence[obs1], precognition;  acquaintance, experience, ken, privity[obs3], insight, familiarity; intuition; conscience, consciousness; acroamatics[obs2].
	{{property_of(intuitive)}} feel, grasp, feeling for.
	light, enlightenment; glimpse, inkling; glimmer, glimmering; dawn; scent, suspicion; impression &c. (idea) 453; discovery &c. 480a.
	system of knowledge, body of knowledge; science, philosophy, pansophy[obs3]; acroama[obs2]; theory, aetiology[obs3], etiology; circle of the sciences; pandect[obs3], doctrine, body of doctrine; cyclopedia, encyclopedia; school &c. (system of opinions) 484.
	tree of knowledge; republic of letters &c. (language) 560.
	information, general information; store of knowledge &c..
	{{has_high_level}} erudition, learning, lore, scholarship; proficiency.
	{{has_high_level}} deep knowledge, profound knowledge, solid knowledge, accurate knowledge, acroatic knowledge[obs3], acroamatic knowledge[obs3], vast knowledge, extensive knowledge, encyclopedic knowledge, encyclopedic learning; omniscience, pantology[obs3].
	reading, letters; literature; book madness; book learning, bookishness; bibliomania[obs3], bibliolatry[obs3]; education &c. (teaching) 537; culture, menticulture[obs3], attainments; acquirements, acquisitions; accomplishments; practical knowledge &c. (skill) 698; liberal education; dilettantism; rudiments &c. (beginning) 66.
	march of intellect; progress  of science, advance of science, advance of learning; schoolmaster abroad.
	[ref: person who knows much] scholar &c. 492.
	V. realize, understand, know, ken, scan, apprehend, comprehend, wot[obs3]; wot aware[obs3], be aware &c. adj.- of; ween[obs3], weet[obs3], trow[obs3], have, possess.
	recognize, discern, perceive, see, get, get a sight-of, experience, conceive; take, savvy* [U.S.], appreciate; fathom, make out, figure out.
	know full well; have some knowledge of, possess some knowledge of; be au courant &c. adj.; have in one's head, have at one' fingers ends; know by heart, know by rote; be master of; connaitre le dessous des cartes[Fr], know what's what &c. 698.
	see one's way; discover &c. 480a.
	come to one's knowledge &c. (information) 527.
	Adj. knowing &c. v.; cognitive; acroamatic[obs3].
	aware of, cognizant of, conscious of; acquainted with, made acquainted with; privy to, no stranger to; au -fait, au courant; in the secret; up to, alive to; behind the scenes, behind the curtain; let into; apprized of, informed of; undeceived.
	proficient with, versed with, read with, forward with, strong with, at home in; conversant with, familiar with.
	erudite, instructed, leaned, lettered, educated; well conned, well informed, well read, well grounded, well educated; enlightened, shrewd, savant, blue, bookish, scholastic, solid, profound, deep-read, book-learned; accomplished &c. (skillful) 698; omniscient; self-taught.
	known &c. v.; ascertained, well-known, recognized, received, notorious, noted; proverbial; familiar, familiar as household words, familiar to every schoolboy; hackneyed, trite, trivial, commonplace.
	cognoscible[obs3], cognizable.
	Adv. to one's knowledge, to the best of one's knowledge.
	Phr. one's eyes being opened &c. (disclosure) 529; ompredre tout c'est tout pardonner[French: to know all is to pardon all]; empta dolore docet experientia[Lat];<gr/gnothi seauton/gr>[Grk]; "half our knowledge we must snatch not take" [Pope]; Jahre lehren mehr als Bucher[German: years teach more than books]; "knowledge comes but wisdom lingers"[Tennyson]; "knowledge is power" [Bacon]; les affaires font les hommes [Fr]; nec scire fas est omnia [Lat][Horace]; "the amassed thought and experience of innumerable minds" [Emerson]; was ich nicht weiss macht mich nicht heiss[Ger].

	#491. Ignorance. -- N. ignorance, nescience, tabula rasa[Lat], crass ignorance, ignorance crasse[Fr]; unfamiliarity, unacquaintance[obs3]; unconsciousness &c. adj.; darkness, blindness; incomprehension, inexperience, simplicity.
	unknown quantities, x, y, z.
	sealed book, terra incognita, virgin soil, unexplored ground; dark ages.
	[Imperfect knowledge] smattering, sciolism[obs3], glimmering, dilettantism; bewilderment &c. (uncertainty) 475; incapacity.
	[Affectation of knowledge] pedantry; charlatanry, charlatism[obs3]; Philister[obs3], Philistine.
	V. be ignorant &c. adj.; not know &c. 490; know not, know not what, know nothing of; have no idea, have no notion, have no conception; not have the remotest idea; not know chalk from cheese.
	ignore, be blind to; keep in ignorance &c. (conceal) 528.
  	see through a glass darkly; have a film over the eyes, have a glimmering &c. n.; wonder whether; not know what to make of &c. (unintelligibility) 519; not pretend to take upon, not take upon one self to say.
	Adj. ignorant; nescient; unknowing, unaware, unacquainted, unapprised, unapprized[obs3], unwitting, unweeting[obs1], unconscious; witless, weetless[obs3]; a stranger to; unconversant[obs3].
	uninformed, uncultivated, unversed, uninstructed, untaught, uninitiated, untutored, unschooled, misguided, unenlightened; Philistine; behind the age.
	shallow, superficial, green, rude, empty, half-learned, illiterate; unread, uninformed, uneducated, unlearned, unlettered, unbookish; empty-headed ,dizzy, wooly-headed; pedantic;
	in the dark; benighted, belated; blinded, blindfolded; hoodwinked; misinformed; au bout de son latin, at the end of his tether, at fault; at sea &c. (uncertain) 475; caught tripping.
	unknown, unapprehended, unexplained, unascertained, uninvestigated[obs3], unexplored, unheard of, not perceived; concealed &c. 528; novel.
	Adv. ignorantly &c. adj.; unawares; for anything, for aught one knows; not that one knows.
	Int. God knows, Heaven knows, the Lord knows, who knows, nobody knows.
	Phr. "ignorance never settles a question" [Disraeli]; quantum animis erroris inest[Lat]! [Ovid]; "small Latin and less Greek" [B. Jonson]; "that unlettered small-knowing soul" [Love's Labor's Lost]; "there is no darkness but ignorance" [Twelfth NIght].

<-- 492 Scholar, 493 Ignoramus to Person who ...
  real, genuine? related to veracity, and to normality (R80)
   R494, Truth and R495, Falsehood to M4, Properties of ideas -->

	#496. Maxim.-- N.  maxim, aphorism; apothegm, apophthegm[obs3]; dictum, saying, adage, saw, proverb; sentence, mot[Fr], motto, word, byword, moral, phylactery, protasis[obs3].
	axiom, theorem, scholium[obs3], truism, postulate.
	first principles, a priori fact, assumption (supposition) 514.
	reflection &c. (idea) 453; conclusion &c. (judgment) 480; golden rule &c. (precept) 697; principle, principia[Lat]; profession of faith &c. (belief) 484; settled principle, accepted principle, formula.
	accepted fact.
	received truth, wise maxim, sage maxim, received maxim, admitted maxim, recognized maxim &c; true saying, common saying, hackneyed saying, trite saying, commonplace saying &c.
	Adj. aphoristic, proverbial, phylacteric[obs3]; axiomatic, gnomic.
	Adv. as the saying goes, as the saying is, as they say.

	#497. Absurdity. -- N. absurdity, absurdness &c. adj.; imbecility &c. 499; alogy[obs1], nonsense, utter nonsense.
	paradox, oxymoron, contradiction in terms, inconsistency; stultiloquy[obs3], stultiloquence[obs3]; nugacity[obs3].
	{{similar_to(paradox)}} irony.
	blunder, muddle, bull; Irishism[obs2], Hibernicism[obs2]; slipslop[obs3]; anticlimax, bathos; sophism &c. 477.
	farce, galimathias[obs3], amphigouri[obs3], rhapsody; farrago &c. (disorder) 59; betise[Fr]; extravagance, romance; sciamachy[obs3].
	sell, pun, verbal quibble, macaronic[obs3].
	jargon, fustian, twaddle, gibberish &c. (no meaning) 517; exaggeration &c. 549; moonshine, stuff; mare's nest, quibble, self-delusion.
	vagary, tomfoolery, poppycock, mummery, monkey trick, boutade[Fr], escapade.
	V. play the fool &c. 499; talk nonsense, parler a tort et a travess[Fr]; battre la campagne[Fr][obs3];  <gr/ hanemolia bazein/gr>; be -absurd &c. adj.
	Adj. absurd, nonsensical, preposterous, egregious, senseless, inconsistent, ridiculous, extravagant, quibbling; self-annulling, self-contradictory; macaronic[obs3], punning.
	foolish &c. 499; sophistical &c. 477; unmeaning &c. 517; without rhyme or reason; fantastic.
	Int. fiddlededee! pish! pho[obs3]! "in the name of the Prophet--figs!" [Horace Smith].
	Phr. credat Judaeus Apella [Lat][Horace]; tell it to the marines.

	#498. Intelligence. Wisdom. -- N. intelligence, capacity, comprehension, understanding; cuteness, sabe * [obs3][U.S.], savvy * [U.S.]; intellect &c. 450; nous[Fr], parts, sagacity, mother wit, wit, esprit, gumption, quick parts, grasp of intellect; acuteness &c. adj.; acumen, subtlety, penetration, perspicacy[obs3], perspicacity; discernment, due sense of, good judgment; discrimination &c. 465; cunning &c. 702; refinement &c. (taste) 850.
	head, brains, headpiece, upper story, long head; eagle eye, eagle-glance; eye of a lynx, eye of a hawk.
	wisdom, sapience, sense; good sense, common sense, horse sense [U.S.], plain sense; rationality, reason; reasonableness &c. adj; judgment; solidity, depth, profundity, caliber; enlarged views; reach of thought, compass of thought; enlargement of mind.
	genius, inspiration, geist[Ger], fire of genius, heaven-born genius, soul; talent &c. (aptitude) 698.
	 prudence &c. 864[Wisdom in action]; vigilance &c. 459; tact &c. 698; foresight &c. 510; sobriety, self-possession, aplomb, ballast.
	a bright thought, not a bad idea.
	Solomon-like wisdom.
	V. be -intelligent &c. adj.; have all one's wits about one; understand &c. (intelligible) 518; catch an idea, take in  an idea; take a joke, take a hint.
	see through, see at a glance, see with half an eye, see far into, see through a millstone; penetrate; discern &c. (descry) 441; foresee &c. 510.
	discriminate &c. 465; know what's what &c. 698; listen to reason.
	Adj. [Applied to persons] intelligent, quick of apprehension, keen, acute, alive, brainy, awake, bright, quick, sharp; quick witted, keen witted, clear witted, sharp- eyed, sharp sighted, sharp witted; wide-awake; canny, shrewd, astute; clear-headed; farsighted &c. 510; discerning, perspicacious, penetrating, piercing; argute[obs3]; quick-witted, nimble-witted, needle-witted; sharp as a needle, sharp as a tack; alive to &c. (cognizant) 490; clever &c. (apt) 698; arch &c. (cunning) 702; pas si bete[Fr]; acute &c. 682.
	wise, sage, sapient, sagacious, reasonable, rational, sound, in one's right mind, sensible, abnormis sapiens[Lat], judicious, strong-minded.
	unprejudiced, unbiased, unbigoted[obs3], unprepossessed[obs3]; undazzled[obs3], unperplexed[obs3]; unwarped judgment[obs3], impartial, equitable, fair.
	cool; cool-headed, long-headed, hardheaded, strong-headed; long-sighted, calculating, thoughtful, reflecting; solid, deep, profound.
	oracular; heaven-directed, heaven-born.
	prudent &c. (cautious) 864; sober, stand, solid; considerate, politic, wise in one's generation; watchful &c. 459; provident &c. (prepared) 673; in advance of one' age; wise as a serpent, wise as Solomon, wise as Solon.
	[Applied to actions] wise, sensible, reasonable, judicious; well-thought-out, well-planned, well-judged, well-advised; prudent, politic; expedient &c. 646.
	Phr. aut regem aut fatuum nasci oportet[Lat]; "but with the morning cool reflection came" [Scott]; flosculi sententiarum[Lat]; les affaires font les hommes[Fr]; mas vale saber que haber[Sp]; mas vale ser necio que profiadol nemo solus sapit [Lat][Plautus]; nosce te[Lat]; <gr/gnothi seauton/gr>[Grk];  nullum magnum ingenium sine mixtura dementiae fuit [Lat][Seneca, from Aristotle]; sapere aude [Lat][Horace]; victrix fortunae sapientia [Lat][Juvenal].

	#499. Imbecility. Folly -- N. want of -intelligence &c. 498, want of -intellect &c. 450; shadowness[obs3], silliness, foolishness &c. adj.; imbecility, incapacity, vacancy of mind, poverty of intellect, weakness of intellect, clouded perception, poor head, apartments to let; stupidity, stolidity; hebetude[obs3], dull understanding, meanest capacity, shortsightedness; incompetence &c. (unskillfulness) 699.
	one's weak side, not one's strong point; bias &c. 481; infatuation &c. (insanity) 503.
	simplicity, puerility, babyhood; dotage, anility[obs3], second childishness, fatuity; idiocy, idiotism[obs3]; driveling.
	folly, frivolity, irrationality, trifling, ineptitude, nugacity[obs3], inconsistency, lip wisdom, conceit; sophistry &c. 477; giddiness &c. (inattention) 458; eccentricity &c. 503; extravagance &c. (absurdity) 497; rashness &c. 863.
	act of folly &c. 699.
	V. be - imbecile &c. adj.; have no brains, have no sense &c. 498.
	trifle, drivel, radoter[obs3], dote; ramble &c. (madness) 503; play the fool, play the monkey, monkey around, fool around; take leave of one's senses (insanity) 503; not see an inch beyond one's nose; stultify oneself &c. 699; talk nonsense &c. 497.
	Adj.  unintelligent[Applied to persons], unintellectual, unreasoning; mindless, witless, reasoningless[obs3], brainless; halfbaked; having no head &c. 498; not -bright &c. 498; inapprehensible[obs3].
	weak headed, addle headed, puzzle headed, blunder headed, muddle headed, muddy headed, pig headed, beetle headed, buffle headed[obs3], chuckle headed, mutton headed, maggoty headed, grossheaded[obs3]; beef headed, fat witted, fat-headed.
	weak-minded, feeble-minded; dull minded, shallow minded, lack-brained; rattle-brained, rattle headed; half witted, lean witted, short witted, dull witted, blunt-witted, shallow-pated[obs3], clod-pated[obs3], addle-pated[obs3]; dim-sighted, short-sighted; thick-skulled; weak in the upper story.
	shallow, borne, weak, wanting, soft, sappy, spoony; dull, dull as a beetle; stupid, heavy, insulse[obs3], obtuse, blunt, stolid, doltish; asinine; inapt &c. 699; prosaic &c. 843; hebetudinous[obs3].
	childish, child-like; infantine[obs3], infantile, babyish, babish[obs3]; puerile, anile; simple &c. (credulous) 486; old-womanish.
	fatuous, idiotic, imbecile, driveling; blatant, babbling; vacant; sottish; bewildered &c.475.
	blockish[obs3], unteachable Boeotian, Boeotic; bovine; ungifted, undiscerning[obs3], unenlightened, unwise, unphilosophical[obs3]; apish; simious[obs3].
	foolish, silly, senseless, irrational, insensate, nonsensical, inept; maudlin.
	narrow-minded &c. 481; bigoted &c. (obstinate) 606; giddy &c. (thoughtless) 458; rash &c. 863; eccentric &c. (crazed) 503.
	[Applied to actions] foolish, unwise, injudicious, improper, unreasonable, without reason, ridiculous, absurd, idiotic, silly, stupid, asinine; ill-imagined, ill-advised, ill-judged, ill-devised; mal entendu[Fr]; inconsistent, irrational,  unphilosophical[obs3]; extravagant &c. (nonsensical) 497; sleeveless, idle; pointless, useless &c. 645; inexpedient &c. 647; frivolous &c. (trivial) 643.
	Phr. Davus sum non [Lat][Oedipus]; "a fool's bolt is soon shot"  clitellae bovi sunt impositae  [obs3][Henry V.][Lat][Cicero]; "fools rush in where angels fear to tread" [Pope]; il n' a ni bouche ni eperon [Fr]; "the bookful blockhead, ignorantly read" [Pope]; "to varnish nonsense with the charms of sound" [Churchill].

<-- 500 Sage and 501 Fool to person who ... P2.3.2.3.2.5.5   
 -->

	#502. Sanity. -- N. sanity; soundness &c. adj.; rationality, sobriety, lucidity, lucid interval; senses, sober senses, right mind, sound mind, mens sana[Lat].
	V. be sane &c. adj.; retain one's senses, retain one's reason.
	become sane &c. adj.; come to one's senses, sober down.
	render sane &c. adj; bring to one's senses, sober.
	Adj. sane, rational, reasonable, compos mentis, of sound mind; sound, sound-minded; lucid.
	self-possessed; sober, sober-minded.
	in one's sober senses, in one's right mind; in possession of one's faculties.
	Adv. sanely &c.adj.

	#503. Insanity. -- N. disordered reason, disordered intellect; diseased mind, unsound mind, abnormal mind; derangement, unsoundness; psychosis; neurosis; cognitive disorder; affective disorder[obs3].
	insanity, lunacy; madness &c. adj.; mania, rabies, furor, mental alienation, aberration; paranoia, schizophrenia; dementation[obs3], dementia, demency[obs3]; phrenitis[obs3], phrensy[obs3], frenzy, raving, incoherence, wandering, delirium, calenture of the brain[obs3]; delusion, hallucination; lycanthropy[obs3]; brain storm[obs2].
	vertigo, dizziness, swimming; sunstroke, coup de soleil[Fr], siriasis[obs3].
	fanaticism, infatuation, craze; oddity, eccentricity, twist, monomania (caprice) 608; kleptodipsomania[obs3]; hypochondriasis &c. (low spirits) 837[Med]; melancholia, depression, clinical depression, severe depression; hysteria; amentia[obs3].
	screw loose, tile loose, slate loose; bee in one's bonnet, rats in the upper story.
	dotage &c. (imbecility) 499.
	V. be insane &c. adj.
	become insane &c. adj; lose one's senses, lose one's reason, lose one's faculties, lose one's wits; go mad, run mad, lose one's marbles [coll.], go crazy, go bonkers [coll.], flip one's wig [coll.], flip one's lid[coll.], flip out[coll.], flip one's bush [coll.].
	rave, dote, ramble, wander; drivel &c. (be imbecile) 499; have a screw loose &c. n., have a devil; avoir le diable au corps[Fr]; lose one;s head &c. (be uncertain) 475.
	render mad, drive mad &c. adj.; madden, dementate[obs3], addle the wits, addle the brain, derange the head, infatuate, befool[obs3]; turn the brain, turn one's head; drive one nuts [coll.].
	Adj. insane, mad, lunatic ,loony[coll.]; crazy, crazed, aliene[obs3], non compos mentis; not right, cracked, touched; bereft of reason; all possessed, unhinged, unsettled in one's mind; insensate, reasonless, beside oneself, demented, daft; phrenzied[obs3], frenzied, frenetic; possessed, possessed with a devil; deranged, maddened, moonstruck; shatterpated[obs3]; mad-brained, scatter brained, shatter brained, crackbrained; touched, tetched [dialect]; off one's head.
	[behavior suggesting insanity] maniacal; delirious, lightheaded, incoherent, rambling, doting, wandering; frantic, raving, stark staring mad, stark raving mad, wild-eyed, berserk; delusional, hallucinatory.
	[behavior somewhat resembling insanity] corybantic[obs3], dithyrambic; rabid, giddy, vertiginous, wild; haggard, mazed; flighty; distracted, distraught; depressed;  agitated, hyped up; bewildered &c. (uncertain) 475.
	mad as a March hare, mad as a hatter; of unsound mind &c. n.; touched in one's head, wrong in one's head, not right in one's head, not in one's right mind, not right in one's wits, upper story; out of one's mind, out of one's wits, out of one's skull [coll.], far gone, out of one's senses, out of one's wits; not in one's right mind.
	fanatical, infatuated, odd, eccentric; hypped[obs3], hyppish[obs3]; spaced out [coll.].
	imbecile, silly, &c. 499.
	Adv. like one possessed.
	Phr. the mind having lost its balance; the reason under a cloud; tet exaltee[French], tet montee[French]; ira furor brevis est[Latin]; omnes stultos insanire [Latin][Horace].

<--  Madman  to person who ... R504 P2.3.2.3.2.5.6    -->

M5.6  EXTENSION OF THOUGHT  R505 to R513
M5.6.1  Extension To the Past R505 to R509
<--  	505.	Memory					506.	Oblivion
		507.	Expectation				508.	Inexpectation
									509.	Disappointment  -->

	#505. Memory.-- N. memory, remembrance; retention, retentiveness; tenacity; veteris vestigia flammae[Lat]; tablets of the memory; readiness.
	reminiscence, recollection, recognition[obs2], rememoration[obs3]; recurrence, flashback; retrospect, retrospection.
	afterthought, post script, PS.
	suggestion &c. (information) 527; prompting &c. v.; hint, reminder; remembrancer[obs3], flapper; memorial &c. (record) 551; commemoration &c. (celebration) 883.
	[written reminder]  note, memo, memorandum;
	things to be remembered, token of remembrance, memento, souvenir, keepsake, relic, memorabilia.
	art of memory, artificial memory; memoria technica[Lat]; mnemonics, mnemotechnics[obs3]; phrenotypics[obs3]; Mnemosyne.
	prompt-book;  crib sheet, cheat sheet.
	retentive memory, tenacious memory, photographic memory, green memory[obs2], trustworthy memory, capacious memory, faithful memory, correct memory, exact memory, ready memory, prompt memory, accurate recollection; perfect memory, total recall.
	celebrity, fame, renown, reputation &c. (repute) 873.
	V. remember, mind; retain the memory of, retain the remembrance of; keep in view.
	recognize, recollect, bethink oneself, recall, call up, retrace; look back, trace back, trace backwards; think back, look back upon; review; call upon, recall upon, bring to mind, bring to remembrance; carry one's thoughts back; rake up the past.
	have in the thoughts, hold in the thoughts, bear in the thoughts, carry in the thoughts, keep in the thoughts, retain in the thoughts, have in the memory, hold in the memory, bear in the memory, carry in the memory, keep in the memory, retain in the memory, have in the mind, hold in the mind, bear in the mind, carry in the mind, keep in the mind, retain in the mind, hold in remembrance; be in one's thoughts, live in one's thoughts, remain in one's thoughts, dwell in one's thoughts, haunt one's thoughts, impress one's thoughts, be in one's mind, live in one's mind, remain in one's mind, dwell in one's mind, haunt one's mind, impress one's mind, dwell in  one's memory.
	sink in the mind; run in the head; not be able to get out of one's head; be deeply impressed with; rankle &c. (revenge) 919.
	recur to the mind; flash on the mind, flash across the memory.
	[cause to remember] remind; suggest &c. (inform ) 527; prompt; put in mind, keep in mind, bring to mind;  fan the embers; call up, summon up, rip up; renew; infandum renovare dolorem [Lat];  jog the memory, flap the memory, refresh the memory, rub up the memory, awaken the memory; pull by the sleeve; bring back to the memory, put in remembrance, memorialize.
	task the memory, tax the memory.
	get at one's fingers' ends, have at one's fingers', learn at one's fingers', know one's lesson, say one's lesson, repeat by heart, repeat by rote; say one's lesson; repeat, repeat as a parrot; have at one's fingers' ends.
	[transitive] commit to memory, memorize; con over, con; fix in the memory, rivet in the memory, imprint in the memory, impress in the memory, stamp in the memory, grave in the memory, engrave in the memory, store in the memory, treasure up in the memory, bottle up in the memory, embalm in the memory, enshrine in the memory; load the memory with, store the memory with, stuff the memory with, burden the memory with.
	redeem from oblivion; keep the memory alive, keep the  wound green, pour salt in the wound, reopen old wounds'; tangere ulcus[obs3][Lat]; keep up the memory of; commemorate &c. (celebrate) 883.
	make a note of, jot a note, pen a memorandum &c. (record) 551.
	Adj. remembering, remembered &c. v.; mindful, reminiscential[obs3]; retained in the memory &c. v.; pent up in one's memory; fresh; green, green in remembrance; unforgotten, present to the mind; within one's memory &c. n.; indelible; uppermost in one's thoughts; memorable &c. (important) 642.
	Adv. by heart, by rote; without book, memoriter[obs3].
	in memory of; in memoriam; memoria in aeterna[Lat]; suggestive.
	Phr. manet alta mente repostum [Lat][Vergil]; forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit [Lat][Vergil]; absens haeres non erit [Lat]; beatae memoriae [Lat]; "briefly thyself remember" [Lear]; mendacem memorem esse oportet [Lat][Quintilian]; "memory the warder of the brain" [Macbeth]; parsque est meminisse doloris [Lat][Ovid]; "to live in hearts we leave behind is not to die" [Campbell]; vox audita peril littera scripta manet [Lat]; out of sight, out of mind.

	#506. Oblivion.-- N. oblivion, obliviousness, lethe; forgetfulness &c. adj.; amnesia; obliteration &c. 552 of , insensibility &c. 823 to the past.
	short memory, treacherous memory, poor memory, loose memory, slippery memory, failing memory; decay of memory, failure of memory, lapse of memory; waters of Lethe, waters of oblivion.
	amnesty, general pardon.
	[deliberate or  unconscious forgetting] repressed memory.
	V. forget; be forgetful &c. adj.; fall into oblivion, sink into oblivion; have a short memory &c. n., have no head.
	forget one's own name, have on the tip of one's tongue, come in one ear and go out the other.
	slip memory, escape memory, fade from memory, die away from the memory; lose, lose sight of.
	fail to recall, not be able to recall.
	[cause oneself to forget: transitive] unlearn; efface &c. 552 , discharge from the memory; consign to oblivion, consign to the tomb of the Capulets; think no more of &c. (turn the attention from) 458; cast behind one's back, wean one's thoughts from; let bygones be bygones &c.(forgive) 918.
	Adj. forgotten &c. v.; unremembered, past recollection, bygone, out of mind; buried in oblivion, sunk in oblivion; clean forgotten; gone out of one's head, gone out of one's recollection.
	forgetful, oblivious, mindless, Lethean; insensible &c. 823 to the past; heedless.
	Phr. non mi ricordo[It]; the memory failing, the memory deserting one, being at (or in) fault.

	#507. Expectation. -- N. expectation, expectance, expectancy; anticipation, reckoning, calculation; foresight &c. 510.
	contemplation, prospection[obs3], lookout; prospect, perspective, horizon, vista; destiny &c. 152.
	V. expect; look for, look out for, look forward to; hope for; anticipate; have in prospect, have in contemplation; keep in view; contemplate, promise oneself; not wonder &c. 870 at, not wonder if.
	wait for, tarry for, lie in wait for, watch for, bargain for; keep a good lookout for, keep a sharp lookout for; await; stand at "attention," abide, bide one's time, watch.
	foresee &c. 510; prepare for &c. 673; forestall &c. (be early) 132; count upon &c. (believe in) 484; think likely &c. (probability) 472.
	lead one to expect &c. (predict) 511; have in store for &c. (destiny) 152.
	prick up one's ears, hold one's breath.
	Adj. expectant; expecting &c. v.; in expectation &c. n.; on the watch &c. (vigilant) 459; open-eyed, open-mouthed, in wide-eyed anticipation; agape, gaping, all agog; on tenterhooks, on tiptoe, on the tiptoe of expectation; aux aguets[obs3]; ready; curious &c. 455; looking forward to.
	expected &c. v.; long expected, foreseen; in prospect &c. n.; prospective; in one's eye, in one's view, in the horizon, on the horizon, just over the horizon, just around the corner, around the corner; impending &c. (destiny) 152.
	Adv. on the watch &c. adj.; with breathless expectation &c. n.; with bated breath, with rapt anticipation; arrectis auribus[Lat].
	Phr. we shall see; nous verrons[Fr]; "expectation whirls me round" [Troilus and Cressida]; the light at the end of the tunnel.

	#508. Inexpectation. -- N. inexpectation[obs3], non-expectation; false expectation &c. (disappointment) 509; miscalculation &c. 481.
	surprise, sudden burst, thunderclap, blow, shock, start; bolt out of the blue; wonder &c. 870; eye opener.
	unpleasant surprise, pleasant surprise.
	V. not expect &c. 507; be taken by surprise; start; miscalculate &c. 481; not bargain for; come upon, fall upon.
	be unexpected &c. adj.; come unawares &c. adv.; turn up, pop, drop from the clouds; come upon one, burst upon one, flash upon one, bounce upon one, steal upon one, creep upon one; come like a thunder clap, burst like a thunderclap, thunder bolt; take by surprise, catch by surprise, catch unawares, catch napping; yach [obs3][S. Africa].
	pounce upon, spring a mine upon.
	surprise, startle, take aback, electrify, stun, stagger, take away one's breath, throw off one's guard; astonish, dumbfound  &c. (strike with wonder) 870.
	Adj. nonexpectant[obs3]; surprised &c. v.; unwarned, unaware; off one's guard; inattentive 458.
	unexpected, unanticipated, unpredicted[obs3], unlooked for, unforeseen, unhoped for; dropped from the clouds; beyond expectation, contrary to expectation, against expectation, against all expectation; out of one's reckoning; unheard of &c. (exceptional) 83; startling, surprising; sudden &c. (instantaneous) 113.
	unpredictable, unforeseeable (unknowable) 519.
	Adv. abruptly, unexpectedly, surprisingly; plump, pop, a l'improviste[Fr], unawares; without notice, without warning, without a "by your leave"; like a thief in the night, like a thunderbolt; in an unguarded moment; suddenly &c. (instantaneously) 113.
	Int. heydey[obs3]! &c. (wonder) 870.
	Phr. little did one think, little did one expect; nobody would ever suppose, nobody would ever think, nobody would ever expect; who would have thought? it beats the Dutch[obs2].

	#509. [Failure of expectation.] Disappointment.-- N. disappointment; blighted hope, balk; blow; anticlimax; slip 'twixt cup and lip; nonfulfillment of one's hopes; sad disappointment, bitter disappointment; trick of fortune; afterclap; false expectation, vain expectation; miscalculation &c. 481; fool's paradise; much cry and little wool.
	V. be disappointed; look blank, look blue; look aghast, stand aghast &c. (wonder) 870; find to one's cost; laugh on the wrong side of one's mouth; find one a false prophet.
	not realize one's hope, not realize one's expectation.
	 disappoint[cause to be disappointed];  frustrate, discomfit, crush, defeat (failure) 732; crush one's hope, dash one's hope, balk one's hope, disappoint one's hope, blight one's hope, falsify one's hope, defeat one's hope, discourage;  balk, jilt, bilk; play one false, play a trick; dash the cup from the lips, tantalize; dumfound, dumbfound, dumbfounder, dumfounder (astonish) 870.
	Adj. disappointed &c. v.; disconcerted, aghast; disgruntled; out of one's reckoning.
	Phr. the mountain labored and brought forth a mouse; parturiunt montes[Lat]; nascitur ridiculus mus [Lat][Horace]; diis aliter visum[Lat][obs3], the bubble burst; one's countenance falling.

M5.6.2  Extension of thought to the future R510 to R513
<--    510.	Foresight
		511.	Prediction
		512.	Omen
		513.	Oracle   -->
	#510. Foresight. -- N. foresight, prospicience[obs3], prevision, long-sightedness; anticipation; providence &c. (preparation) 673.
	forethought, forecast; predeliberation[obs3], presurmise[obs3]; foregone conclusion &c. (prejudgment) 481; prudence &c. (caution) 864.
	foreknowledge; prognosis; precognition, prescience, prenotion[obs3], presentiment; second sight; sagacity &c. (intelligence) 498; antepast[obs3], prelibation[obs3], prophasis[obs3].
	prospect &c. (expectation) 507; foretaste; prospectus &c. (plan) 626.
	V. foresee; look forwards to, look ahead, look beyond; scent from afar; look into the future, pry into the future, peer into the future.
	see one's way; see how the land lies, get the lay of the land, see how the wind blows, test the waters, see how the cat jumps.
	anticipate; expect &c. 507; be beforehand &c. (early) 132; predict &c. 511; foreknow, forejudge, forecast; presurmise[obs3]; have an eye to the future, have an eye to the main chance; respicere finem[Lat]; keep a sharp lookout &c. (vigilance) 459; forewarn &c. 668.
	Adj. foreseeing &c. v.; prescient; farseeing, farsighted; sagacious &c. (intelligent) 498; weatherwise[obs3]; provident &c. (prepared) 673; prospective &c. 507.
	Adv. against the time when.
	Phr. cernit omnia Deus vindex[Lat]; mihi cura futuri[Lat]; run it up the flagpole and see who salutes.

	#511. Prediction.-- N. prediction, announcement; program, programme &c. (plan) 626[Brit]; premonition &c. (warning) 668; prognosis, prophecy, vaticination, mantology[obs3], prognostication, premonstration[obs1]; augury, auguration[obs1]; ariolation[obs1], hariolation[obs1]; foreboding, aboding[obs3]; bodement[obs3], abodement[obs3]; omniation[obs1], omniousness[obs3]; auspices, forecast; omen &c. 512; horoscope, nativity; sooth[obs3], soothsaying; fortune telling, crystal gazing; divination; necromancy &c. 992.
	[Divination by the stars] astrology[obs3], horoscopy[obs3], judicial astrology1[obs3].
	[Place of prediction] adytum[obs3].
	prefiguration[obs3], prefigurement; prototype, type.
	[ref: person who predicts] oracle &c. 513.
	V. predict, prognosticate, prophesy, vaticinate, divine, foretell, soothsay, augurate[obs3], tell fortunes; cast a horoscope, cast a nativity; advise; forewarn &c. 668. 
	presage, augur, bode; abode, forebode; foretoken, betoken; prefigure, preshow[obs3]; portend; foreshow[obs3], foreshadow; shadow forth, typify, pretypify[obs3], ominate[obs3], signify, point to.
	usher in, herald, premise, announce; lower.
	hold out expectation, raise expectation, excite expectation, excite  hope; bid fair, promise, lead one to expect; be the precursor &c. 64.
	[predict by mathematical or statistical means from past experience] extrapolate, project.
	Adj. predicting &cv.; predictive, prophetic; fatidic[obs3], fatidical[obs3]; vaticinal, oracular, fatiloquent[obs3], haruspical, Sibylline; weatherwise[obs3].
	ominous, portentous, augurous[obs3], augurial, augural; auspicial[obs3], auspicious; prescious[obs3], monitory, extispicious[obs3], premonitory, significant of, pregnant with, bit with the fate of.
	Phr. "coming events cast their shadows before" [Campbell]; dicamus bona verba[Lat]; "there buds the promise of celestial worth" [Young].

<-- 1The following terms, expressive of different forms of divination, have been collected from various sources, and are here given as a curious illustration of bygone superstitions:- -->
	Divination by oracles, Theomancy[obs3]; by the Bible, Bibliomancy; by ghosts, Psychomancy[obs3]; by crystal gazing, Crystallomancy[obs3]; by shadows or manes, Sciomancy; by appearances in the air, Aeromancy[obs3], Chaomancy[obs3]; by the stars at birth, Genethliacs; by meteors, Meteoromancy[obs3]; by winds, Austromancy[obs3]; by sacrificial appearances, Aruspicy (or Haruspicy)[obs3], Hieromancy[obs3], Hieroscopy[obs3]; by the entrails of animals sacrificed, Extispicy[obs3], Hieromancy[obs3]; by the entrails of a human sacrifice, Anthropomancy[obs3]; by the entrails of fishes, Ichthyomancy[obs3]; by sacrificial fire, Pyromancy[obs3]; by red-hot iron, Sideromancy[obs3]; by smoke from the altar, Capnomancy[obs3]; by mice, Myomancy[obs3]; by birds, Orniscopy[obs3], Ornithomancy[obs3]; by a cock picking up grains, Alectryomancy (or Alectromancy)[obs3]; by fishes, Ophiomancy[obs3]; by herbs, Botanomancy[obs3]; by water, Hydromancy[obs3]; by fountains, Pegomancy[obs3]; by a wand, Rhabdomancy; by dough of cakes, Crithomancy[obs3]; by meal, Aleuromancy[obs3], Alphitomancy[obs3]; by salt, Halomancy[obs3]; by dice, Cleromancy[obs3]; by arrows, Belomancy[obs3]; by a balanced hatchet, Axinomancy[obs3]; by a balanced sieve, Coscinomancy[obs3]; by a suspended ring, Dactyliomancy[obs3]; by dots made at random on paper, Geomancy[obs3]; by precious stones, Lithomancy[obs3]; by pebbles, Pessomancy[obs3]; by pebbles drawn from a heap, Psephomancy[obs3]; by mirrors, Catoptromancy[obs3]; by writings in ashes, Tephramancy[obs3]; by dreams, Oneiromancy[obs3]; by the hand, Palmistry, Chiromancy; by nails reflecting the sun's rays, Onychomancy[obs3]; by finger rings, Dactylomancy[obs3]; by numbers, Arithmancy[obs3]; by drawing lots, Sortilege[obs3]; by passages in books, Stichomancy[obs3]; by the letters forming the name of the person, Onomancy[obs3], Nomancy; by the features, Anthroposcopy[obs3]; by the mode of laughing, Geloscopy[obs3]; by ventriloquism, Gastromancy[obs3]; by walking in a circle, Gyromancy[obs3]; by dropping melted wax into water, Ceromancy[obs3]; by currents, Bletonism; by the color and peculiarities of wine, Oenomancy[obs3].

	#512. Omen.-- N. omen, portent, presage, prognostic, augury, auspice; sign &c. (indication) 550; harbinger &c. (precursor) 64; yule candle[obs2].
	bird of ill omen; signs of the times; gathering clouds; warning &c. 668.
	prefigurement &c. 511.
	Adj. foreboding, ill-boding, ill-omened.
	Phr. auspicium melioris aevi[Lat][obs3].
	
[ref: 513 Oracle to person who ...  P2.3.2.3.2.5.15]

M5.7  CREATIVE THOUGHT  R514, R515
<--   		514.	Supposition
		515.	Imagination   -->
	#514. Supposition.-- N. supposition, assumption, assumed position, postulation, condition, presupposition, hypothesis, blue sky hypothesis, postulate, postulatum[Lat], theory; thesis, theorem; data; proposition, position;  proposal &c. (plan) 626;  presumption &c. (belief) 484; divination.
	conjecture; guess, guesswork, speculation; rough guess, shot, shot in the dark [coll.]; conjecturality[obs3]; surmise, suspicion, sneaking suspicion; estimate,  approximation (nearness) 197.
	inkling, suggestion, hint, intimation, notion, impression; bare supposition, vague supposition, loose supposition, loose suggestion.
	association of ideas, (analogy) 514a; metonym[Gram], metonymy[Gram], simile (metaphor) 521.
	conceit, idea, thought; original idea, invention (imagination) 515.
	V. suppose, conjecture, surmise, suspect, guess, divine; theorize; presume, presurmise[obs3], presuppose; assume, fancy, wis[obs3], take it; give a guess, speculate, believe, dare say, take it into one's head, take for granted; imagine &c. 515.
	put forth; propound, propose; start, put a case, submit, move, make a motion; hazard out, throw out a suggestion, put forward a suggestion, put forward conjecture.
	allude to, suggest, hint, put it into one's head.
	suggest itself &c. (thought) 451; run in the head &c. (memory) 505; marvel if, wonder if, wonder whether.
	Adj. supposing &c. v.; given, mooted, postulatory[obs3]; assumed &c. v.; supposititious, suppositive[obs3], suppositious; gratuitous, speculative, conjectural, hypothetical, theoretical, academic, supposable, presumptive, putative; suppositional.
	suggestive, allusive.
	Adv. if, if so be; an; on the supposition &c. n.;ex hypothesi[Lat]; in the case, in the event of; quasi, as if, provided; perhaps &c. (by possibility) 470; for aught one knows.

<-- under creative thought we should include a separate section on analogy, metaphor, association etc. distinct from 521??  -->
	#514a. Analogy -- N.  analogy, association, association of ideas.
	metaphor &c. 521.
	analogical thinking; free association; train of thought, .
	Adj. analogical.

	#515. Imagination. -- N. imagination; originality; invention; fancy; inspiration; verve.
	warm imagination, heated imagination, excited imagination, sanguine imagination, ardent imagination, fiery imagination, boiling imagination, wild imagination, bold imagination, daring imagination, playful imagination, lively imagination, fertile imagination, fancy.
	"mind's eye"; "such stuff as dreams are made of" [Tempest].
	ideality, idealism; romanticism, utopianism, castle-building.
	dreaming; phrensy[obs3], frenzy; ecstasy, extasy[obs3]; calenture &c. (delirium) 503[obs3]; reverie, trance; day dream, golden dream; somnambulism.
	conception, Vorstellung[Ger], excogitation[obs3], "a fine frenzy"; cloudland[obs3], dreamland; flight of fancy, fumes of fancy; "thick coming fancies" [Macbeth]; creation of the brain, coinage of the brain; imagery.
	conceit, maggot, figment, myth, dream, vision, shadow, chimera; phantasm, phantasy; fantasy, fancy; whim, whimsey[obs3], whimsy; vagary, rhapsody, romance, gest[obs3], geste[obs3], extravaganza; air drawn dagger, bugbear, nightmare.
	flying Dutchman, great sea serpent, man in the moon, castle in the air, pipe dream, pie-in-the-sky, chateau en Espagne[Fr]; Utopia, Atlantis[obs3], happy valley, millennium, fairyland; land of Prester John, kindgom of Micomicon; work of fiction &c. (novel) 594; Arabian nights[obs3]; le pot au lait[Fr]; dream of Alnashar &c. (hope) 858[obs3].
	illusion &c. (error) 495; phantom &c. (fallacy of vision) 443; Fata Morgana &c. (ignis fatuus) 423[Lat]; vapor &c. (cloud) 353; stretch of the imagination &c. (exaggeration) 549; mythogenesis[obs3].
	idealist, romanticist, visionary; mopus[obs3]; romancer, dreamer; somnambulist; rhapsodist &c. (fanatic) 504; castle-buildier, fanciful projector.
	V. imagine, fancy, conceive; idealize, realize; dream, dream of, dream up; "give to airy nothing a local habitation and a name" [Midsummer Night's Dream].
	create, originate, devise, invent, coin, fabricate; improvise, strike out something new.
	set one's wits to work; strain one's invention, crack one's invention; rack one's brains, ransack one's brains, cudgel one's brains; excogitate[obs3]; brainstorm.
	give play, give the reins, give a loose to the imagination, give fancy; indulge in reverie.
	visualize, envision, conjure up a vision; fancy oneself, represent oneself, picture, picture-oneself, figure to oneself; vorstellen[Ger].
	float in the mind; suggest itself &c. (thought) 451.
	Adj. imagined &c. v.; ben trovato[It]; air drawn, airbuilt[obs3].
	imagining &cv. v, imaginative; original, inventive, creative, fertile.
	romantic, high flown, flighty, extravagant, fanatic, enthusiastic, unrealistic, Utopian, Quixotic.
	ideal, unreal; in the clouds, in nubibus[Lat]; unsubsantial &c. 4[obs3]; illusory &c. (fallacious) 495.
	fabulous, legendary; mythical, mythic, mythological; chimerical; imaginary, visionary; notional; fancy, fanciful, fantastic, fantastical[obs3]; whimsical; fairy, fairy-like; gestic[obs3].
	Phr. "a change came o'er the spirit of my dream" [Byron]; aegri somnia vana[Lat][obs3]; dolphinum appingit sylvis in fluctibus aprum  [obs3][Latin][Horace]; "fancy light from fancy caught" [Tennyson]; "imagination rules the world" [Napoleon]; l'imagination gallope[Fr], le jugement ne va que le pas[French]; musaeo contingens cuncta lepore  [Latin][Lucretius]; tous songes sont mensonges[French]; Wahrheil und Dichtung[German].

<--  R516 to R599 to M8.1  Communication  -->

<--   504  Madman to HROLE   -->

M6   Matter-Mind Interactions: Perception, sensationE
			(input of world to mind: from mental perspective)
			(exclude parts of sensation included in biology)
M6.1  Sensation (ontology)   r375 - r381, r390 to r401, r406 to r419
				449
				(except parts to PO, physics )
		390 - 401 to sensation m6
		406 - 419 to sensation m6

M6.1.1  Sensation Generally...R375 to R378
<--  
		151a. Experience
		375.	Sensibility				376. Insensibility
		377.	Pleasure					378. Pain   -->

	#151a. Experience [experience of an event, R151] meet with; experience, enjoy, encounter, undergo, suffer, pass through, go through, be subjected to, be exposed to; fall to the lot of; be one's chance, be one's fortune, be one's lot; find.
	endure &c. (feel) 821.
	Adj.  eventful, stirring, bustling, full of incident; memorable, momentous, signal.

	#375. Physical Sensibility. -- N. sensibility; sensitiveness &c. adj.; physical sensibility, feeling, impressibility, perceptivity, aesthetics; moral sensibility &c. 822.
	sensation, impression; consciousness &c. (knowledge) 490.
	external senses.
	V. be sensible of &c. adj. ; feel, perceive.
	render sensible &c. adj.; sharpen, cultivate, tutor.
	cause sensation, impress; excite an impression, produce an impression.
	Adj. sensible, sensitive, sensuous; aesthetic, perceptive, sentient; conscious &c. (aware) 490.
	acute, sharp, keen, vivid, lively, impressive, thin-skinned.
	Adv. to the quick.
	Phr. "the touch'd needle trembles to the pole" [Pope].

	#376. Physical Insensibility. -- N. insensibility, physical insensibility; obtuseness &c. adj.; palsy, paralysis, paraesthesia[Med], anaesthesia; sleep &c. 823; hemiplegia[obs3], motor paralysis; vegetable state; coma.
	anaesthetic agent, opium, ether, chloroform, chloral; nitrous oxide, laughing gas; exhilarating gas, protoxide of nitrogen[ISA:chemsubcfs]; refrigeration.
	V. be insensible &c. adj.; have a thick skin, have a rhinoceros hide.
	render insensible &c. adj.; anaesthetize[obs3], blunt, pall, obtund[obs3], benumb, paralyze; put under the influence of chloroform &c. n.; stupefy, stun.
	Adj. insensible, unfeeling, senseless, impercipient[obs3], callous, thick-skinned, pachydermatous; hard, hardened; case hardened; proof, obtuse, dull; anaesthetic; comatose, paralytic, palsied, numb, dead.

<-- note that the emotion of pleasure, joy is under affections,
M3.3.2.1  PASSIVE personal affections   R827 to R844
  R827.   Pleasure;     R828.  Pain
-->
	#377. Physical Pleasure. -- N. pleasure; physical pleasure, sensual pleasure, sensuous pleasure; bodily enjoyment, animal gratification, hedonism, sensuality; luxuriousness &c. adj.; dissipation, round of pleasure, titillation, gusto, creature comforts, comfort, ease; pillow &c. (support) 215; luxury, lap of luxury; purple and fine linen; bed of downs, bed of roses; velvet, clover; cup of Circe &c. (intemperance) 954.
	treat; refreshment, regale; feast; delice[Fr]; dainty &c. 394; bonne bouche[Fr].
	[ref: source of pleasure &c. 829].
	{{causes:  happiness, joy, pleasure,  R827,  M3.3.2.1}}.
	V. feel pleasure, experience pleasure, receive pleasure; enjoy, relish; luxuriate in, revel in, riot in, bask in, swim in, drink up, eat up, wallow in; feast on; gloat over, float on; smack the lips.
	live on the fat of the land, live in comfort &c. adv.; bask in the sunshine, faire ses choux gras[Fr]..
	give pleasure &c. 829.
	Adj. enjoying &c. v.; luxurious, voluptuous, sensual, comfortable, cosy, snug, in comfort, at ease.
	pleasant, agreeable &c. 829.
	Adv. in comfort &c. n.; on a bed of roses &c. n.; at one's ease.
	Phr. ride si sapis  [Lat][Martial]; voluptales commendat rarior usus [Lat][Juvenal].

	#378. Physical Pain. -- N. pain; suffering, sufferance, suffrance[obs3]; bodily pain, physical pain, bodily suffering, physical suffering, body pain; dolour, ache; aching &c. v.; smart; shoot, shooting; twinge, twitch, gripe, headache, stomach ache, heartburn, angina, angina pectoris[Lat]; hurt, cut; sore, soreness; discomfort, malaise; cephalalgia[Med], earache, gout, ischiagra[obs3], lumbago, neuralgia, odontalgia[obs3], otalgia[obs3], podagra[obs3], rheumatism, sciatica; tic douloureux[Fr], toothache, tormina[obs3], torticollis[obs3].
	{{causes: mental suffering &c. R828}}.
	spasm, cramp; nightmare, ephialtes[obs3]; crick, stitch; thrill, convulsion, throe; throb &c. (agitation) 315; pang; colic; kink.
	sharp pain, piercing pain, throbbing pain, shooting pain, sting, gnawing pain, burning pain; excruciating pain.
	anguish, agony; torment, torture; rack; cruciation[obs3], crucifixion; martyrdom, toad under a harrow, vivisection.
	V. feel pain, experience pain, suffer pain, undergo pain &c. n.; suffer, ache, smart, bleed; tingle, shoot; twinge, twitch, lancinate[obs3]; writhe, wince, make a wry face; sit on thorns, sit on pins and needles.
	give pain, inflict pain; lacerate; pain, hurt, chafe, sting, bite, gnaw, gripe; pinch, tweak; grate, gall, fret, prick, pierce, wring, convulse; torment, torture; rack, agonize; crucify; cruciate[obs3], excruciate[obs1]; break on the wheel, put to the rack; flog &c. (punish) 972; grate on the ear &c. (harsh sound) 410.
	Adj. in pain &c. n., in a state of pain; pained &c. v.; gouty, podagric[obs3], torminous[obs3].
	painful; aching &c. v.; sore, raw.

M6.1.2    Specific  Sensation 
M6.1.2.1  Touch  R379 to R381
<--  	379.	Touch
		380.	Sensations of touch			381.	Numbness
-->
	#379. [Sensation of pressure] Touch. -- N. touch; tact, taction[obs3], tactility; feeling; palpation, palpability; contrectation[obs3]; manipulation; massage.
	[Organ of touch] hand, finger, forefinger, thumb, paw, feeler, antenna; palpus[obs3].
	V. touch, feel, handle, finger, thumb, paw, fumble, grope, grabble; twiddle, tweedle; pass the fingers over, run the fingers over; manipulate, wield; throw out a feeler.
	Adj. tactual, tactile; tangible, palpable; lambent.

	#380. Sensations of Touch. -- N. itching, pruritis &c. v[Med].; titillation, formication[obs3], aura; stereognosis[obs3].
	V. itch, tingle, creep, thrill, sting; prick, prickle; tickle, titillate.
	Adj. itching &c. v.; stereognostic[obs3], titillative.

	#381. [insensibility to touch.] Numbness. -- N. numbness &c. (physical insensibility) 376; anaesthesia.
	{{has_low_level}} paresthesia, pins and needles.
	V. benumb &c. 376.
	Adj. numb; benumbed &c. v.; deadened; intangible, impalpable.

M6.1.2.2  Cold. [Sensation of cold]. -- N.
	chilliness &c. adj; chill; shivering &c. v.; goose skin, horripilation[obs3]; rigor; chattering of teeth; numbness, frostbite.

M6.1.2.3   Heat, warmth
<-- NOTE: most of 382 heat, 383 cold 384 calefaction, 385 refrigeration to 
			physics.heat
		386 furnace, 387 refrigeratory to POMACH
		388 fuel to POM processed natural materials
		388a Insulation, fire extinction to Physics.heat
		389 thermometer  to POMEAS, measuring instruments  -->

M6.1.2.4  Taste  R390 to R401a exc. R393 [[taste]]
		390. Taste					391.	Insipidity
		392.	Pungency
		cf. 393 condiment to POFOOD 
		394.	Savoriness				395.	Unsavoriness
		396.	Sweetness					397.	Sourness
-->
	#390. Taste. -- N. taste, flavor, gust, gusto, savor; gout, relish; sapor[obs1], sapidity[obs3]; twang, smack, smatch[obs1]; aftertaste, tang.
	tasting; degustation, gustation.
	palate, tongue, tooth, stomach.
	V. taste, savor, smatch[obs3], smack, flavor, twang; tickle the palate &c. (savory) 394; smack the lips.
	Adj. sapid, saporific[obs3]; gustable[obs1], gustatory; gustful[obs3]; strong, gamy; palatable &c. 394.

	#391. Insipidity. -- N. insipidity, blandness; tastelessness &c. adj.
	V. be tasteless &c. adj.
	Adj. bland, void of taste &c. 390; insipid; tasteless, gustless[obs1], savorless; ingustible[obs1], mawkish, milk and water, weak, stale, flat, vapid, fade, wishy-washy, mild; untasted[obs3].

	#392. Pungency. -- N. pungency, piquance, piquancy, poignancy haut-gout, strong taste, twang, race.
	sharpness &c. adj.; acrimony; roughness &c. (sour) 392; unsavoriness &c. 395.
	mustard, cayenne, caviare; seasoning &c. (condiment) 393; niter, saltpeter, brine (saltiness) 392a; carbonate of ammonia; sal ammoniac[obs3], sal volatile, smelling salts; hartshorn (acridity) 401a.
	dram, cordial, nip.
	nicotine, tobacco, snuff, quid, smoke; segar[obs3]; cigar, cigarette; weed; fragrant weed, Indian weed; Cavendish, fid[obs3], negro head, old soldier, rappee[obs3], stogy[obs3].
	V. be pungent &c. adj.; bite the tongue.
	render -pungent &c. adj.; season, spice, salt, pepper, pickle, brine, devil. smoke, chew, take snuff.
	Adj. pungent, strong; high-, full-flavored; high-tasted, high-seasoned; gamy, sharp, stinging, rough, piquant, racy; biting, mordant; spicy; seasoned &c. v.; hot, hot as pepper; peppery, vellicating[obs3], escharotic[obs3], meracious[obs1]; acrid, acrimonious, bitter; rough &c. (sour) 397; unsavory &c. 395.

	#392a. Saltiness. -- N.  saltiness.
	niter, saltpeter, brine.
	Adj.  salty, salt, saline, brackish, briny; salty as brine, salty as a herring, salty as Lot's wife.
	salty, racy (indecent) 961.
	Phr. take it with a grain of salt.

	#392b. Bitterness -- N. bitterness, acridness[obs3], acridity, acrimony; caustic, alkali; acerbity; gall, wormwood; bitters, astringent bitters.
	[additive for alcoholic beverages] Angostura aromatic bitters.
	sourness &c. 397; pungency &c. 392.
	[bitter substances] alkaloids; turmeric.
	Adj.  bitter, bitterish, acrid, acerb, acerbic.
	Phr. bitter as gall; bitter pill to take; sugar coating on a bitter pill.

<--  393 condiment to food  P2.3.1.3.2 -->
	#394. Savoriness. -- N. savoriness &c. adj.; good taste, deliciousness, delectability.
	relish, zest; appetizer.
	tidbit, titbit[obs3], dainty, delicacy, tasty morsel; appetizer, hors d'ouvres[Fr.]; ambrosia, nectar, bonne-bouche[Fr]; game, turtle, venison; delicatessen.
	{property_of: food, R298, P2.3.1.3.2}}.
	V. be savory &c. adj.; tickle the palate, tickle the appetite; flatter the palate.
	render palatable &c. adj.
	relish, like, smack the lips.
	Adj. savory, delicious, tasty, well-tasted, to one's taste,  good, palatable, nice, dainty, delectable; toothful[obs3], toothsome; gustful[obs3], appetizing, lickerish[obs3], delicate,  exquisite, rich, luscious, ambrosial, scrumptious, delightful.
	Adv. per amusare la bocca
	Phr[It]. cela se laisse manger[Fr].

	#395. Unsavoriness. -- N. unsavoriness &c. adj.; amaritude[obs3]; acrimony, acridity (bitterness) 392b; roughness &c. (sour) 397; acerbity, austerity; gall and wormwood, rue, quassia[obs3], aloes; marah[obs3]; sickener[obs3].
	V. be unpalatable &c. adj.; sicken, disgust, nauseate, pall, turn the stomach.
	Adj. unsavory, unpalatable, unsweetened, unsweet[obs3]; ill-flavored; bitter, bitter as gall; acrid, acrimonious; rough.
	offensive, repulsive, nasty; sickening &c. v.; nauseous; loathsome, fulsome; unpleasant &c. 830.

	#396. Sweetness. -- N. {{has_property(confection, P2.3.1.3.2.2)}} sweetness, dulcitude[obs3].
	V. be sweet &c. adj.
	render sweet &c. adj.; sweeten; edulcorate[obs3]; dulcorate[obs1], dulcify[obs1]; candy; mull. Adj. sweet; saccharine, sacchariferous[obs3]; dulcet, candied, honied[obs3], luscious, lush, nectarious[obs3], melliferous[obs3]; sweetened &c. v.
	sweet as a nut, sweet as sugar, sweet as honey.
	sickly sweet.

	#397. Sourness. -- N. sourness &c. adj.; acid, acidity, low pH; acetous fermentation, lactic fermentation.
	vinegar, verjuice[obs3], crab, alum; acetic acid, lactic acid.
	V. be sour; sour, turn sour &c. adj.; set the teeth on edge.
	render sour &c. adj.; acidify, acidulate, acetify.
	Adj. sour; acid, acidulous, acidulated; tart, crabbed; acetous, acetose[obs3]; acerb, acetic; sour as vinegar, sourish, acescent[obs3], subacid[Chem]; styptic, hard, rough.
	Phr. sour as a lemon.

M6.1.2.5  Odor  R398 to R 401a
<--  	398.	Odor						399.	Inodorousness
          400.  Fragrance 				401. Fetor
		401a 
-->
	#398. Odor. -- N. odor, smell, odorament[obs1], scent, effluvium; emanation, exhalation; fume, essence, trail, nidor[obs1], redolence.
	sense of smell; scent; act of smelling &c. v.; olfaction, olfactories[obs3].
	[pleasant odor] fragrance &c. 400.
	odorant.
	[animal with acute sense of smell] bloodhound, hound.
	[smell detected by a hound] spoor.
	V. have an odor &c. n.; smell, smell of, smell strong of; exhale; give out a smell &c. n.; reek, reek of; scent.
	smell, scent; snuff, snuff up; sniff, nose, inhale.
	Adj. odorous, odoriferous; smelling, reeking, foul-smelling, strong-scented; redolent, graveolent[obs3],  nidorous[obs3], pungent; putrid, foul.
	[Relating to the sense of smell] olfactory, quick-scented.

	#399. Inodorousness.-- N. inodorousness[obs3]; absence of  smell, want of smell.
	deodorant, deodorization, deodorizer.
	V. be inodorous &c. adj[obs3].;  not smell.
	deodorize.
	Adj. inodorous[obs3], onodorate; scentless; without smell, wanting smell &c. 398.
	deodorized, deodorizing.

	#400. Fragrance. -- N. fragrance, aroma, redolence, perfume, bouquet, essence, scent; sweet smell, aromatic perfume.
	agalloch[obs3], agallochium[obs3]; aloes wood; bay rum; calambac[obs3], calambour[obs3]; champak[obs3], horehound[ISA:plant@mint], lign-aloes[obs3], marrubium[obs3], mint, muskrat, napha water[obs3], olibanum[obs3], spirit of myrcia[obs3].
	essential oil.
	incense; musk, frankincense; pastil[obs3], pastille; myrrh, perfumes of Arabia[obs3]; otto[obs3], ottar[obs3], attar; bergamot, balm, civet, potpourri, pulvil[obs1]; nosegay; scentbag[obs3]; sachet, smelling bottle, vinaigrette; eau de Cologne[Fr], toilet water, lotion, after-shave lotion; thurification[obs3].
	perfumer.
	[fragrant wood oils] eucalyptus oil, pinene.
	V. be fragrant &c. adj.; have a perfume &c. n.; smell sweet.
	[render fragrant] scent, perfume, embalm.
	Adj. fragrant, aromatic, redolent, spicy, savory, balmy, scented, sweet-smelling, sweet-scented; perfumed, perfumatory[obs3]; thuriferous; fragrant as a rose, muscadine[obs3], ambrosial.

	#401. Fetor. -- N. fetor[obs3]; bad &c. adj. smell, bad odor; stench, stink; foul odor, malodor; empyreuma[obs3]; mustiness &c. adj.; rancidity; foulness &c. (uncleanness) 653.
	stoat, polecat, skunk; assafoetida[obs3]; fungus, garlic; stinkpot; fitchet[obs3], fitchew[obs3], fourmart[obs3], peccary.
	acridity &c. 401a.
	V. have a bad smell &c. n.; smell; stink, stink in the nostrils, stink like a polecat; smell strong &c. adj., smell offensively.
	Adj. fetid; strong-smelling; high, bad, strong, fulsome, offensive, noisome, rank, rancid, reasty[obs3], tainted, musty, fusty, frouzy[obs3]; olid[obs3], olidous[obs1]; nidorous[obs3]; smelling, stinking; putrid &c. 653; suffocating, mephitic; empyreumatic[obs3].

	#401a.  Acridity -- N.  acridity, astringency, bite.
	[acrid substances] tear gas; smoke, acrid fumes.
	Adj.  acrid, biting, astringent, sharp, harsh; bitter &c. 392b.

M6.1.2.6  Sound...
M6.1.2.6.1   Sound in General  R402 to R405 (partly dup in physics)
		<-- large parts of 402-405. sound are in physics -->
<--   	402.	Sound	 				403. Silence
		404.	Loudness	 				405. Faintness
   duplications with physics need elimination  11-23-91-->
	#402. Sound. -- N. sound, noise, strain; accent, twang, intonation, tone; cadence; sonorousness &c. adj.; audibility; resonance &c. 408; voice &c. 580; aspirate; ideophone[obs3]; rough breathing.
	[Science, of sound] acoustics; phonics, phonetics, phonology, phonography[obs3]; diacoustics[obs3], diaphonics[obs3]; phonetism[obs3].
	V. produce sound; sound, make a noise; give out sound, emit sound; resound &c. 408.
	Adj. sounding; soniferous[obs3]; sonorous, sonorific[obs3]; resonant, audible, distinct; stertorous; phonetic; phonic, phonocamptic[obs3].
	Phr.  "a thousand trills and quivering sounds " [Addison]; forensis strepitus[Lat].

	#403. Silence. -- N. silence; stillness &c. (quiet) 265; peace, hush, lull; muteness &c. 581; solemn silence, awful silence, dead silence, deathlike silence.
	V. be silent &c. adj.; hold one's tongue &c. (not speak) 585.
	render silent &c. adj.; silence, still, hush; stifle, muffle, stop; muzzle, put to silence &c. (render mute) 581.
	Adj. silent; still, stilly; noiseless, soundless; hushed &c. v.; mute &c. 581.
	soft, solemn, awful, deathlike, silent as the grave; inaudible &c. (faint) 405.
	Adv. silently &c. adj.; sub silentio[Lat].
	Int. hush! silence! soft! whist! tush! chut[obs3]! tut! pax[Lat]! be quiet! be silent! be still! shut up![rude]; chup[obs3]! chup rao[obs3]! tace[It]!
	Phr. one might hear a feather drop, one might hear a pin drop, so quiet you could hear a pin drop; grosse Seelen dulden still [German]; le silence est la vertu de ceux qui ne sont pas sages [French]; le silence est le parti le plus sar de celui se defie de soi-meme[French];  "silence more musical than any song " [C. G. Rossetti]; tacent satis laudant[Latin]; better to be silent and thought a fool than to speak up and remove all doubt.

	#404. Loudness.-- N. loudness, power; loud noise, din; blare; clang, clangor; clatter, noise, bombilation[obs3], roar, uproar, racket, hubbub, bobbery[obs3], fracas, charivari[obs3], trumpet blast, flourish of trumpets, fanfare, tintamarre[obs3], peal, swell, blast, larum[obs3], boom; bang (explosion) 406; resonance &c. 408.
	vociferation, hullabaloo, &c. 411; lungs; Stentor.
artillery, cannon; thunder.
	V. be loud &c. adj.; peal, swell, clang, boom, thunder, blare, fulminate, roar; resound &c. 408. speak up, shout &c. (vociferate) 411; bellow &c. (cry as an animal) 412.
	rend the air, rend the skies; fill the air; din in the ear, ring in the ear, thunder in the ear; pierce the ears, split the ears, rend the ears, split the head; deafen, stun; faire le diable a quatre[Fr]; make one's windows shake, rattle the windows; awaken the echoes, startle the echoes; wake the dead.
	Adj. loud, sonorous; high-sounding, big-sounding; deep, full, powerful, noisy, blatant, clangorous, multisonous[obs3]; thundering, deafening &c. v; trumpet-tongued; ear-splitting, ear-rending, ear-deafening; piercing; obstreperous, rackety, uproarious; enough to wake the dead, enough to wake seven sleepers.
	shrill &c. 410 clamorous &c. (vociferous) 411   stentorian, stentorophonic[obs1].
	Adv. loudly &c. adj.   aloud; at the top of one's voice, at the top of one's  lungs, lustily, in full cry.
	Phr. the air rings with; "the deep dread-bolted thunder" [Lear].

	#405. Faintness. -- N. faintness &c. adj.; faint sound, whisper, breath; undertone, underbreath[obs3]; murmur, hum, susurration; tinkle; " still small voice."
	hoarseness &c. adj.; raucity[obs3].
	V. whisper, breathe, murmur, purl, hum, gurgle, ripple, babble, flow; tinkle; mutter &c. (speak imperfectly) 583; susurrate[obs3].
	steal on the ear; melt in the air, float on the air.
	Adj. inaudible; scarcely audible, just audible; low, dull; stifled, muffled; hoarse, husky; gentle, soft, faint; floating; purling, flowing &c. v.; whispered &c. v.; liquid; soothing; dulcet &c. (melodious) 413; susurrant[obs3], susurrous[obs3].
	Adv. in a whisper, with bated breath, sotto voce[Lat], between the teeth, aside; piano, pianissimo; d la sourdine[obs3]; out of earshot inaudibly &c. adj.

M6.1.2.6.2   Specific Sounds  R406 to R412
<--   	406.	Snap	             			407. Roll
		408.	Resonance	        			4O8a. Nonresonance
					 				409. Sibilation
		410.	Stridor
		411.	Cry	       				412. Ululation   -->

	#406. [Sudden and violent sounds.] Snap. -- N. snap &c. v.; rapping &c. v.; decrepitation, crepitation; report, thud; burst, explosion, blast, boom, discharge, detonation, firing, salvo, volley.
	squib, cracker, firecracker, cherry bomb, M80, gun, cap, cap gun, popgun.
	implosion.
	bomb burst, atomic explosion, nuclear explosion (arms) 727.
	[explosive substances] gunpowder, dynamite, gun cotton, nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, plastic explosive, plastique, TNT, cordite, trinitrotoluene, picric acid, picrates, mercury fulminate (arms) 727.
	whack, wham, pow.
	V. rap, snap, tap, knock, ping; click; clash; crack, crackle; crash; pop; slam, bang, blast, boom, clap, clang, clack, whack, wham; brustle[obs3]; burst on the ear; crepitate, rump.
	blow up, blow; detonate.
	Adj. rapping &c. v.
	Int. kaboom! whamo! Heewhack! pow!

	#407. [Repeated and protracted sounds.] Roll. -- N. roll &c. v.; drumming &c. v.; berloque[obs3], bombination[obs3], rumbling; tattoo, drumroll; dingdong; tantara[obs3]; rataplan[obs3]; whirr; ratatat, ratatat-tat; rubadub; pitapat; quaver, clutter, charivari[obs3], racket; cuckoo; repetition &c. 104; peal of bells, devil's tattoo; reverberation &c. 408.
	[sound of railroad train rolling on rails] clickety-clack.
	hum, purr.
	[animals that hum] hummingbird.
	[animals that purr] cat, kitten (animal sounds) 412.
	V. roll, drum, rumble, rattle, clatter, patter, clack; bombinate[obs3].
	hum, trill, shake; chime, peal, toll; tick, beat.
	drum in the ear, din in the ear.
	Adj. rolling &c. v.; monotonous &c. (repeated) 104; like a bee in a bottle.

<-- resonance here covers 3 sound qualities; echo, low note, and ringing. They should be separated.  The physical science meanings must also be listed separately -->

	#408. Resonance. -- N. resonance; ring &c. v.; ringing, tintinabulation  &c. v.; reflexion[Brit], reflection, reverberation; echo, reecho; zap, zot[coll.]; buzz (hiss) 409.
	low note, base note, bass note, flat note, grave note, deep note; bass; basso, basso profondo[It]; baritone, barytone[obs3]; contralto.
	[device to cause resonance] echo chamber, resonator.
	[Med] tinnitus[ringing in the ears].
	[devices which make a resonating sound] bell, doorbell, buzzer; gong, cymbals (musical instruments) 417.
	[physical resonance] sympathetic vibrations; natural frequency, coupled vibration frequency; overtone; resonating cavity; sounding board, tuning fork.
	[electrical resonance] tuning, squelch, frequency selection; resonator, resonator circuit; radio &c. @2.3.1.6.8.
	[chemical resonance] resonant structure, aromaticity,  alternating double bonds, non-bonded resonance; pi clouds, unsaturation, double bond (valence) @2.3.2.2.
	V. resound, reverberate, reecho, resonate; ring, jingle, gingle[obs3], chink, clink; tink[obs3], tinkle; chime; gurgle &c. 405 plash, goggle, echo, ring in the ear.
	Adj. resounding &c. v.; resonant, reverberant, tinnient[obs1], tintinnabulary; sonorous, booming, deep-toned, deep-sounding, deep-mouthed, vibrant; hollow, sepulchral; gruff &c. (harsh) 410.
	Phr. " sweet bells jangled, out of time and harsh " [Hamlet]; echoing down the mountain and through the dell. 

	#408a. Nonresonance[obs3]. -- N. thud, thump, dead sound; nonresonance[obs3]; muffled drums, cracked bell; damper; silencer.
	V. sound dead; stop the sound, damp the sound, deaden the sound, deaden the reverberations, dampen the reverberations.
	Adj. nonresonant[obs3], dead; dampened, muffled.

<-- "sibilation" includes hissing and buzzing  -->
	#409. [Hissing sounds.] Sibilation. -- N. sibilance, sibilation; zip; hiss &c. v.; sternutation; high note &c. 410.
	[animals that hiss] goose, serpent, snake (animal sounds) 412.
	[animals that buzz] insect, bug; bee, mosquito, wasp, fly.
	[inanimate things that hiss] tea kettle, pressure cooker; air valve, pressure release valve, safety valve, tires, air escaping from tires, punctured tire; escaping steam, steam, steam radiator, steam release valve.
	V. hiss, buzz, whiz, rustle; fizz, fizzle; wheeze, whistle, snuffle; squash; sneeze; sizzle, swish.
	Adj. sibilant; hissing &c. v.; wheezy; sternutative[obs3].

	#410. [Harsh sounds.] Stridor. -- N. creak &c. v.; creaking &c. v.; discord, &c. 414; stridor; roughness, sharpness, &c. adj.; cacophony; cacoepy[obs3].
	acute note, high note; soprano, treble, tenor, alto, falsetto, penny trumpet, voce di testa[It].
	V. creak, grate, jar, burr, pipe, twang, jangle, clanor talking beyond  hearing distance]  telephone[exlist], phone, telephone booth, intercom, house phone, radiotelephone, radiophone, wireless, wireless telephone, mobile telephone, car radio, police radio, two-way radio, walkie-talkie[military], handie-talkie, citizen's band, CB, amateur radio, ham radio, short-wave radio, police band, ship-to-shore radio, airplane radio, control tower communication.
	[ref: (communication) 525, 527, 529, 531, 532; electronic devices (POINFO   P2.3.1.3.14  Information technology ).].
	[devices for recording and reproducing recorded sound] phonograph,  gramophone, megaphone, phonorganon[obs3].
	[device to convert sound to electrical signals] microphone,directional microphone, mike, hand mike, cordless microphone, lapel microphone.
	[devices to convert recorded sound to electronic signals] phonograph needle, stylus, diamond stylus, pickup; reading head (electronic devices).
	hearer, auditor, listener, eavesdropper, listener-in.
	auditory, audience.
	[science of hearing] otology, otorhinolaryngology.
	[ref: (physicians specializing in hearing) otologist, otorhinolaryngologist.].
	V. h one's breath, thunder at the pitch of one's breath; s'egosiller; strain the throat, strain the voice, strain the lungs; give a cry &c.
	Adj. crying &c. v.; clamant[obs3], clamorous; vociferous; stentorian &c. (loud) 404; open-mouthed.

	#412. [Animal  sounds.] Ululation. -- N. cry &c. v.; crying &c. v.; bow-wow, ululation, latration[obs3], belling; reboation[obs3]; wood-note; insect cry, fritiniancy[obs1], drone; screech owl; cuckoo.
	wailing (lamentation) 839.
	V. cry, roar, bellow, blare, rebellow[obs3]; growl, snarl.
	[specific animal sounds] bark [dog, seal]; bow-wow, yelp [dog]; bay, bay at the moon [dog, wolf]; yap, yip, yipe, growl, yarr[obs1], yawl, snarl, howl [dog, wolf]; grunt, gruntle[obs3]; snort [pig, hog, swine, horse]; , squeak [swine, mouse]; neigh, whinny [horse]; bray [donkey, mule, hinny, ass]; mew, mewl [kitten]; meow [cat]; purr [cat]; caterwaul, pule [cats]; baa[obs3], bleat [lamb]; low, moo [cow, cattle]; troat[obs3], croak, peep [frog]; coo [dove, pigeon]; gobble [turkeys]; quack [duck]; honk, gaggle, guggle [obs3][goose]; crow, caw, squawk, screech, [crow];  cackle, cluck, clack [hen, rooster, poultry]; chuck, chuckle; hoot, hoo [owl]; chirp, cheep, chirrup, twitter, cuckoo, warble, trill, tweet, pipe, whistle [small birds]; hum [insects, hummingbird]; buzz [flying insects, bugs]; hiss [snakes, geese]; blatter[obs3]; ratatat [woodpecker].
	Adj. crying &c. v.; blatant, latrant[obs3], remugient[obs3], mugient[obs3]; deep-mouthed, full-mouthed; rebellowing[obs3], reboant[obs3].
	Adv. in full cry.

M6.1.2.6.3    MUSICAL SOUNDS  R413 to R415
  <-- r416 musician to HROLE  -->
	#413. Melody. Concord. -- N. melody.
	rhythm; measure, time, mucial time; rhyme &c.(poetry) 597.
	pitch, timbre, intonation, tone.
	scale, gamut; diapason; diatonic chromatic scale[obs3], enharmonic scale[obs3]; key, clef, chords.
	modulation, temperament, syncope, syncopation, preparation, suspension, resolution.
	{{has_part(score)}} staff, stave.
	{{has_part(staff)}}  line, space, brace.
	{{has_part(score)}} note, musical note, notes of a scale; sharp, flat, natural; bar, rest; appoggiato[obs3], appoggiatura[obs3]; acciaccatura[obs3]; interval.
	high note &c.(shrillness) 410; low note &c. 408; semitone; second, third, fourth &c.; diatessaron[obs3].
	{{has_part(staff)}} line; space.
	quaver.
	{{has_subtype(note)}} A; B; C; D; E; F; G.
	{{has_subtype(clef)}} G-clef; F-clef.
	{{has_subtype(note)}} full note; half note; quarter note, quaver; semiquaver, demisemiquaver, hemidemisemiquaver; sustained note, drone, burden; breve, semibreve[Mus], minim, crotchet.
	tonic; key note, leading note, fundamental note; supertonic[obs3], mediant[obs3], dominant; submediant[obs3], subdominant[obs3].
	octave, tetrachord[obs3].
	major key, minor key, major scale, minor scale, major mode, minor mode; passage, phrase.
	harmony, concord; emmeleia[obs3]; unison, unisonance[obs3]; chime, homophony; euphony, euphonism[obs3]; tonality; consonance; consent; part.
	[Science of harmony] harmony, harmonics; thorough-bass, fundamental-bass; counterpoint; faburden[obs3].
	piece of music &c. 415.
	{{created_by: @P2.3.2.3.2.5.8, @R416, musician; composer, harmonist[obs3], contrapuntist}}.
	V. be harmonious &c. adj.; harmonize, chime, symphonize[obs3], transpose; put in tune, tune, accord, string.
	Adj. harmonious, harmonical[obs3]; in concord &c. n., in tune, in concert; unisonant[obs3], concentual[obs3], symphonizing[obs3], isotonic, homophonous[obs3], assonant; ariose[obs3], consonant.
	measured, rhythmical, diatonic[obs3], chromatic, enharmonic[obs3].
	melodious, musical; melic[obs3]; tuneful, tunable; sweet, dulcet, canorous[obs3]; mellow, mellifluous; soft, clear, clear as a bell; silvery; euphonious, euphonic, euphonical[obs3]; symphonious; enchanting &c. (pleasure-giving) 829; fine-toned, full-toned, silver-toned.
	Adv. harmoniously, in harmony; as one &c. adj.
	Phr. " the hidden soul of harmony " [Milton].

	#414. Discord. -- N. discord , discordance; dissonance, cacophony, want of harmony, caterwauling; harshness &c. 410.
	 Babel[Confused sounds]; Dutch concert, cat's concert; marrowbones and cleavers.
	V. be discordant &c. adj.; jar &c. (sound harshly) 410.
	Adj. discordant; dissonant, absonant[obs3]; out of tune, tuneless; unmusical, untunable[obs3]; unmelodious, immelodious[obs3]; unharmonious[obs3], inharmonious; singsong; cacophonous; harsh &c. 410; jarring.

<-- [[music]]  --.
	#415. Music. -- N. music, tune.
	strain, air.
	{{result_of}} singing; playing music.
	{{has_conceptual_part: @R413, melody, harmony; rhythm}}.
	piece of music, piece, musical composition, work, number, opus, composition.
	{{has_subtype(piece of music)}} solo; duet, duo; trio; quartet, quartett[obs3]; quintet; septet, septett[obs3]; octet; orchestral piece; band music.
	{{has_subtype(piece of music)}} etude; sonata; rondo, rondeau[Fr]; pastorale, cavatina[obs3], roulade[obs3], fantasia; variations; cadenza; cadence; toccata; fugue; canon; serenade; nocturne,  notturno [Italian], prelude; dithyramb; tone poem, symphonic poem.
	{{has_subtype(orchestral piece)}} symphony; concerto; overture.
	{{has_subtype(sonata)}} piano sonata; violin sonata.
	{{has_subtype(concerto)}} piano concerto; violin concerto.
	martial music, march; dance music; waltz &c. (dance) 840.
	{{needed_for(bagpipe)}} highland air, pibroch[obs3].
	{{&has_part(piece of music)}} accompaniment, second, bass; bourdon[obs3], drone, morceau[obs3], terzetto[obs3].
	{{has_representation)}} {{has_subtype(document)}} score; sheet music.
	{{has_subtype(vocal music)}} opera, operetta; oratorio; stave; passamezzo [obs3][Italian], toccata, Vorspiel [German].
	{{has_part(opera)}} aria, arietta[obs3]; recitative.
	{{has_subtype(music)}}  quodlibet.
	{{has_part(symphony/concerto/sonata)}} movement.
	concert.
	instrumental music; full score; concerted piece, potpourri, capriccio.
	vocal music, vocalism[obs3], vocal piece.
	{{uses(instrumental music/accompaniment): musical instrument, P2.3.1.3.13.1.1}}.
	Lydian measures; slow music, slow movement; adagio &c. adv.; minuet; siren  strains, soft music, lullaby; dump.
	{{has_subtype(vocal music)}} chaunt, chant; psalm, psalmody; hymn; song, lied[Ger.], lieder[Ger.]; canticle, canzonet[obs3], cantata, bravura.
	{{has_part(song): poem, R597}}.
	{{has_subtype(song)}} lay, ballad; ditty; carol; folk song pastoral; recitativo[obs3], solfeggio[obs3]; part song; descant; glee; madrigal; catch, round, chorus, chorale; antiphon[obs3], antiphony.
	{{has_subtype(lament, R839)}} dirge &c.
	{{created_by: composer &c. 413}}.
	{{performed_by: musician &c. 416}}.
	{{performed_by: minstrelsy, band, orchestra}}.
	V. compose, perform &c. 416; attune.
	Adj. musical.
	instrumental; vocal, choral, lyric, operatic; harmonious &c. 413.
	Wagnerian.
	Adv. adagio; largo, larghetto, andante, andantino[obs3]; alla capella[It][obs3]; maestoso[obs3], moderato; allegro, allegretto; spiritoso[obs3], vivace[obs3], veloce[obs3]; presto, prestissimo[obs3]; con brio; capriccioso[obs3]; scherzo, scherzando[obs3]; legato, staccato, crescendo, diminuendo, rallentando[obs3], affettuoso[obs3]; obbligato; pizzicato; desto[obs3].
	Phr. " in notes by distance made more sweet " [Collins]; " like the faint exquisite music of a dream " [Moore]; " music arose with its voluptuous swell " [Byron]; " music is the universal language of mankind " [Longfellow]; " music's golden tongue " [Keats]; " the speech of angels " [Carlyle]; " will sing the savageness out of a bear " [Othello]; "music hath charms to soothe the savage beast".

<-- 416 Musician to Person  -->
<-- 417 musical instruments to physobj  -->

M6.1.2.6.4    PERCEPTION OF SOUND  R418, R419
	<--   418.  Hearing          419. Deafness  -->

	#418. [Sense of sound.] Hearing. -- N. hearing &c. v.; audition, auscultation; eavesdropping; audibility.
	acute ear, nice ear, delicate ear, quick ear, sharp ear, correct ear,  musical ear; ear for music.
	ear, auricle, lug, acoustic organs, auditory apparatus; eardrum, tympanum, tympanic membrane.
	[devices to aid human hearing by amplifying sound] ear trumpet, speaking trumpet, hearing aid, stethoscope.
	[distance within which direct hearing is possible] earshot, hearing distance, hearing, hearing range, sound, carrying distance.
	[devices for talking beyond  hearing distance]  telephone[exlist], phone, telephone booth, intercom, house phone, radiotelephone, radiophone, wireless, wireless telephone, mobile telephone, car radio, police radio, two-way radio, walkie-talkie[military], handie-talkie, citizen's band, CB, amateur radio, ham radio, short-wave radio, police band, ship-to-shore radio, airplane radio, control tower communication.
	[ref: (communication) 525, 527, 529, 531, 532; electronic devices (POINFO   P2.3.1.3.14  Information technology ).].
	[devices for recording and reproducing recorded sound] phonograph,  gramophone, megaphone, phonorganon[obs3].
	[device to convert sound to electrical signals] microphone,directional microphone, mike, hand mike, cordless microphone, lapel microphone.
	[devices to convert recorded sound to electronic signals] phonograph needle, stylus, diamond stylus, pickup; reading head (electronic devices).
	hearer, auditor, listener, eavesdropper, listener-in.
	auditory, audience.
	[science of hearing] otology, otorhinolaryngology.
	[ref: (physicians specializing in hearing) otologist, otorhinolaryngologist.].
	V. hear, overhear; hark, harken; list, listen, pay attention, take heed; give an ear, lend an ear, bend an ear; catch, catch a sound, prick up one's ears; give ear, give a hearing, give  audience to.
	hang upon the lips of, be all ears, listen with both ears.
	become audible; meet  the ear, fall upon  the ear, catch the ear, reach the ear; be heard; ring in the ear &c. (resound) 4O8.
	Adj. hearing &c. v.; auditory, auricular, acoustic; phonic.
	Adv. arrectis auribus[Lat].
	Int.  hark, hark ye! hear! list, listen! O yes! Oyez!
	listen up [coll.]; listen here! hear ye! attention! achtung [German].

	#419. Deafness. -- N. deafness, hardness of hearing, surdity[obs1]; inaudibility, inaudibleness[obs3].
	V. be deaf &c. adj.; have no ear; shut one's ears, stop one's ears, close one's ears; turn a deaf ear to.
	render deaf, stun, deafen.
	Adj. deaf, earless[obs3], surd; hard of hearing, dull of hearing; deaf-mute, stunned, deafened; stone deaf; deaf as a post, deaf as  an adder, deaf as a beetle, deaf as a trunkmaker[obs3].
	inaudible, out of hearing.
	Phr.  hear no evil.

M6.1.2.7   Light..
M6.1.2.7.1   Light in General 
<-- 420 to 427 mostly to physics - light -->
		420.	Light	       			421. Darkness
				422. Dimness
		423.	Luminary					424. Shade
		425. Transparency 				426. Opacity 
				427. Semitransparency

M6.1.2.7.2   Specific Light, Color  R428 to R440
<--
		428.	Color					429.	Achromatism
		430.	Whiteness					431.	Blackness
		432.	Gray						433.	Brown
		434. Redness					435.	Greenness
		436.	Yellowness				437.	Purple
		438.	Blueness					439.	Orange
		440.	Variegation
-->
	#428. Color. -- N. color, hue, tint, tinge, dye, complexion, shade, tincture, cast, livery, coloration, glow, flush; tone, key.
	pure color, positive color, primary color, primitive complementary color; three primaries; spectrum, chromatic dispersion; broken color, secondary color, tertiary color. local color, coloring, keeping, tone, value, aerial perspective.
	[Science of color] chromatics, spectrum analysis, spectroscopy; chromatism[obs3], chromatography[obs2], chromatology[obs3].
	[instruments to measure color] prism, spectroscope, spectrograph, spectrometer, colorimeter (optical instruments) 445.
	pigment, coloring matter, paint, dye, wash, distemper, stain; medium; mordant; oil paint &c. painting  556.
	V. color, dye, tinge, stain, tint, tinct[obs3], paint, wash, ingrain, grain, illuminate, emblazon, bedizen, imbue; paint &c. (fine art) 556.
	Adj. colored &c. v.; colorific[obs3], tingent[obs3], tinctorial[obs3]; chromatic, prismatic; full-colored, high-colored, deep-colored; doubly-dyed; polychromatic;  chromatogenous[obs3]; tingible[obs3].
	bright, vivid, intense, deep; fresh, unfaded[obs3]; rich, gorgeous; gay.
	gaudy, florid; gay, garish; rainbow-colored, multihued; showy, flaunting, flashy; raw, crude; glaring, flaring; discordant, inharmonious.
	mellow, pastel, harmonious, pearly, sweet, delicate, tender, refined.

	#429. [Absence of color.] Achromatism. -- N. achromatism[obs3]; decoloration[obs3], discoloration; pallor, pallidness, pallidity[obs3]; paleness &c. adj.; etiolation; neutral tint, monochrome, black and white.
	V. lose color &c. 428;  fade, fly, go; become colorless &c. adj.; turn pale, pale.
	deprive of color, decolorize, bleach, tarnish, achromatize, blanch, etiolate, wash out, tone down.
	Adj. uncolored &c. (see color &c. 428); colorless, achromatic, aplanatic[obs3]; etiolate, etiolated; hueless[obs3], pale, pallid; palefaced[obs3], tallow-faced; faint, dull, cold, muddy, leaden, dun, wan, sallow, dead, dingy, ashy, ashen, ghastly, cadaverous, glassy, lackluster; discolored &c. v.
	light-colored, fair, blond; white &c. 430.
	pale as death, pale as ashes, pale as a witch, pale as a ghost, pale as a corpse, white as a corpse.

	#430. Whiteness. -- N. whiteness &c. adj.; argent.
albification[obs3], etiolation; lactescence[obs3].
	snow, paper, chalk, milk, lily, ivory, alabaster; albata[obs3], eburin[obs3], German silver, white metal, barium sulphate[Chem], titanium oxide, blanc fixe[Fr], ceruse[obs3], pearl white; white lead, carbonate of lead.
	V. be white &c. adj.
	render white &c. adj.; whiten, bleach, blanch, etiolate, whitewash, silver.
	Adj. white; milk-white, snow-white; snowy; niveous[obs3], candid, chalky; hoar, hoary; silvery; argent, argentine; canescent[obs3], cretaceous, lactescent[obs3].
	whitish, creamy, pearly,  fair, blond; blanched &c. v.; high in tone, light. 
	white as a sheet, white as driven snow, white as a lily, white as silver; like ivory &c. n.

	#431. Blackness. -- N. blackness &c. adj.; darkness &c. (want of light). 421; swartliness[obs3], lividity, dark color, tone, color; chiaroscuro &c. 420.
	nigrification[obs3], infuscation[obs3].
	jet, ink, ebony, coal pitch, soot, charcoal, sloe, smut, raven, crow.
	[derogatory terms for black-skinned people] negro, blackamoor, man of color, nigger, darkie, Ethiop, black; buck, nigger [U. S.]; coon  [U. S.], sambo.
	[Pigments] lampblack, ivory black, blue-black; writing ink, printing ink, printer's ink, Indian ink, India ink.
	V. be black &c. adj.; render -black &c. adj.
	blacken, infuscate[obs3], denigrate; blot, blotch; smutch[obs3];
smirch; darken &c. 421.
	black, sable, swarthy, somber, dark, inky, ebony, ebon, atramentous[obs3], jetty; coal-black, jet-black; fuliginous[obs3], pitchy, sooty, swart, dusky, dingy, murky, Ethiopic; low-toned, low in tone; of the deepest dye.
	black as jet &c. n., black as my hat, black as a shoe, black as a tinker's pot, black as November, black as thunder, black as midnight; nocturnal &c. (dark) 421; nigrescent[obs3]; gray &c. 432; obscure &c. 421.
	Adv. in mourning.

	#432. Gray. -- N. gray &c. adj.; neutral tint, silver, pepper and salt, chiaroscuro, grisaille[Fr].
	[Pigments] Payne's gray; black &c. 431.
	Adj. gray, grey; iron-gray, dun, drab, dingy, leaden, livid, somber, sad, pearly, russet, roan; calcareous, limy, favillous[obs3]; silver, silvery, silvered; ashen, ashy; cinereous[obs3], cineritious[obs3]; grizzly, grizzled; slate-colored, stone-colored, mouse-colored, ash-colored; cool.

	#433. Brown. -- N. brown &c. adj.  bister[obs3][Pigments], ocher, sepia, Vandyke brown.
	V. render brown &c. adj.; tan, embrown[obs3], bronze.
	Adj. brown, bay, dapple, auburn, castaneous[obs3], chestnut, nut-brown, cinnamon, russet, tawny, fuscous[obs3], chocolate, maroon, foxy, tan, brunette, whitey brown[obs3]; fawn-colored,  snuff-colored, liver-colored; brown as a berry, brown as mahogany, brown as the oak leaves; khaki.
	sun-burnt; tanned &c. v.

	#434. Redness. -- N. red, scarlet, vermilion, carmine, crimson, pink, lake, maroon, carnation, couleur de rose[Fr], rose du Barry[obs3]; magenta, damask, purple; flesh color, flesh tint; color; fresh color, high color; warmth; gules[Heraldry].
	ruby, carbuncle; rose; rust, iron mold.
	[Dyes and pigments] cinnabar, cochineal; fuchsine[obs3]; ruddle[obs3], madder; Indian red,  light red, Venetian red; red ink, annotto[obs3]; annatto[obs3], realgar[ISA:mineral], minium[obs3], red lead.
	redness &c. adj.; rubescence[obs3], rubicundity, rubification[obs3]; erubescence[obs3], blush.
	V. be red, become red &c.adj.; blush, flush, color up, mantle, redden.
	render red &c. adj.; redden, rouge; rubify[obs3], rubricate; incarnadine.; ruddle[obs3].
	Adj. red &c. n., reddish; rufous, ruddy, florid, incarnadine, sanguine; rosy, roseate;  blowzy, blowed[obs3]; burnt; rubicund, rubiform[obs3]; lurid, stammell blood red[obs3];  russet buff, murrey[obs3], carroty[obs3], sorrel, lateritious[obs3]; rubineous[obs3], rubricate, rubricose[obs3], rufulous[obs3].
	rose-colored, ruby-colored, cherry-colored, claret-colored, flame-colored, flesh-colored, peach-colored, salmon-colored, brick-colored, brick-colored, dust-colored.
	blushing &c. v.; erubescent[obs3]; reddened &c. v.
	red as fire, red as blood, red as scarlet, red as a turkey cock, red as a lobster; warm, hot; foxy.

	#435. Greenness. -- N. green &c. adj.; blue and yellow; vert [heraldry].
	emerald, verd antique[Fr], verdigris, malachite, beryl, aquamarine; absinthe, crême de menthe[Fr].
	[Pigments] terre verte[Fr], verditer[obs3], verdine[obs3], copperas.
	greenness, verdure; viridity[obs3], viridescence[obs3]; verditure[obs3].
	[disease of eyes with green tint] glaucoma, [Jap: rokunaisho].
	Adj. green, verdant; glaucous, olive, olive green; green as grass; verdurous.
	emerald green, pea green, grass green, apple green, sea green, olive green, bottle green, coke bottle green.
	greenish; virent[obs3], virescent[obs3].
	green  (learner) 541[new, inexperienced, novice], (unskillful) 699.
	green [ill, sick].
	Phr. green with envy; the green grass of Ireland; the wearing of the green.

<-- Footnote 1 p.  122 
	The author's classification of colors has been retained, though it does not entirely accord with the theories of modern science.
-->

	#436. Yellowness. -- N. yellow &c. adj.; or.
	[Pigments] gamboge; cadmium-yellow, chrome-yellow, Indian-yellow king's-yellow, lemon-yellow; orpiment[obs3], yellow ocher, Claude tint, aureolin[obs3]; xanthein[Chemsub], xanthin[obs3]; zaofulvin[obs3].
	crocus, saffron, topaz; xanthite[obs3]; yolk.
	jaundice; London fog[obs2]; yellowness &c. adj.; icterus[obs3]; xantho-cyanopia[obs3], xanthopsia[Med].
	Adj. yellow, aureate, golden, flavous[obs1], citrine, fallow; fulvous[obs3], fulvid[obs3]; sallow, luteous[obs3], tawny, creamy, sandy; xanthic[obs3], xanthous[obs3]; jaundiced- auricomous[obs3].
	gold-colored, citron-colored, saffron-colored, lemon-colored, lemon yellow, sulphur-colored, amber-colored, straw-colored, primrose-colored, cream-colored; xanthocarpous[obs3], xanthochroid[obs3], xanthopous[obs3].
	yellow as a quince, yellow as a guinea, yellow as a crow's foot.
	warm, advancing.

	#437. Purple. -- N. purple &c. adj.; blue and red, bishop's purple; aniline dyes, gridelin[obs3], amethyst; purpure[Heraldry]; heliotrope.
	lividness, lividity.
	V. empurple[obs3].
	Adj. purple, violet, ultraviolet; plum-colored, lavender, lilac, puce, mauve; livid.

	#438. Blueness. -- N. blue &c. adj.; garter-blue; watchet[obs1].
	[Pigments] ultramarine, smalt, cobalt, cyanogen[Chemsub]; Prussian blue, syenite blue[obs3]; bice[obs3], indigo; zaffer[obs3].
	lapis lazuli, sapphire, turquoise; indicolite[obs3].
	blueness, bluishness; bloom.
	Adj. blue, azure, cerulean; sky-blue,  sky-colored, sky-dyed; cerulescent[obs3]; powder blue, bluish; atmospheric, retiring; cold.

	#439. Orange. -- N. orange, red and yellow; gold; or; flame &c. color, adj.
	[Pigments] ocher, Mars'orange[obs3], cadmium.
	cardinal bird, cardinal flower, cardinal grosbeak, cardinal lobelia[ISA:plant@flowering].
	V. gild, warm.
	Adj. orange; ochreous[obs3]; orange-colored, gold-colored,
flame-colored, copper-colored, brass-colored, apricot-colored; warm, hot, glowing.

	#440. Variegation. -- N. variegation; colors, dichroism, trichroism; iridescence, play of colors,  polychrome, maculation, spottiness, striae.
	spectrum, rainbow, iris, tulip, peacock, chameleon, butterfly, tortoise shell; mackerel, mackerel sky; zebra, leopard, cheetah, nacre, ocelot, ophite[obs3], mother-of-pearl, opal, marble.
	check, plaid, tartan, patchwork; marquetry-, parquetry; mosaic, tesserae[obs3], strigae[obs3]; chessboard, checkers, chequers; harlequin; Joseph's coat; tricolor.
	V. be variegated &c. adj.; variegate, stripe, streak, checker, chequer; bespeckle[obs3], speckle; besprinkle, sprinkle; stipple, maculate, dot, bespot[obs3]; tattoo, inlay, damascene; embroider, braid, quilt.
	Adj. variegated &c. v.; many-colored, many-hued; divers-colored, party-colored; dichromatic, polychromatic; bicolor[obs3], tricolor, versicolor[obs3]; of all the colors of the rainbow, of all manner of colors; kaleidoscopic.
	iridescent; opaline[obs3], opalescent; prismatic, nacreous, pearly, shot, gorge de pigeon, chatoyant[obs3]; irisated[obs3], pavonine[obs3].
	pied, piebald; motley; mottled, marbled; pepper and salt, paned, dappled, clouded, cymophanous[obs3].
	mosaic, tesselated, plaid; tortoise shell &c. n.
	spotted, spotty; punctated[obs3], powdered; speckled &c. v.; freckled, flea-bitten, studded; flecked, fleckered[obs3]; striated, barred, veined; brinded[obs3], brindled; tabby; watered; grizzled; listed; embroidered &c. v.; daedal[obs3]; naevose[obs3], stipiform[obs3]; strigose[obs3], striolate[obs3].

<-- Note!! 441 to 443 are duplicated at properties of living things!!
  Where to put them??  -->
M6.1.2.7.3   Perceptions of Light  R441 to R449 (exc. 444, 445)
<--- parts of vision 441, blindness 442, and 443 dim-sightedness to
	biology  -->
		441. Vision         			442. Blindness
				443. Dim-sightedness
		446. Visibility				447.	Invisibility
  		448. Appearance				449.	Disappearance
		<-- 444. spectator to HROLE  -->
		<-- 445. optical instruments to P2.3.1.3.12.2.2 POINST -->

M6.1.2.7.3.1  Vision
	#441. Vision. - N. [ability to see] vision, sight, eyesight.
	view, look, espial[obs3], glance, ken, coup d'oeil[Fr]; glimpse,  glint, peep; gaze, stare, leer; perlustration[obs3], contemplation; conspection[obs1], conspectuity[obs1]; regard, survey;introspection; reconnaissance, speculation, watch, espionage, espionnage[Fr], autopsy; ocular inspection, ocular  demonstration; sight-seeing.
	point of view; gazebo, loophole, belvedere, watchtower.
	field of view, view; vista, panorama, horizon; commanding view, bird's eye view, aerial view.
	theater, amphitheater, arena.
	visual organ, organ of vision; eye; naked eye, unassisted eye; retina, pupil, iris; lens, cornea; white; blind spot; optics, orbs; saucer eyes, goggle eyes, gooseberry eyes.
	short sight &c. 443.
	{{has_high_quality}} good vision, keen eyesight, 20-20 vision; clear sight, sharp sight, quick sight, eagle sight, piercing sight, penetrating sight,  clear glance, sharp glance, quick glance, eagle glance, piercing glance, penetrating glance, clear eye, sharp eye, quick eye, piercing eye, penetrating eye.
	{{has_requirement(good vision)}} vision enhancement; vision correction.
	{{function_of(vision enhancement/vision correction): optical instruments, R445, P2.3.1.3.12.2.2 }}.
	{{needed_for}} viewing, seeing.
	{{has_subtype(viewing)}} microscopic viewing.
	{{has_subtype(viewing)}} distance viewing.
	perspicacity, discernment; catopsis[obs3].
	{{property_of(good vision)}} {{has_subtype(animal): eagle, hawk; cat, lynx; Argus[mythical]}}.
	{{metaphor_of: good vision}} eagle eye, eagle's eye, hawkeye.
	{{property_of(mythical)}} evil eye; basilisk, cockatrice.
	{{analogous_to: discovery, R480a, @M5.5}}.
	{{studied_in}} optics.
	V. see, behold, discern, perceive, have in sight, descry, sight, make out, discover, distinguish, recognize, spy, espy, ken; get a sight of, have a sight of, catch a sight of, get a glimpse of, have a glimpse of, catch a glimpse of; command a view of; witness, contemplate, speculate; cast the eyes on, set the eyes on; be a spectator &c. 444 of; look on &c. (be present) 186; see sights &c. (curiosity) 455; see at a glance &c. (intelligence) 498.
	{{analogous_to: discover, R480a, @M5.5}}.
	look, view, eye; lift up the eyes, open one's eye; look at, look on, look upon, look over, look about one, look round; survey, scan, inspect; run the eye over, run the eye through; reconnoiter, glance round, glance on, glance  over turn one's looks upon, bend one's looks upon; direct the eyes to, turn the eyes on, cast a glance.
	observe &c. (attend to) 457; watch &c. (care) 459; see with one's own eyes; watch for &c. (expect) 507; peep, peer, pry, take a peep; play at bopeep[obs3].
	look full in the face, look hard at, look  intently; strain one's eyes; fix the eyes upon, rivet the eyes upon; stare, gaze; pore over, gloat on; leer, ogle, glare; goggle; cock the eye, squint, gloat, look askance.
	Adj. seeing &c. v.; visual, ocular; optic, optical; ophthalmic.
	clear-eyesighted &c. n.; eagle-eyed, hawk-eyed, lynx-eyed, keen-eyed, Argus-eyed.
	visible &c. 446.
	Adv. visibly &c. 446; in sight of, with one's eyes open 	at sight, at first sight, at a glance, at the first blush; prima facie[Lat].
	Int. look! &c. (attention) 457.
	Phr. the scales falling from one's eyes; " an eye like Mars to threaten or command " [Hamlet];  " her eyes are homes of silent prayer " [Tennyson]; " looking before and after " [Hamlet]; "thy rapt soul sitting in thine eyes " [Milton].

	#442. Blindness. - N. blindness, cecity[obs3], excecation[obs1], amaurosis[obs3], cataract, ablepsy[obs1], ablepsia[obs3], prestriction[obs1]; dim-sightedness &c. 443;  Braille, Braille-type; gutta-serena  (" drop serene "), noctograph[obs3], teichopsia[obs3].
	V. be blind &c. adj.; not see; lose sight of; have the eyes bandaged; grope in the dark.
	not look; close the eyes, shut the eyes-, turn away the eyes, avert the eyes; look another way; wink &c. (limited vision) 443; shut the eyes to, be blind to,  wink at, blink at.
	render blind &c. adj.; blind, blindfold; hoodwink, dazzle, put one's eyes out; throw dust into one's eyes, pull the wool over one's eyes; jeter de la poudre aux yeux[Fr]; screen from sight &c. (hide) 528.
	Adj. blind; eyeless, sightless, visionless; dark; stone-blind, sand-blind, stark-blind; undiscerning[obs3]; dimsighted &c. 443.
	blind as a bat, blind as a buzzard, blind as a beetle, blind as a mole, blind as an owl; wall-eyed.
	blinded &c. v.
	Adv. blindly, blindfold, blindfolded; darkly.
	Phr. " O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon" [Milton].

	#443. [Imperfect vision.] Dimsightedness. [Fallacies of vision.] -- N. dim sight, dull sight half sight,  short sight, near sight, long sight, double sight, astigmatic sight, failing sight; dimsightedness &c.; purblindness, lippitude[obs3]; myopia, presbyopia[obs3]; confusion of vision; astigmatism; color blindness, chromato-pseudo-blepsis[obs3], Daltonism; nyctalopia[obs3]; strabismus, strabism[obs3], squint; blearedness[obs3], day blindness, hemeralopia[obs3], nystagmus; xanthocyanopia[obs3], xanthopsia[Med]; cast in the eye, swivel eye, goggle-eyes; obliquity of vision.
	winking &c. v.; nictitation; blinkard[obs3], albino.
	dizziness, swimming, scotomy[obs3]; cataract; ophthalmia.
	[Limitation of vision] blinker; screen &c. (hider) 530.
	[Fallacies of vision] deceptio visus[Lat]; refraction, distortion, illusion, false light, anamorphosis[obs3], virtual image, spectrum, mirage, looming, phasma[obs1]; phantasm, phantasma[obs3], phantom; vision; specter, apparition, ghost; ignis fatuus &c. (luminary) 423 specter of the Brocken magic mirror[Lat]; magic lantern &c. (show) 448; mirror lens &c. (instrument) 445.
	V. be dimsighted &c. n.; see double; have a mote in the eye, have a mist before the eyes, have a film over the eyes; see through a prism, see through a glass darkly; wink, blink, nictitate; squint; look askant[obs3], askant askance[obs3]; screw up the eyes, glare, glower; nictate[obs3].
	dazzle, loom.
	Adj. dim-sighted &c. n.; myopic, presbyopic[obs3]; astigmatic moon-eyed, mope-eyed, blear-eyed, goggle-eyed, gooseberry-eyed, one-eyed; blind of one eye, monoculous[obs3]; half-blind, purblind; cock-eyed, dim-eyed, mole-eyed; dichroic.
	blind as a bat &c. (blind) 442; winking &c. v.

	#446. Visibility. -- N. visibility, perceptibility; conspicuousness, distinctness &c. adj.; conspicuity[obs3], conspicuousness; appearance &c. 448; bassetting[obs3]; exposure; manifestation &c. 525; ocular proof, ocular evidence, ocular demonstration; field of view &c. (vision) 441; periscopism[obs3].
	V. be become visible &c. adj.; appear, open to the view; meet the eye, catch the eye; basset; present itself, show manifest itself, produce itself, discover itself, reveal itself, expose itself, betray  itself; stand forth, stand out; materialize; show; arise; peep out, peer out, crop out; start up, spring up, show up, turn up, crop up; glimmer, loom; glare; burst forth; burst upon the view, burst upon the sight; heave in sight; come in sight, come into view, come out, come forth, come forward; see the light of day; break through the clouds; make its appearance, show its face, appear to one's eyes, come upon the stage, float before the eyes, speak for itself &c. (manifest) 525; attract the attention &c. 457; reappear; live in a glass house.
	expose to view &c. 525.
	Adj. visible, perceptible, perceivable, discernible, apparent; in view, in full view, in sight; exposed to view, en evidence; unclouded, unobscured[obs3], in the foreground.
	obvious &c. (manifest) 525; plain, clear, distinct, definite; well defined, well marked; in focus; recognizable, palpable, autoptical[obs3]; glaring, staring, conspicuous; stereoscopic; in bold, in strong relief.
	periscopic[obs3], panoramic.
	before one's eyes, under one's eyes; before one, a vue d'oeil[Fr], in one's eye, oculis subjecta fidelibus[Lat].
	Adv. visibly &c. adj.; in sight of; before one's eyes &c. adj.; veluti in speculum[Lat].

	#447. Invisibility. -- N. invisibility, invisibleness, nonappearance, imperceptibility; indistinctness &c. adj.; mystery, delitescence[obs3].
	concealment &c. 528; latency &c. 526.
	V. be invisible &c. adj.; be hidden &c. (hide) 528; lurk &c. (lie hidden) 526; escape notice.
	render invisible &c. adj.; conceal &c. 528; put out of sight.
	not see &c. (be blind) 442; lose sight of.
	Adj. invisible, imperceptible; undiscernible[obs3], indiscernible; unapparent, non-apparent; out of sight, not in sight; a perte de vue[French]; behind the scenes, behind the curtain; viewless, sightless; inconspicuous, unconspicuous[obs3]; unseen &c. (see see &c. 441); covert &c. (latent) 526; eclipsed, under an eclipse.
	dim &c. (faint) 422; mysterious, dark, obscure, confused; indistinct, indistinguishable; shadowy, indefinite, undefined; ill-defined, ill-marked; blurred, fuzzy, out of focus; misty &c. (opaque) 426; delitescent[obs3].
	hidden, obscured, covered, veiled (concealed) 528.
	Phr. " full many a flower is born to blush unseen " [Gray].

	#448. Appearance. -- N. appearance, phenomenon, sight, spectacle, show, premonstration[obs1], scene, species, view, coup d'oeil[Fr]; lookout, outlook, prospect, vista, perspective, bird's-eye view, scenery, landscape, picture, tableau; display, exposure, mise en scene[Fr]; rising of the curtain.
	phantasm, phantom &c. (fallacy of vision) 443.
	pageant, spectacle; peep-show, raree-show, gallanty-show; ombres chinoises[Sp]; magic lantern, phantasmagoria, dissolving views; biograph[obs3], cinematograph, moving pictures; panorama, diorama, cosmorama[obs3], georama[obs3]; coup de theatre, jeu de theatre[Fr]; pageantry &c. (ostentation) 882; insignia &c. (indication) 550. aspect, angle, phase, phasis[obs3], seeming; shape &c. (form) 240; guise, look, complexion, color, image, mien, air, cast, carriage, port, demeanor; presence, expression, first blush, face of the thing; point of view, light.
	lineament feature trait lines; outline, outside; contour, face, countenance, physiognomy, visage, phiz[obs3],. cast of countenance, profile, tournure[obs3], cut of one s jib, metoposcopy[obs3]; outside &c. 220.
	V. appear; be visible, become visible &c. 446; seem, look, show; present the appearance of, wear the appearance of, carry the appearance of, have the appearance of, bear the appearance of, exhibit the appearance of, take the appearance of, take on the appearance of, assume the appearance, present the semblance of, wear the semblance of, carry the semblance of, have the semblance of, bear the semblance of, exhibit the semblance of, take the semblance of, take on the semblance of, assume the semblance of; look like; cut a figure, figure; present to the view; show &c. (make manifest) 525.
	Adj. apparent, seeming, ostensible; on view.
	Adv. apparently; to all seeming, to all appearance; ostensibly, seemingly, as it seems, on the face of it, prima facie [Lat]; at the first blush, at first sight; in the eyes of; to the eye.
	Phr. editio princeps [Lat].

	#449. Disappearance. -- N. disappearance, evanescence, eclipse, occultation.
	departure &c. 293; exit; vanishing point; dissolving views.
	V. disappear, vanish, dissolve, fade, melt away, pass, go, avaunt[obs3], evaporate, vaporize; be gone &c. adj.; leave no trace, leave  " not a rack behind " [Tempest]; go off the stage &c. (depart) 293; suffer an eclipse, undergo an eclipse; retire from sight; be lost to view, pass out of sight.
	lose sight of.
	efface &c. 552.
	Adj. disappearing &c. v.; evanescent; missing, lost; lost to sight, lost to view; gone.
	Int. vanish! disappear! avaunt[obs3]! get lost! get out of here &c. (ejection) 297.

M6.1.2.7.4  Artifactual signal detection

M7   Mind-Matter Interaction: Volition  (R600 to R703)
			(Output of mental acts: operation on or plan of interaction
				with the physical universe)
M7.1  Volition generally (R600 to R624)
	<--		B.  INDIVIDUAL. VOLITION..........	600-736
			1.	Non-human animal
			2.	Human
			3.	Computers (automation, robots)  -->
M7.1.1    Acts of volition  R600 to R614.
<--   	600. Will						601. Necessity
		602. Willingness				603. Unwillingness
		604. Resolution				605. Irresolution
		604a. Perseverance				607. Tergiversation
		606.	Obstinacy	 
									608. Caprice
		609.	Choice					609a. Absence of Choice
									610. Rejection
		611.	Predetermination			612. Impulse
		613.	Habit					614 . Desuetude   -->

	#600. Will. -- N. will, volition; conation[obs3], velleity; liberum arbitrium[Lat]; will and pleasure, free will; freedom &c. 748; discretion; option &c. (choice) 609; voluntariness[obs3]; spontaneity, spontaneousness; originality.
	pleasure, wish, mind; frame of mind &c. (inclination) 602; intention &c. 620; predetermination &c. 611; self-control &c. determination &c. (resolution) 604; force of will.
	[ref: desire, yearning, yen, itch, hankering; longing, hunger, craving 865.].
	V. will, list; see fit, think fit; determine &c. (resolve) 604; enjoin; settle &c. (choose) 609; volunteer.
	have a will of one's own; do what one chooses &c. (freedom) 748; have it all.one's own way; have one's will, have one's own way.
use one's discretion, exercise one's discretion; take upon oneself, take one's own course, take the law into one's own hands; do of one's own accord, do upon one;s own authority; originate &c. (cause) 153.
	Adj. voluntary, volitional, willful; free &c. 748; optional; discretional, discretionary; volitient[obs3], volitive[obs3].
	minded &c. (willing) 602; prepense &c. (predetermined) 611[obs3]; intended &c. 620; autocratic; unbidden &c. (bid &c. 741); spontaneous; original &c. (casual) 153; unconstrained.
	Adv. voluntarily &c. adj.; at will, at pleasure; a volonte[Fr], a discretion; al piacere[It]; ad libitum, ad arbitrium[Lat]; as one thinks proper, as it seems good to; a beneplacito[It].
	of one's won accord, of one's own free will; proprio motu[Lat], suo motu[Lat], ex meromotu[Lat]; out of one's won head; by choice &c. 609; purposely &c. (intentionally) 620; deliberately &c. 611.
	Phr. stet pro ratione voluntas[Lat]; sic volo sic jubeo[Lat]; a vostro beneplacito[It]; beneficium accipere libertatem est vendere[Lat]; Deus vult[Lat]; was man nicht kann meiden muss man willig leiden[Ger].

	#601. Necessity. -- N. involuntariness; instinct, blind impulse; inborn proclivity, innate proclivity; native tendency, natural tendency; natural impulse, predetermination.
	necessity, necessitation; obligation; compulsion &c. 744; subjection &c. 749; stern necessity, hard necessity, dire necessity, imperious necessity, inexorable necessity, iron necessity, adverse necessity; fate; what must be.
	destiny, destination; fatality, fate, kismet, doom, foredoom, election, predestination; preordination, foreordination; lot fortune; fatalism; inevitableness &c. adj.; spell &c. 993.
	star, stars; planet, planets; astral influence; sky, Fates, Parcae, Sisters three, book of fate; God's will, will of Heaven; wheel of Fortune, Ides of March, Hobson's choice.
	last shift, last resort; dernier ressort[Fr]; pis aller &c. (substitute) 147[Fr]; necessaries &c. (requirement) 630.
	necessarian[obs3], necessitarian[obs3]; fatalist; automaton.
	V. lie under a necessity; befated[obs3], be doomed, be destined &c. in for, under the necessity of; have no choice, have no alternative; be one's fate &c. n. to be pushed to the wall to be driven into a corner, to be unable to help.
	destine, doom, foredoom, devote; predestine, preordain; cast a spell &c. 992; necessitate; compel &c. 744.
	Adj. necessary, needful &c. (requisite) 630.
	fated; destined &c. v.; elect; spellbound
	compulsory &c. (compel) 744; uncontrollable, inevitable, unavoidable, irresistible, irrevocable, inexorable; avoidless[obs3], resistless.
	involuntary, instinctive, automatic, blind, mechanical; unconscious, unwitting, unthinking; unintentional &c. (undesigned) 621; impulsive &c. 612.
	Adv. necessarily &c. adv.; of necessity, of course; ex necessitate rei[Lat]; needs must; perforce &c. 744; nolens volens[Lat]; will he nil he, willy nilly, bon gre mal gre[Fr], willing or unwilling, coute  que coute[Fr].
	faute de mieux[Fr]; by stress of; if need be.
	Phr. it cannot be helped; there is no help for, there is no helping it; it will be, it must be, it needs to be, it must be so, it will have its way; the die is cast; jacta est alea[obs3][Lat]; che sara sara[French]; "it is written"; one's days are numbered, one's fate is sealed; Fata obstant[Latin]; diis aliter visum[obs3][Latin]; actum me invito factus[Latin], non est meus actus[Latin]; aujord'hui roi demain rien[French]; quisque suos patimur manes  [Latin][Vergil];"The moving finger writes and having writ moves on.  Nor all your piety and wit can bring it back to cancel half a line, nor all your tears wash out a word of it."[Rubayyat of Omar Khayyam].

	#602. Willingness. -- N. willingness, voluntariness &c. adj[obs3].; willing mind, heart.
	disposition, inclination, leaning, animus; frame of mind, humor, mood, vein; bent &c. (turn of mind) 820; penchant &c. (desire) 865; aptitude &c. 698.
	docility, docibleness[obs3]; persuasibleness[obs3], persuasibility[obs3]; pliability &c. (softness) 324.
	geniality, cordiality; goodwill; alacrity, readiness, earnestness, forwardness; eagerness &c. (desire) 865.
	asset &c. 488; compliance &c. 762; pleasure &c. (will) 600; gratuitous service.
	labor of love; volunteer, volunteering.
	V. be willing &c. adj.; incline, lean to, mind, propend; had as lief; lend a willing ear, give a willing ear, turn a willing ear; have a half a mind to, have a great mind to; hold to, cling to; desire &c. 865.
	see fit, think good, think proper; acquiesce &c. (assent) 488; comply with &c. 762.
	swallow the bait, nibble at the bait; gorge the hook; have no scruple of, make no scruple of; make no bones of; jump at, catch at; meet halfway; volunteer.
	Adj.  willing, minded, fain, disposed, inclined, favorable; favorably-minded, favorably inclined, favorably disposed; nothing loth; in the vein, in the mood, in the humor, in the mind.
	ready, forward, earnest, eager; bent upon &c. (desirous) 865; predisposed, propense[obs3].
	docile; persuadable, persuasible; suasible[obs3], easily persuaded, facile, easy-going; tractable &c. (pliant) 324; genial, gracious, cordial, cheering, hearty; content &c. (assenting) 488.
	voluntary, gratuitous, spontaneous; unasked &c. (ask &c. 765); unforced &c. (free) 748.
	Adv. willingly &c. adj.; fain, freely, as lief, heart and soul; with pleasure, with all one's heart, with open arms; with good will, with right will; de bonne volonte[Fr], ex animo[Lat]; con amore[It], heart in hand, nothing loth, without reluctance, of one's own accord, graciously, with a good grace.
	a la bonne heure[Fr]; by all means, by all manner of means; to one's heart's content; yes &c. (assent) 488.

	#603. Unwillingness. -- N. unwillingness &c. adj.; indisposition, indisposedness[obs3]; disinclination, aversation[obs3]; nolleity[obs3], nolition[obs3]; renitence[obs3], renitency; reluctance; indifference &c. 866; backwardness &c. adj.; slowness &c. 275; want of alacrity,want of readiness; indocility &c. (obstinacy) 606[obs3]. 
	scrupulousness, scrupulosity; qualms of conscience, twinge of conscience; delicacy, demur, scruple, qualm, shrinking, recoil; hesitation &c. (irresolution) 605; fastidiousness &c. 868.
	averseness &c. (dislike) 867[obs3]; dissent &c. 489; refusal &c. 764.
	V. be unwilling &c. adj.; nill; dislike &c. 867; grudge, begrudge; not be able to find it in one's heart to, not have the stomach to.
	demur, stick at, scruple, stickle; hang fire, run rusty; recoil, shrink, swerve; hesitate &c. 605; avoid &c. 623.
	oppose &c. 708; dissent &c. 489; refuse &c. 764.
	Adj. unwilling; not in the vein, loth, loath, shy of, disinclined, indisposed, averse, reluctant, not content; adverse &c. (opposed) 708; laggard, backward, remiss, slack, slow to; indifferent &c. 866; scrupulous; squeamish &c. (fastidious) 868; repugnant &c. (dislike) 867; restiff[obs1], restive; demurring &c. v.; unconsenting &c. (refusing) 764; involuntary &c. 601.
	Adv. unwillingly &c. adj.; grudgingly, with a heavy heart; with a bad, with an ill grace; against one's wishes, against one's will, against the grain, sore against one's wishes, sore against one's will, sore against one's grain; invita Minerva[Lat]; a contre caeur[Fr]; malgre soi[Fr]; in spite of one's teeth, in spite of oneself; nolens volens &c. (necessity) 601[Lat]; perforce &c. 744; under protest; no &c. 536; not for the world, far be it from me.

	#604. Resolution. -- N. determination, will; iron will, unconquerable will; will of one's own, decision, resolution; backbone; clear grit, true grit, grit [U. S. &can.]; sand, strength of mind, strength of will; resolve &c. (intent) 620; firmness &c. (stability) 150; energy, manliness, vigor; game, pluck; resoluteness &c. (courage) 861; zeal &c. 682; aplomb; desperation; devotion, devotedness.
	mastery over self; self control, self command, self possession, self reliance, self government, self restraint, self conquest, self denial; moral courage, moral strength; perseverance &c. 604a; tenacity; obstinacy &c. 606; bulldog; British lion.
	V. have determination &c. n.; know one's own mind; be resolved &c. adj.; make up one's mind, will, resolve, determine; decide &c. (judgment) 480; form a determination, come to a determination,  come to a resolution, come to a resolve; conclude, fix, seal, determine once for all, bring to a crisis, drive matters to an extremity; take a decisive step &c. (choice) 609; take upon oneself &c. (undertake) 676.
	devote oneself to, give oneself up to; throw away the scabbard, kick down the ladder, nail one's colors to the mast, set one's back against the wall, set one's teeth, put one's foot down, take one's stand; stand firm &c. (stability) 150; steel oneself; stand no nonsense, not listen to the voice of the charmer.
	buckle to; buckle oneself put one's shoulder to the wheel, lay  one's shoulder to the wheel, set one's shoulder to the wheel; put one's heart into; run the gauntlet, make a dash at, take the bull by the horns; rush in medias res, plunge in medias res; go in for; insist upon, make a point of; set one's heart upon, set one's mind upon.
	stick at nothing, stop at nothing; make short work of &c. (activity) 682; not stick at trifles; go all lengths, go the limit *, go the whole hog; persist &c. (persevere) 604a,; go through fire and water, ride the tiger, ride in the whirlwind and direct the storm.

	Adj. resolved &c. v.; determined; strong-willed, strong-minded; resolute &c. (brave) 861; self-possessed; decided, definitive, peremptory, tranchant[obs3]; unhesitating, unflinching, unshrinking[obs3]; firm, iron, gritty [U.S.], indomitable, game to the backbone; inexorable, relentless, not to be shaken, not to be put down; tenax propositi[Lat]; inflexible &c. (hard) 323; obstinate &c. 606; steady &c. (persevering) 604a.
	earnest, serious; set upon, bent upon, intent upon.
	steel against, proof against; in utrumque paratus[Lat].
	Adv. resolutely &c. adj.; in earnest, in good earnest; seriously, joking apart, earnestly, heart and soul; on one's mettle; manfully, like a man, with a high hand; with a strong hand &c. (exertion) 686.
	at any rate, at any risk, at any hazard at any price, at any cost, at any sacrifice; at all hazards, at all risks, at all events; a bis ou a blanc[Fr][obs3]; cost what it may; coute[Fr]; a tort et a travers[obs3]; once for all; neck or nothing; rain or shine.
	Phr. spes sibi quisque[Lat]; celui qui veut celui-la peut[Fr]; chi non s'arrischia non guadagna[Fr][obs3]; frangas non flectes[Lat]; manu forti[Lat]; tentanda via est[Lat].

	#604a. Perseverance. -- N. perseverance; continuance &c. (inaction) 143; permanence &c. (absence of change) 141; firmness &c. (stability) 150.
	constancy, steadiness; singleness of purpose, tenacity of purpose; persistence, tenacity, plodding, patience; sedulity &c. (industry) 682; pertinacy[obs1], pertinacity, pertinaciousness; iteration &c. 104
	bottom, game, pluck, stamina, backbone, grit; indefatigability, indefatigableness; bulldog courage.
	V. persevere, persist; hold on, hold out; die in the last ditch, be in at the death; stick to, cling to, adhere to; stick to one's text, keep on; keep to one's course, keep to one's ground, maintain one's course, maintain one's ground; go all lengths, go through fire and water; bear up, keep up, hold up; plod; stick to work &c. (work) 686; continue &c. 143; follow up; die in harness, die at one's post.
	be firm &c. adj.; stick fast; stand firm, keep firm, remain firm; weather the storm, stay the course, stick to the  course, keep the faith, don't give in, don't buckle under.
	Adj. persevering, constant; steady, steadfast; undeviating, unwavering, unfaltering, unswerving, unflinching, unsleeping[obs3], unflagging, undrooping[obs3]; steady as time; unrelenting, unintermitting[obs3], unremitting; plodding; industrious &c. 682; strenuous &c. 686; pertinacious; persisting, persistent.
	solid, sturdy, staunch, stanch, true to oneself; unchangeable &c. 150; unconquerable &c. (strong) 159; indomitable, game to the last, indefatigable, untiring, unwearied, never tiring.
	Adv. through evil report and good report, through thick and thin, through fire and water; per fas et nefas[Lat]; without fail, sink or swim, at any price, vogue la galere[Fr]..
	Phr. never say die; give it the old college try;  vestigia nulla retrorsum[Lat]; aut vincer aut mori[Lat]; la garde meurt et ne se rend pas[Fr]; tout vient a temps pour qui sait attendre[Fr].

	#605. Irresolution. -- N. irresolution, infirmity of purpose, indecision; indetermination, undetermination[obs2], hesitating, hesitation, hesitancy; unsettlement.
	{{similar_to: uncertainty &c. 475}}.
	{{has_manifestation}} restlessness, fidgets, disquiet, disquietude, inquietude, unrest.
	{{causes: changeableness &c. 149}}.
	demur, suspense.
	{{has_manifestation(changeableness, R149)}} vacillation, fluctuation.
	{{similar_to(vacillation): alternation &c. (oscillation) 314}}.
	{{similar_to(vacillation): caprice &c. 608}}.
	fickleness, inconstancy; levity, legerete[Fr]; pliancy &c. (softness) 324; weakness; timidity &c. 860; cowardice &c. 862; half measures.
	waverer, ass between two bundles of hay; shuttlecock, butterfly; wimp; doughface [obs3][U. S.].
	{{causes}} tentative decision.
	V. be irresolute &c. adj.; hang in suspense, keep in suspense; leave "ad referendum"; think twice about, pause; dawdle &c. (inactivity) 683; remain neuter; dilly-dally, hesitate, boggle, hover, dacker[obs3], hum and haw, demur, not know one's own mind; debate, balance; dally with, coquet with; will and will not, chaser-balancer[obs3]; go halfway, compromise, make a compromise; be thrown off one's balance, stagger like a drunken man; be afraid &c. 860; let "I dare not" wait upon "I would" [Macbeth]; falter, waver
	vacillate &c. 149; change &c. 140; retract &c. 607; fluctuate; pendulate[obs3]; alternate &c. (oscillate) 314; keep off and on, play fast and loose; blow hot and cold &c. (caprice) 608.
	shuffle, palter, blink; trim. 
 	Adj. irresolute, indecisive, infirm of purpose, double-minded, half-hearted, tentative; undecided, unresolved, undetermined; shilly-shally; fidgety, tremulous; hesitating &c. v.; off one's balance; at a loss &c. (uncertain) 475.
	vacillating &c. v.; unsteady &c. (changeable) 149; unsteadfast[obs3], fickle, without ballast; capricious &c. 608; volatile, frothy; light, lightsome, light-minded; giddy; fast and loose.
	weak, feeble-minded, frail; pliant; timid, wimpish, wimpy &c. 860; cowardly &c. 862; dough-faced [U.S.]; facile; unable to say "no".
	{{similar_to(pliant): soft, R324}}.
	easy-going, laid back[coll.], hang-loose[coll.].
	{{has_property(tentative decision)}} revocable, reversible.
	Adv. irresolutely &c. adj.; irresolved[obs3], irresolvedly[obs3]; in faltering accents; off and on; from pillar to post; seesaw &c. 314.
	Int. "how happy could I be with either!" [Gay].
	Phr. "If you keep one foot on the dock, and one foot on the boat, you wind up with your tush in the water."[Mario Cuomo].

	#606. Obstinacy. -- N. obstinateness &c. adj.; obstinacy, tenacity; cussedness [U. S.]; perseverance &c. 604a; immovability; old school; inflexibility &c. (hardness) 323; obduracy, obduration[obs3]; dogged resolution; resolution &c. 604; ruling passion; blind side.
	self-will, contumacy, perversity; pervicacy[obs1], pervicacity[obs3]; indocility[obs3].
	bigotry, intolerance, dogmatism; opiniatry[obs1], opiniativeness; fixed idea &c. (prejudgment) 481; fanaticism, zealotry, infatuation, monomania; opinionatedness opinionativeness[obs3].
	mule; opinionist[obs1], opinionatist[obs3], opiniator[obs1], opinator[obs1]; stickler, dogmatist; bigot; zealot, enthusiast, fanatic.
	V. be obstinate &c. adj.; stickle, take no denial, fly in the face of facts; opinionate, be wedded to an opinion, hug a belief; have one's own way &c. (will) 600; persist &c. (persevere) 604a; have the last word, insist on having the last word.
	die hard, fight against destiny, not yield an inch, stand out.
	Adj. obstinate, tenacious, stubborn, obdurate, casehardened; inflexible &c. (hard) 323; balky; immovable, unshakable, not to be moved; inert &c. 172; unchangeable &c. 150; inexorable &c. (determined) 604; mulish, obstinate as a mule, pig-headed.
	dogged; sullen, sulky; unmoved, uninfluenced unaffected.
	willful, self-willed, perverse; resty[obs3], restive, restiff[obs1]; pervicacious[obs3], wayward, refractory, unruly; heady, headstrong; entete[Fr]; contumacious; crossgrained[obs3].
	arbitrary, dogmatic, positive, bigoted; prejudiced &c. 481; creed-bound; prepossessed, infatuated; stiff-backed, stiff necked, stiff hearted; hard-mouthed, hidebound; unyielding; impervious, impracticable, inpersuasible[obs3]; unpersuadable; intractable, untractable[obs3]; incorrigible, deaf to advice, impervious to reason; crotchety &c. 608.
	Adv. obstinately &c. adj.
	Phr. non possumus[Lat]; no surrender; ils n'ont rien appris ne rien oublie[Fr].

	#607. Tergiversation. -- N. change of mind, change of intention, change of purpose; afterthought.
	tergiversation, recantation; palinode, palinody[obs3]; renunciation; abjuration, abjurement[obs3]; defection &c. (relinquishment) 624; going over &c. v.; apostasy; retraction, retractation[obs3]; withdrawal; disavowal &c. (negation) 536; revocation, revokement[obs3]; reversal; repentance &c. 950- redintegratio amoris[Lat].
	coquetry; vacillation &c. 605; backsliding; volte-face[Fr].
	turn coat, turn tippet[obs1]; rat, apostate, renegade; convert, pervert; proselyte, deserter; backslider; blackleg, crawfish [U. S.], scab*, mugwump [U. S.], recidivist.
	time server, time pleaser[obs3]; timist[obs1], Vicar of Bray, trimmer, ambidexter[obs3]; weathercock &c. (changeable) 149; Janus.
	V. change one's mind, change one's intention, change one's purpose, change one's note; abjure, renounce; withdraw from &c. (relinquish) 624; waver, vacillate; wheel round, turn round, veer round; turn a pirouette; go over from one side to another, pass from one side to another, change from one side to another, skip from one side to another; go to the right-about; box the compass, shift one's ground, go upon another tack.
	apostatize, change sides, go over, rat; recant, retract; revoke; rescind &c. (abrogate) 756; recall; forswear, unsay; come over, come round to an opinion; crawfish *[U. S.], crawl* [U. S.].
	draw in one's horns, eat one's words; eat the leek, swallow the leek; swerve, flinch, back out of, retrace one's steps, think better of it; come back return to one's first love; turn over a new leaf &c. (repent) 950.
	trim, shuffle, play fast and loose, blow hot and cold, coquet, be on the fence, straddle, bold with the hare but run with the hounds; nager entre deux eaux[Fr]; wait to see how the cat jumps, wait to see how the wind blows.
	Adj. changeful &c. 149; irresolute &c. 605; ductile, slippery as an eel, trimming, ambidextrous, timeserving[obs3];. coquetting &c. v.
	revocatory[obs3], reactionary.
	Phr. "a change came o'er the spirit of my dream" [Byron].

	#608. Caprice. -- N. caprice, fancy, humor; whim, whimsy, whimsey[obs3], whimwham[obs3]; crotchet, capriccio, quirk, freak, maggot, fad, vagary, prank, fit, flimflam, escapade, boutade[Fr], wild-goose chase; capriciousness &c. adj.; kink.
	V. be capricious &c. adj.; have a maggot in the brain; take it into one's head, strain at a gnat and swallow a camel; blow hot and cold; play fast and loose, play fantastic tricks; tourner casaque[Fr].
	Adj. capricious; erratic, eccentric, fitful, hysterical; full of whims &c. n.; maggoty; inconsistent, fanciful, fantastic, whimsical, crotchety, kinky [U. S.], particular, humorsome[obs3], freakish, skittish, wanton, wayward; contrary; captious; arbitrary; unconformable &c. 83; penny wise and pound foolish; fickle &c. (irresolute) 605; frivolous, sleeveless, giddy, volatile.
	Adv. by fits and starts, without rhyme or reason.
	Phr. nil fuit unquain sic inipar sibi[Lat]; the deuce is in him.

	#609. Choice. -- N. choice, option;. discretion &c. (volition) 600; preoption[obs3]; alternative; dilemma, embarras de choix[Fr]; adoption, cooptation[obs3]; novation[obs3]; decision &c. (judgment) 480.
	election; political election (politics) 737a.
	selection, excerption, gleaning, eclecticism; excerpta[obs3], gleanings, cuttings, scissors and paste; pick &c. (best) 650.
	preference, prelation[obs3], opinion poll, survey; predilection &c. (desire) 865.
	V. offers one's choice, set before; hold out the alternative, present the alternative, offer the alternative; put to the vote.
	use option, use discretion, exercise option, exercise discretion, one's option; adopt, take up, embrace, espouse; choose, elect, opt for; take one's choice, make one's choice; make choice of, fix upon.
	vote, poll, hold up one's hand; divide.
	settle; decide &c. (adjudge) 480; list &c. (will) 600; make up one's mind &c. (resolve) 604.
	select; pick and choose; pick out, single out; cull, glean, winnow; sift the chaff from the wheat, separate the chaff from the wheat, winnow the chaff from the wheat; pick up, pitch upon; pick one's way; indulge one;s fancy.
	set apart, mark out for; mark &c. 550.
	prefer; have rather, have as lief; fancy &c. (desire) 865; be persuaded &c. 615.
	take a decided step, take a decisive step; commit oneself to a course; pass the Rubicon, cross the Rubicon; cast in one's lot with; take for better or for worse.
	Adj. optional; discretional &c. (voluntary) 600.
	eclectic; choosing &c. v.; preferential; chosen &c. v.; choice &c. (good) 648.
	Adv. optionally &c. adj.; at pleasure &c. (will) 600; either the one or the other; or at the option of; whether or not; once and for all; for one's money.
	by choice, by preference; in preference; rather, before.

	#609a. Absence of Choice. -- N. no choice, Hobson's choice; first come first served, random selection; necessity &c. 601; not a pin to choose &c. (equality) 27; any, the first that comes; that or nothing.
	neutrality, indifference; indecision &c. (irresolution) 605; arbitrariness.
	{{similar_to: coercion, compulsion R744}}.
	V. be neutral &c. adj.; have no choice, have no election; waive, not vote; abstain from voting, refrain from voting; leave undecided; "make a virtue of necessity" [Two Gentlemen].
	Adj. neutral, neuter; indifferent, uninterested; undecided &c. (irresolute) 605.
	Adv. either &c. (choice) 609.
	Phr.  who cares? what difference does it make? "There's not a dime's worth of difference between them." [George Wallace].

	#610. Rejection. -- N. rejection, repudiation, exclusion; refusal &c. 764; declination
	V. reject; set aside, lay aside; give up; decline &c. (refuse) 764; exclude, except; pluck, spin; cast.
	repudiate, scout, set at naught; fling to the winds, fling to the dogs, fling overboard, fling away, cast to the winds, cast to the dogs, cast overboard, cast away, throw to the winds, throw to the dogs, throw overboard, throw away, toss to the winds, toss to the dogs, toss overboard, toss away; send to the right about; disclaim &c. (deny) 536; discard &c. (eject) 297, (have done with) 678.
	Adj. rejected &c. v.; reject, rejectaneous[obs1], rejectious[obs1]; not chosen &c. 609, to be thought of, out of the question
	Adv. neither, neither the one nor the other; no &c. 536.
	Phr. non haec in faedera[Lat].

	#611. Predetermination. -- N. predestination, preordination, premeditation, predeliberation[obs3], predetermination; foregone conclusion, fait accompli[Fr]; parti pris[Fr]; resolve, propendency[obs1]; intention &c. 620; project &c. 626; fate, foredoom, necessity.
	V. predestine, preordain, predetermine, premeditate, resolve, concert; resolve beforehand, predesignate.
	Adj. prepense[obs3], premeditated &c. v., predesignated, predesigned[obs3]; advised, studied, designed, calculated; aforethought; intended &c. 620; foregone.
	well-laid, well-devised, well-weighed; maturely considered; cunning.
	Adv. advisedly &c. adj.; with premeditation, deliberately, all things considered, with eyes open, in cold blood; intentionally &c. 620.

	#612. Impulse. -- N. impulse, sudden thought; impromptu, improvisation; inspiration, flash, spurt.
improvisatore[obs3]; creature of impulse.
	V. flash on the mind.
	say what comes uppermost; improvise, extemporize.
	Adj. extemporaneous, impulsive, indeliberate[obs3]; snap; improvised, improvisate[obs3], improvisatory[obs3]; unpremeditated, unmeditated; improvise; unprompted, unguided; natural, unguarded; spontaneous &c. (voluntary) 600; instinctive &c. 601.
	Adv. extempore, extemporaneously; offhand, impromptu, a limproviste[Fr]; improviso[obs3]; on the spur of the moment, on the spur of the occasion.

	#613. Habit. [includes commonness due to frequency of occurrence] -- N. habit, habitude; assuetude[obs1], assuefaction[obs1], wont; run, way.
	common state of things, general state of things, natural state of things, ordinary state of things, ordinary course of things, ordinary run of things; matter of course; beaten path, beaten track, beaten ground.
	prescription, custom, use, usage, immemorial usage, practice; prevalence, observance; conventionalism, conventionality; mode, fashion, vogue; etiquette &c. (gentility) 852; order of the day, cry; conformity &c. 82; consuetude,.dustoor[obs3].
	one's old way, old school, veteris vestigia flammae[Lat]; laudator temporis acti[Lat].
	rule, standing order, precedent, routine; red-tape, red-tapism[obs3]; pipe clay; rut, groove.
	cacoethes[Lat]; bad habit, confirmed habit, inveterate habit, intrinsic habit &c.; addiction, trick.
	training &c. (education) 537; seasoning, second nature, acclimatization; knack &c.
	V. be wont &c. adj.
	fall into a rut, fall into a custom &c. (conform to) 82; tread the beaten track, follow the beaten track, tread the beaten path, follow the beaten; stare super antiquas vias[Lat][obs3]; move in a rut, run on in a groove, go round like a horse in a mill, go on in the old jog trot way.
	habituate, inure, harden, season, caseharden; accustom, familiarize; naturalize, adapt, acclimatize, acclimate; keep one's hand in; train &c. (educate) 537.
	get into the way, get into the knack of; learn &c. 539; cling to, adhere to; repeat &c. 104; acquire a habit, contract a habit, fall into a  habit, acquire a trick, contract a trick, fall into a trick; addict oneself to, take to, get into.
	be habitual &c. adj.; prevail; come into use, become a habit, take root; gain upon one, grow upon one.
	Adj. habitual; accustomary[obs3]; prescriptive, accustomed &c. v.; of daily occurrence, of everyday occurrence; consuetudinary[obs3]; wonted, usual, general, ordinary, common, frequent, everyday, household, garden variety, jog, trot; well-trodden, well-known; familiar, vernacular, trite, commonplace, conventional, regular, set, stock, established, stereotyped; prevailing, prevalent; current, received, acknowledged, recognized, accredited; of course, admitted, understood.
	conformable. &c. 82; according to use, according to custom, according to routine; in vogue, in fashion, in, with it; fashionable &c. (genteel) 852.
	wont; used to, given to, addicted to, attuned to, habituated &c. v.; in the habit of; habitue; at home in &c. (skillful) 698; seasoned; imbued with; devoted to, wedded to.
	hackneyed, fixed, rooted, deep-rooted, ingrafted[obs3], permanent, inveterate, besetting; naturalized; ingrained &c. (intrinsic) 5.
	Adv. habitually &c. adj.; always &c. (uniformly) 16.
	as usual, as is one's wont, as things go, as the world goes, as the sparks fly upwards; more suo, more  solito[Lat]; ex more.
	as a rule, for the most part; usually, generally, typically &c. adj.; most often, most frequently.
	Phr. cela s'entend[Fr]; abeunt studia in mores[Lat]; adeo in teneris consuescere multum est[Lat]; consuetudo quasi altera natura [Lat][Cicero]; hoc erat in more majorum[Lat]; "How use doth breed a habit in a man!" [Two Gentlemen]; magna est vis consuetudinis[Lat]; morent fecerat usus [Lat][Ovid].

	#614. Desuetude. -- N. desuetude, disusage[obs3]; obsolescence, disuse &c. 678; want of habit, want of practice; inusitation[obs3]; newness to; new brooms.
	infraction of usage &c. (unconformity) 83; nonprevalence[obs3]; "a custom more honored in the breach than the observance" [Hamlet].
	V. be -unaccustomed &c. adj.; leave off a habit, cast off a habit, break off a habit, wean oneself of a habit, violate a habit, break through a habit, infringe a habit, leave off a custom, cast off a custom, break off a custom, wean oneself of a custom, violate a custom, break through a custom, infringe a custom, leave off a usage, cast off a usage, break off a usage, wean oneself of a usage, violate a usage, break through a usage, infringe a usage; disuse &c. 678; wear off.
	Adj. unaccustomed, unused, unwonted, unseasoned, uninured[obs3], unhabituated[obs3], untrained; new; green &c. (unskilled) 699; unhackneyed.
	unusual &c. (unconformable) 83; nonobservant[obs3]; disused &c. 678.

<-- in the section below on motives, we distinguish motive generally (which may be internally or externally caused) and goals, which are a subgroup of motives, namely those causing action for a specific end.  -->

M7.1.2. Causes of Volition  R615 to R624  
M7.1.2.1  Autonomous volition R615 {{has_subtype(cause, R153,A7.1)}} [[motive]]
<--   	615.	Motive				
   Note:	615a. Absence of Motive to M7.1.2.2
    motive is a mental cause, analogous to a physical cause, but acting through a mental agent (mind) to achieve an effect
-->
	#615. Motive. -- N. motive, reason, ground, purpose, springs of action, wellsprings of action.
	call, principle; by-end, by-purpose; mainspring, primum mobile[Lat], keystone; the why and the wherefore; pro and con, reason why; secret motive, arriere pensee[Fr]; intention &c. 620.
	V. move, motivate, induce, give an impulse &c. n. to.
	stimulate &c. (excite) 824; spirit up, inspirit; rouse, arouse; animate, incite, foment, provoke, instigate, set on, actuate;.act upon, work upon, operate upon; encourage; pat on the back, pat on the shoulder, clap on the back, clap on the shoulder.
	influence, weigh with, bias, sway, incline, dispose, predispose, turn the scale, inoculate; lead by the nose; have influence with, have
influence upon; go round one, come round one; turn the head, magnetize.
	Adj. impulsive, motive.
	Adv. because, therefore &c. (cause) 155; from this motive, from that motive; for this reason, for that reason; for; by reason of, for the sake of, count of; out of, from, as, forasmuch as.
	for all the world; on principle.
	Phr. fax mentis incendium gloriae[Lat]; "temptation hath a music for all ears"  "to beguile many and be beguiled by one" [Willis][Othello].

M7.1.2.1.1  Objects of volition, goals generally, R618 to R624  {{has_subtype(motive, M7.1.2.1)}}
<--  
		618.	Good						619. Evil
		620.	Intention. Goal			621. Chance
		622.	Pursuit					623. Avoidance
									624. Relinquishment
-->
<--%
			Section II. Prospective Volition1
1. Conceptional Volition
%-->
[[goal]]
	#620. Intention. Goal. -- N. intent, intention, intentionality; purpose; quo animo[Lat]; project &c. 626; undertaking &c. 676; predetermination &c. 611; design, ambition.
	goal, object, objective, aim, end.
	contemplation, mind, animus, view, purview, proposal; study; look out.
	final cause; raison d'etre[Fr]; cui bono[Lat]; "the be all and the end all"; drift &c. (meaning) 516; tendency &c. 176; destination, mark, point, butt, target, bull's-eye, quintain[obs3][medeival]; prey, quarry, game.
	decision, determination, resolve; fixed set purpose, settled purpose; ultimatum; resolution &c. 604; wish &c. 865; arriere pensee[Fr]; motive &c. 615.
	[Study of final causes] teleology.
	V. intend, purpose, design, mean; have to; propose to oneself; harbor a design; have in view, have in contemplation, have in one's eye, have in- petto; have an eye to.
	bid for, labor for; be after, aspire after, endeavor after; be at, aim at, drive at, point at, level at, aspire at; take aim; set before oneself; study to.
	take upon oneself &c. (undertake) 676; take into one's head; meditate, contemplate of, think of, dream of, talk of; premeditate &c. 611; compass, calculate; destine, destinate[obs3]; propose.
	project &c. (plan) 626; have a mind to &c. (be willing) 602; desire &c. 865; pursue &c. 622.
	Adj. intended &c. v.; intentional, advised, express, determinate; prepense &c. 611[obs3]; bound for; intending &c. v.; minded; bent upon &c. (earnest) 604; at stake; on the anvil, on the tapis[obs3]; in view, in prospect, in the breast of; in petto; teleological
	Adv. intentionally &c. adj.; advisedly, wittingly, knowingly, designedly, purposely, on purpose, by design, studiously, pointedly; with intent &c. n.; deliberately &c. (with premeditation) 611; with one's eyes open, in cold blood.
	for; with a view, with an eye to; in order to, in order that; to the end that, with the intent that; for the purpose of, with the view of, in contemplation of, on account of.
	in pursuance of, pursuant to; quo animo[Lat]; to all intents and purposes.
	Phr. "The road to hell is paved with good intentions" [Johnson]; sublimi feriam sidera vertice [Lat][Horace].
<--  specific goals  -->

M7.1.2.1.1.1  Good (R618) 

	#618. Good. -- N. good, benefit, advantage; improvement &c. 658; greatest good, supreme good; interest, service, behoof, behalf; weal; main chance, summum bonum[Lat], common weal; "consummation devoutly to be wished"; gain, boot; profit, harvest.
	boon &c. (gift) 784; good turn; blessing; world of good; piece of good luck[Fr], piece of good fortune[Fr]; nuts, prize, windfall, godsend, waif, treasure-trove.
	good fortune &c. (prosperity) 734; happiness &c. 827.
	[Source of good] goodness &c. 648; utility &c. 644; remedy &c. 662; pleasure giving &c. 829.
	Adj. commendable &c. 931; useful &c. 644; good &c., beneficial &c. 648.
	Adv. well, aright, satisfactorily, favorably, not amis[Fr]; all for the best; to one's advantage &c. n.; in one's favor, in one's interest &c. n.
	Phr. so far so good; magnum bonum[Lat].

M7.1.2.1.1.2  Evil (R619).
	#619. Evil. -- N. evil, ill, harm, hurt., mischief, nuisance; machinations of the devil, Pandora's box, ills that flesh is heir to.
	blow, buffet, stroke, scratch, bruise, wound, gash, mutilation; mortal blow, wound; immedicabile vulnus[Lat]; damage, loss &c. (deterioration) 659.
	disadvantage, prejudice, drawback.
	disaster, accident, casualty; mishap &c. (misfortune) 735; bad job, devil to pay; calamity, bale, catastrophe, tragedy; ruin &c. (destruction) 162; adversity &c. 735.
	mental suffering &c. 828.
	[Evil spirit] demon &c. 980.
	[Cause of evil] bane &c. 663.
	[Production of evil] badness &c. 649; painfulness &c. 830; evil doer &c. 913.
	outrage, wrong, injury, foul play; bad turn, ill turn; disservice, spoliation &c. 791; grievance, crying evil.
	V. be in trouble &c. (adversity) 735.
	Adj. disastrous, bad &c. 649; awry, out of joint; disadvantageous.
	Adv. amis[Fr], wrong, ill, to one's cost
	Phr. "moving accidents by flood and field" [Othello].

M7.1.2.1.1.3  Pursuit (R622)
	#622. [Purpose in action.] Pursuit -- N. pursuit; pursuing &c. v.; prosecution; pursuance; enterprise &c. (undertaking) 676; business &c. 625; adventure &c. (essay) 675; quest &c. (search) 461; scramble, hue and cry, game; hobby; still-hunt.
	chase, hunt, battue[obs3], race, steeple chase, hunting, coursing; venation, venery; fox chase; sport, sporting; shooting, angling, fishing, hawking; shikar[Geogloc:India].
	pursuer; hunter, huntsman; shikari[Geogloc:India], sportsman, Nimrod; hound &c. 366.
	V. pursue, prosecute, follow; run after, make after, be after, hunt after, prowl after; shadow; carry on &c. (do) 680; engage in &c. (undertake) 676; set about &c. (begin) 66; endeavor &c. 675; court &c. (request) 765 seek &c. (search) 461; aim at &c. (intention) 620; follow the trail &c. (trace) 461; fish for &c. (experiment) 463; press on &c. (haste) 684; run a race &c. (velocity) 274.
	chase, give chase, course, dog, hunt, hound; tread on the heels, follow on the heels of, &c. (sequence) 281.
	rush upon; rush headlong &c. (violence) 173 ride full tilt at, run full tilt at; make a leap at, jump at, snatch at run down; start game.
	tread a path; take a course, hold- a course; shape one's steps, direct one's steps, bend one's steps, course; play a game; fight one's way, elbow one's way; follow up; take to, take up; go in for; ride one's hobby.
	Adj. pursuing &c. v.; in quest of &c. (inquiry) 461 in pursuit, in full cry, in hot pursuit; on the scent.
	Adv. in pursuance of &c. (intention) 620; after.
	Int. tallyho! yoicks! soho[obs3]!

M7.1.2.1.1.4  Avoidance  (R623)
	#623. [Absence of pursuit.] Avoidance. -- N. abstention, abstinence; for bearance[obs3]; refraining &c. v.; inaction &c. 681; neutrality.
	avoidance, evasion, elusion; seclusion &c. 893.
	avolation[obs1], flight; escape &c. 671; retreat &c. 287; recoil &c. 277; departure &c. 293; rejection &c. 610.
	shirker &c. v.; truant; fugitive, refugee; runaway, runagate; maroon.
	V. abstain, refrain, spare, not attempt; not do &c. 681; maintain the even tenor of one's way.
	eschew, keep from, let alone, have nothing to do with; keep aloof keep off, stand aloof, stand off, hold aloof, hold off; take no part in, have no hand in.
	avoid, shun; steer clear of, keep clear of; fight shy of; keep one's distance, keep at a respectful distance; keep out of the way, get out of the way; evade, elude, turn away from; set one's face against &c. (oppose) 708; deny oneself.
	shrink back; hang back, hold back, draw back; recoil &c. 277; retire &c. (recede) 287; flinch, blink, blench, shy, shirk, dodge, parry, make way for, give place to.
	[ref: 293 (departure)][P.2.4.1.4] retreat, flee.
	[ref] abandon &c. 624; reject &c. 610.
	lead one a dance, lead one a pretty dance; throw off the scent, play at hide and seek.
	Adj. unsought, unattempted; avoiding &c. v.; neutral, shy of &c. (unwilling) 603; elusive, evasive; fugitive, runaway; shy, wild.
	Adv. lest, in order to avoid.
	Int. forbear! keep off, hands off! sauve qui peut[Fr]! [French: every man for himself]; devil take the hindmost!
	Phr. "things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme" [Paradise Lost].

M7.1.2.1.1.5  Relinquishment (R624).
	#624. Relinquishment. -- N. relinquishment, abandonment; desertion, defection, secession, withdrawal, abnegation; cave of Adullam[obs3]; nolle prosequi[Lat].
	discontinuance &c. (cessation) 142; renunciation &c. (recantation) 607; abrogation &c. 756; resignation &c. (retirement) 757; desuetude &c. 614; cession &c. (of property) 782.
	V. relinquish, give up, abandon, desert, abnegate, forsake, leave in the lurch; go back on; depart from, secede from, withdraw from; back out of; leave, quit, take leave of, bid a long farewell; vacate &c. (resign) 757.
	renounce &c. (abjure) 607; forego, have done with, drop; disuse &c. 678; discard &c. 782; wash one's hands of; drop all idea of.
	break off, leave off; desist; stop &c. (cease) 142; hold one's hand, stay one's hand; quit one's hold; give over, shut up shop.
	throw up the game, throw up the cards; give up the point, give up the argument; pass to the order of the day, move to the previous question.
	Adj. unpursued[obs3]; relinquished &c. v.; relinquishing &c. v.
	Int. avast! &c. (stop) 142.
	Phr. aufgeschoben ist nicht aufgehoben[Ger]; entbehre gern was du nicht hast[Ger].

M7.1.2.2  Absence of motive  (R621, R615a)

	#615a. Absence of Motive. -- N. absence of motive, aimlessness;  caprice &c. 608; chance &c. (absence of design) 621.
	V. have no motive; scruple &c. (be unwilling) 603.
	Adj. without rhyme or reason; aimless, capricious, whimsical &c. (chance) 621.
	Adv. out of mere caprice.

	#621. [Absence of purpose in the succession of events] Chance. 2 -- N. chance &c. 156; lot, fate &c. (necessity) 601; luck; good luck &c. (good) 618; mascot.
	speculation, venture, stake, game of chance; mere shot, random shot; blind bargain, leap in the dark; pig in a poke &c. (uncertainty) 475; fluke, potluck; faro bank; flyer*; limit.
	uncertainty; uncertainty principle, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
	drawing lots; sortilegy[obs3], sortition[obs1]; sortes[obs3], sortes Virgilianae[obs3]; rouge et noir[Fr], hazard, ante, chuck-a-luck, crack-loo [obs3][U.S.], craps, faro, roulette, pitch and toss, chuck, farthing, cup tossing, heads or tails cross and pile, poker-dice; wager; bet, betting; gambling; the turf.
	gaming house, gambling house, betting house; bucket shop; gambling joint; totalizator, totalizer; hell; betting ring; dice, dice box.
	[person who takes chances] gambler, gamester; man of the turf; adventurer; dicer[obs2].
	V. chance &c. (hap) 156; stand a chance &c. (be possible) 470.
	toss up; cast lots, draw lots; leave to chance, trust to chance, leave to the chapter of accidents, trust to the chapter of accidents; tempt fortune; chance it, take one's chance, take a shot at it (attempt) 675; run the risk, run the chance, incur the risk, incur the chance, encounter the risk, encounter the chance; stand the hazard of the die.
	speculate, try one's luck, set on a cast, raffle, put into a lottery, buy a pig in a poke, shuffle the cards.
	risk, venture, hazard, stake; ante; lay, lay a wager; make a bet, wager, bet, gamble, game, play for; play at chuck farthing.
	Adj. fortuitous &c. 156; unintentional, unintended; accidental; not meant; undesigned, purposed; unpremeditated &c. 612; unforeseen, uncontemplated, never thought of.
	random, indiscriminate, promiscuous; undirected; aimless, driftless[obs3], designless[obs3], purposeless, causeless; without purpose.
	possible &c. 470.
	unforeseeable, unpredictable, chancy, risky, speculative, dicey.
	Adv. randomly, by chance, fortuitously; unpredictably, unforeseeably; casually &c. 156; unintentionally &c. adj.; unwittingly.
	en passant[Fr], by the way, incidentally; as it may happen; at random, at a venture, at haphazard.
	Phr. acierta errando[Lat]; dextro tempore[Lat]; "fearful concatenation of circumstances" [D. Webster]; "fortuitous combination of circumstances" [Dickens]; le jeu est le fils d'avarice et le pere du desespoir[Fr];  "the happy combination of fortuitous circumstances" [Scott]; "the fortuitous or casual concourse of atoms" [Bentley]; "God does not play dice with the universe" [A. Einstein].

M7.1.2.1.3  External INfluences of Volition R616 R617 R744 {{has_subtype(motive, M7.1.2.1)}}
<--
		616a  Persuasion			616. Dissuasion
		617.   Plea			
		744.   compulsion
  (note that persuasion is distinugished from motive generally, where it was placed in Roget.  Here persuasion is a motive primarily caused by other people, but sometimes caused by external events.) -->
<-- "lure" here occurs in 2 different senses; one (decoy) is also a physical object as well as an abstract idea -->
	#616a.  Persuasion  -- N. persuasion, suasion; encouragement, advocacy; exhortation, inducement, urging; blandishment, cajolery; seduction, seducement.
	temptation, enticement, lure, agacerie[obs3], allurement.
	attraction, consideration; fascination; allectation[obs1], allective[obs1]; witchery, bewitchment, bewitchery; charm; spell &c. 993.
	honeyed words, voice of the tempter, song of the Sirens forbidden fruit, golden apple.
	{{has_metaphor(attraction)}} loadstone; magnet, magnetism, magnetic force.
	influence, pull[coll]; prompting, dictate, instance.
	impulse, impulsion; incitement, incitation; press, instigation; provocation &c. (excitation of feeling) 824; inspiration; advice &c. 695; solicitation &c. (request) 765.
	lobbying, lobbyism.
	incentive, stimulus, spur, fillip, whip, goad, ankus[obs3], rowel, provocative, whet, dram.
	lure,  bait; decoy, decoy duck; trail of a red herring.
	bribe; bribery and corruption; sop, sop for Cerberus.
	{{has_obj_requirement}} persuasibility[obs3], persuasibleness[obs3]; attractability[obs3]; impressibility, susceptibility; softness.
	{{has_subj_requirement}}{{has_trait(persuader,P2.3.2.3.2.5.56)}} persuasiveness, attractiveness; tantalization[obs3].
	{{performed_by: persuader, prompter, tempter; lobbyist; seducer, seductor[obs3]; instigator, firebrand, incendiary, P2.3.2.3.2.5.56 Persuader }}.
	V. induce, move; draw, draw on; bring in its train, give an impulse &c. n.; to; inspire; put up to, prompt, call up; attract, beckon.
	persuade; prevail with, prevail upon; overcome, carry; bring round to one's senses, bring to one's senses; draw over, win over, gain over, come over, talk over; procure, enlist, engage; invite, court.
	lobby.
	tempt, seduce, overpersuade[obs3], entice, allure, captivate, fascinate, bewitch, carry away, charm, conciliate, wheedle, coax, lure; inveigle; tantalize; cajole &c. (deceive) 545.
	tamper with, bribe, suborn, grease the palm, bait with a silver hook, gild the pill, sugar-coat the pill, make things pleasant, put a sop into the pan, throw a sop to, bait the hook.
	enforce, force; impel &c. (push) 276; propel &c. 284; whip, lash, goad, spur, prick, urge; egg on, hound , hurry on; drag &c. 285; exhort; advise &c. 695; call upon &c. press &c. (request) 765; advocate.
	set an example, set the fashion; keep in countenance.
	be persuaded &c.; yield to temptation, come round; concede &c. (consent) 762; obey a call; follow advice, follow the bent, follow the dictates of; act on principle.
	Adj. persuasive, suasive, suasory[obs3], persuasory[obs3], hortative, hortatory; protreptical[obs1]; inviting, tempting, &c. v.;  seductive, attractive; fascinating &c. (pleasing) 829; provocative &c. (exciting) 824.
	induced &c. v.; disposed.
	easily persuaded; persuadable &c. (docile) 602; spellbound; instinct with, smitten with, infatuated; inspired &c. v. by.

	#616. Dissuasion. -- N. dissuasion, dehortation[obs3], expostulation, remonstrance; deprecation &c. 766.
	discouragement, damper, wet blanket; disillusionment, disenchantment.
	cohibition &c. (restraint) 751[obs3]; curb &c. (means of restraint) 752; check &c. (hindrance) 706.
	reluctance &c. (unwillingness) 603; contraindication.
	V. dissuade, dehort[obs3], cry out against, remonstrate, expostulate, warn, contraindicate.
	disincline, indispose, shake, stagger; dispirit; discourage, dishearten; deter; repress, hold back, keep back &c. (restrain) 751; render averse &c. 603; repel; turn aside &c. (deviation) 279; wean from; act as a drag &c. (hinder) 706; throw cold water on, damp, cool, chill, blunt, calm, quiet, quench; deprecate &c. 766.
	disenchant, ,disillusion, deflate, take down a peg, pop one's balloon, prick one's balloon, burst one's bubble; disabuse (correction) 527a. 
	Adj. dissuading &c. v.; dissuasive; dehortatory[obs3], expostulatory[obs3]; monitive[obs1], monitory.
	dissuaded &c. v.; admonitory; uninduced &c. (induce &c. 615); unpersuadable &c. (obstinate) 606; averse &c. (unwilling) 603; repugnant &c. (dislike) 867.
	repressed.

	#617. [Ostensible motive, ground, or reason assigned.] Pretext. -- N.  pretext, pretense, pretension, plea[obs1]; allegation, advocation; ostensible motive, ostensible ground, ostensible reason, phony reason; excuse &c. (vindication) 937; subterfuge; color; gloss, guise, cover.
	loop hole, starting hole; how to creep out of, salvo, come off; way of escape.
	handle, peg to hang on, room locus standi[Lat]; stalking-horse, cheval de bataille[Fr], cue.
	pretense &c. (untruth) 546; put off, dust thrown in the eyes; blind; moonshine; mere pretext, shallow pretext; lame excuse, lame apology; tub to a whale; false plea, sour grapes; makeshift, shift, white lie; special pleading &c. (sophistry) 477; soft sawder &c. (flattery) 933[obs3].
	V. pretend, plead, allege; shelter oneself under the plea of; excuse &c. (vindicate) 937; lend a color to; furnish a handle &c. n.; make a pretext of, make a handle of; use as a plea &c. n.; take one's stand upon, make capital out of , pretend &c. (lie) 544.
	Adj. ostensibly &c. (manifest) 525; alleged, apologetic; pretended &c. 545. 
	Adv. ostensibly; under color; under the plea, under the pretense of, under the guise of.

	#744. Compulsion.-- N. compulsion, coercion, coaction[obs3], constraint, duress, enforcement; press, conscription.
	force; brute force, main force, physical force; the sword, ultima ratio[Lat]; club law, lynch law, mob law, arguementum baculinum[obs3], le droit du plus fort[Fr], martial law.
	restraint &c. 751; necessity &c. 601; force majeure[Fr]; Hobson's choice.
	{{&method_for: authority, R737}}.
	V. compel, force, make, drive, coerce, constrain, enforce, necessitate, oblige.
	force upon, press; cram down the throat, thrust down the throat, force down the throat; say it must be done, make a point of, insist upon, take no denial; put down.
	conscript, impress, dragoon, draft.
	extort, wring from; squeeze, put on the squeeze; put on the screws, turn on the screw; drag into; bind, bind over; pin down, tie down; require, tax, put in force; commandeer; restrain &c. 751.
	Adj. compelling &c. v.; coercive, coactive[obs3]; inexorable &c. 739; compulsory, compulsatory[obs3]; obligatory, stringent, peremptory.
	forcible, not to be trifled with; irresistible &c. 601; compelled &c. v.; fain to.
	Adv. by force &c. n., by force of arms; on compulsion, perforce; vi et armis[Lat], under the lash; at the point of the sword, at the point of the bayonet; forcibly; by a strong arm.
	under protest, in spite of one's teeth; against one's will &c. 603; nolens volens [Lat] &c. (of necessity) 601; by stress of circumstances, by stress of weather; under press of; de rigueur.
	with a gun to one's head.
	willy-nilly.
	Phr. "I'll make him an offer he can't refuse".

M7.2  Prospective Volition (R625 to R679)
M7.2.1 . Conceptional volition R625 to R630
<--  	625.	Business
		626.	Plan
		627.	Method
		628.	Mid-course				629. Circuit
		630.	Requirement
-->
	#625. Business. -- N. business, occupation, employment; pursuit &c. 622; what one is doing, what one is about; affair, concern, matter, case.
	matter in hand, irons in the fire; thing to do, agendum, task, work, job, chore [U.S.], errand, commission, mission, charge, care; duty &c. 926.
	part, role, cue; province, function, lookout, department, capacity, sphere, orb, field, line; walk, walk of life; beat, round, routine; race, career.
	office, place, post, chargeship[obs3], incumbency, living; situation, berth, employ; service &c. (servitude) 749; engagement; undertaking &c. 676.
	vocation, calling, profession, cloth, faculty; industry, art; industrial arts; craft, mystery, handicraft; trade &c. (commerce) 794.
	exercise; work &c. (action) 680; avocation; press of business &c. (activity) 682.
	V.  pass one's time in, employ one's time in, spend one's time in; employ oneself in, employ oneself upon; occupy oneself with, concern oneself with; make it one's business &c. n.; undertake &c. 676; enter a profession; betake oneself to, turn one's hand to; have to do with &c. (do) 680.
	office, place, post, chargeship[obs3], incumbency, living; situation, berth, employ; service &c. (servitude) 749; engagement; undertaking &c. 676.
	drive a trade; carry on a trade, do a trade, transact a trade, carry on business, do business, transact business &c. n.; keep a shop; ply one's task, ply one's trade; labor in one's vocation; pursue the even tenor of one's way; attend to business, attend to one's work.
	officiate, serve, act; act one's part, play one's part; do duty; serve the office of, discharge the office of, perform the office of, perform the duties of, perform the functions of; hold an office, fill an office, fill a place, fill a situation; hold a portfolio, hold a place, hold a situation.
	be about, be doing, be engaged in, be employed in, be occupied with, be at work on; have one's hands in, have in hand; have on one's hands, have on one's  shoulders; bear the burden; have one's hands full &c. (activity) 682.
	be in the hands of, be on the stocks, be on the anvil; pass through one's hands. 
	Adj. businesslike; workaday; professional; official, functional; busy &c. (actively employed) 682; on hand, in hand, in one's hands; afoot; on foot, on the anvil; going on; acting.
	Adv. in the course of business, all in one's day's work; professionally &c. adj.
	Phr. "a business with an income at its heels" [Cowper];  amoto quaeramus seria ludo [Lat][Horace]; par negotiis neque supra [Lat][Tacitus].

[[plan]]
	#626. Plan. -- N. plan, scheme, design, project.
	proposal, proposition, suggestion; resolution, motion; precaution &c. (provision) 673; deep-laid plan &c. (premeditated) 611;
	system &c. (order) 58; organization &c. (arrangement) 60; germ &c. (cause) 153.
	sketch, skeleton, outline, draught, draft, ebauche[Fr], brouillon[Fr]; rough cast, rough draft, draught copy; copy; proof, revise.
	drawing, scheme, schematic, graphic, chart, flow chart (representation) 554.
	forecast, program(me), prospectus; carte du pays[Fr]; card; bill, protocol; order of the day, list of agenda; bill of fare &c. (food) 298; base of operations; platform, plank, slate [U. S.], ticket [U. S.].
	role; policy &c. (line of conduct) 692.
	contrivance, invention, expedient, receipt, nostrum, artifice, device; pipelaying [U. S.]; stratagem &c. (cunning) 702; trick &c. (deception) 545; alternative, loophole; shift &c. (substitute) 147; last shift &c. (necessity) 601.
	measure, step; stroke, stroke of policy; master stroke; trump card, court card; cheval de bataille[Fr], great gun; coup, coup d'etat[Fr]; clever stroke, bold stroke, good move, good hit, good stroke; bright thought, bright idea.
	intrigue, cabal, plot, conspiracy, complot[obs3], machination; subplot, underplot[obs3], counterplot.
	schemer, schemist[obs3], schematist[obs1]; strategist, machinator; projector, artist, promoter, designer &c. v.; conspirator; intrigant &c. (cunning) 702[obs3].
	V. plan,,scheme, design, frame, contrive, project, forecast, sketch; devise, invent &c. (imagine) 515; set one's wits to work &c. 515; spring a project; fall upon, hit upon; strike out, chalk out, cut out, lay out, map out; lay down a plan; shape out a course, mark out a course; predetermine &c. 611; concert, preconcert, preestablish; prepare &c. 673; hatch, hatch a plot concoct; take steps, take measures.
	cast, recast, systematize, organize; arrange &c. 60; digest, mature.
	plot; counter-plot, counter-mine; dig a mine; lay a train; intrigue &c. (cunning) 702.
	Adj. planned &c. v.; strategic, strategical; planning &c. v.; prepared, in course of preparation &c. 673; under consideration; on the tapis[obs3], on the carpet, on the floor.

[[path]]
	#627. Path.  -- N. path, road, route, course; line of way, line of road; trajectory, orbit, track, beat, tack.
	{[in_frame(conduct, R692): method, way, procedure, manner, wise, gait, form, mode, fashion, tone, guise; , modus operandi, MO]}.
	steps; stair, staircase; flight of stairs, ladder, stile; perron[obs3].
	bridge, footbridge, viaduct, pontoon, steppingstone, plank, gangway; drawbridge; pass, ford, ferry, tunnel; pipe &c. 260.
	door; gateway &c. (opening) 260; channel, passage, avenue, means of access, approach, adit[obs3]; artery, lane, alley, aisle, lobby, corridor; back-door, back-stairs; secret passage; covert way; vennel[obs3].
	roadway, pathway, stairway; express; thoroughfare; highway; turnpike , freeway,  royal road, coach road; broad highway, King's highway, Queen's highway; beaten track, beaten path; horse road, bridle road, bridle track, bridle path; walk, trottoir[obs3], footpath, pavement, flags, sidewalk; crossroad, byroad, bypath, byway;  carrefour[obs3]; private road, occupation road; highways and byways; railroad, railway, tram road, tramway; towpath; causeway; canal &c. (conduit) 350; street &c. (abode) 189; speedway.
	cut; short cut &c. (mid-course) 628.
	Adv. by way of; via; in transitu[Lat] &c. 270; on the high road to.
	Phr. hae tibi erunt artes[Lat].

	#628. Mid-course. -- N. middle course, mid-course; mean &c. 29 middle &c. 68; juste milieu[Fr], mezzo termine[It], golden mean,
<gr/ariston metron/gr>[obs3][Grk], aurea mediocritas[Lat].
	{{has_property(nearness, R197)}} {{has_property(directness)}} straight  course, straight path, direct course, direct route; short cut, cross cut; great circle sailing.
	neutrality; half measure, half and half measures; compromise.
	V. keep in a middle course, preserve a middle course, preserve an even course, go straight &c. (direct) 278.
	go halfway, compromise, make a compromise.
	Adj. straight &c. (direct) 278.
	Phr. medium tenuere beati[Lat].

	#629. Detour, Circuit. -- N. detour, circuit, roundabout way, digression, circumbendibus, ambages[obs3], loop; winding &c. (circuition) 311; zigzag &c. (deviation) 279.
	side trip; scenic route.
	V. perform a circuit; go round about, go out of one's way; make a detour; take a side trip, take the scenic route; meander &c. (deviate) 279.
	lead a pretty dance; beat about the bush; make two bites of a cherry.
	Adj. circuitous, indirect, roundabout, out of the way; zigzag &c. (deviating) 279; backhanded.
	Adv. circuitously, indirectly, by a side wind, by an indirect course; in a roundabout way; from pillar to post.

	#630. Requirement. -- N.  requirement, need, wants, necessities; necessaries, necessaries of life; stress, exigency,pinch, sine qua non, matter of necessity; case of need, case of life or death.
	needfulness, essentiality, necessity, indispensability, urgency.
	requisition &c. (request) 765, (exaction) 741; run upon; demand, call for.
	charge, claim, command, injunction, mandate, order, precept.
	desideratum &c. (desire) 865; want &c. (deficiency) 640.
	V. require, need, want, have occasion for; not be able to do without, not be able to dispense with; prerequire.
	render necessary, necessitate, create a, necessity for, call for, put in requisition; make a requisition &c. (ask for) 765, (demand) 741.
	stand in need of; lack &c. 640; desiderate[obs3]; desire &c. 865; be necessary &c. adj.
	Adj. required &c. v.; requisite, needful, necessary, imperative, essential, indispensable, prerequisite; called for; in demand, in request.
	urgent, exigent, pressing, instant, crying, absorbing.
	in want of; destitute of &c. 640.
	Adv. ex necessitate rei &c. (necessarily) 601[Lat]; of necessity.
	Phr. there is no time to lose; it cannot be spared, it cannot be dispensed with; mendacem memorem esse oportet [Lat][Quintilian]; necessitas non habet legem[Lat]; nec tecum possum trivere nec sine te [Lat][Martial].

<--  &&  entire next section may need relocation.  Objects to objects, methods to methods, quantities to quantities -->

M7.2.2    Subservience to Ends.
M7.2.2.1   Actual  Subservience  R631 to R641
M7.2.2.1.1   objects and actions related to ends  R639 to R641
<--  	631.	Instrumentality
		632.	Means
Note: 	633.	Instrument  moved to P2.3.1.3.12   instrument 
		634.	Substitute
	-	635.	Materials
 		636.	Store
		637.	Provision					638. Waste
					639.	Sufficiency
		641	Redundance				640. Insufficiency
-->
	#631. Instrumentality. -- N. instrumentality; aid &c. 707; subservience, subserviency; mediation, intervention, medium, intermedium[obs3], vehicle, hand; agency &c. 170.
	minister, handmaid; midwife, accoucheur[Fr], accoucheuse[Fr], obstetrician; go-between; cat's-paw; stepping-stone.
	opener &c. 260; key; master key, passkey, latchkey; " open sesame "; passport, passe-partout, safe-conduct, password.
	{{has_subtype: @633, @P2.3.1.3.12,  instrument, tool, device}}.
	expedient &c. (plan) 626; means &c. 632.
	V. subserve, minister, mediate, intervene; be instrumental &c. adj.; pander to; officiate; tend.
	Adj. instrumental; useful &c. 644; ministerial, subservient, mediatorial[obs3]; intermediate, intervening; conducive.
	Adv. through, by, per; whereby, thereby, hereby; by the agency of &c. 170; by dint of; by virtue of, in virtue of; through the medium of &c. n.; along with; on the shoulders of; by means of &c. 632; by the aid of, with the aid of &c. (assistance) 707.

	per fas et nefas[Lat], by fair means or foul; somehow, somehow or other; by hook or by crook.

	#632. Means. -- N. means, resources, wherewithal, ways and means; capital &c. (money) 800; revenue; stock in trade &c. 636; provision &c. 637; a shot in the locker; appliances &c. (machinery) 633; means and appliances; conveniences; cards to play; expedients &c. (measures) 626; two strings to one's bow; sheet anchor &c. (safety) 666; aid &c. 707; medium &c. 631..
	V. find means, have means, possess means &c. n.
	Adj. instrumental &c. 631; mechanical &c. 633.
	Adv. by means of, with; by what means, by all means, by any means, by some means; wherewith, herewith, therewith; wherewithal.
	how &c. (in what manner) 627; through &c. (by the instrumentality of) 631; with the aid of, by the aid of &c. (assistance) 707; by the agency of &c. 170

<-- R633, instrument, moved to physical objects, instrument, P2.3.1.3.12   instrument -->

	#634. Substitute. -- N. substitute &c. 147; deputy &c. 759; badli[obs3].

<-- R635 materials to P2.1.2  specific materials -->

<-- the followiing entry combined the location of storage and teh item stored! -->
	#636. Store. -- N. stock, fund, mine, vein, lode, quarry; spring; fount, fountain; well, wellspring; milch cow.
	stock in trade, supply; heap &c. (collection) 72; treasure; reserve, corps de reserve, reserved fund, nest egg, savings, bonne bouche[Fr].
	crop, harvest, mow, vintage.
	store, accumulation, hoard, rick, stack; lumber; relay &c. (provision) 637.
	conservation; storing &c. v.; storage.
	V. store; put by, lay by, set by; stow away; set apart, lay apart; store treasure, hoard treasure, lay up, heap up, put up, garner up, save up; bank; cache; accumulate, amass, hoard, fund, garner, save.
	reserve; keep back, hold back; husband, husband one's resources.
	deposit; stow, stack, load; harvest; heap, collect &c. 72; lay in store &c.
	Adj.; keep, file [papers]; lay in &c. (provide) 637; preserve &c. 670.
	Adj. stored &c. v. ; in store, in reserve, in ordinary; spare, supernumerary.
	Phr. adde parvum parvo magnus acervus erit[Lat].

	#636. Storehouse. -- N. 
	storehouse, storeroom, storecloset[obs3]; depository, depot, cache, repository, repertory, repertorium[obs3], reservatory[obs3]; warehouse, entrepot[Fr], magazine, lager, promptuary[obs3].
	{{contained_in(food)}}buttery, larder, pantry, spence[obs3].
	garner, granary; cannery[obs2].
	{{contained_in(money/valuables)}} bank vault, safe-deposit vault, safe-deposit box, stillroom[obs3].
	{{contained_in(weapons)}} armory; arsenal, powder-house, gun room, ammunition depot, ammunition dump.
	dock.
	{{function_of(display)}} gallery, museum, conservatory; menagery[obs3], menagerie.
	{{contained_in(money/valuables)}} treasury, thesaurus; bank &c. (treasury) 802.
	{{contained_in(water)}} {{has_subtype(Lake, R343a, P2.3.1.1.6.1.1.3)}} reservoir.
	{{contained_in(water)}} cistern, aljibar[obs3], tank, pond, mill pond; gasometer[obs3].
	{{contained_in(ammunition)}} quiver, bandolier, heersporn.
	pouch, budget, portfolio; coffer &c. (receptacle) 191.

	#637. Provision. -- N. provision, supply;  grist, grist for the mill; subvention &c. (aid) 707; resources &c. (means) 632; groceries, grocery.
	providing &c. v.; purveyance; reinforcement, reenforcement[obs3]; commissariat.
	provender &c. (food) 298; ensilage; viaticum.
	caterer, purveyor, commissary, quartermaster, manciple[obs3], feeder, batman, victualer, grocer,  comprador[Sp], restaurateur; jackal, pelican; sutler &c. (merchant) 797[obs3].
	grocery shop [U. S.], grocery store.
	V. provide; make provision, make due provision for; lay in, lay in a stock, lay in a store.
	supply, suppeditate[obs1]; furnish; find, find one in; arm.
	cater, victual, provision, purvey, forage; beat up for; stock, stock with; make good, replenish; fill, fill up; recruit, feed. 
	have in store, have in reserve; keep, keep by one, keep on foot, keep on hand; have to fall back upon; store &c. 636; provide against a rainy day &c. (economy) 817.

	#638. Waste. -- N. consumption, expenditure, exhaustion; dispersion &c. 73; ebb; leakage &c. (exudation) 295; loss &c. 776; wear and tear; waste; prodigality &c. 818; misuse &c. 679; wasting &c. v.; rubbish &c. (useless) 645. mountain in labor.
	V. spend, expend, use, consume, swallow up, exhaust; impoverish; spill, drain, empty; disperse &c. 73.
	cast away, fool away, muddle away, throw away, fling away, fritter away,; burn the candle at both ends, waste; squander &c. 818.
	" waste its sweetness on the desert air " [Gray]; cast one's bread upon the waters, cast pearls before swine; employ a steam engine to crack a nut, waste powder and shot, break a butterfly on a wheel; labor in vain &c. (useless) 645; cut blocks with a razor, pour water into a sieve.
	leak &c. (run out) 295; run to waste; ebb; melt away, run dry, dry up.
	Adj. wasted &c. v.; at a low ebb.
	wasteful &c. (prodigal) 818; penny wise and pound foolish.
	{{similar_to: excessive, immoderate, monstrous, preposterous, inordinate, exorbitant, excessive, enormous, outrageous, @R31, A3.2}}.
	Adv. wastefully, prodigally.
	{{similar_to: excessively, immoderately, monstrously, preposterously, inordinately, exorbitantly, excessively, enormously, out of all proportion, outrageously, with a vengeance; value &c. (goodness) 648}}.
	Phr. magno conatu magnas nugas[Lat]; le jeu ne vaut pas la chandelle[Fr]; " idly busy rolls their world away " [Goldsmith].

	#639. Sufficiency. -- N. sufficiency, adequacy, enough, withal, satisfaction, competence; no less; quantum sufficit[Lat], Q.S..
	mediocrity &c. (average) 29.
	fill; fullness &c. (completeness) 52; plenitude, plenty; abundance; copiousness &c. Adj.; amplitude, galore, lots, profusion; full measure; " good measure pressed down and running, over." luxuriance &c. (fertility) 168; affluence &c. (wealth) 803; fat of the land; "a land flowing with milk and honey";  cornucopia; horn of plenty, horn of Amalthaea; mine &c. (stock) 636.
	outpouring; flood &c. (great quantity) 31; tide &c. (river) 348; repletion &c. (redundancy) 641; satiety &c. 869.
	V. be sufficient &c. Adj.; suffice, do, just do, satisfy, pass muster; have enough &c. n.; eat. one's fill, drink one's fill, have one's fill; roll in, swim in; wallow in &c. (superabundance) 641 ; wanton.
	abound, exuberate, teem, flow, stream, rain, shower down; pour, pour in; swarm; bristle with; superabound.
	render sufficient &c. adj.; replenish &c. (fill) 52.
	Adj. sufficient, enough, adequate, up to the mark, commensurate, competent, satisfactory, valid, tangible.
	measured; moderate &c. (temperate) 953.
	full.&c. (complete) 52; ample; plenty, plentiful, plenteous; plenty as blackberries; copious, abundant; abounding &c. v.; replete, enough and to spare, flush; choke-full, chock-full; well-stocked, well-provided; liberal; unstinted, unstinting; stintless[obs3]; without stint; unsparing,  unmeasured; lavish &c. 641; wholesale.
	rich; luxuriant &c. (fertile) 168; affluent &c. (wealthy) 803; wantless[obs3]; big with &c. (pregnant) 161.
	unexhausted[obs3], unwasted[obs3]; exhaustless, inexhaustible.
	Adv. sufficiently, amply &c. adj.; full; in abundance &c. n. with no sparing hand; to one's heart's content, ad libitum, without stint.
	Phr. " cut and come again " [Crabbe]; das Beste ist gut genug[Ger].

	#640. Insufficiency. -- N. {{is_a: quantity}}
	insufficiency; inadequacy, inadequateness; incompetence &c. (impotence) 158; deficiency &c. (incompleteness) 53; imperfection &c. 651; shortcoming &c. 304; paucity; stint; scantiness &c. (smallness) 32; none to spare, bare subsistence.
	scarcity, dearth; want, need, lack, poverty, exigency; inanition, starvation, famine, drought.
	dole, mite, pittance; short allowance, short commons; half rations; banyan day.
	emptiness, poorness &c. adj.; depletion, vacancy, flaccidity; ebb tide; low water; " a beggarly account of empty boxes " [Romeo and Juliet]; indigence &c. 804; insolvency &c. (nonpayment) 808.

	V. be insufficient &c. adj.; not suffice &c. 639; come short of &c. 304 run dry.
	want, lack, need, require; caret; be in want &c. (poor) 804, live from hand to mouth.
	render insufficient &c. adj.; drain of resources, impoverish &c. (waste) 638; stint &c. (begrudge) 819; put on short allowance.
	do insufficiently &c. adv.; scotch the snake.
	Adj. insufficient, inadequate; too little &c. 32; not enough &c. 639; unequal to; incompetent &c. (impotent) 158; " weighed in the balance and found wanting "; perfunctory &c. (neglect) 460; deficient &c. (incomplete) 53; wanting, &c. v.; imperfect &c. 651; ill-furnished, ill-provided, ill-stored, ill-off.
	slack, at a low ebb; empty, vacant, bare; short of, out of, destitute of, devoid of , bereft of &c. 789;  denuded of; dry, drained.
	unprovided, unsupplied[obs3], unfurnished; unreplenished, unfed[obs3]; unstored[obs3], untreasured[obs3]; empty-handed.
	meager, poor, thin, scrimp, sparing, spare, stinted; starved, starving; half-starved, famine-stricken, famished; jejune.
	scant &c. (small) 32; scarce; not to be had, not to be had for love or money, not to be had at any price; scurvy; stingy &c. 819; at the end of one's tether; without resources &c. 632; in want &c. (poor) 804; in debt &c. 806.
	Adv. insufficiently &c. adj.; in default of, for want of; failing.
	{{similar_to: almost &c. @R34, A3.2}}.
	Phr. semper avarus eget [Lat][Horace].

	#641. Redundancy. -- N. {{is_a: quantity}}
	redundancy, redundance[obs3]; too much, too many; superabundance, superfluity, superfluence[obs1], saturation; nimiety[obs3], transcendency, exuberance, profuseness; profusion &c. (plenty) 639; repletion, enough in all conscience, satis superque[Lat], lion's share; more than enough &c. 639; plethora, engorgement, congestion, load, surfeit, sickener[obs3]; turgescence &c. (expansion) 194[obs3]; overdose, overmeasure[obs3], oversupply, overflow; inundation &c. (water) 348; avalanche.
	accumulation &c. (store) 636; heap &c. 72.
	drug, drug in the market, drug on the market, glut; crowd; burden.
	excess; surplus, overplus[obs3]; epact[obs3]; margin; remainder &c. 40; duplicate; surplusage[obs3], expletive; work of supererogation.
	{[of(money, R800)]} bonus, bonanza, windfall.
	luxury; intemperance &c. 954; extravagance &c. (prodigality) 818; exorbitance, lavishment[obs3].
	pleonasm &c. (diffuseness) 573; too many irons in the fire; an embarassment of riches, embarras de richesses[Fr].
	V. superabound, overabound[obs3]; know no bounds, swarm; meet one at every turn; creep with, crawl with, bristle with; overflow; run over, flow over, well over, brim over; run riot; overrun, overstock, overlay, overcharge, overdose, overfeed, overburden, overload, overdo, overwhelm, overshoot the mark &c. (go beyond) 303;  surcharge, supersaturate, gorge, glut, load, drench, whelm, inundate, deluge, flood; drug, drug the market; hepatize[obs3].
	choke, cloy, accloy[obs3], suffocate; pile up, lay on thick; impregnate with; lavish &c. (squander) 818.
	send coals to Newcastle, carry coals to Newcastle, carry owls to Athens; teach one's grandmother to suck eggs; pisces natare docere[Lat];.kill the slain, " gild refined gold", "gild the lily", butter one's bread on both sides, put butter upon bacon; employ a steam engine to crack a nut &c. (waste) 638.
	exaggerate &c. 549; wallow in roll in &c. (plenty) 639 remain on one's hands, hang heavy on hand, go a begging.
	Adj. redundant; too much, too many; exuberant, inordinate, superabundant, excessive, overmuch, replete, profuse, lavish; prodigal &c. 818; exorbitant; overweening; extravagant; overcharged &c. v.; supersaturated, drenched, overflowing; running over, running to waste, running down.
	crammed to overflowing, filled to overflowing; gorged, ready to burst; dropsical, turgid, plethoric; obese &c. 194.
	unnecessary, needless, superfluous, supervacaneous[obs1], uncalled for.
	{{antonym_of(unnecessary): necessary, R601}}.
	to spare, in excess; over and above &c. (remainder) 40; de trop[Fr]; adscititious &c. (additional) 37; supernumerary &c. (reserve) 636; on one's hands, spare, duplicate, supererogatory, expletive; un peu fort[Fr].
	Adv. over, too, over and above; overmuch, too much; too far; without measure, beyond measure, out of measure; with . . . to spare; over head and ears; up to one's eyes, up to one's ears; extra; beyond the mark &c. (transcursion) 303; acervatim [Lat].
	Phr. it never rains but it pours; it's either feast or famine; fortuna multis dat nimium nulli satis [Lat]; "If it ain't broke, don't fix it." [Bert Lance].

M7.2.2.2  Degree of Subservience to ends r642 to r653
<--   SPECIFIC GOALS  [[ENDS]]
 &&   Many of these concepts are properties of actions, or properties of objects.  These should be cross-referenced with a "properties" section.

	642.	Importance				643. Unimportance
		644.	Utility					645. Inutility
		646.	Expedience				647. Inexpedience
		648.	Goodness					649. Badness
		650.	Perfection				651. Imperfection
		652.	Cleanness					653. Uncleanness
Note: the following (654 to 663) are in vitality or medicine [P2.6.4.8]
		654.	Health					655. Disease
		656.	Salubrity					657. Insalubrity
		658.	Improvement				659. Deterioration
		660.	Restoration				661. Relapse
		662.	Remedy					663. Bane
-->
	#642. Importance. -- N. importance, consequence, moment, prominence, consideration, mark, materialness.
	import, significance, concern; emphasis, interest.
	greatness &c. 31; superiority &c. 33; notability &c. (repute) 873; weight &c. (influence) 175; value &c. (goodness) 648; usefulness &c. 644.
	gravity, seriousness, solemnity; no joke, no laughing matter; pressure, urgency, stress; matter of life and death.
	memorabilia, notabilia[obs3], great doings; red-letter day.
	great thing, great point; main chance, "the be all and the end all " [Macbeth]; cardinal point; substance, gist &c. (essence) 5; sum and substance, gravamen, head and front; important part, principal part, prominent part, essential part; half the battle; sine qua non; breath of one's nostrils &c. (life) 359;cream, salt, core, kernel, heart, nucleus; keynote, keystone; corner stone; trump card &c. (device) 626; salient points.
	top sawyer, first fiddle, prima donna[Sp], chief; triton among the minnows; " it" [U.S.].
	V. be important &c. adj., be somebody, be something; import, signify, matter, boot, be an object; carry weight &c. (influence) 175; make a figure &c. (repute) 873; be in the ascendant, come to the front, lead the way, take the lead, play first fiddle, throw all else into the shade; lie at the root of; deserve notice, merit notice, be worthy of notice, be worthy of regard, be worthy of consideration.
	attach importance to, ascribe importance to, give importance to &c. n.; value, care for, set store upon, set store by; mark &c. 550; mark with a white stone, underline; write in italics, put in italics, print in italics, print in capitals,print in large letters, put in large type, put in letters. of gold; accentuate, emphasize, lay stress on.
	make a fuss about, make a fuss over, make a stir about, make a piece of work about[Fr], make much ado about; make much ado of,make much of.
	Adj. important; of importance &c. n.; momentous, material; to the point; not to be overlooked, not to be despised, not to be sneezed at; egregious; weighty &c. (influential) 175; of note &c. (repute) 873; notable, prominent, salient, signal; memorable, remarkable; unforgettable; worthy of remark, worthy of notice; never to be forgotten; stirring, eventful.
	grave, serious, earnest, noble, grand, solemn, impressive, commanding, imposing.
	urgent, pressing, critical, instant.
	paramount, essential, vital, all-absorbing, radical, cardinal, chief, main, prime, primary, principal, leading, capital, foremost, overruling; of vital &c. importance.
	in the front rank, first-rate; superior &c. 33; considerable &c. (great) 31; marked &c. v.; rare &c. 137.
	significant, telling, trenchant, emphatic, pregnant; tanti[Lat].
	Adv. materially &c. adj.; in the main; above all, <gr/kat' exochin/gr>, par excellence, to crown all, to beat all.
	Phr. expende Hannibalem[Lat]! [Juvenal].

	#643. Unimportance. -- N. unimportance, insignificance, nothingness, immateriality.
	triviality, levity, frivolity; paltriness &c. adj.; poverty; smallness &c. 32; vanity &c. (uselessness) 645; matter of indifference &c. 866; no object.
	nothing, nothing to signify,, nothing worth speaking of, nothing particular, nothing to boast of, nothing to speak of; small matter, no great matter, trifling matter &c. adj.; mere joke, mere nothing; hardly anything; scarcely anything; nonentity, small beer, cipher; no great shakes, peu de chose[Fr]; child's play, kinderspiel.
	toy, plaything, popgun, paper pellet, gimcrack, gewgaw, bauble, trinket, bagatelle, Rickshaw, knickknack, whim-wham, trifle, " trifles light as air "; yankee notions [U. S.].
	trumpery, trash, rubbish, stuff, fatras[obs3], frippery; " leather or prunello "; chaff, drug, froth bubble smoke, cobweb; weed; refuse &c. (inutility) 645; scum &c. (dirt) 653.
	joke, jest, snap of the fingers; fudge &c. (unmeaning) 517; fiddlestick[obs3], fiddlestick end[obs3]; pack of nonsense, mere farce.
	straw, pin, fig, button, rush; bulrush, feather, halfpenny, farthing, brass farthing, doit[obs3], peppercorn, jot, rap, pinch of snuff, old son,; cent, mill, picayune, pistareen[obs3], red cent [U.S.].
	minutiae, details, minor details, small fry; dust in the balance, feather in the scale, drop in the ocean, flea-bite, molehill.
	nine days' wonder, ridiculus mus[Lat]; flash in the pan &c. (impotence) 158; much ado about nothing &c. (overestimation) 482.
	V. be unimportant &c. adj.; not matter &c. 642; go for nothing, matter nothing, signify nothing, matter little, matter little or nothing; not matter a straw &c. n.
	make light of &c. (underestimate) 483; catch at straws &c. (overestimate) 482.
	Adj. unimportant; of little account, of small account, of no account, of little importance, of no importance &c. 642; immaterial; unessential, nonessential; indifferent.
	subordinate &c. (inferior) 34; mediocre &c. (average) 29; passable, fair, respectable, tolerable, commonplace; uneventful, mere, common; ordinary &c. (habitual) 613; inconsiderable, so-so, insignificant, inappreciable.
	trifling, trivial; slight, slender, light, flimsy, frothy, idle; puerile &c. (foolish) 499; airy, shallow; weak &c. 160; powerless &c. 158; frivolous, petty, niggling; piddling, peddling; fribble[obs3], inane, ridiculous, farcical; finical, finikin[obs3]; fiddle-faddle, fingle-fangle[obs3], namby-pamby, wishy-washy, milk and water.
	poor, paltry, pitiful; contemptible &c. (contempt) 930; sorry, mean, meager, shabby, miserable, wretched, vile, scrubby, scrannel[obs3], weedy, niggardly, scurvy, putid[obs3], beggarly, worthless, twopenny-halfpenny, cheap, trashy, catchpenny, gimcrack, trumpery; one-horse [U. S.]. not worth the pains, not worth while, not worth mentioning, not worth speaking of, not worth a thought, not worth a curse, not worth a straw &c. n.;1 beneath notice, unworthy of  notice,  beneath regard, unworthy of  regard, beneath consideration, unworthy of consideration; de lana caprina[It][obs3]; vain &c. (useless) 645.

	Adv. slightly &c. adj.; rather, somewhat, pretty well, tolerably. for aught one cares.
	Int. no matter! pish! tush! tut! pshaw! pugh! pooh,pooh-pooh! fudge! bosh! humbug! fiddlestick[obs3], fiddlestick end[obs3]! fiddlededee! never mind! n'importe[Fr]! what signifies it, what boots it, what of it,  what of that, what matter, what's the odds, a fig for' stuff and nonsense, stuff!  nonsense!
	Phr. magno conatu magnas nugas[Lat]; le jeu ne vaut pas la chandelle[Fr]; it matters not, it does not signify; it is of no consequence, it is of no importance; elephantus non capit murem[Lat]; tempete dans un verre d'eau[Fr].

	#644. Utility. -- N. utility; usefulness &c. adj.; efficacy, efficiency, adequacy; service, use, stead, avail;  help &c. (aid) 707;  applicability &c. adj.; subservience &c. (instrumentality) 631; function &c. (business) 625; value; worth &c. (goodness) 648;  money's worth; productiveness &c. 168; cui bono[Lat] &c. (intention) 620; utilization &c. (use) 677 step in the right direction.
	common weal; commonwealth public good, public interest; utilitarianism &c. (philanthropy) 910.
	V. be useful &c. adj.; avail, serve; subserve &c. (be instrumental to) 631; conduce &c. (tend) 176; answer , serve one's turn, answer a purpose, serve a purpose.
	act a part &c. (action) 680; perform a function, discharge a function &c.; render a service, render good service, render yeoman's service; bestead[obs3], stand one in good stead be the making of; help &c. 707.
	bear  fruit &c. (produce) 161; bring grist to the mill; profit, remunerate; benefit &c. (do good) 648.
	find one's account in, find one's advantage in; reap the benefit of &c. (be better for) 658. render useful &c. (use) 677.
	Adj. useful; of use &c. n.; serviceable, proficuous[obs1], good for; subservient &c. (instrumental) 631.; conducive &c. (tending) 176; subsidiary &c. (helping) 707.
	advantageous &c. (beneficial) 648; profitable, gainful, remunerative, worth one's salt; valuable; prolific &c. (productive) 168.
	adequate; efficient, efficacious; effective, effectual; expedient &c. 646.
	applicable, available, ready, handy, at hand, tangible; commodious, adaptable; of all work.
	adv. usefully &c. adj.; pro bono publico[Lat].

	#645. Inutility. -- N. inutility; uselessness &c. adj.; inefficacy[obs3], futility; ineptitude, inaptitude; unsubservience[obs3]; inadequacy &c. (insufficiency) 640; inefficiency.&c. (incompetence) 158; unskillfulness &c. 699; disservice; unfruitfulness &c.(unproductiveness). 169; labor in vain, labor lost, labor of Sisyphus; lost trouble, lost labor; work of Penelope; sleeveless errand, wild goose chase, mere farce.
	tautology &c. (repetition) 104; supererogation &c. (redundancy) 641.
	vanitas vanitatum[Lat], vanity, inanity, worthlessness, nugacity[obs3]; triviality &c. (unimportance) 643.
	caput mortuum[Lat], waste paper, dead letter; blunt tool.
	litter, rubbish, junk, lumber, odds and ends, cast-off clothes; button top; shoddy; rags, orts[obs3], trash, refuse, sweepings, scourings, offscourings[obs3], waste, rubble, debris, detritus; stubble, leavings; broken meat; dregs &c. (dirt) 653; weeds, tares; rubbish heap, dust hole; rudera[obs3], deads[obs3].
	fruges consumere natus  &c. (drone) 683[Lat][Horace].
	V. be useless &c. adj.; go a begging &c. (redundant) 641; fail &c. 732.
	seek after impossibilities, strive after impossibilities; use vain efforts, labor in vain, roll the stone of Sisyphus, beat the air, lash the waves, battre l'eau avec un baton[Fr], donner un coup d'epee dans l'eau[Fr], fish in the air, milk the ram, drop a bucket into an empty well, sow the sand; bay the moon; preach to the winds, speak to the winds; whistle jigs to a milestone; kick against the pricks, se battre contre des moulins[Fr]; lock the stable door when the steed is stolen, lock the barn door after the horse is stolen &c. (too late) 135; hold a farthing candle to the sun; cast pearls before swine &c. (waste) 638; carry coals to Newcastle &c. (redundancy) 641; wash a blackamoor white &c. (impossible) 471.
	render useless &c. adj.; dismantle, dismast, dismount, disqualify, disable; unrig; cripple, lame &c. (injure) 659; spike guns, clip the wings; put out of gear.
	Adj. useless, inutile, inefficacious, futile, unavailing, bootless; inoperative &c. 158; inadequate &c. (insufficient) 640; inservient[obs1], unsubservient; inept, inefficient &c. (impotent) 158; of no avail &c. (use) 644; ineffectual &c. (failure) 732; incompetent &c. (unskillful) 699; "stale, flat and unprofitable"; superfluous &c. (redundant) 641; dispensable; thrown away &c. (wasted) 638; abortive &c. (immature) 674.
	worthless, valueless, priceless; unsalable; not worth a straw &c. (trifling) 643 dear at any price.
	vain, empty, inane; gainless[obs3], profitless, fruitless; unserviceable, unprofitable; ill-spent; unproductive &c. 169; hors de combat[Fr]; effete, past work &c. (impaired) 659; obsolete &c. (old) 124; fit for the dust hole; good for nothing; of no earthly use; not worth having, not worth powder and shot; leading to no end, uncalled for; unnecessary, unneeded.
	Adv. uselessly &c. adj.; to little purpose, to no purpose, to little or no purpose.
	Int. cui bono?[Lat]; what's the good!
	Phr. actum ne agas[Lat][obs3]; chercher une aiguille dans une botte de foin[obs3][Fr]; tanto buon che val niente[It].

	#646. [Specific subservience.] Expedience. -- N. expedience, expediency; desirableness, desirability &c. adj.; fitness &c. (agreement) 23; utility &c. 644; propriety; opportunism; advantage.
	high time &c. (occasion) 134.
	V. be expedient &c. adj.; suit &c. (agree) 23; befit;  suit the time, befit the time,  suit the season, befit the season,   suit the occasion, befit the occasion.
conform &c. 82.
	Adj. expedient; desirable, advisable, acceptable; convenient; worth while, meet; fit, fitting; due, proper, eligible, seemly, becoming; befitting &c. v.; opportune &c. (in season) 134; in loco; suitable &c. (accordant) 23; applicable &c. (useful) 644.
	Adv. in the right place; conveniently &c. adj.
	Phr. operae pretium est[Lat].

	#647. Inexpedience. -- N. inexpedience, inexpediency; undesirableness, undesirability &c. adj.; discommodity[obs3], impropriety; unfitness &c. (disagreement) 24; inutility &c. 645; disadvantage.
	V. be inexpedient &c. adj.; come amiss &c. (disagree) 24; embarrass &c. (hinder) 706; put to inconvenience; pay too dear for one's whistle.
	Adj. inexpedient, undesirable; unadvisable, inadvisable; objectionable; inapt, ineligible, inadmissible, inconvenient; incommodious, discommodious[obs3]; disadvantageous; inappropriate, unfit &c. (inconsonant) 24.
	ill-contrived, ill-advised; unsatisfactory; unprofitable &c., unsubservient &c. (useless) 645; inopportune &c. (unseasonable) 135; out of place, in the wrong place; improper, unseemly.
	clumsy, awkward; cumbrous, cumbersome; lumbering, unwieldy, hulky[obs3]; unmanageable &c. (impracticable) 704; impedient &c. (in the way) 706[obs3].
	unnecessary &c. (redundant) 641.
	Phr. it will never do.

	#648. [Capability of producing good. Good qualities.] Goodness. -- N. goodness &c. adj.; excellence, merit; virtue &c. 944; value, worth, price.
	super-excellence, supereminence; superiority &c. 33; perfection &c. 650; coup de maitre[Fr]; masterpiece, chef d'ouvre[Fr], prime, flower, cream, elite, pick, A1, nonesuch, nonpareil, creme de la creme, flower of the flock, cock of the roost, salt of the earth; champion; prodigy.
	tidbit; gem, gem of the first water; bijou, precious stone, jewel, pearl, diamond, ruby, brilliant, treasure; good thing; rara avis[Lat], one in a thousand.
	beneficence &c. 906; good man &c. 948.
	V. be beneficial &c. adj.; produce good, do good &c. 618; profit &c. (be of use) 644; benefit; confer a benefit &c. 618.
	be the making of, do a world of good, make a man of.
	produce a good effect; do a good turn, confer an obligation; improve &c. 658.
	do no harm, break no bones.
	be good &c. adj.; excel, transcend &c. (be superior) 33; bear away the bell.
	stand the proof, stand the test; pass muster, pass an examination.
	challenge comparison, vie, emulate, rival. 
	Adj. harmless, hurtless[obs3]; unobnoxious[obs3], innocuous, innocent, inoffensive, neutral.
	tolerable &c. (not very good) 651; up to the mark, unexceptionable, unobjectionable; satisfactory, tidy.
	in good condition, in fair condition; fresh; sound &c. (perfect) 650.
	beneficial, valuable, of value; serviceable &c. (useful) 644; advantageous,  edifying, profitable; salutary &c. (healthful) 656.
	favorable; nice, fine; fair.
	propitious &c. (hope-giving) 858.
	good, good as gold; excellent.
	better; superior &c. 33; above par.
	[ref: genuine &c. (true) 494].
	{{has_superlative}} best, choice, select, superb, superlative, magnificent, outstanding, picked, elect, recherche, rare, priceless; unparagoned[obs3], unparalleled &c. (supreme) 33; superlatively &c. 33;  bully* , crackajack*[obs3], gilt-edged; superfine, superexcellent[obs3]; of the first water; first-rate, first-class; high-wrought, exquisite, very best, crack, prime, tip-top, top-notch, top grade, capital, cardinal; gold standard &c. (perfect) 650; inimitable.
	admirable, estimable; praiseworthy &c. (approve) 931; pleasing &c. 829; couleur de rose[Fr], precious, of great price; costly &c. (dear) 814; worth its weight in gold, worth a Jew's eye; priceless, invaluable, inestimable, precious as the apple of the eye.
	Adv. beneficially &c. adj.; well &c. 618.
	Phr. " Jewels five words long " [Tennyson]; " long may such goodness live! " [Rogers]; "the luxury of doing good " [Goldsmith].

	#649. [Capability of producing evil. Bad qualities.] Badness. -- N. hurtfulness[obs3] &c. adj.; virulence.
	evil doer &c. 913; plague spot &c. (insalubrity) 657; evil star, ill wind; hoodoo; Jonah; snake in the grass, skeleton in the closet; amari aliquid[Lat], thorn in the side.
	malignity; malevolence &c. R907; tender mercies [ironically].
	ill-treatment, annoyance, molestation, abuse, oppression, persecution, outrage; misusage &c. 679; knockout drops [U. S.].
	badness &c. adj.; peccancy[obs3], abomination; painfulness &c. 830; pestilence &c. (disease) 655.
	{{&causes: guilt &c. 947}}.
	{{has_subtype: depravity &c. 945}}.
	{{&causes: injury &c. (damage) 659}}.
	{{&causes: pain &c. 830}}.
	{{property_of: bane &c. 663}}.
	V. be hurtful &c. adj.; cause evil, produce evil, inflict evil, work evil, do evil &c. 619; damnify[obs3], endamage[obs3], hurt, harm.
	{{&causes: injure &c. (damage) 659}}.
	{{&causes: pain &c. 830}}.
	wrong, aggrieve, oppress, persecute; trample upon, tread upon, bear hard upon, put upon; overburden; weigh down, weigh heavy on; victimize; run down; molest &c. 830.
	maltreat, abuse; ill-use, ill-treat; buffet, bruise, scratch, maul; smite &c. (scourge) 972; do violence, do harm, do a mischief; stab, pierce, outrage.
	do mischief, make mischief; bring into trouble.
destroy &c. 162.
	Adj. hurtful, harmful, scathful[obs3], baneful, baleful; injurious, deleterious, detrimental, noxious, pernicious, mischievous, full of mischief, mischief-making, malefic, malignant, nocuous, noisome; prejudicial; disserviceable[obs3], disadvantageous; wide-wasting.
	unlucky, sinister; obnoxious; untoward, disastrous.
	oppressive, burdensome, onerous; malign &c. (malevolent) 907.
	corrupting &c. (corrupt &c. 659); virulent, venomous, envenomed, corrosive; poisonous &c. (morbific) 657[obs3]; deadly &c. (killing) 361; destructive &c. (destroying) 162; inauspicious &c. 859.
	bad, ill, arrant, as bad as bad can be, dreadful; horrid, horrible; dire; rank, peccant, foul, fulsome; rotten, rotten at the core.
	vile, base, villainous; mean &c. (paltry) 643; injured &c. deteriorated &c. 659; unsatisfactory, exceptionable indifferent; below par &c. (imperfect) 651; ill-contrived, ill-conditioned; wretched, sad, grievous, deplorable, lamentable; pitiful, pitiable, woeful &c. (painful) 830.
	evil, wrong; depraved &c. 945; shocking; reprehensible &c. (disapprove) 932. hateful, hateful as a toad; abominable, detestable, execrable, cursed, accursed, confounded; damned, damnable; infernal; diabolic &c. (malevolent) 907.
	unadvisable &c. (inexpedient) 647; unprofitable &c. (useless) 645; incompetent &c. (unskillful) 699; irremediable &c. (hopeless) 859.
	Adv. badly &c. adj. ; wrong, ill; to one's cost; where the shoe pinches.
	Phr. bad is the best: the worst come to the worst; herba mala presto cresco [Lat]; "wrongs unredressed or insults unavenged " [Wordsworth].

	#650. Perfection. -- N. perfection; perfectness &c. adj.; indefectibility[obs3]; impeccancy[obs3], impeccability.
	pink, beau ideal, phenix, paragon; pink of perfection, acme of perfection; ne plus ultra[Lat]; summit &c. 210.
	cygne noir[Fr]; philosopher's stone; chrysolite, Koh-i-noor.
	model, standard, pattern, mirror, admirable Crichton; trump, very prince of.
	masterpiece, superexcellence &c. (goodness) 648[obs3]; transcendence &c. (superiority) 33.
	absence of error, absence of flaw.
	V. be perfect &c. adj.; transcend &c. (be supreme) 33.
	bring to perfection, perfect, ripen, mature; complete &c. 729; put in trim &c. (prepare) 673; maturate.
	Adj. perfect, faultless; indefective[obs3], indeficient[obs3], indefectible; immaculate, spotless, impeccable, flawless.
	free from imperfection &c. 651; unblemished, uninjured &c. 659; sound, sound as a roach; in perfect condition; scathless[obs3], intact, harmless; seaworthy &c. (safe) 644; right as a trivet; in seipso totus teres atque rotundus [Lat][Horace]; consummate &c. (complete) 52; finished &c. 729.
	best &c. (good) 648; model, standard; inimitable, unparagoned[obs3], unparalleled &c. (supreme) 33; superhuman, divine; beyond all praise &c. (approbation) 931; sans peur et sans reproche[Fr].
	Adv. to perfection; perfectly &c. adj.; ad unguem[Lat]; clean, clean as a whistle.
	Phr. " let us go on unto perfection " [ Hebrews vi, 1]; " the perfection of art is to conceal art " [Quintilian]; "Why not the best?" [Jimmy Carter]; "Anything less than the best is a felony." [Vanilla Ice].

	#651. Imperfection. -- N. imperfection; imperfectness &c. adj.; deficiency; inadequacy &c. (insufficiency) 640; peccancy &c. (badness) 649[obs3]; immaturity &c. 674.
	fault, defect, flaw, weak point; screw loose;  gap &c. 198; twist &c. 243; taint, attainder; bar sinister, hole in one's coat; blemish &c. 848; weakness &c. 160; half blood; shortcoming &c. 304; drawback; seamy side.
	[ref: flaw &c. (break) 70.flaw &c. (break) 70].
	mediocrity; no great shakes, no great catch; not much to boast of; one-horse shay.
	V. be imperfect &c. adj.; have a defect &c. n.; lie under a disadvantage; spring a leak.
	not pass muster, barely pass muster; fall short &c. 304.
	Adj. imperfect; not perfect &c. 650; deficient, defective; faulty, flawed, unsound, tainted; out of order, out of tune; cracked, leaky; sprung; warped &c. (distort) 243; lame; injured &c. (deteriorated) 659; peccant &c. (bad) 649; frail &c. (weak) 160; inadequate &c. (insufficient) 640; crude &c. (unprepared) 674; incomplete &c. 53; found wanting,; below par; short-handed; below its full strength, under its full strength, below its full complement.
	indifferent, middling, ordinary, mediocre; average &c. 29; so-so; couci-couci, milk and water; tolerable, fair, passable; pretty well, pretty good; rather good, moderately good; good; good enough, well enough, adequate; decent; not bad, not amiss; inobjectionable[obs3], unobjectionable, admissible, bearable, only better than nothing.
	secondary, inferior; second-rate, second-best; one-horse [U.S.].
	Adv. almost &c.; to a limited extent, rather &c. 32; pretty, moderately, passing; only, considering, all things considered, enough.
	Phr. surgit amari aliquid[Lat].

[[pure]]
	#652. Cleanness. -- N. cleanness, cleanliness &c. adj.; purity; cleaning &c. v.; purification, defecation &c. v.; purgation, lustration[obs3]; detersion[obs3], abstersion[obs3]; epuration[obs3], mundation[obs1]; ablution, lavation[obs3], colature[obs1]; disinfection &c. v.; drainage, sewerage.
	lavatory, laundry, washhouse[obs3]; washerwoman, laundress, dhobi[obs3], laundryman, washerman[obs3]; scavenger, dustman[obs3], sweep; white wings 
	brush[Local U. S.]; broom, besom[obs3], mop, rake, shovel, sieve, riddle, screen, filter; blotter.
	napkin, cloth, maukin[obs1], malkin[obs1], handkerchief, towel, sudary[obs3]; doyley[obs3], doily, duster, sponge, mop, swab.
	cover, drugget[obs3].
	wash, lotion, detergent, cathartic, purgative; purifier &c. v.; disinfectant; aperient[obs3]; benzene, benzine benzol, benolin[obs3]; bleaching powder, chloride of lime, dentifrice, deobstruent[obs3], laxative.
	V. be clean, render clean &c. adj.
	clean, cleanse; mundify[obs1], rinse, wring, flush, full, wipe, mop, sponge, scour, swab, scrub, brush up.
	wash, lave, launder, buck; absterge[obs1], deterge[obs3]; decrassify[obs3]; clear, purify; depurate[obs3], despumate[obs3], defecate; purge, expurgate, elutriate[Chem], lixiviate[obs3], edulcorate[obs3], clarify, refine, rack; filter, filtrate; drain, strain.
	disinfect, fumigate, ventilate, deodorize; whitewash; castrate, emasculate.
	sift, winnow, pick, weed, comb, rake, brush, sweep.
	rout out, clear out, sweep out &c.; make a clean sweep of.
	Adj. clean, cleanly; immaculate; spotless, stainless, taintless; trig; without a stain, unstained, unspotted, unsoiled, unsullied, uninfected; sweet, sweet as a nut.
	pure, unadulterated, untainted.
	utter [ref: complete, unmitigated].
	neat, spruce, tidy, trim, gimp, clean as a new penny, like a cat in pattens; cleaned &c. v.; kempt[obs3].
	abstergent[obs3], cathartic, cleansing, purifying.
	Adv. neatly &c. adj.; clean as a whistle.

	#653. Uncleanness. -- N. uncleanness &c. adj.; immundity[obs3], immundicity[obs3]; impurity &c.  961[of mind].
	impurity, adulteration; defilement, contamination &c. v..
	defoedation[obs1]; soilure[obs3], soiliness[obs1]; abomination; leaven; taint, tainture[obs1]; fetor &c. 401[obs3].
	decay; putrescence, putrefaction; corruption; mold, must, mildew, dry rot, mucor, rubigo[obs1].
	slovenliness &c. adj., squalor, slovenry[obs3].
	{{trait_of: pig, dowdy, drab, slut, slattern, sloven, scrub, draggle-tail, dustman, sweep; beast;  (ref: unclean person  P2.3.2.3.2.4.27) }}.
	dirt, filth, soil, slop; dust, cobweb, flue; smoke, soot, smudge, smut, grit, grime, raff[obs3]; sossle[obs3], sozzle[obs3].
	sordes[obs3], dregs, grounds, lees; argol[obs3]; sediment, settlement heeltap[obs3]; dross, drossiness[obs3]; mother[obs1], precipitate, scoriae, ashes, cinders. recrement[obs3], slag; scum, froth.
	hogwash; ditchwater[obs3], dishwater, bilgewater[obs3]; rinsings.
	cheeseparings; sweepings &c. (useless refuse) 645; offscourings[obs3], outscourings[obs3]; off scum; caput mortuum[Lat][obs3], residuum, sprue, fecula[Lat], clinker, draff[obs3]; scurf, scurfiness[obs3]; exuviae[Lat], morphea; fur, furfur[obs3]; dandruff; tartar.
	riffraff; vermin, louse, flea, bug, chinch[obs3].
	mud, mire, quagmire, alluvium, silt, sludge, slime, slush, slosh, sposh [obs3][U. S.].
	spawn, offal, gurry [obs3][U. S.]; lientery[obs3]; garbage, carrion; excreta &c. 299; slough, peccant humor, pus, matter, suppuration, lienteria[obs3]; faeces, feces, , excrement, ordure, dung, crap[vulgar], shit[vulgar]; sewage, sewerage; muck; coprolite; guano, manure, compost.
	dunghill, colluvies[obs3], mixen[obs3], midden, bog, laystall[obs3], sink, privy, jakes; toilet, john, head; cess[obs3], cesspool; sump, sough, cloaca, latrines, drain, sewer, common sewer; Cloacina; dust hole.
	sty, pigsty, lair, den, Augean stable[obs3], sink of corruption; slum, rookery.
	V. be unclean, become unclean &c. adj.; rot, putrefy, ferment, fester, rankle, reek; stink &c. 401; mold, molder; go bad &c. adj.
	render unclean &c. adj.; dirt, dirty; daub, blot, blur, smudge, smutch[obs3], soil, smoke, tarnish, slaver, spot, smear; smirch; begrease[obs3];.dabble, drabble[obs3], draggle, daggle[obs3]; spatter, slubber; besmear &c., bemire, beslime[obs3], begrime, befoul; splash, stain, distain[obs3], maculate, sully, pollute, defile, debase, adulterate, contaminate, taint, leaven;, corrupt &c. (injure) 659; cover with dust &c. n.; drabble in the mud[obs3]; roil.
	wallow in the mire; slobber, slabber[obs3].
	Adj. dirty, filthy, grimy; unclean, impure; soiled &c. v.; not to be handled with kid gloves; dusty, snuffy[obs3], smutty, sooty, smoky; thick, turbid, dreggy; slimy; mussy [U.S.].
	slovenly, untidy, messy, uncleanly.
	[of people] unkempt, sluttish, dowdy, draggle-tailed; uncombed.
	unscoured[obs3], unswept[obs3], unwiped[obs3], unwashed, unstrained, unpurified[obs3]; squalid; lutose[obs3], slammocky[obs3], slummocky[obs3], sozzly[obs3].
	nasty, coarse, foul, offensive, abominable, beastly, reeky, reechy[obs3]; fetid &c. 401.
	[of rotting living matter] decayed, moldy, musty, mildewed, rusty, moth-eaten, mucid[obs3], rancid, weak,  bad, gone bad, etercoral[obs3], lentiginous[obs3], touched, fusty, effete, reasty[obs3], rotten, corrupt, tainted, high, flyblown, maggoty; putrid, putrefactive, putrescent, putrefied; saprogenic, saprogenous[obs3]; purulent, carious, peccant; fecal, feculent; stercoraceous[obs3], excrementitious[obs3]; scurfy, scurvy, impetiginous[obs3]; gory, bloody; rotting &c. v.; rotten as a pear, rotten as cheese.
	crapulous &c. (intemperate) 954[obs3]; gross &c. (impure in mind) 961; fimetarious[obs3], fimicolous[obs3].
	Phr. " they that touch pitch will be defiled " [Much Ado About Nothing].

<-- this part of R659, deterioration was broken off from the section under medicine -->
	#659a. Damage -- N.
	[ref: R659, deterioration @P2.6.4.8.2 (Pathology)].
	damage, loss, detriment, impairment, inquination[obs1], vitiation, injury.
	deterioration, debasement; wane, ebb; recession &c. 287; retrogradation &c. 283[obs3]; decrease &c. 36.
	perversion, prostitution.
	discoloration, oxidation, pollution, defoedation[obs1].
	leaven, contamination, corruption, adulteration, alloy.
	decline, declension[obs3], declination.
	decay, dilapidation, ravages of time, wear and tear; corrosion, erosion; moldiness, rottenness; moth and rust, dry rot, blight, marasmus[obs3], atrophy, collapse; disorganization;  delabrement &c. (destruction)[Fr]. 162.

<-- this is the general concept of improvement.  Healing is separate, under medicine @ P2.6.4.8.2  -->
	#658a.  Improvement.  -- N.
	[ref: R658 Healing, @P2.6.4.8.2].
	improvement; amelioration, melioration; betterment; mend, amendment, emendation; mending &c. v.; advancement; advance &c. (progress) 282; ascent &c. 305; promotion, preferment; elevation &c. 307; increase &c. 35.
	reform, reformation; revision, radical reform; second thoughts, correction, limoe labor[Lat], refinement, elaboration; purification &c. 652; oxidation; repair &c. (restoration) 660; recovery &c. 660.
	revise, new edition.
	{{performed_by: reformer, radical}}[context: politics].

M2.2.3   Contingent Subservience to ends  R664 to R679
<--  	664.	Safety					665. Danger
		666.	Refuge					667. Pitfall
		668.	Warning
		669.	Alarm
		670.	Preservation
		671.	Escape
		672.	Deliverance
	   3. Precursory Measures
		673.	Preparation				674.	Nonpreparation
		675.	Essay
		676.	Undertaking
		677.	Use						678.	Disuse
									679.	Misuse
-->
	#664. Safety. -- N. safety, security, surety.
	impregnability; invulnerability, invulnerableness &c. adj.; danger past, danger  over; storm blown over; coast clear; escape &c. 671; means of escape; blow valve, safety valve, release valve, sniffing valve; safeguard, palladium.
	{{&result_of}} protection; precaution.
	{[of(person)]} {{has_subtype(protection)}} guardianship, wardship, wardenship; tutelage; auspices; safe-conduct, escort, convoy.
	preservation &c. 670.
	{{has_subtype(protection)}} custody, safekeeping.
	guard, shield &c. (defense) 717; guardian angel; tutelary god, tutelary deity, tutelary  saint; genius loci.
	{{performed_by: protector, guardian; warden, warder; preserver, custodian, duenna[Sp], chaperon, third person}}.
	[Means of safety] refuge &c. anchor &c. 666; precaution &c. (preparation) 673; quarantine, cordon sanitaire[Fr].  confidence &c. 858[Sense of security].
	V. be safe &c. adj.; keep one's head above water, tide over, save one's bacon; ride out the storm, weather the storm; light upon one's feet, land on one's feet; bear a charmed life; escape &c. 671.
	make safe , render safe &c. adj.; protect; take care of &c. (care) 459; preserve &c. 670; cover, screen, shelter, shroud, flank, ward; guard &c. (defend) 717; secure &c. (restrain) 751; entrench, intrench[obs3], fence round &c. (circumscribe) 229; house, nestle, ensconce; take charge of.
	escort, convoy; garrison; watch, mount guard, patrol.
	make assurance doubly sure &c. (caution) 864; take up a loose thread; take precautions &c. (prepare for) 673; double reef topsails.
	seek safety; take shelter, find shelter &c. 666.
	Adj. safe, secure, sure; in safety, in security; on the safe side; under the shield of, under the shade of, under the wing of, under the shadow of one's wing; under cover, under  lock and key; out of danger, out of the woods, out of the meshes, out of harm's way; unharmed, unscathed; on sure ground, at anchor, high and dry, above water; unthreatened[obs3], unmolested; protected &c. v.; cavendo tutus[Lat]; panoplied &c. (defended) 717[obs3].
	snug, seaworthy; weatherproof, waterproof, fireproof.
	defensible, tenable, proof against, invulnerable; unassailable, unattackable, impenetrable; impregnable, imperdible[obs1]; inexpugnable; Achillean[obs3].
	safe and sound &c. (preserved) 670;scathless &c. (perfect) 650[obs3]; unhazarded[obs3]; not dangerous &c. 665.
	unthreatening,  harmless; friendly (cooperative) 709.
	protecting, protective  &c. v.; guardian, tutelary; preservative &c. 670; trustworthy &c. 939.
	adv. ex abundanti cautela[Lat][obs3]; with impunity.
	phr. all's well; salva res est[Lat]; suave mari magno[Lat]; a couvert[Fr]; e terra alterius spectare laborem [Lat][Lucretius]; Dieu vous garde[Fr].

	#665. Danger. -- N. danger, peril, insecurity, jeopardy, risk, hazard, venture, precariousness, slipperiness; instability &c. 149; defenselessness &c. adj.; exposure &c. (liability) 177; vulnerability; vulnerable point, heel of Achilles[obs3]; forlorn hope &c. (hopelessness) 859.
	[Dangerous course] leap in the dark &c. (rashness) 863; road to ruin, faciles descensus Averni [Lat][Vergil], hairbreadth escape.
	cause for alarm; source of danger &c. 667.  rock ahead[Approach of danger], breakers ahead; storm brewing; clouds in the horizon, clouds gathering; warning &c. 668; alarm &c. 669.
	[Sense of danger] apprehension &c. 860.
	V. be in danger &c. adj.; be exposed to danger, run into danger, incur danger, encounter danger &c. n.; run a risk; lay oneself open to &c. (liability) 177; lean on a broken reed, trust to a broken reed; feel the ground sliding from under one, have to run for it; have the chances against one, have the odds against one, face long odds; be in deep trouble, be between a rock and a hard place.
	hang by a thread, totter; sleep on a volcano, stand on a volcano; sit on a barrel of gunpowder, live in a glass house.
	bring in danger, place in danger, put in danger , place in jeopardy, put in jeopardy &c. n.; endanger, expose to danger, imperil; jeopard[obs3], jeopardize; compromise; sail too near the wind &c. (rash) 863.
	adventure, risk, hazard, venture, stake, set at hazard; run the gauntlet &c. (dare) 861; engage in a forlorn hope.
	threaten danger &c. 909; run one hard; lay a trap for &c. (deceive) 545.
	Adj. in danger &c. n.; endangered &c. v.; fraught with danger; dangerous, hazardous, perilous, parlous, periculous[obs1]; unsafe, unprotected &c. (safe, protect &c. 664);insecure, . untrustworthy; built upon.sand, on a sandy basis; wildcat.
	defenseless, fenceless, guardless[obs3], harborless; unshielded; vulnerable, expugnable[obs3], exposed; open to &c. (liable) 177.
	aux abois[Fr], at bay; on the wrong side of the wall, on a lee shore, on the rocks.
	at stake, in question; precarious, critical, ticklish; slippery, slippy; hanging by a thread &c. v.; with a halter round one's neck; between the hammer and the anvil, between  Scylla and Charybdis, between a rock and a hard place, between the devil and the deep blue sea, between two fires; on the edge of a precipice, on the brink of a precipice, on the verge of a precipice, on the edge of a volcano; in the lion's den, on slippery ground, under fire; not out of the wood.
	unwarned, unadmonished, unadvised, unprepared &c. 674; off one's guard &c. (inexpectant) 508[obs3].
	tottering; unstable, unsteady; shaky, top-heavy, tumbledown, ramshackle, crumbling, waterlogged; helpless, guideless[obs3]; in a bad way; reduced to the last extremity, at the last extremity; trembling in the balance; nodding to its fall &c. (destruction) 162. threatening &c. 909; ominous, ill-omened; alarming &c. (fear) 860; explosive.
	adventurous &c. (rash) 863, (bold) 861.
	phr. incidit in Scyllam qui vult vitare Charybdim[Lat]; nam tua res agitur paries dum proximus ardet[Lat].

	#666. [Means of safety.] Refuge. -- N. refuge, sanctuary, retreat, fastness; acropolis; keep, last resort; ward; prison &c. 752; asylum, ark, home, refuge for the destitute; almshouse[obs3]; hiding place &c. (ambush) 530; sanctum sanctorum &c. (privacy) 893[Lat].
	roadstead, anchorage; breakwater, mole, port, haven; harbor, harbor of refuge; seaport; pier, jetty, embankment, quay.
	covert, cover, shelter, screen, lee wall, wing, shield, umbrella; barrier; dashboard, dasher [U.S.].
	wall &c. (inclosure) 232; fort &c. (defense) 717.
	anchor, kedge; grapnel, grappling iron; sheet anchor, killick[obs3]; mainstay; support &c. 215; cheek &c. 706; ballast.
jury mast; vent-peg; safety valve, blow-off valve; safety lamp; lightning rod, lightning conductor; safety belt, airbag, seat belt; antilock brakes, antiskid tires, snow tires.
	means of escape &c. (escape) 671 lifeboat, lifejacket, life buoy, swimming belt, cork jacket; parachute, plank, steppingstone; emergency landing.
	safeguard &c. (protection) 664.
	V. seek refuge, take refuge, find refuge &c. n.; seek safety, find safety &c. 664; throw oneself into the arms of; break for taller timber [U. S.].
	create a diversion.
	Phr.  any port in a storm; bibere venenum in auro[Lat]; valet anchora virtus[obs3].

<-- pitfall is related to deceiver and danger
 -->

	#667. [Source of danger.] Pitfall. -- N. rocks, reefs, coral reef, sunken rocks, snags; sands, quicksands; syrt[obs1], syrtis[obs1]; Goodwin sands, sandy foundation; slippery ground; breakers, shoals, shallows, bank, shelf, flat, lee shore, ironbound coast; rock ahead, breakers ahead.
	precipice; maelstrom, volcano; ambush &c. 530; pitfall, trapdoor; trap &c. (snare) 545.
	sword of Damocles; wolf at the door, snake in the grass, death in the pot; latency &c. 526.
	ugly customer, dangerous person, le chat qui dort[Fr]; firebrand, hornet's nest.
	Phr. latet anquis in herba [Lat][Vergil]; proximus ardet Ucalegon [Lat][Vergil].

	#668. Warning. -- N. warning, early warning, caution, caveat; notice &c. (information) 527; premonition, premonishment[obs3]; prediction &c. 511; contraindication, lesson, dehortation[obs3]; admonition, monition; alarm &c. 669.
	handwriting on the wall, mene mene tekel upharsin, red flag, yellow flag; fog-signal, foghorn; siren; monitor, warning voice, Cassandra[obs3], signs of the times, Mother Cary's chickens[obs3], stormy petrel, bird of ill omen, gathering clouds, clouds in the horizon, death watch.
	watchtower, beacon, signal post; lighthouse &c. (indication of locality) 550. sentinel, sentry,; watch, watchman; watch and ward; watchdog, bandog[obs3], housedog[obs3]; patrol, patrolman, vedette[obs3], picket, bivouac, scout, spy, spial[obs1]; undercover agent, mole, plainclothesman; advanced guard, rear guard; lookout.
	cautiousness &c. 864.
	monitor, guard camera, 
	radar, AWACS, spy satellite, spy-in-the-sky, U2 plane, spy plane.
	V. warn, caution; forewarn, prewarn[obs3]; admonish, premonish[obs3]; give notice, give  warning, dehort[obs3]; menace &c. (threaten) 909; put on one's guard; sound the alarm &c. 669; croak.
	beware, ware; take warning, take  heed at one's peril; keep watch and ward &c. (care) 459.
	Adj. warning &c. v.; premonitory, monitory, cautionary; admonitory, admonitive[obs3]; sematic[Biol].
	warned, forewarned  &c. v.; on one's guard &c. (careful) 459, (cautious) 864.
	adv. in terrorem &c. (threat) 909[Lat].
	Int. beware! ware! take care! look out! fore![golf], mind what you are about!, take care what you are about! mind!
	Phr. ne reveillez pas le chat qui dort [French: don't wake a sleeping cat]; foenum habet in cornu[Lat]; caveat actor; le silence du people est la legon des rois[Fr]; verbum sat sapienti [Latin: a word to the wise is sufficient]; un averti en vaut deux[Fr].

	#669. [Indication of danger.] Alarm. -- N. alarm; alarum, larum[obs3], alarm bell, tocsin, alerts, beat of drum, sound of trumpet, note of alarm, hue and cry, fire cross, signal of distress; blue lights; war-cry, war-whoop; warning &c. 668; fog-signal, foghorn; yellow flag; danger signal; red light, red flag; fire bell; police whistle.
	false alarm, cry of wolf; bug-bear, bugaboo.
	V. give the alarm, raise the alarm, sound the alarm, turn in the alarm, beat the alarm, give an alarm, raise an alarm, sound an alarm, turn in an alarm, beat an alarm &c. n.; alarm; warn &c. 668; ring the tocsin; battre la generale[Fr]; cry wolf.
	Adj. alarming &c. v.
	Int. sauve qui peut[Fr]! [French: every man for himself]; qui vive? [Fr].

	#670. Preservation. -- N. preservation; safe-keeping; conservation &c. (storage) 636; maintenance, support, susteritation[obs3], conservatism; vis conservatrix[obs3]; salvation &c. (deliverance) 672.
	 prophylaxis[Means of preservation]; preserver, preservative, additive; antibiotics, antifungals[Med], biocide; hygiastics[obs3], hygiantics[obs3]; cover, drugget[obs3]; cordon sanitaire[Fr]; canning; ensilage; tinned goods, canned goods.
	[Superstitious remedies] snake oil, cure-all; charm &c. 993.
	V. preserve, maintain, keep, sustain, support, hold; keep up, keep  alive; refrigerate, keep on ice;not willingly let die; bank up; nurse; save, rescue; be safe, make safe &c. 664; take care of &c. (care) 459; guard &c. (defend) 717.
	stare super antiquas vias [Lat][obs3][Bacon]; hold one's own; hold one's ground, stand one's ground &c. (resist) 719.
	embalm, cure, salt, pickle, season, kyanize[obs1], bottle, pot, tin, can; sterilize, pasteurize, radiate; dry, lyophilize[Chem], freeze-dry, concentrate, evaporate; freeze, quick-freeze, deep-freeze; husband &c. (store) 636.
	Adj. preserving &c. v.; conservative; prophylactic; preservatory[obs3], preservative; hygienic.
	preserved &c. v.; unimpaired, unbroken, uninjured, unhurt, unsinged[obs3], unmarred; safe, safe and sound; intact, with a whole skin.
	Phr. nolumus leges Angliae mutari[Lat][obs3].

	#671. Escape. -- N.escape, scape; avolation[obs1], elopement, flight; evasion &c. (avoidance) 623; retreat; narrow escape, hairbreadth escape; close call; come off, impunity.
	 loophole &c. (opening) 260[Means of escape]; path &c. 627; refuse &c. 666; vent, vent peg; safety valve; drawbridge, fire escape.
	reprieve &c. (deliverance) 672; liberation &c. 750. refugee &c. (fugitive) 623.
	V. escape, scape; make one's escape, effect one's escape, make good one's escape; break jail; get off, get clear off, get well out of; echapper belle[Fr], save one's bacon, save one's skin; weather the storm &c. (safe) 664; escape scot-free.
	elude &c., make off &c. (avoid) 623;. march off &c. (go away) 293; give one the slip; slip through the hands, slip through the fingers; slip the collar, wriggle out of prison,  break out, break loose, break loose from prison; break away, slip away, get away; find vent, find  a hole to creep out of.
	disappear, vanish.
	Adj..escaping, escaped &c. v.  stolen away, fled.
	Phr. the bird has flown the coop.

	#672. Deliverance. -- N. deliverance, extrication, rescue; reprieve, reprieval[obs3]; respite; liberation &c. 750; emancipation; redemption, salvation; riddance; gaol delivery; redeemableness[obs3].
	V. deliver, extricate, rescue, save, emancipate, redeem, ransom; bring off,bring through; tirer d'affaire[Fr], get the wheel out of the rut, snatch from the jaws of death, come to the rescue; rid; retrieve &c. (restore) 660; be rid of, get rid of.
	Adj. saved &c. v.  extricable, redeemable, rescuable.
	Int. to the rescue!
<--%
3. Precursory Measures
%-->[[preparation]]
	#673. Preparation. -- N. preparation; providing &c. v.; provision, providence.
	precaution, preconcertation[obs3], predisposition.
	forecast &c. (plan) 626; rehearsal, practise, note of preparation.
	{{mcaused_by: anticipation, foresight, R510}}.
	[Putting in order] arrangement &c. 60.
	clearance; adjustment &c. 23; tuning.
	equipment, equippage, outfit, outfitting, accouterment, armament, array.
	ripening &c. v.; maturation, evolution; elaboration, concoction, digestion.
	gestation, batching, incubation, sitting.
	[preparative study] homework.
	groundwork, spadework, first stone, cradle, stepping-stone.
	foundation, scaffold &c. (support) 215; scaffolding, echafaudage[Fr].
	[Preparation of men] training &c. (education) 537; inurement &c. (habit) 613; novitiate.
	[ Preparation  of food]cooking, cookery; brewing, culinary art.
	[ Preparation  of the soil] tilling , plowing, sowing; semination[obs3], cultivation.
	[State of being prepared] preparedness, readiness, ripeness, mellowness; maturity; un impromptu fait a loisir[Fr].
	[ref: person who prepares, Preparer].
	V. prepare; get ready, make ready; make preparations, settle preliminaries, get up, sound the note of preparation.
	set in order, put in order &c. (arrange) 60; forecast &c. (plan) 626 prepare the ground, plow the ground, dress the ground; till the soil, cultivate the soil.
	lay the foundations, predispose, sow the seed, lay a train, dig a mine; lay the groundwork, fix  the groundwork, lay the basis, fix  the basis, fix  the foundations; dig the foundations, erect the scaffolding.
	{{precedes: lay the first stone &c. (begin) 66}}.
	roughhew; cut out work; block out, hammer out; lick into shape &c. (form) 240.
	elaborate, mature, ripen, mellow, season, bring to maturity; nurture &c. (aid) 707; hatch, cook, brew; temper, anneal, smelt; barbecue; infumate[obs1]; maturate.
	equip, arm, man, outfit; fit-out, fit up; furnish, rig, dress, garnish, betrim[obs3], accouter, array, fettle, fledge; pack; dress up, furbish up, brush up, vamp up; refurbish.
	sharpen one's tools, trim one's foils, set, prime, attune; whet the knife, whet the sword; wind up, screw up; adjust &c. (fit) 27; put in trim, put in train, put in gear, put in working order, put in tune, put in a groove for, put in harness.
	train &c. (teach) 537; inure &c. (habituate) 613; breed; prepare &c. for; rehearse; make provision for; take steps, take measures;; provide, provide against; beat up for recruits; open the door to &c. (facilitate) 705.
	set one's house in order, make all snug; clear the decks, clear for action; close one's ranks; shuffle the cards.
	prepare oneself; serve an apprenticeship &c. (learn) 539; lay oneself out for, get into harness, gird up one's loins, buckle on one's armor, reculer pour mieux sauter[Fr], prime and load, shoulder arms, get the steam up, put the horses to.
	guard against, make sure against, take precautions; forearm, make sure, prepare for the evil day, have a rod in pickle, provide against a rainy day, feather one's nest; lay in provisions &c. 637; make investments; keep on foot.
	be prepared, be ready &c. adj.; hold oneself in readiness, keep one's powder dry; lie in wait for &c. (expect) 507.
	anticipate &c. (foresee) 510;  principiis obstare[Lat]; veniente occurrere morbo[Lat].
	Adj. preparing &c. v.; in preparation,  in course of preparation, in agitation,  in embryo,  in hand,  in train; afoot, afloat; on foot, on the stocks, on the anvil; under consideration &c. (plan) 626; brewing, batching, forthcoming, brooding; in store for, in reserve.
	precautionary, provident; preparative, preparatory; provisional, inchoate, under revision; preliminary &c. (precedent) 62.
	prepared &c. v.; in readiness; ready, ready to one's band, ready made, ready cut and dried: made to one's hand, handy, on the table; in gear; in working order,in working gear; snug; in practice.
	ripe, mature, mellow; pukka[obs3]; practiced &c. (skilled) 698; labored, elaborate, highly-wrought, smelling of the lamp, worked up.
	in full feather, in best bib and tucker; in harness, at harness; in the saddle, in arms, in battle array, in war paint; up in arms; armed at all points, armed  to the teeth, armed  cap a pie; sword in hand; booted and spurred.
	in utrumque paratus[Lat], semper paratus[Lat]; on the alert &c. (vigilant) 459; at one's post.
	Adv. preparatively, in preparation, in anticipation of; against, for; abroach[obs3].
	Phr. a bove majori discit arare minor[Lat]; "looking before and after " [Hamlet], si vis pacem para bellum[Lat]; "be prepared" [Boy Scouts Motto].

	#674. Nonpreparation. -- N. non-preparation, absence of preparation, want of preparation; inculture[obs1], inconcoction[obs1], improvidence.
	immaturity, crudity; rawness &c. adj.; abortion; disqualification.
	[Absence of art] nature, state of nature; virgin soil, unweeded garden; neglect &c. 460.
	rough copy &c. (plan) 626; germ &c. 153; raw material &c. 635.
	improvisation &c. (impulse) 612.
	{{trait_of: Ethelred the Unready}}.
	V. be unprepared &c. adj.; want preparation, lack preparation; lie fallow; s'embarquer sans biscuits[Fr]; live from hand to mouth.
	[Render unprepared] dismantle &c. (render useless) 645; undress &c. 226.
	extemporize, improvise, ad lib, wing it.
	Adj. unprepared, unready &c. [prepare &c. 673]; ill-prepared; without preparation &c. 673; incomplete &c. 53; rudimental, embryonic, abortive; immature, unripe, kachcha[obs3], raw, green, crude; coarse; rough cast, rough hewn; in the rough; unhewn[obs3], unformed, unfashioned[obs3], unwrought, unlabored[obs3], unblown, uncooked, unboiled, unconcocted, unpolished.
	unhatched, unfledged, unnurtured[obs3], unlicked[obs3], untaught, uneducated, uncultivated,. untrained, untutored, undrilled, unexercised; deckle-edged[obs3]; precocious, premature; undigested, indigested[obs3]; unmellowed[obs3], unseasoned, unleavened.
	unrehearsed, unscripted, extemporaneous, improvised, spontaneous, ad lib, ad libitem [Latin].
	fallow; unsown, untilled; natural, in a state of nature; undressed; in dishabille, en deshabille[Fr].
	unqualified, disqualified; unfitted; ill-digested; unbegun, unready, unarranged[obs3], unorganized, unfurnished, unprovided, unequipped, untrimmed; out of gear, out of order; dismantled &c. v.
	shiftless, improvident, unthrifty, thriftless, thoughtless, unguarded; happy-go-lucky; caught napping &c. (inexpectant) 508[obs3]; unpremeditated &c. 612.
	Adv. extempore &c. 612.

	#675. Essay. -- N. essay, trial, endeavor, attempt; aim, struggle, venture, adventure, speculation, coup d'essai[Fr], debut; probation &c. (experiment) 463.
	V. try, essay; experiment &c. 463; endeavor, strive; tempt, attempt, make an attempt; venture, adventure, speculate, take one's chance, tempt fortune; try one's fortune, try one's luck, try one's hand; use one's endeavor; feel one's way, grope one's way, pick one's way.
	try hard, push, make a bold push, use one's best endeavor; do one's best &c. (exertion) 686.
	Adj. essaying &c. v.; experimental &c. 463; tentative, empirical, probationary.
	Adv. experimentally &c. adj.; on trial, at a venture; by rule of thumb. if one may be so bold.
	Phr. aut non tentaris aut perfice [Lat][Ovid]; chi non s'arrischia non guadagna[Fr].

	#676. Undertaking. -- N. undertaking; compact &c. 769; adventure, venture; engagement &c. (promise) 768; enterprise, emprise[obs3]; pilgrimage; matter in hand &c. (business ) 625; move; first move &c. (beginning) 66.
	V. undertake; engage in, embark in; launch into, plunge into; volunteer; apprentice oneself to; engage &c. (promise) 768; contract &c. 769; take upon oneself, take upon one's shoulders; devote oneself to &c. (determination) 604.
	take up, take  in hand; tackle; set about, go about; set to, fall to, set to work; launch forth; set up shop; put in hand, put in execution; set forward; break the neck of a business, be in, for; put one's hand to, put one's foot in; betake oneself to, turn one's hand to, go to do; begin &c. 66; broach, institute &c. one's (originate) 153; put one's hand to the plow, lay one's hand to the plow, put one's shoulder to the wheel.
	have in hand &c. (business) 625; have many irons in the fire &c. (activity) 682.
	Adj. undertaking &c. v.; on the anvil &c. 625.
	Int. here goes!

	#677. Use. -- N. use; employ, employment; exercise, exercitation[obs3]; application, appliance; adhibition[obs3], disposal; consumption; agency &c. (physical) 170; usufruct; usefulness &c. 644; benefit; recourse, resort, avail.
	[Conversion to use] utilization, service, wear.
	[Way of using] usage.
	V. use,.make use of, employ, put to use; put in action, put in operation, put in practice; set in motion, set to work.
	ply, work, wield, handle, manipulate; play, play off; exert, exercise, practice, avail oneself of, profit by, resort to, have recourse to, recur to, take betake oneself to; take up with, take advantage of; lay one's hands on, try.
	render useful &c. 644; mold; turn to account, turn to use; convert to use, utilize; work up; call into play, bring into play; put into requisition; call forth, draw forth; press into  service, enlist into the service; bring to bear upon, devote, dedicate, consecrate, apply, adhibit[obs3], dispose of; make a handle of, make a cat's-paw of.
	fall back upon, make a shift with; make the most of, make the best of.
	use up, swallow up; consume, absorb, expend; tax, task, wear, put to task.
	{{has_subtype}} reuse.
	{{has_subtype(reuse)}} cannibalize.
	Adj. in use; used &c. v.; well-worn, well-trodden.
	useful &c. 644; subservient &c. (instrumental) 631.

	#678. Disuse. -- N. forbearance, abstinence; disuse; relinquishment &c. 782; desuetude &c. (want of habit) 614; disusage[obs3].
	V. not use; do without, dispense with, let alone, not touch, forbear, abstain, spare, waive, neglect; keep back, reserve. lay up, lay by, lay on the shelf, keep on the shelf,lay up in ordinary; lay up in a napkin; shelve; set aside, put aside, lay aside; disuse, leave off, have done with; supersede; discard &c. (eject) 297; dismiss, give warning.
	throw aside &c. (relinquish) 782; make away with &c. (destroy) 162; cast overboard , heave overboard , throw overboard; cast to the dogs, cast to the winds; dismantle &c. (Render useless) 645.
	lie unemployed , remain unemployed &c. adj.
	Adj. not used &c. v.; unemployed, unapplied, undisposed of, unspent, unexercised, untouched, untrodden, unessayed[obs3], ungathered[obs3], unculled; uncalled for, not required.
	disused &c. v.; done with.

	#679. Misuse. -- N. misuse, misusage, misemployment[obs3], misapplication, misappropriation.
	abuse, profanation, prostitution, desecration; waste &c. 638.
	V. misuse, misemploy, misapply, misappropriate.
	desecrate, abuse, profane, prostitute: waste &c. 638; overtask, overtax, overwork: squander &c. 818.
	cut blocks with a razor, employ a steam engine to crack a nut; catch at a straw.
	Adj. misused &c. v.
	Phr. ludere cum sacris[Lat].

M7.3  Action  (R680 to R703) [[action]]
	N. action.

<-- For this hierarchy, each the below categories (including inaction!) will be considered a subtype of action. (Thus, doing nothing is doing something!) -->
M7.3.1   simple.action  R680 to R691
<---  	680.	Acting					681.	Inaction
		682.	Activity					683.	Inactivity
		684.	Haste					685.	Leisure
		686.	Exertion					687.	Repose
		688.	Fatigue					689.	Refreshment
		690.	Agent
		691.	Workshop
 -->
	N. simple.action.

<-- actions of humans/agents.  Distinguish from physical events -->
M7.3.1.1   acting  
	#680. Acting.
	N. {{hperforms(agent, R687, @M7.3.1}} acting, action, performance; doing, &c. v.; perpetration; exercise, excitation; movement, operation, evolution; praxis, execution; procedure &c. (conduct) 692; handicraft; business &c. 625; agency &c. (power at work) 170.
	deed, act, overt act, stitch, touch, gest transaction[obs3], job, doings, dealings, proceeding, measure, step, maneuver, bout, passage, move, stroke, blow; coup, coup de main, coup d'etat[Fr]; tour de force &c. (display) 882; feat, exploit; achievement &c. (completion) 729; handiwork, workmanship; manufacture; stroke of policy &c. (plan) 626.
	actor &c. (doer) 690.
	{{property_of}} human activity.
	{{has_subtype(human activity: @R686, work, labor}}.
	{{has_subtype(human activity: @R685a, play}}.
	{{has_subtype(human activity: learning, studying; idleness}}.
	V. do, perform, execute; achieve &c. (complete) 729; transact, enact; commit, perpetrate, inflict; exercise, prosecute, carry on, work, practice, play.
	employ oneself, ply one's task; officiate, have in hand &c. (business) 625; labor &c. 686; be at work; pursue a course; shape one's course &c. (conduct) 692.
	act, operate; take action, take steps; strike a blow, lift a finger, stretch forth one's hand; take in hand &c. (undertake) 676; put oneself in motion; put in practice; carry into execution &c. (complete) 729; act upon.
	be an actor &c. 690; take a part in, act a part in, play a part in, perform a part in; participate in; have a hand in, have a finger in the pie; have to do with; be a party to, be a participator in; bear a hand, lend a hand; pull an oar, run in a race; mix oneself up with &c. (meddle) 682.
	be in action; come into operation &c. (power at work) 170.
	Adj. doing &c. v.; acting; in action; in harness; on duty; in operation &c. 170.
	Adv. in the act, in the midst of, in the thick of; red‑handed, in flagrante delicto[Lat]; while one's hand is in.
	Phr. "action is eloquence" [Coriolanus]; actions speak louder than words; actum aiunt ne agas [obs3][Lat][Terence]; "awake, arise, or be forever fall'n" [Paradise Lost]; dii pia facta vident [Lat][Ovid]; faire sans dire[Fr]; fare fac[It]; fronte capillata post est occasio calva[Lat]; " our deeds are sometimes better than our thoughts" [Bailey]; "the great end of life is not knowledge but action " [Huxley]; "thought is the soul of act" [R. Browning]; vivre-ce nest pas respirer c'est agir[Fr][obs3]; "we live in deeds not years" [Bailey].

M7.3.1.1.1   Ingestion. Eating. Meal.  [[eating]]
<-- separate eating from food  -->
	#298a.  Eating. {{consumed_by(food, R298, P2.3.1.3.2}} {{has_conceptual_part(tasting)}} ingestion.
	eating; deglutition, gulp, epulation[obs3], mastication, manducation[obs3], rumination.
	{{property_of(excessive): gluttony &c. 957}}.
	{[with_object(horse)]} hippophagy[obs3].
	{[with_object(fish)]} ichthyophagy[obs3].
	{{caused_by: appetite &c. 865}}
	{{uses(eating)}} {{has_subtype(body part): mouth, jaws, mandible, mazard[obs3], chops}}.
	drinking; potation, draught, libation.
	carousal &c. (amusement) 840; drunkenness &c. 959.
	{{performed_by: diner; hippophage; glutton &c. 957}}.
	V. eat, feed, fare, devour, swallow, take; gulp, gulp down, bolt, snap, wolf down; fall to; despatch, dispatch; discuss; take down, get down; lay in, tuck in*; lick, pick, peck; gormandize &c. 957; bite, champ, munch, munch on, cranch[obs3], craunch[obs3], crunch, chew, masticate, nibble, gnaw, mumble.
	live on; feed upon, batten upon, fatten upon, feast upon; browse, graze, crop, regale; carouse &c. (make merry) 840;  eat heartily, do justice to, play a good knife and fork, banquet.
	breakfast ,lunch, dine, take tea, sup; break bread, break one's fast.
	drink in, drink up, drink one's fill;  quaff, sip, sup; suck, suck up; lap; swig; swill*, chugalug[slang], tipple &c. (be drunken) 959; empty one's glass, drain the cup; toss off, toss one's glass;  wash down, crack a bottle, wet one's whistle.
	purvey &c. 637.
	Adj. eatable, edible, esculent[obs3], comestible, alimentary; cereal, cibarious[obs3]; dietetic; culinary; nutritive, nutritious; gastric; succulent; potable, potulent[obs1]; bibulous; {{similar_to: tasty, delicious, appetizing R394}}.
	omnivorous, carnivorous, herbivorous, granivorous[obs3], graminivorous, phytivorous[obs3]; ichthyivorous[obs3]; omophagic[obs3], omophagous[obs3]; pantophagous[obs3], phytophagous[obs3], xylophagous[Biol].
	Phr.  "across the walnuts and the wine" [Tennyson]; "blessed hour of our dinners!" [O. Meredith];  "now good digestion wait on appetite, and health on both!" [Macbeth]; "who can cloy the hungry edge of appetite?" 
[Richard II].

M7.3.1.1.1.1  Meal  [[meal]] 
	N. {{has_subtype(eating, M7.3.1.1)}} {{&required_for(cooking/preparation)}} {{consumed_by(food, R298, P2.3.1.3.2)}} meal, repast.
	feed, spread, mess, groaning board; regale; regalement[obs3], refreshment, entertainment; refection, collation.
	breakfast; brunch; lunch, luncheon; dinner, supper, evening meal, evening repast, dejeuner[Fr], bever[obs3], tiffin[obs3].
	{{has_part(meal)}} course, dish, plate; appetizer, hors d'oeuvre[Fr]; main course,  entree;  dessert.
	{{precedes(appetizer): main course}}.
	{{precedes(main course): dessert}}.
	{{has_subtype(hors d'oeuvre)}} {{origin_of(Italy)}} antipasto.
	{{location_of(outdoors)}} cookout, barbecue, picnic.
	potluck, table d'hote[Fr], dejeuner a la fourchette[Fr].
	{{has_small_quantity}} quick meal, fast food; TV dinner; snack, bite, junk food, whet, nosh, bait.
	{{has_subtype(snack)}} midnight snack.
	{{has_large_quantity}} hearty meal, square meal, substantial meal, full meal, soup to nuts, seven-course meal; feast, banquet, junket; festival, fete.
	blowout; light refreshment; bara[obs3], chotahazri[obs3]; bara khana[obs3].
	table, cuisine, bill of fare, menu, table d'hote[Fr], ordinary.

<-- [[parting]]  -->
M7.3.1.1.2  Parting
	N. parting, separating, moving apart; detachment, detaching, segregation; moving away.
	cutting; divorce, sejunction[obs1], seposition[obs1], diduction[obs3], diremption[obs3], discerption[obs3]; elision; fracture, division, rupture; compartition [obs1]; dismemberment,  dislocation; luxation[obs3]; separation, separating, severance, disseverance; scission; rescission, abscission; laceration, circumcision, dilaceration[obs3]; disruption, abruption[obs3]; avulsion[obs3], divulsion[obs3]; section, resection, cleavage; fission.
	punching, die cutting, punching out.
	partibility[obs3], separability.
	{{caused_by: parting &c. v.}}.
	{{caused_by}} dissection, anatomy; decomposition &c. 49.
	V. part, move apart, move away.
	fall apart, come apart; come off, fall off, come to pieces, fall to pieces; peel off; get loose.
	cut, slice, slit, lacerate; rend, sunder, divide, subdivide, sever, dissever, abscind[obs3]; circumcise; incide[obs1], incise; saw; snip, nib, nip, cleave, rive, split, splinter.
	chip, crack, snap, break, tear, burst; rend asunder, cleave in twain, rend in twain; wrench, rupture, shatter, shiver, cranch[obs3], crunch, craunch[obs3], chop.
	{{function_of(punch, @P2.3.1.3.12.4.1)}} punch, punch out.
	set free &c. (liberate) 750.
	throw out of gear; cut adrift; loose; unloose, undo, unbind, unchain, unlock &c. (fix) 43, unpack.
	disassemble, unassemble, take apart.
	{{property_of(multiplicity)}} chop up, cut up, slice up; rip up; hack, hew, slash; whittle; haggle, hackle, discind[obs1], scramble, mangle, gash, hash.
	carve.
	dissect, anatomize; dislimb[obs3]; take to pieces, pull to pieces, pick to pieces, tear to pieces; tear to tatters, tear piecemeal, tear limb from limb; divellicate[obs3]; skin &c. 226.
	disintegrate, dismember, disbranch[obs3], disband; disperse &c. 73; dislocate, disjoint; break up; mince; comminute &c. (pulverize) 330; apportion &c. 786.
	part, part company; separate, leave.

<--  [[acting]]  put new actions or relocate actions here -->
M7.3.1.2  Inaction
	#681. Inaction. -- N. inaction, passiveness, abstinence from action; noninterference, nonintervention; Fabian policy, conservative policy; neglect &c. 460.
	inactivity &c. 683; rest &c. (repose) 687; quiescence &c. 265; want of occupation, inoccupation[obs3]; idle hours, time hanging on one's hands, dolce far niente[It]; sinecure, featherbed, featherbedding, cushy job, no-show job; soft snap, soft  thing.
	V. not do, not act, not attempt; be inactive &c. 683; abstain from doing, do nothing, hold, spare; not stir, not move, not lift a finger, not lift a foot, not lift a peg; fold one's arms, fold one's hands; leave alone, let alone; let be, let pass, let things take their course, let it have its way, let well alone, let well enough alone; quieta non movere[Lat]; stare super antiquas vias[Lat][obs3]; rest and be thankful, live and let live; lie rest upon one's oars; laisser aller[Fr], faire[Fr]; stand aloof; refrain &c. (avoid) 623 keep oneself from doing; remit one's efforts, relax one's efforts; desist &c. (relinquish) 624; stop &c. (cease) 142; pause &c. (be quiet) 265.
	wait, lie in wait, bide one's time, take time, tide it over.
	cool one's heels, kick one's heels; while away the time,  while away tedious hours; pass the time, fill up the time, beguile the time; talk against time; let the grass grow under one's feet; waste time &c. (inactive) 683.
	lie by, lie on the shelf, lie in ordinary, lie idle, lie to, lie fallow; keep quiet, slug; have nothing to do, whistle for want of thought.
	undo, do away with; take down, take to pieces; destroy &c. 162.
	Adj. not doing &c. v.; not done &c. v.; undone; passive; unoccupied, unemployed; out of employ, out of work; fallow; desaeuvre[Fr].
	Adv. re infecta[Lat], at a stand, les bras croisis[Fr], with folded arms; with the hands in the pockets, with the hands behind one's back; pour passer le temps[Fr].
	Int. so let it be! stop! &c. 142; hands off!
	Phr. cunctando restituit rem "If it ain't broke don't fix it" [Lat][Bert Lance]; stare decisis [Latin: (Law) let the decision stand];. 

<--  [[activity]]   This entry is for words describing brisk activity.  Action generally is under R680.  -->
M7.3.1.3  Activity
	#682. Activity. -- N. activity, action; movement.
	{{has_high_level}} briskness, liveliness &c. adj.; animation, life, vivacity, spirit, dash, energy; snap, vim.
	{{has_high_level}} nimbleness, agility; smartness, quickness &c. adj.; velocity, &c. 274; alacrity, promptitude; despatch, dispatch; expedition; haste &c. 684; punctuality &c. (early) 132.
	{{has_high_level}} eagerness, zeal, ardor, perfervidum aingenium[Lat][obs3], empressement[Fr], earnestness, intentness; abandon; vigor &c. (physical energy) 171; devotion &c. (resolution) 604; exertion &c. 686.
	{{has_high_level}} industry, assiduity; assiduousness &c. adj.; sedulity; laboriousness; drudgery &c. (labor) 686; painstaking, diligence; perseverance &c. 604a; indefatigation[obs1]; habits of business.
	{{has_high_level}} vigilance &c. 459; wakefulness; sleeplessness, restlessness; insomnia; pervigilium[obs3], insomnium[obs3]; racketing.
	{{has_high_level}} bustle, stir, fuss, ado, bother, pottering, fidget, fidgetiness; flurry &c. (haste) 684.
	officiousness; dabbling, meddling; interference, interposition, intermeddling; tampering with, intrigue.
	press of business, no sinecure, plenty to do, many irons in the fire, great doings, busy hum of men, battle of life, thick of the action.
	{{property_of(assiduousness): @P2.3.2.3.2.4.30,  hustler; 
housewife, busy bee; young turk, new broom; sharp fellow, sharp blade; devotee, enthusiast, zealot, meddler, intermeddler, intriguer, busybody, pickthank[obs3]; hummer, live man [U.S.], rustler [U. S.]}}.
	V. be active &c. adj.; busy oneself in; stir, stir about, stir one's stumps; bestir oneself, rouse oneself; speed, hasten, peg away, lay about one, bustle, fuss; raise up, kick up a dust; push; make a push, make a fuss, make a stir; go ahead, push forward; fight one's way, elbow one's way; make progress &c. 282; toll &c. (labor) 686; plod, persist &c. (persevere) 604a; keep up the ball, keep the pot boiling.
	look sharp; have all one's eyes about one &c. (vigilance) 459; rise, arouse oneself, hustle, get up early, be about, keep moving, steal a march, kill two birds with one stone; seize the opportunity &c. 134 lose no time, not lose a moment, make the most of one's time, not suffer the grass to grow under one's feet, improve the shining hour, make short work of; dash off; make haste &c. 684; do one's best take pains &c. (exert oneself)
686; do wonders, work wonders.
	have many irons in the fire, have one's hands full, have much on one's hands; have other things to do, have other fish to fry; be busy; not have a moment to spare, not have a moment that one can call one's own.
	have one's fling, run the round of; go all lengths, stick at nothing, run riot.
	outdo; overdo, overact, overlay, overshoot the mark; make a toil of a pleasure.
	have a hand in &c. (act in) 680; take an active part, put in one's oar, have a finger in the pie, mix oneself up with, trouble, one's head about, intrigue; agitate.
	tamper with, meddle, moil; intermeddle, interfere, interpose; obtrude; poke one's nose in, thrust one's nose in.
	[render active] activate, energize.
	Adj. active, brisk, brisk as a lark, brisk as a bee; lively, animated, vivacious; alive, alive and kicking; frisky, spirited, stirring.
	nimble, nimble as a squirrel; agile; light-footed, nimble‑footed; featly[obs3], tripping.
	quick, prompt, yare[obs3], instant, ready, alert, spry, sharp, smart; fast &c. (swift) 274; quick as a lamplighter, expeditious; awake, broad awake; go-ahead, live  wide-awake &c. (intelligent) 498[U.S.].
	forward, eager, strenuous, zealous, enterprising, in earnest; resolute &c. 604. 
	industrious, assiduous, diligent, sedulous, notable, painstaking; intent &c. (attention) 457; indefatigable &c. (persevering) 604a; unwearied; unsleeping[obs3], never tired; plodding, hard-working &c. 686; businesslike, workaday.
	bustling; restless, restless as a hyena; fussy, fidgety, pottering; busy, busy as hen with one chicken.
	working, at work, on duty, in harness; up in arms; on one's legs, at call; up and doing, up and stirring.
	busy, occupied; hard at work, hard at it; up to one's ears in, full of business, busy as a bee, busy as a one-armed paperhanger.
	meddling &c. v.; meddlesome, pushing, officious, overofficious[obs3], intrigant[obs3].
	astir, stirring; agoing[obs3], afoot; on foot; in full swing; eventful; on the alert, &c. (vigilant) 459.
	Adv. actively &c. adj.; with life and spirit, with might and main &c. 686,with haste &c. 684, with wings; full tilt, in mediis rebus[Lat].
	Int. be alive, look alive, look sharp! move on, push on! keep moving! go ahead! stir your stumps! age quod agis[Lat]! jaldi[obs3]!  karo[obs3]! step lively!
	Phr. carpe diem  &c. (opportunity) 134[Latin: seize the day]; nulla dies sine linea   [Latin][Pliny]; nec mora nec requies   [Latin][Vergil]; the plot thickens; No sooner said than done &c. (early) 132; "veni vidi vici" [Lat][Suetonius]; catch a weasel asleep; abends wird der Faule fleissig [German]; dictum ac factum [Lat][Terence]; schwere Arbeit in der Jugend ist sanfte Ruhe im Alter [German: hard work in youth means soft rest in age]; "the busy hum of men " [Milton].

M7.3.1.4  Inactivity
	#683. Inactivity. -- N. inactivity; inaction &c. 681; inertness &c. 172; obstinacy &c. 606.
lull &c. (cessation) 142; quiescence &c. 265; rust, rustiness.
	idleness, remissness &c. adj.; sloth, indolence, indiligence[obs3]; dawdling &c. v. ergophobia[obs3], otiosity[obs3].
	dullness &c. adj.; languor; segnity[obs1], segnitude[obs1]; lentor[obs3]; sluggishness &c. (slowness) 275; procrastination &c. (delay) 133; torpor, torpidity, torpescence[obs3]; stupor &c. (insensibility) 823; somnolence; drowsiness &c. adj.; nodding &c. v.; oscitation[obs3], oscitancy[obs3]; pandiculation[obs3], hypnotism, lethargy; statuvolence heaviness[obs3], heavy eyelids.
	sleep, slumber; sound sleep, heavy sleep, balmy sleep; Morpheus; Somnus; coma, trance, ecstasis[obs3], dream, hibernation, nap, doze, snooze, siesta, wink of sleep, forty winks, snore; hypnology[obs3].
	dull work; pottering; relaxation &c. (loosening) 47; Castle of Indolence.
	[Cause of inactivity] lullaby, sedative, tranquilizer, hypnotic, sleeping pill, relaxant, anaesthetic, general anaesthetic  &c. 174; torpedo.
	[person who is inactive] idler, drone, droil[obs3], dawdle, mopus[obs3]; do-little faineant[Fr],  dummy, sleeping partner; afternoon farmer; truant &c. (runaway) 623: bummer[obs2], loafer, goldbrick, goldbicker, lounger, lazzarone[It]; lubber, lubbard[obs3]; slow coach &c. (slow.) 275; opium eater, lotus eater; slug; lag[obs2], sluggard, slugabed; slumberer, dormouse, marmot; waiter on Providence, fruges consumere natus[Lat].
	V. be inactive &c. adj.; do nothing &c. 681; move slowly &c. 275; let the grass grow under one's feet; take one's time, dawdle, drawl, droil[obs3], lag, hang back, slouch; loll, lollop[obs3]; lounge, poke, loaf, loiter; go to sleep over; sleep at one's post, ne battre que d'une aile[Fr][obs3].
	take it easy, take things as they come; lead an easy life, vegetate, swim with the stream, eat the bread of idleness; loll in the lap of luxury, loll in the lap of indolence; waste time, consume time, kill time, lose time; burn daylight, waste the precious hours.
	idle away time, trifle away time, fritter away time, fool away time; spend time in, take time in; peddle, piddle; potter, pudder[obs3], dabble, faddle fribble[obs3], fiddle-faddle; dally, dilly-dally.
	sleep, slumber, be asleep; hibernate; oversleep; sleep like a top, sleep like a log, sleep like a dormouse; sleep soundly, heavily; doze, drowze[obs3], snooze, nap; take a nap &c. n.; dream; snore one's best; settle to sleep, go to sleep, go off to sleep; doze off, drop off; fall asleep; drop asleep; close the eyes, seal up the eyes, seal up eyelids; weigh down the eyelids; get sleep, nod, yawn; go to bed, turn; get some z's, stack z's [coll.].
	languish, expend itself, flag, hang fire; relax.
	render idle &c. adj.; sluggardize[obs3]; mitigate &c. 174.
	Adj. inactive; motionless &c. 265; unoccupied &c. (doing nothing) 681 unbusied[obs3].
	indolent, lazy, slothful, idle, lusk[obs3], remiss, slack, inert, torpid, sluggish, otiose, languid, supine, heavy, dull, leaden, lumpish[obs3]; exanimate[obs3], soulless; listless; drony[obs3], dronish[obs3]; lazy as Ludlam's dog.
	dilatory, laggard; lagging &c. v.; slow &c. 275; rusty, flagging; lackadaisical, maudlin, fiddle-faddle; pottering &c. v.;shilly-shally &c. (irresolute) 605.
	sleeping, &c. v.; asleep; fast asleep, dead asleep, sound asleep; in a sound sleep; sound as a top, dormant, comatose; in the arms of Morpheus, in the lap of Morpheus.
	sleepy, sleepful[obs3]; dozy[obs3], drowsy, somnolent, torpescent[obs3], lethargic, lethargical[obs3]; somnifacient[obs3]; statuvolent[obs3], statuvolic[obs3]; heavy, heavy with sleep; napping; somnific[obs3], somniferous; soporous[obs3], soporific, soporiferous[obs3]; hypnotic; balmy, dreamy; unawakened, unawakened.
	sedative &c. 174.
	Adv. inactively &c. adj.; at leisure &c. 685.
	Phr. the eyes begin to draw straws; "bankrupt of life yet prodigal of ease" [Dryden]; " better 50 years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay" [Tennyson]; "idly busy rolls their world away " [Goldsmith]; "the mystery of folded sleep" [Tennyson]; "the timely dew of sleep" [Milton]; "thou driftest gently down the tides of sleep" [Longfellow]; "tired Nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep" [Young].

M7.3.1.5  Haste
	#684. Haste. -- N. haste, urgency,; despatch, dispatch; acceleration, spurt, spirt[obs3], forced march, rush, dash; speed, velocity &c. 274; precipitancy, precipitation, precipitousness &c. adj.; impetuosity; brusquerie[obs3]; hurry, drive, scramble, bustle, fuss, fidget, flurry, flutter, splutter.
	V. haste, hasten; make haste, make a dash &c. n.; hurry on, dash on, whip on, push on, press on, press forward; hurry, skurry[obs3], scuttle along, barrel along, bundle on, dart to and fro, bustle, flutter, scramble; plunge, plunge headlong; dash off; rush &c. (violence) 173; express.
	bestir oneself &c. (be active) 682; lose no time, lose not a moment, lose not an instant; make short work of; make the best of one's time, make the best of one's way. 
	be precipitate &c. adj.; jump at, be in haste, be in a hurry &c. n.; have no time, have not a moment to lose, have not a moment to spare; work against time.
	quicken &c. 274; accelerate, expedite, put on, precipitate, urge, whip; railroad.
	Adj. hasty, hurried, brusque; scrambling, cursory, precipitate, headlong, furious, boisterous, impetuous, hotheaded; feverish, fussy; pushing.
	in haste, in a hurry &c. n.; in hot haste, in all haste; breathless, pressed for time, hard pressed, urgent.
	Adv. with haste, with all haste, with breathless speed; in haste &c. adj.; apace &c. (swiftly) 274; amain[obs3]; all at once &c. (instantaneously) 113; at short notice &c., immediately &c. (early) 132; posthaste; by cable, by express, by telegraph, by forced marches.
	hastily, precipitately &c. adj.; helter-skelter, hurry-skurry[obs3], holus-bolus; slapdash, slap-bang; full-tilt, full drive; heels over head, head and shoulders, headlong, a corps perdu[Fr].
	by fits and starts, by spurts; hop skip and jump.
	Phr. sauve qui peut[French: every man for himself][panic], devil take the hindmost, no time to be lost; no sooner said than done &c. (early) 132; a word and a blow; haste makes waste, maggiore  fretta minore atto [Italian]; ohne Hast aber ohne Rast  [German][Goethe's motto]; "stand not upon the order of your going but go at once" [Macbeth]; "swift, swift, you dragons of the night" [Cymbeline].

<--  [game]]  -->
M7.3.1.6  Liesure
	#685. Leisure. -- N. {{has_subtype(human activity, @R680)}} leisure, convenience.
	{{co-occurs_with}} leisure time, spare time, spare hours, spare moments; vacant hour; time, time to spare, time on one's hands.
	{{co-occurs_with(leisure time)}} after hours, after-work time; holiday; vacation.
	{{antonym_of(leisure time): work time, working hours}}.
	ease, relaxation  &c. (rest) 687; otium cum dignitate [Lat][Cicero].
	no hurry; no big rush; no deadline.
	{{has_activity}}  play, playing.
	{{has_subtype(playing)}} {{property_of(R720, competition, rivalry)}} game.
	{{has_subtype(game)}} {{has_subtype(competition, R720)}} sport.
	{{has_subtype(sport): professional sport, @P2.3.2.3.2.3.5}}.
	V. have leisure &c. n.; take one's time, take one's leisure, take one's ease; repose &c. 687; move slowly &c. 275; while away the time &c. (inaction) 681; be master of one's time, be an idle man.
	Adj. leisure, leisurely; slow &c. 275; deliberate, quiet, calm, undisturbed; at leisure, at one's ease, at loose ends, at a loose end.
	Adv. unhurriedly, deliberately, without undue haste; anytime.
	Phr. time hanging heavy on one's hands; eile mit Weile[Ger].

<-- [[labor]]  -->
M7.3.1.7  Exertion
	#686. Exertion. -- N. exertion, effort, strain, tug, pull, stress, throw, stretch, struggle, spell, spurt, spirt[obs3]; stroke of work, stitch of work.
	"a strong pull a long pull and a pull all together"; dead lift; heft; gymnastics; exercise, exercitation[obs3]; wear and tear; ado; toil and trouble; uphill work, hard work, warm work; harvest time.
	labor, work, toil.
	{{has_subtype(labor}} travail, manual labor, sweat of one's brow, swink[obs3],  drudgery.
	{{has_subtype(labor}} slavery, fagging[obs3], hammering; limae labor[Lat].
	{{has_subtype(labor}} industry, industriousness, operoseness[obs3], operosity[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(labor}} trouble, pains; resolution &c. 604; energy &c. (physical) 171.
	{{has_subtype(labor}} task, project, chore, undertakng, enterprise.
	{{has_subtype(labor}} duty, assignment, mission, responsibility, charge.
	{{has_subtype(labor)}} tour of duty, stint, shift, watch.
	{{has_subtype(duty): employment, paid employment, occupation, P2.3.2.3.2.3}}.
	{{has_location(employment): workshop, P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.2}}.
	V. exert oneself; exert one's energies, tax one's energies; use exertion.
	labor, work, toil, moil, sweat, fag, drudge, slave, drag a lengthened chain, wade through, strive, stretch a long arm; pull, tug, ply; ply the oar, tug at the oar; do the work; take the laboring oar
	bestir oneself (be active) 682; take trouble, trouble oneself.
	work hard; rough it; put forth one's strength, put forth a strong arm; fall to work, bend the bow; buckle to, set one's shoulder to the wheel &c. (resolution) 604; work like a horse, work like a cart horse, work like a galley slave, work like a coal heaver; labor day and night, work day and night; redouble one's efforts; do double duty; work double hours, work double tides; sit up, burn the candle at both ends; stick to &c. (persevere) 604a; work one's way, fight one's way,; lay about one, hammer at.
	take pains; do one's best, do one's level best, do one's utmost; give one hundred percent, do the best one can, do all one can, do all in one's power, do as much as in one lies, do what lies in one's power; use one's best endeavor, use one's utmost endeavor; try one's best, try one's utmost; play one's best card; put one's best leg foremost, put one's right leg foremost; have one's whole soul in his work, put all one's strength into, strain every nerve; spare no efforts, spare no pains; go all lengths; go through fire and water &c. (resolution) 604; move heaven and earth, leave no stone unturned.
	Adj. laboring &c. v.
	laborious, operose[obs3], elaborate; strained; toilsome, troublesome, wearisome; uphill; herculean, gymnastic, palestric[obs3].
	hard-working, painstaking; strenuous, energetic.
	hard at work, on the stretch.
	Adv. laboriously &c. adj.; lustily; pugnis et calcibus[Lat]; with might and main, with all one's might, with a strong hand, with a sledge hammer, with much ado; to the best of one's abilities, totis viribus[Lat], vi et armis[Lat], manibus pedibusque[Lat], tooth and nail, unguibus et rostro[Lat], hammer and tongs, heart and soul; through thick and thin &c. (perseverance) 604a.
	by the sweat of one's brow, suo Marte.
	Phr. aide-toi le ciel t'aidera[Fr];" and still be doing, never done" [Butler]; buen principio la mitad es hecha [Sp]; cosa ben fatta e' fatta due volie [It];" it is better to wear out than to rust out" [Bp. Hornel]; labor omnia vincit  "labor, wide as the earth, has its summit in Heaven" [Lat][Vergil][Carlyle]; le travail du corps delivre des peines de l'esprit [Fr][fr]; manu forti[Lat]; ora et labora[Lat].

M7.3.1.8  Repose
	#687. Repose. -- N. repose, rest, silken repose; sleep &c. 683.
	relaxation, breathing time; halt, stay, pause &c. (cessation) 142; respite.
	day of rest, dies non, Sabbath, Lord's day, holiday, red-letter day; vacation.
	{{of_subject: school/legislature}} recess.
	V. repose; rest, rest and be thankful; take a rest, take one's ease, take it easy.
	relax, unbend, slacken; take breath &c. (refresh) 689; rest upon one's oars; pause &c. (cease) 142; stay one's hand.
	lie down; recline, recline on a bed of down, recline on an easy chair; go to rest, go to bed, go to sleep &c. 683.
	take a holiday, shut up shop; lie fallow &c. (inaction) 681.
	Adj.  reposing &c. v[of people].; relaxed &c. v.; unstrained.
	[of materials and people] unstressed.
	Adv. at rest.
	Phr."the best of men have ever loved repose" [Thompson]; "to repair our nature with comforting repose" [Henry VIII].

M7.3.1.9  Fatigue
	#688. Fatigue. -- N. fatigue; weariness &c. 841; yawning, drowsiness &c. 683; lassitude, tiredness, fatigation[obs1], exhaustion; sweat; dyspnoea.
	anhelation, shortness of breath; faintness; collapse, prostration, swoon, fainting, deliquium[Lat], syncope, lipothymy[obs3]; goneness[obs3].
	V. be fatigued &c. adj.; yawn &c. (get sleepy) 683; droop, sink, flag; lose breath, lose wind; gasp, pant, puff, blow, drop, swoon, faint, succumb.
	fatigue, tire, weary, irk, flag, jade, exhaust, wear out, prostrate, knock up[obs2]; harass.
	tax, task, strain; overtask, overwork, overburden, overtax, overstrain.
	Adj. fatigued, tired &c. v.; weary &c. 841; drowsy &c. 683; drooping &c. v.; haggard; toilworn[obs3], wayworn:, footsore, surbated[obs1],  weather-beaten; faint; done up, used up, knocked up; bushed * [U.S.]; exhausted, prostrate, spent; overtired, overspent, overfatigued; unrefreshed[obs3], unrestored.
	worn, worn out; battered, shattered, pulled down, seedy, altered.
	breathless, windless; short of breath, out of breath, short of wind; blown, puffing and blowing; short-breathed; anhelose[obs3]; broken winded, short-winded; dyspnaeal[obs3], dyspnaeic[obs3].
	ready to drop, all in, more dead than alive, dog-weary, walked off one's legs, tired to death, on one's last legs, played out, hors de combat[Fr].
	fatiguing &c. v.; tiresome, irksome, wearisome; weary, trying.

M7.3.1.10  Refreshment
	#689. Refreshment. -- N. bracing &c. v.; recovery of strength, recuperation &c. 159; restoration, revival &c. 660; repair, refection, refocillation[obs1], refreshment, regalement[obs3], bait; relief &c. 834.
	break, spell.
	refreshment stand; refreshments;  ice cream[list], cold soda, soda pop, hot dogs (food) .
	V.  brace &c. (strengthen) 159; reinvigorate; air, freshen up, refresh, recruit; repair &c. (restore) 660; fan, refocillate[obs1]; refresh the inner man.
	breathe, respire; drink in the ozone; take a break, take a breather, take five, draw breath, take a deep breath, take breath, gather breath, take a long breath, regain breath, recover breath; get better, raise one's head; recover one's strength, regain one's strength, renew one's strength &c. 159; perk up, get one's second wind.
	come to oneself &c. (revive) 660; feel refreshed, feel like a giant refreshed.
	Adj. refreshing &c. v.; recuperative &c. 660.
	refreshed &c. v.; untired[obs3], unwearied.

<-- R690, Agent, moved to person who does ... P2.3.2.3.2.5.1  agent  -->

<--  moved  workshop to edifice,  P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.2 -->

M7.3.2   Complex Voluntary Action  R692 to R703
<--   	692.	Conduct
		692a.  Method  (moved here from path, method)
		693.	Direction
<--  	694.	Director  to  P2.3.2.3.2.5.55  Director  -->
		695.	Advice
		696.	Council
		697.	Precept
		698.	Skill					699.	Unskillfulness

      R700, Proficient, and R701, Bungler, to character           
		P2.3.2.3.2.4.19   expert  (R700){{has_trait: skill}}
          P2.3.2.3.2.4.20   bungler (R701) {{has_trait: unskillfullness}}

		702.	Cunning					703.	Artlessness
-->
	#692. Conduct. -- N.   conduct[actions of an individual agent]; behavior; deportment, comportment; carriage, maintien[obs3], demeanor, guise, bearing, manner, observance.
	dealing, transaction &c. (action) 680; business &c. 625.
	tactics, game, game plan, policy, polity; generalship, statesmanship, seamanship; strategy, strategics[obs3]; plan &c. 626.
	management; husbandry; housekeeping, housewifery; stewardship; menage; regime; economy, economics; political economy; government &c. (direction) 693.
	execution, manipulation, treatment, campaign, career, life, course, walk, race, record.
	course of conduct, line of conduct, line of action, line of proceeding; role; process, ways, practice, procedure, modus operandi, MO, method of operating; method &c., path &c. 627.
	V.  transact[cause to occur], execute; despatch, dispatch; proceed with, discharge; carry on, carry through, carry out, carry into effect, put into effect; work out; go through, get through; enact; put into practice; do &c. 680; officiate &c. 625.
	bear oneself, behave oneself, comport oneself, demean oneself, carry oneself, conduct oneself, acquit oneself.
	run a race, lead a life, play a game; take a course, adopt a course; steer one's course, shape one's course; play one's paint, play one's cards, shift for oneself; paddle one's own canoe; bail one's own boat.
	conduct; manage, supervise &c. (direct) 693.
	participate &c. 680.
	deal with, have to do with; treat, handle a case; take steps, take measures.
	Adj. conducting &c. v.  strategical, businesslike, practical, executive.

[[method]]
	#692a. Method. -- N.   method, procedure, procedures, protocol, technique, course of action, system, process.
	way, manner, wise, mode, mechanism, means, fashion, modus operandi, MO.
	gait, form, tone, guise.
	{{property_of(speed)}} short cut.
	{{property_of(frequency)}} routine.
	{{property_of(secrecy)}} trade secret.
	{{has_expression(skill, R698)}} clever method, trick, trick of the trade.
	{{has_subtype(document)}} {{uses: rule book, manual, check list, handbook}}.
	{{property_of(empirical)}} scientific method.
	{{has_subtype(process)}} {{uses(manufacturing)}} industrial process.
	Adj.  methodical, systematic.
	Adv. how; in what way, in what manner, by what method; by what mode; so, in this way, after this fashion.
	methodically, systematically.
	procedurally.
	one way or another, anyhow; somehow or other &c. (instrumentality) 631; 

	#693. Direction. -- N. {{performed_by: P2.3.2.3.2.5.55  Director  (R694)}} {{performed_by: council, P2.3.2.3.1.5.3, R696}} direction; management, managery[obs3]; conduct, government, regulation, guidance; bossism [U.S.]; steerage, pilotage; helm, rudder, needle, compass; guiding star, load star, lode star, pole star; cynosure.
	supervision, superintendence; surveillance, oversight; eye of the master; control, charge; command &c. (authority) 737.
	premiership, senatorship; chair, portfolio.
	statesmanship; statecraft, kingcraft[obs3], queencraft[obs3].
	administration; ministry, ministration; stewardship, proctorship[obs3]; agency.
	{[in_frame(government,R737a): government, gubernation[obs3]; reins, reins of government; legislation; regulation]}.
		V. direct, manage, govern, conduct; order, prescribe, cut out work for; bead, lead; lead the way, show the way; take the lead, lead on; regulate, guide, steer, pilot; tackle
	[intransitive] take the helm, be at the helm; have the reins, handle the reins, hold the reins, take the reins; drive, tool.
	superintend, supervise; overlook, control, keep in order, look after, see to, legislate for; administer, administrate, ministrate[obs3]; matronize[obs3]; have the care of, have the charge of; be in charge of, have charge of, take the direction; boss, boss one around; pull the strings, pull the wires; rule &c. (command) 737; have the direction, hold office, hold the portfolio; preside, preside  at the board; take the chair, occupy the chair, be in the chair; pull the stroke oar.
	Adj. directing &c. v.; hegemonic.
	directorial, managerial, supervisory, administrative, administrational; regulatory.
	Adv. at the helm, at the head of; in charge; on top.
	administratively; managerially.

<-- R694, Director to Person who does ...P2.3.2.3.2.5.55    -->

	#695. Advice. -- N. advice, counsel, adhortation[obs1]; word to the wise; suggestion, submonition[obs1], recommendation, advocacy; advisement.
	exhortation &c. (persuasion) 615; expostulation &c. (dissuasion) 616; admonition &c. (warning) 668; guidance &c. (direction) 693.
	instruction, charge, injunction, obtestation[obs3]; Governor's message, President's message; King's message, Queen's speech; message, speech from the throne.
	adviser, prompter; counsel, counselor; monitor, mentor, Nestor, magnus Apollo[Lat][obs3], senator; teacher &c. 540.
	guide, manual, chart &c. (information) 527.
	physician, doctor, leech[obs2], archiater[obs3].
	arbiter &c. (judge) 967.
	reference, referment[obs3]; consultation, conference, pourparler.
	V. advise, counsel; give advice, give counsel, give a piece of advice[Fr]; suggest, prompt, submonish[obs3], recommend, prescribe, advocate; exhort &c. (persuade) 615.
	enjoin, enforce, charge, instruct, call; call upon &c. (request) 765; dictate.
	expostulate &c. (dissuade) 616; admonish &c. (warn) 668.
	advise with; lay heads together, consult together; compare notes; hold a council, deliberate, be closeted with.
	confer, consult, refer to, call in; take advice, follow advice; be advised by, have at one's elbow, take one's cue from.
	Adj. recommendatory; hortative &c. (persuasive) 615; dehortatory &c. (dissuasive) 616[obs3]; admonitory &c. (warning) 668.
	Int. go to!
	Phr. "give every man thine ear but few thy voice" [Hamlet]; "I pray thee cease thy counsel" [Much Ado About Nothing]; "my guide, philosopher, and friend" [Pope]; "'twas good advice and meant, my son be good" [Crabbe]; verbum sat sapienti [Latin: a word to the wise is sufficient]; vive memor leti[Lat]; "we, ask advice but we mean approbation" [Colton].

<--  R696  Council to P2.3.2.3.1.5.3    HGROUP  -->

	#697. Precept. -- N. precept, direction, instruction, charge; prescript, prescription; recipe, receipt; golden rule; maxim &c. 496.
	rule, canon, law, code, corpus juris[Lat], lex scripta[Lat], act, statute, rubric, stage direction, regulation; form, formula, formulary; technicality; canon law; norm.
	order &c. (command) 741.

	#698. Skill. -- N. skill, skillfulness, address; dexterity, dexterousness; adroitness, expertness &c. adj.; proficiency, competence, technical competence, craft, callidity[obs3], facility, knack, trick, sleight; mastery, mastership, excellence, panurgy[obs3]; ambidexterity, ambidextrousness[obs3]; sleight of hand &c. (deception) 545.
	seamanship, airmanship, marksmanship, horsemanship; rope-dancing.
	accomplishment, acquirement, attainment; art, science; technicality, technology; practical knowledge, technical knowledge.
	knowledge of the world, world wisdom, savoir faire[Fr]; tact; mother wit &c. (sagacity) 498; discretion &c. *(caution) 864; finesse; craftiness &c. (cunning) 702; management &c. (conduct) 692; self-help.
	cleverness, talent, ability, ingenuity, capacity, parts, talents, faculty, endowment, forte, turn, gift, genius; intelligence &c. 498; sharpness, readiness &c. (activity) 682; invention &c. 515; aptness, aptitude; turn for, capacity for, genius for; felicity, capability, curiosa felicitas[Lat], qualification, habilitation.
	proficient &c. 700.
	masterpiece, coup de maitre[Fr], chef d'euvre[Fr], tour de force; good stroke &c. (plan) 626.
	V. be skillful &c. adj.; excel in, be master of; have a turn for &c. n.
	know what's what, know a hawk from a handsaw, know what one is about, know on which side one's bread is buttered, know  what's o'clock; have cut one's eye teeth, have cut one's wisdom teeth.
	see one's way, see where the wind lies, see which way the wind blows; have all one's wits about one, have one's hand in; savoir vivre[Fr]; scire quid valeant humeri quid ferre recusent[Lat][obs3].
	look after the main chance; cut one's coat according to one's cloth; live by one's wits; exercise one's discretion, feather the oar, sail near the wind; stoop to conquer &c. (cunning) 702; play one's cards well, play one's best card; hit the right nail on the head, put the saddle on the right horse.
	take advantage of, make the most of; profit by &e. (use) 677; make a hit &c. (succeed) 731; make a virtue of necessity; make hay while the sun shines &c. (occasion) 134.
	Adj. skillful, dexterous, adroit, expert, apt, handy, quick, deft, ready, gain; slick, smart &c. (active) 682; proficient, good at, up to, at home in, master of, a good hand at, au fait, thoroughbred, masterly, crack, accomplished; conversant &c. (knowing) 490.
	experienced, practiced, skilled, hackneyed; up in, well up in; in practice, in proper cue; competent, efficient, qualified, capable, fitted, fit for, up to the mark, trained, initiated, prepared, primed, finished.
	clever, cute, able, ingenious, felicitous, gifted, talented, endowed; inventive &c. 515; shrewd, sharp, on the ball &c. (intelligent) 498; cunning &c. 702; alive to, up to snuff, not to be caught with chaff; discreet.
	neat-handed, fine-fingered, nimble-fingered, ambidextrous, sure-footed; cut out for, fitted for.
	technical, artistic, scientific, daedalian[obs3], shipshape; workman-like, business-like, statesman-like.
	Adv. skillfully &c. adj.; well &c. 618; artistically; with  skill, with consummate skill; secundum artem[Lat], suo Marte; to the best of one's abilities &c. (exertion) 686.
	Phr. ars celare artem[Lat]; artes honorabit[Lat]; celui qui veut celui-la peut[Fr]; c'est une grande habilite que de savoir cacher sonhabilite[Fr]; expertus metuit [Lat][Horace]; es bildet ein Talent sich in der Stille sich ein Charakter in dem Strom der Welt[Ger]; "heart to conceive the understanding to direct, or the hand to execute" [Junius]; if you have lemons, make lemonade.

	#699. Unskillfulness. -- N. unskillfulness &c. adj.; want of skill &c. 698; incompetence, incompentency[obs3]; inability, infelicity, indexterity[obs3], inexperience; disqualification, unproficiency[obs3]; quackery.
	folly, stupidity &c. 499; indiscretion &c. (rashness) 863; thoughtlessness &c. (inattention) 458 (neglect) 460; sabotage.
	mismanagement, misconduct; impolicy[obs3]; maladministration; misrule, misgovernment, misapplication, misdirection, misfeasance; petticoat government.
	absence of rule, rule of thumb; bungling &c. v.; failure &c. 732; screw loose: too many cooks.
	blunder &c. (mistake) 495; etourderie gaucherie[Fr], act of folly, balourdise[obs3]; botch, botchery[obs3]; bad job, sad work.
	sprat sent out to catch a whale, much ado about nothing, wild-goose chase.
	bungler &c. 701; fool &c. 501.
	V. be unskillful &c. adj.; not see an inch beyond one's nose; blunder, bungle, boggle, fumble, botch, bitch, flounder, stumble, trip; hobble &c. 275; put one's foot in it; make a mess of, make hash of, make sad work of; overshoot the mark.
	play tricks with, play Puck, mismanage, misconduct, misdirect, misapply, missend.
	stultify oneself, make a fool of oneself, commit oneself; act foolishly; play the fool; put oneself out of court; lose control, lose control of oneself, lose one's head, lose one's cunning.
	begin at the wrong end; do things by halves &c. (not complete) 730; make two bites of a cherry; play at cross purposes; strain at a gnat and swallow a camel &c. (caprice) 608; put the cart before the horse; lock the stable door when the horse is stolen &c. (too late) 135.
	not know what one is about, not know one's own interest, not know on which side one's bread is buttered; stand in one's own light, quarrel with one's bread and butter, throw a stone in one's own garden, kill the goose which lays the golden eggs, pay dear for one's whistle, cut one's own throat, bum one's fingers; knock one's head against a stone wall, beat one's head against a stone wall; fall into a trap, catch a Tartar, bring the house about one's ears; have too many eggs in one basket (imprudent) 863, have too many irons in the fire.
	mistake &c. 495; take the shadow for the substance &c. (credulity) 486; bark up the wrong tree; be in the wrong box, aim at a pigeon and kill a crow; take the wrong pig by the tail, get the wrong pig by the tail, get the wrong sow by the ear, get the dirty end of the stick; put the saddle on the wrong horse, put  a square peg into a round hole, put new wine into old bottles.
	cut blocks with a razor; hold a farthing candle to the sun &c. (useless) 645; fight with a shadow, grasp at a shadow; catch at straws, lean on a broken reed, reckon without one's host, pursue a wild goose chase; go on a fool's goose chase, sleeveless errand; go further and fare worse; lose one's way, miss one's way; fail &c. 732.
	Adj. unskillful &c. 698; inexpert; bungling &c. v.; awkward, clumsy, unhandy, lubberly, gauche, maladroit; left-handed, heavy-handed; slovenly, slatternly; gawky.
	adrift, at fault.
	inapt, unapt; inhabile[Fr]; untractable[obs3], unteachable; giddy &c. (inattentive) 458; inconsiderate &c. (neglectful) 460; stupid &c. 499; inactive &c. 683; incompetent; unqualified, disqualified, ill-qualified; unfit; quackish; raw, green, inexperienced, rusty, out of practice.
	unaccustomed, unused, untrained &c. 537, uninitiated, unconversant &c. (ignorant) 491[obs3]; shiftless; unstatesmanlike.
	unadvised; ill-advised, misadvised; ill-devised, ill-imagined, ill-judged, ill-contrived, ill-conducted; unguided, misguided; misconducted, foolish, wild; infelicitous; penny wise and pound foolish &c. (inconsistent) 608.
	Phr. one's fingers being all thumbs; the right hand forgets its cunning; il se noyerait dans une goutte d'eau[Fr]; incidit in Scyllam qui vult vitare Charybdim[Lat]; out of the frying pan into the fire; non omnia possumus omnes [Lat][Vergil].

<-- R700, Proficient, and R701, Bungler, to character           P2.3.2.3.2.4.19   expert  (R700){{has_trait: skill, R698}}
          P2.3.2.3.2.4.20   bungler (R701) {{has_trait: unskillfullness}}
-->
	#702. Cunning. -- N. cunning, craft; cunningness[obs3], craftiness &c. adj.; subtlety, artificiality; maneuvering &c. v.; temporization; circumvention.
	chicane, chicanery; sharp practice, knavery, jugglery[obs3]; concealment &c. 528; guile, doubling, duplicity &c. (falsehood) 544; foul play.
	diplomacy, politics; Machiavelism; jobbery, backstairs influence.
	art, artifice; device, machination; plot &c. (plan) 626; maneuver, stratagem, dodge, sidestep, artful dodge, wile; trick, trickery &c. (deception) 545; ruse, ruse de guerre[Fr]; finesse, side blow, thin end of the wedge, shift, go by, subterfuge, evasion; white lie &c. (untruth) 546; juggle, tour de force; tricks of the trade, tricks upon travelers; espieglerie[Fr]; net, trap &c. 545.
	Ulysses, Machiavel, sly boots, fox, reynard; Scotchman; Jew, Yankee; intriguer, intrigant[obs3]; floater [U.S.], Indian giver [U.S.], keener [U.S.], repeater [U.S. politics].
	V. be cunning &c. adj.; have cut one's eyeteeth; contrive &c. (plan) 626; live by one's wits; maneuver; intrigue, gerrymander, finesse, double, temporize, stoop to conquer, reculer pour mieux sauter[Fr], circumvent, steal a march upon; overreach &c. 545; throw off one's guard; surprise &c. 508; snatch a verdict; waylay, undermine, introduce the thin end of the wedge; play a deep game, play tricks with; ambiguas in vulgum spargere voces[Lat]; flatter, make things pleasant; have an ax to grind.
	dodge, sidestep, bob and weave.
	Adj. cunning, crafty, artful; skillful &c. 698; subtle, feline, vulpine; cunning as a fox, cunning as a serpent; deep, deep laid; profound; designing, contriving; intriguing &c. v.; strategic, diplomatic, politic,  Machiavelian, timeserving[obs3]; artificial; tricky, tricksy[obs3]; wily, sly, slim, insidious, stealthy; underhand &c. (hidden) 528; subdolous[obs3]; deceitful &c. 545; slippery as an eel, evasive &c. 623; crooked; arch, pawky[obs3], shrewd, acute; sharp, sharp as a tack, sharp as a needle[obs2]; canny, astute, leery, knowing, up to snuff, too clever by half, not to be caught with chaff.
	tactful, diplomatic, politic; polite &c. 894.
	Adv. cunningly &c. adj.; slyly, slily[obs3], on the sly, by a side wind.
	Phr. diamond cut diamond; a' bis ou a blanc[Fr][obs3]; fin contre fin[Fr]; "something is rotten in the state of Denmark" [Hamlet].

	#703. Artlessness. -- N. artlessness &c. adj; nature, simplicity; innocence &c. 946; bonhomie, naivete, abandon, candor, sincerity; singleness of purpose, singleness of heart; honesty &c. 939; plain speaking; epanchement[Fr].
	rough diamond, matter of fact man; le palais de verite[Fr]; enfant terrible[Fr].
	V. be artless &c. adj; look one in the face; wear one's heart upon his sleeves for daws to peck at[obs3]; think aloud; speak out, speak one's mind; be free with one, call a spade a spade.
	Adj. artless, natural, pure, native, confiding, simple,  lain, inartificial[obs3], untutored, unsophisticated, ingenu[obs3], unaffected, naive; sincere, frank; open, open as day; candid, ingenuous, guileless; unsuspicious, honest &c. 939; innocent &c. 946; Arcadian[obs3]; undesigning, straightforward, unreserved, aboveboard; simple-minded, single-minded; frank-hearted, open-hearted, single-hearted, simple-hearted.
	free-spoken, plain-spoken, outspoken; blunt, downright, direct, matter of fact, unpoetical[obs3]; unflattering.
	Adv. in plain words, in plain English; without mincing the matter; not to mince the matter &c. (affirmation) 535.
	Phr. Davus sum non Oedipus [Terence]; liberavi animam meam[Lat]; "as frank as rain on cherry blossoms" [E.B. Browning].

M7.4  Results of Action (R729 to R736)
<--   	729.	Completion				730.	Noncompletion
		731.	Success					732.	Failure
		733.	Trophy
		734.	Prosperity				735.	Adversity
					736. Mediocrity
-->
	#729. Completion. -- N. completion, accomplishment, achievement, fulfillment; performance, execution; despatch, dispatch; consummation, culmination; finish, conclusion; close &c. (end) 67; terminus &c. (arrival) 292; winding up; finale, denouement, catastrophe, issue, upshot, result; final touch, last touch, crowning touch, finishing touch, finishing stroke; last finish, coup de grace; crowning of the edifice; coping-stone, keystone; missing link &c. 53; superstructure, ne plus ultra[Lat], work done, fait accompli[Fr].
	elaboration; finality; completeness &c. 52.
	V.   effect[transitive], effectuate; accomplish, achieve, compass, consummate, hammer out; bring to maturity, bring to perfection; perfect, complete; elaborate.
	do, execute, make; go through, get through; work out, enact; bring about, bring to bear, bring to pass, bring through, bring  to a head.
	despatch, dispatch; knock off, finish off, polish off; make short work of; dispose of, set at rest; perform, discharge, fulfill, realize; put in practice, put in force; carry out, carry into effect, carry into execution; make good; be as good as one's word.
	do thoroughly, not do by halves,go the whole hog; drive home; be in at the death &c. (persevere) 604a;  carry through, play out, exhaust; fill the bill [U.S.].
	finish, bring to a close &c. (end) 67; wind up, stamp, clinch, seal, set the seal on, put the seal; give the final touch &c.n. to; put the last, put the finishing hand to, put the finishing touches on; crown, crown all; cap.
	[intransitive] ripen, culminate; come to a head, come to a crisis; come to its end; die a natural death, die of old age; run its course, run one's race; touch the goal, reach the goal, attain the goal; reach &c. (arrive) 292; get in the harvest.
	Adj. completing, final; concluding, conclusive; crowning &c. v.; exhaustive.
	done, completed &c. v.; done for, sped, wrought out; highly wrought &c. (preparation) 673; thorough &c. 52; ripe &c. (ready) 673.
	Adv. completely &c.(thoroughly) 52; to crown all, out of hand.
	Phr. the race is run; actum est[Lat]; finis coronat opus[Lat]; consummatum est[Lat]; c'en est fait[Fr]; it is all over; the game is played out, the bubble has burst; aussitot dit aussitot fait[Fr]; aut non tentaris aut perfice [Lat][Ovid].

	#730. Noncompletion. -- N. noncompletion, nonfulfillment; shortcoming &c. 304; incompleteness &c. 53; drawn battle, drawn game; work of Penelope.
	nonperformance, inexecution[obs3]; neglect &c. 460.
	V. not complete &c. 729; leave unfinished &c. adj., leave undone, drop, put down; neglect &c. 460; let alone, let slip; lose sight of (forget) 506.
	fall short of &c. 304; do things by halves, parboil, scotch the snake not lull it; hang fire; be slow to; collapse &c. 304.
	drop out.
	Adj. not completed &c. v.; incomplete &c. 53; uncompleted, unfinished, unaccomplished, unperformed, unexecuted; sketchy, addle.
	in progress, in hand; ongoing, going on, proceeding; on one's hands; on the anvil; in the fire, in the oven.
	parboiled, half-baked.
	Adv. re infecta[Lat].

	#731. Success. -- N. success, successfulness; speed; advance &c. (progress) 282.
	trump card; hit, stroke, score; lucky hit, fortunate hit, good hit, good stroke; direct hit, bull's eye; goal, point, touchdown; home run, homer, hole-in-one, grand slam;  killing[make money], windfall bold stroke, master stroke; ten strike [U.S.]; coup de maitre[Fr], checkmate; half the battle, prize; profit &c. (acquisition) 775.
	continued success; good fortune &c. (prosperity) 734; time well spent.
	advantage over; upper hand, whip hand; ascendancy, mastery; expugnation[obs1], conquest, victory, subdual[obs3]; subjugation &c. (subjection) 749.
	triumph &c. (exultation) 884; proficiency &c. (skill) 698.
	conqueror, victor, winner; master of the situation, master of the position, top of the heap, king of the hill; achiever, success, success story.
	V. succeed; be successful &c. adj.; gain one's end, gain one's ends; crown with success.
	gain a point, attain a point, carry a point, secure a point, win a point, win an object; get there *[U.S.]; manage to, contrive to; accomplish &c. (effect, complete) 729; do wonders, work wonders; make a go of it.
	come off well, come off successful, come off with flying colors; make short work of; take by storm, carry by storm; bear away the bell; win one's wings, win one's spurs, win the battle; win the day, carry the day, gain the day, gain the prize, gain the palm; have the best of it, have it all one's own way, have the game in one's owns hands, have the ball at one's feet, have one on the hop; walk over the course; carry all before one, remain in possession of the field; score a success.
	speed; make progress &c. (advance) 282; win one's way, make one's way, work one's way, find one's way; strive to some purpose; prosper &c. 734; drive a roaring trade; make profit &c. (acquire) 775; reap the fruits, gather the fruits, reap the benefit of, reap the harvest; strike oil * [U.S.], gain a windfall; make one's fortune, get in the harvest, turn to good account; turn to account &c. (use) 677.
	triumph, be triumphant; gain a victory, obtain a victory, gain an advantage; chain victory to one's car; nail a coonskin to the wall.
	surmount a difficulty, overcome a difficulty, get over a difficulty, get over an obstacle &c. 706; se tirer d'affaire[Fr]; make head against; stem the torrent, stem the tide, stem the current; weather the storm, weather a point; turn a corner, keep one's head above water, tide over; master; get the better of, have the better of, gain the better of, gain the best of, gain the upper hand, gain the ascendancy, gain the whip hand, gain the start of; distance; surpass &c. (superiority) 33.
	defeat, conquer, vanquish, discomfit; euchre; overcome, overthrow, overpower, overmaster, overmatch, overset[obs3], override, overreach; outwit, outdo, outflank, outmaneuver, outgeneral, outvote; take the wind out of one's adversary's sails; beat, beat hollow; rout, lick, drub, floor, worst; put down, put to flight, put to the rout, put hors de combat[Fr], put out of court.
	silence, quell, nonsuit[obs3], checkmate, upset, confound, nonplus, stalemate, trump; baffle &c. (hinder) 706; circumvent, elude; trip up, trip up the heels of; drive into a corner, drive to the wall; run hard, put one's nose out of joint.
	settle, do for; break the neck of, break the back of; capsize, sink, shipwreck, drown, swamp; subdue; subjugate &c. (subject) 749; reduce; make the enemy bite the dust; victimize, roll in the dust, trample under foot, put an extinguisher upon.
	answer, answer the purpose; avail, prevail, take effect, do, turn out well, work well, take, tell, bear fruit; hit it, hit the mark, hit the right nail on the head; nick it; turn up trumps, make a hit; find one's account in.
	Adj. succeeding &c. v.; successful; prosperous &c. 734; triumphant; flushed with success, crowned with success; victorious, on top; set up; in the ascendant; unbeaten &c. (see beat &c. v.); well-spent; felicitous, effective, in full swing.
	Adv. successfully &c. adj.; well flying colors, in triumph, swimmingly; a merveille[Fr], beyond all hope; to some purpose, to good purpose; to one's heart's content.
	Phr. veni vidi vici[Lat], the day being one;s own, one's star in the ascendant; omne tulit punctum[Lat].
	bis vincit qui se vincit in victoria[obs3][Lat]; cede repugnanti cedendo victor abibis [Lat][Ovid]; chacun est l'artisan de sa fortune[Fr]; dies faustus[Lat]; l'art de vaincre est celui de mepriser la mort[Fr]; omnia vincit amor [Lat: love conquers all]; "peace hath her victories no less renowned than war" [Milton]; "the race by vigor not by vaunts is won" [Pope]; vincit qui patitur[Lat]; vincit qui se vincit[Lat]; "The race is not always to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, but that's the way to bet" [Mark Twain]. 

	#732. Failure. -- N. failure; nonsuccess[obs3], nonfulfillment; dead failure, successlessness[obs3]; abortion, miscarriage; brutum fulmen &c. 158[Lat]; labor in vain &c. (inutility) 645; no go; inefficacy[obs3]; inefficaciousness &c. adj.; vain attempt, ineffectual attempt, abortive attempt, abortive efforts; flash in the pan, "lame and impotent conclusion" [Othello]; frustration; slip 'twixt cup and lip &c. (disappointment) 509.
	blunder &c. (mistake) 495; fault, omission, miss, oversight, slip, trip, stumble, claudication[obs1], footfall; false step, wrong step; faux pas[Fr], titubation[obs3], bevue[Fr], faute[Fr], lurch; botchery &c. (want of skill) 699[obs3]; scrape, mess, fiasco, breakdown; flunk [U.S.].
	mishap &c. (misfortune) 735; split, collapse, smash, blow, explosion.
	repulse, rebuff, defeat, rout, overthrow, discomfiture; beating, drubbing; quietus, nonsuit[obs3], subjugation; checkmate, stalemate, fool's mate.
	fall, downfall, ruin, perdition; wreck &c. (destruction) 162; deathblow; bankruptcy &c. (nonpayment) 808.
	losing game, affaire flambee.
	victim; bankrupt; flunker[obs3], flunky [U.S.].
	V. fail; be unsuccessful, be fruitless, be ineffectual, be ineffective.
	not succeed &c. 731; make vain efforts &c. n.; do in vain, labor in vain, toil in vain; flunk [U.S.]; lose one's labor, take nothing by one's motion; bring to naught, make nothing of; wash a blackamoor white &c. (impossible) 471; roll the stones of Sisyphus &c. (useless) 645; do by halves &c. (not complete) 730; lose ground &c. (recede) 282; fall short of &c. 304.
	miss, miss one's aim, miss the mark, miss one's footing, miss stays; slip, trip, stumble; make a slip &c., n. blunder &c. 495, make a mess of, make a botch of, botch it, miscarry, abort, go up like a rocket and come down like the stick, come down in flames, get shot down,  reckon without one's host; get the wrong pig by the tail, get the wrong sow by the ear &c. (blunder, mismanage) 699.
	limp, halt, hobble, titubate[obs3]; fall, tumble; lose one's balance; fall to the ground, fall between two stools; flounder, falter, stick in the mud, run aground, split upon a rock; beat one's head against a stone wall, run one's head against a stone wall, knock one's head against a stone wall, dash one's head against a stone wall; break one's back; break down, sink, drown, founder, have the ground cut from under one; get into trouble, get into a mess, get into a scrape; come to grief &c. (adversity) 735; go to the wall, go to the dogs, go to pot; lick the dust, bite the dust; be defeated &c. 731; have the worst of it, lose the day, come off second best, lose; fall a prey to; succumb &c. (submit) 725; not have a leg to stand on.
	come to nothing, end in smoke; flat out [obs1]; fall to the ground, fall through, fall dead, fall stillborn, fall flat; slip through one's fingers; hang fire, miss fire; flash in the pan, collapse; topple down &c. (descent) 305; go to wrack and ruin &c. (destruction) 162.
	go amiss, go wrong, go cross, go hard with, go on a wrong tack; go on ill, come off ill, turn out ill, work ill; take a wrong term, take an ugly term; take an ugly turn, take a turn for the worse.
	be all over with, be all up with; explode; dash one's hopes &c. (disappoint) 509; defeat the purpose; sow the wind and reap the whirlwind, jump out of the frying pan into the fire, go from the frying pan into the fire.
	Adj. unsuccessful, successless[obs3]; failing, tripping &c. v.; at fault; unfortunate &c. 735.
	abortive, addle, stillborn; fruitless, bootless; ineffectual, ineffective, inconsequential, trifling, nugatory; inefficient &c. (impotent) 158; insufficient &c. 640; unavailing &c. (useless) 645; of no effect.
	aground, grounded, swamped, stranded, cast away, wrecked, foundered, capsized, shipwrecked, nonsuited[obs3]; foiled; defeated &c. 731; struck down, borne down, broken down; downtrodden; overborne, overwhelmed; all up with; ploughed, plowed, plucked.
	lost, undone, ruined, broken; bankrupt &c. (not paying) 808; played out; done up, done for; dead beat, ruined root and branch, flambe[obs3], knocked on the head; destroyed &c. 162.
	frustrated, crossed, unhinged, disconcerted dashed; thrown off one's balance, thrown on one's back, thrown on one's beam ends[obs1]; unhorsed, in a sorry plight; hard hit.
	stultified, befooled[obs3], dished, hoist on one's own petard; victimized, sacrificed.
	wide of the mark &c. (error) 495; out of one's reckoning &c. (inexpectation) 508[obs3]; left in the lurch; thrown away &c. (wasted) 638; unattained; uncompleted &c. 730.
	Adv. unsuccessfully &c. adj.; to little or no purpose, in vain, re infecta[Lat].
	Phr. the bubble has burst, , "the jig is up",  "the game is up" [Cymbeline]; all is lost; the devil to pay; parturiunt montes &c. (disappointment) 509[Lat]; dies infaustus[Lat]; tout est perdu hors l'honneur[Fr]; "if we don't succeed, we run the risk of failure."[Dan Quayle].

	#733. Trophy. -- N. trophy; medal, prize, palm, award; laurel, laurels; bays, crown, chaplet, wreath, civic crown; insignia &c. 550; feather in one's cap &c. (honor) 873; decoration &c. 877; garland, triumphal arch, Victoria Cross, Iron Cross.
	triumph &c. (celebration) 883; flying colors &c. (show) 882.
	monumentum aere perennius  [Lat][obs3][Hor.].
	Phr. "for valor."

<-- break out luck from prosperity  -->
	#734. Prosperity. -- N.  prosperity, welfare, well-being; affluence &c. (wealth) 803; success &c. 731; thrift, roaring trade; good fortune, smiles of fortune; blessings, godsend.
	luck; good luck, run of luck; sunshine; fair weather, fair wind; palmy days, bright days, halcyon days; piping times, tide, flood, high tide.
	Saturnia regna[Lat], Saturnian age; golden time, golden age; bed of roses, fat city [coll.]; fat of the land, milk and honey, loaves and fishes. 
	made man, lucky dog, enfant gate[Fr], spoiled child of fortune.
	upstart, parvenu, skipjack[obs3], mushroom.
	V. prosper, thrive, flourish; be prosperous &c. adj.; drive a roaring trade, do a booming business; go on well, go on smoothly, go on swimmingly; sail before the wind, swim with the tide; run smooth, run smoothly, run on all fours.
	rise in the world, get on in the world; work one's way, make one's way; look up; lift one's head, raise one's head, make one's fortune, feather one's nest, make one's pile.
	flower, blow, blossom, bloom, fructify, bear fruit, fatten.
	keep oneself afloat; keep one's head above water, hold one's head above water; land on one's feet, light on one's  feet, light on one's legs, fall on one's legs, fall on one's feet; drop into a good thing; bear a charmed life; bask in the sunshine; have a good time of it, have a fine time of it; have a run  of luck; have the good fortune &c. n. to; take a favorable turn; live on the fat of the land, live off the fat of the land, live in clover.
	Adj. prosperous; thriving &c. v.; in a fair way, buoyant; well off, well to do, well to do in the world; set up, at one's ease; rich &c. 803; in good case; in full, in high feather; fortunate, lucky, in luck; born with a silver spoon in one's mouth, born under a lucky star; on the sunny side of the hedge.
	auspicious, propitious, providential.
	palmy, halcyon; agreeable &c. 829; couleur de rose[Fr].
	Adv. prosperously &c. adj.; swimmingly; as good luck would have it; beyond all hope.
	Phr. one's star in the ascendant, all for the best, one's course runs smooth.
	chacun est l'artisan de sa fortune[Fr]; donec eris felix multos numerabis amicos [Lat][Ovid]; felicitas multos habet amicos[Lat]; felix se nescit amari [Lat][Lucan]; 'good luck go with thee' [Henry V]; nulli est homini perpetuum bonum [Lat][Plautus].

	#735. Adversity. -- N. adversity, evil &c. 619; failure &c. 732; bad luck, ill luck, evil luck, adverse luck, hard fortune, hard hap, hard luck, hard lot; frowns of fortune; evil dispensation, evil star, evil genius[obs1]; vicissitudes of life, ups and downs of life, broken fortunes; hard case, hard lines, hard life; sea of troubles; peck of troubles; hell upon earth; slough of despond.
	trouble, hardship, curse, blight, blast, load, pressure.
	pressure of the times, iron age, evil day, time out of joint; hard times, bad times, sad times; rainy day, cloud, dark cloud, gathering clouds, ill wind; visitation, infliction; affliction &c. (painfulness) 830; bitter pill; care, trial; the sport of fortune.
	mishap, mischance, misadventure, misfortune; disaster, calamity, catastrophe; accident, casualty, cross, reverse, check, contretemps, rub; backset[obs3], comedown, setback [U.S.].
	losing game; falling &c. v.; fall, downfall; ruination, ruinousness; undoing; extremity; ruin &c. (destruction) 162.
	V. be ill off &c. adj.; go hard with; fall on evil, fall on evil days; go on ill; not prosper &c. 734.
	go downhill, go to rack and ruin &c. (destruction) 162, go to the dogs; fall, fall from one's high estate; decay, sink, decline, go down in the world; have seen better days; bring down one's gray hairs with sorrow to the grave; come to grief; be all over, be up with; bring a wasp's nest about one's ears, bring a hornet's nest about one's ears.
	Adj. unfortunate, unblest[obs3], unhappy, unlucky; improsperous[obs3], unprosperous; hoodooed [U.S.]; luckless, hapless; out of luck; in trouble, in a bad way, in an evil plight; under a cloud; clouded; ill off, badly off; in adverse circumstances; poor &c. 804; behindhand, down in the world, decayed, undone; on the road to ruin, on its last legs, on the wane; in one's utmost need.
	planet-struck, devoted; born under an evil star, born with a wooden ladle in one's mouth; ill-fated, ill-starred, ill-omened.
	adverse, untoward; disastrous, calamitous, ruinous, dire, deplorable.

	#736.  Mediocrity. --  N.  moderate circumstances, average circumstances; respectability; middle classes; mediocrity; golden mean &c. (mid-course) 628, (moderation) 174.
	V. jog on; go fairly, go quietly, go peaceably, go tolerably, go respectably, get on fairly, get on quietly, get on peaceably, get on tolerably, get on respectably.

M8   Mind-Mind Interactions
M8.1 Communication of Ideas  (R516 to R599)
M8.1.1 Nature of ideas communicated (R516 to R524)
<--
   these are generally properties of a communication 
					(except for human roles)
			516.	Meaning	     			517. Unmeaningness
			518.	Intelligibility			519. Unintelligibility
						520. Equivocalness
			521.	Metaphor	
			522.	Interpretation				523.	Misinterpretatioa
			524.	Interpreter
-->
	#516. [Idea to be conveyed.] Meaning.  [Thing signified.] -- N. meaning; signification, significance; sense, expression; import, purport; force; drift, tenor, spirit, bearing, coloring; scope.
	[important part of the meaning] substance; gist, point, main point, essence;[ref: spirit &c. 5].
	matter; subject, subject matter; argument, text, sum and substance.
	general meaning, broad meaning, substantial meaning, colloquial meaning, literal meaning, plain meaning, simple meaning, natural meaning, unstrained meaning, true &c. (exact) 494 meaning, honest &c. 543 meaning, prima facie &c. (manifest) 525 meaning[Lat]; letter of the law.
	literally; after acceptation.
	synonym; implication, allusion &c. (latency) 526; suggestion &c. (information) 527;  figure of speech &c. 521; acceptation &c. (interpretation) 522.
		V. mean, signify, express; import, purport; convey, imply, breathe, indicate, bespeak, bear a sense; tell of, speak of; touch on; point to, allude to; drive at; involve &c. (latency) 526; declare &c. (affirm) 535.
	understand by &c. (interpret)  522.
	Adj. meaning &c. v.; expressive, suggestive, allusive; significant, significative[obs3], significatory[obs3]; pithy; full of meaning, pregnant with meaning.
	declaratory &c. 535; intelligible &c. 518; literal; synonymous; tantamount &c. (equivalent) 27; implied &c. (latent) 526; explicit &c. 525.
	Adv. to that effect; that is to say &c. (being interpreted) 522.

	#517. [Absence of meaning.] Unmeaningness. -- N. meaninglessness, unmeaningness &c. adj[obs3].; scrabble[obs2].
	empty sound, dead letter, vox et praeterea nihil[Lat]; "a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing"; "sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal."
	nonsense, utter nonsense,  gibberish; jargon, jabber, mere words, hocus-pocus, fustian, rant, bombast, balderdash, palaver, flummery, verbiage, babble, baverdage, baragouin[obs3], platitude, niaiserie[obs3]; inanity; flap-doodle; rigmarole, rodomontade; truism; nugae canorae[Lat]; twaddle, twattle, fudge, trash, garbage, humbug; poppy-cock [U.S.]; stuff, stuff and nonsense; bosh, rubbish, moonshine, wish-wash, fiddle-faddle; absurdity &c. 497; vagueness &c. (unintelligibility) 519.
	[routine or reflexive statements without substantive thought, esp. legal] boilerplate.
	V. mean nothing; be unmeaning &c. adj.; twaddle, quibble, scrabble.
	Adj. unmeaning; meaningless, senseless; nonsensical; void of sense &c. 516.
	inexpressive, unexpressive; vacant; not significant &c. 516; insignificant.
	trashy, washy, trumpery, trivial, fiddle-faddle, twaddling, quibbling.
	unmeant, not expressed; tacit &c. (latent) 526.
	inexpressible, undefinable, incommunicable.

	#518. Intelligibility. -- N.  intelligibility; clearness, explicitness &c. adj.; lucidity, comprehensibility, perspicuity; legibility, plain speaking &c. (manifestation) 525;  precision &c. 494; <gr/phonanta synetoisy/gr>; a word to the wise.
	V. be intelligible &c. adj.; speak for itself, speak volumes; tell its own tale, lie on the surface.
	render intelligible &c. adj.; popularize, simplify, clear up; elucidate &c. (explain) 522.
	understand, comprehend, take, take in; catch, grasp, follow, collect, master, make out; see with half an eye, see daylight, see one's way; enter into the ideas of; come to an understanding.
	Adj. intelligible; clear, clear as day, clear as noonday; lucid; perspicuous, transpicuous[obs3]; luminous, transparent.
	easily understood, easy to understand, for the million, intelligible to the meanest capacity, popularized.
	plain, distinct, explicit; positive; definite &c. (precise) 494.
	graphic; expressive &c. (meaning) 516; illustrative &c. (explanatory) 522.
	unambiguous, unequivocal, unmistakable &c. (manifest) 525; unconfused; legible, recognizable; obvious &c. 525.
	Adv. in plain terms, in plain words, in plain English.
	Phr. he that runs may read &c. (manifest) 525.

	#519. Unintelligibility.-- N. unintelligibility; incomprehensibility, imperspicuity[obs3]; inconceivableness, vagueness &c. adj.; obscurity; ambiguity &c. 520; doubtful meaning; uncertainty &c. 475; perplexity &c. (confusion) 59; spinosity[obs3]; obscurum per obscurius[Lat]; mystification &c. (concealment) 528; latency &c. 526; transcendentalism.
	[ref: R14, contrary] contradiction, paradox, oxymoron, contradiction in terms.
	riddle, enigma, puzzle &c. (secret) 533; diagnus vindice nodus[Lat]; sealed book; steganography[obs3], freemasonry[obs2].
	pons asinorum[Lat], asses' bridge; high Dutch, Greek, Hebrew[obs2]; jargon &c. (unmeaning) 517.
	V. be unintelligible &c. adj.; require explanation &c. 522; have a doubtful meaning, pass comprehension.
	render unintelligible &c. adj.; conceal &c. 528; darken &c. 421; confuse &c. (derange) 61; perplex &c. (bewilder)
475.
	not understand &c. 518; lose, lose the clue; miss; not know what to make of, be able to make nothing of, give it up; not be able to account for, not be able to make either head or tail of; be at sea &c. (uncertain) 475; wonder &c. 870; see through a glass darkly &c. (ignorance) 491.
	not understand one another; play at cross purposes &c. (misinterpret) 523.
	Adj. unintelligible, unaccountable, undecipherable, undiscoverable, unknowable, unfathomable; incognizable[obs3], inexplicable, inscrutable; inapprehensible[obs3], incomprehensible; insolvable[obs3], insoluble; impenetrable.
	illegible, as Greek to one, unexplained, paradoxical; enigmatic, enigmatical, puzzling (secret) 533; indecipherable.
	obscure, dark, muddy, clear as mud, seen through a mist, dim, nebulous, shrouded in mystery; ; opaque, dense; undiscernible &c. (invisible) 447[obs3]; misty &c. (opaque) 426; hidden &c. 528; latent &c. 526.
	indefinite, garbled &c. (indistinct) 447; perplexed &c. (confused) 59; undetermined, vague, loose, ambiguous; mysterious; mystic, mystical; acroamatic[obs3], acroamatical[obs3]; metempirical; transcendental; occult, recondite, abstruse, crabbed.
	inconceivable, inconceptible[obs3]; searchless[obs3]; above comprehension, beyond comprehension, past comprehension; beyond one's depth; unconceived.
	inexpressible, undefinable, incommunicable.
	unpredictable, unforeseeable.
	Phr. it's Greek to me.

	#520. [Having a double sense] Ambiguity. Equivocalness.-- N. equivocalness &c. adj.; double meaning &c. 516; ambiguity, double entente, double entendre[Fr], pun, paragram[obs3], calembour[obs3], quibble, equivoque[Fr], anagram; conundrum &c. (riddle) 533; play on words, word play &c. (wit) 842; homonym, homonymy[Gram]; amphiboly[obs3], amphibology[obs3]; ambilogy[obs3], ambiloquy[obs1].
	Sphinx, Delphic oracle.
	equivocation &c. (duplicity) 544; white lie, mental reservation &c. (concealment) 528; paltering.
	V. be -equivocal &c. adj.; have two meanings &c. 516; equivocate &c. (alter) 544.
	Adj. equivocal, ambiguous, amphibolous[obs3], homonymous[obs3]; double-tongued &c. (lying) 544; enigmatical, indeterminate.
	Phr. on the one hand, on the other hand.

	#521. Metaphor.-- N. [non-literal meaning] {{is_a: substitution}}.
	metaphor, figure, trope, enallage[obs3], catachresis[obs3]; figure of speech; facon de parler [French],  manner of speaking, way of speaking, colloquialism.
	metonym, metonymy[Gram], synecdoche[Semant].
	autonomasia[obs2], irony, figurativeness &c. adj.
	image, imagery.
	metalepsis[obs3], type.
	simile.
	anthropomorphism; personification, prosopopoeia[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(tale)}} allegory, apologue[obs3], parable, fable.
	allusion, adumbration; application.
	{{has_subtype: exaggeration , hyperbole &c. 549}}.
	{{similar_to: association, association of ideas  (analogy) 514a, M5.7 (creative thought)}}.
	{{similar_to: satire, parody, irony, caricature @R856}}.
	{{similar_to: sarcasm, mockery @R929, @M9.3.2  Moral Sentiments}}.
	{ref: phrase, turn of phrase &c. 566}.
	V. employ -metaphor &c. n.; personify, allegorize, adumbrate, shadow forth, apply, allude to.
	anthropomorphize, personify.
	Adj. metaphorical, figurative; catachrestical[obs3], typical, tralatitious[obs3], parabolic.
	allegorical, allusive.
	anagogical[obs3].
	{{similar_to: satirical, ironic, ironical, @R856}}.
	colloquial; tropical.
	anthropomorphic.
	Adv. figuratively, so to speak, so to say, so to express oneself; as it were, in a manner of speaking.
	Phr. mutato nomine de te fabula narratur [Lat][Horace].

	#522. Interpretation. -- N. {{hperforms(interpreter, R524,  P2.3.2.3.2.5.65)}} interpretation, definition; explanation, explication.
	sense, light, reading, lection, construction, version; acception[obs3], acceptation, acceptance.
	translation; rendering, rendition; redition[obs3]; literal translation; free translation, loose translation.
	{{carries_out(computer)}} machine translation, automatic translation.
	solution, answer; rationale; plain interpretation, simple interpretation, strict  interpretation, literal interpretation; meaning &c. 516.
	key; secret; clew &c. (indication) 550.
	{{has_subtype(translation)}} {{uses(studying/learning)}} crib, pony, trot [U.S.], clavis[obs3].
	{{uses(mysticism)}} anagoge, anagogy.
	exegesis; expounding, exposition; hermeneutics; comment, commentary; inference &c. (deduction) 480; illustration, exemplification.
	{{has_subtype(addition)}} annotation, notation, note.
	gloss, scholium[obs3]; elucidation, dilucidation[obs1]; eclaircissement[Fr], mot d'enigme[Fr].
	{{property_of(conciseness, R572)}} [interpretation using fewer words]  paraphrase, metaphrase[obs3], synopsis, summary, executive summary, digest, outline; restatement; abridgement.
	[methods of interpreting - list] symptomatology[Med]; semiology, semeiology[obs3], semiotics; metoposcopy[obs3]; physiognomy; paleography &c. (philology) 560; [of dreams] oneirology.
	equivalent, equivalent meaning &c. 516.
	{{has_subtype(equivalent meaning): synonym; convertible terms}}.
	{[in_frame(grammar)]} {{has_subtype(equivalent meaning)}} apposition; polyglot[obs2].

	[ref: dictionary &c. 562].
	V. interpret, explain, define, construe, translate, render; do into, turn into; transfuse the sense of.
	find out &c. 480a the meaning &c. 516 of; read; spell out, make out; decipher, unravel, disentangle; find the key of, enucleate, resolve, solve; read between the lines.
	account for; find the cause, tell the cause &c. 153 of;
 throw light upon, shed light upon, shed new light upon, shed fresh light upon; clear up, clarify, elucidate.
	illustrate, exemplify; unfold, expound, comment upon, annotate; popularize &c. (render intelligible) 518.
	take in a particular sense, understand in a particular sense, receive in a particular sense, accept in a particular sense; understand by, put a construction on, be given to understand.
	Adj. explanatory, expository; explicative, explicatory; exegetical[obs3]; construable.
	polyglot; literal; paraphrastic, metaphrastic[obs3]; consignificative[obs3], synonymous; equivalent &c. 27.
	Adv. in explanation &c. n.; that is to say, id est, videlicet, to wit, namely, in other words.
	literally, strictly speaking; in plain, in plainer terms, in plainer words, in plainer English; more simply.

	#523. Misinterpretation.  --  N. misinterpretation, misapprehension, misunderstanding, misacceptation[obs1], misconstruction, misapplication; catachresis[obs3]; eisegesis[obs3]; cross-reading, cross-purposes; mistake &c. 495.
	misrepresentation, perversion, exaggeration &c. 549; false coloring, false construction; abuse of terms; parody, travesty; falsification &c. (lying) 544.
	V. misinterpret, misapprehend, misunderstand, misconceive, misspell, mistranslate, misconstrue,  misapply; mistake &c. 495.
	misrepresent, pervert; explain wrongly, misstate; garble &c. (falsify) 544; distort, detort[obs1]; travesty, play upon words; stretch the sense, strain the sense, stretch the meaning, strain the meaning, wrest the sense, wrest the meaning; explain away; put a bad construction on, put a false construction on; give a false coloring.
	be at cross purposes, play at cross purposes.
	Adj. misinterpreted &c. v.; untranslated, untranslatable.

<-- interpreter, R524 to  P2.3.2.3.2.5.65  -->

M8.1.2 Modes of Communication  R525 to R539, R549    [[communication]]
<--  		(generally adverbs)
			525.	Manifestation				526.	Latency
			527.	Information				528.	Concealment
			529.	Disclosure				530.	Ambush
			531.	Publication
			532.	News						533.	Secret
-   534.   Messenger  to HROLE  -
			535.	Affirmation				536.	Negation
			537.	Teaching					 538.	Misteaching
										 539.	Learning
										549.	Exaggeration
	- 540 teacher and 541 learner to HROLE  -
	- 542. School to M9.5 Voluntary Institutions  -->
<--  to properties of ideas:	543.	Veracity..	544.	Falsehood
	ref M8.1.2 Modes of communication	545.	Deception  	546.	Untruth
     (properties of a communication? or properties of the ideas communicated?)  -->
	<-- 547. dupe and 548. deceiver to HROLE  -->

	#525. Manifestation.-- N. {ant. 527} manifestation; plainness &c. adj.; plain speaking; expression; showing &c. v.; exposition, demonstration; exhibition, production; display, show; showing off; premonstration[obs1].  exhibit[Thing shown].
	indication &c. (calling attention to) 457. publicity &c. 531; disclosure &c. 529; openness &c. (honesty) 543, (artlessness) 703; epanchement.
	evidence &c. 467.
	V. make manifest, render manifest &c. adj.; bring forth, bring forward, bring to the front, bring into view; give notice; express; represent, set forth, exhibit; show, show up ; expose; produce; hold up to view, expose to view; set before one, place before one, lay before one, one's eyes; tell to one's face; trot out, put through one's paces, bring to light, display, demonstrate, unroll; lay open; draw out, bring out; bring out in strong relief; call into notice, bring into notice; hold up the mirror; wear one's heart upon his sleeve; show one's face, show one's colors; manifest oneself; speak out; make no mystery, make no secret of; unfurl the flag; proclaim &c. (publish) 531.
	indicate &c. (direct attention to) 457; disclose &c. 529; elicit &c. 480a.
	be manifest &c. adj.; appear &c. (be visible) 446; transpire &c. (be disclosed) 529; speak for itself, stand to reason; stare one in the face, rear its head; give token, give sign, give indication of; tell its own tale &c. (intelligible) 518.
	Adj. manifest, apparent; salient, striking, demonstrative, prominent, in the foreground, notable, pronounced.
	flagrant; notorious &c. (public) 531; arrant; stark s; screen from sight, screen from observation; drawing the veil; draw the curtain, close the curtain; curtain, shade, eclipse, throw a view over; be cloud, be mask; mask, disguise; ensconce, mufft3]; intelligible &c. 518.
	plain, clear, clear as day, clear as daylight, clear as noonday; plain as a pike staff, plain as the sun at noon-day, plain as the nose on one's face, plain as the way to parish church.
	explicit, overt, patent, express; ostensible; open, open as day;  naked, bare, literal, downright, undisguised, exoteric.
	unreserved, frank, plain-spoken &c. (artless) 703; candid (veracious) 543; barefaced.
	manifested &c. v.; disclosed &c. 529; capable of being shown, producible; inconcealable[obs3], unconcealable; no secret.
	Adv. manifestly, openly &c. adj.; before one's eyes, under one's nose, to one's face, face to face, above board, cartes sur table, on the stage, in open court, in the open streets; in market overt; in the face of day, face of heaven; in broad daylight, in open daylight; without reserve; at first blush, prima facie[Lat], on the face of; in set terms.
	Phr. cela saute aux yeux[French]; he that runs may read; you can see it with half an eye; it needs no ghost to tell us [Hamlet]; the meaning lies on the surface; cela va sans dire[Fr]; res ipsa loquitur[Lat]; "clothing the palpable and familiar" [Coleridge]; fari quae sentiat[Lat]; volto sciolto i pensieri stretti [It]; "you don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows" [Bob Dylan].

	#526. Latency. Implication.  -- N. {ant. 526} latency, inexpression[obs3]; hidden meaning, occult meaning; occultness, mystery, cabala[obs3], anagoge[obs3]; silence &c. (taciturnity) 585; concealment &c. 528; more than meets the eye, more than meets the ear; Delphic oracle; le dessous des cartes[Fr] [Hamlet].
	snake in the grass &c. (pitfall) 667; secret &c. 533.
	darkness, invisibility, imperceptibility.
	undercurrent.
	implication, logical implication.
	allusion, insinuation; innuendo &c. 527; adumbration; "something rotten in the state of Denmark"
	V. be latent &c. adj.; lurk, smolder, underlie, make no sign; escape observation, escape detection, escape recognition; lie hid &c. 528.
	laugh in one's sleeve; keep back &c. (conceal) 528.
	involve, imply, understand, allude to, infer, leave an inference; whisper &c. (conceal) 528.
	[understand the implication] read between the lines.
	Adj. latent; lurking &c. v.; secret &c. 528; occult; implied &c. v.; dormant; abeyant.
	unapparent, unknown, unseen &c. 441; in the background; invisible &c. 447; indiscoverable[obs3], dark; impenetrable &c. (unintelligible) 519; unspied[obs3], unsuspected.
	unsaid, unwritten, unpublished, unbreathed[obs3], untalked of[obs3], untold &c. 527, unsung, unexposed, unproclaimed[obs3], undisclosed &c. 529, unexpressed; not expressed, tacit.
	undeveloped, solved, unexplained, untraced[obs3], undiscovered &c. R480a, untracked, unexplored, uninvented[obs3].
	indirect, crooked, inferential; by inference, by implication; implicit; constructive; allusive, covert, muffled; steganographic[obs3]; understood, underhand, underground;  delitescent[obs3], concealed &c. 528.
	Adv. by a side wind; sub silentio[Lat]; in the background; behind the scenes, behind one's back; on the tip of one's tongue; secretly &c. 528; between the lines.
	Phr. "thereby hangs a tale" [As You Like It]; tacitum vivit sub pectore vulnus [Lat][Vergil]; where there's smoke, there's fire.

<-- note that information, here is the ACT of informing (communication).  The subject  of the informing process (also called information) is listed under  Knowledge, R490.   -->

	#527. Information.-- N. information, enlightenment, acquaintance, knowledge &c. 490; publicity &c. 531; data &c. 467.
	communication, intimation; notice, notification; enunciation, annunciation; announcement; communique; representation, round robin, presentment.
	case, estimate, specification, report, advice, monition; news &c. 532; return &c. (record) 551; account &c. (description) 594; statement &c. (affirmation) 535.
	mention; acquainting &c. v; instruction &c. (teaching) 537; outpouring; intercommunication, communicativeness.
	{{performed_by: informant,  teller, informer, P2.3.2.3.2.5.57}}.
	hint, suggestion, innuendo, inkling, whisper, passing word, word in the ear, subaudition[obs3], cue, byplay; gesture &c. (indication) 550; gentle hint, broad hint; verbum sapienti [Latin: a word to the wise]; insinuation &c. (latency) 526.
$$
	{{function_of}}{{has_subtype(writing)}} guidebook, handbook; manual; valet de place, cicerone, pilot, guide; vade mecum[Latin]; map, plan, chart, gazetteer; itinerary &c. (journey) 266.
	V. tell; inform, inform of; acquaint, acquaint with; impart, impart to; make acquaintance with, apprise, advise, enlighten, awaken; transmit.
	communicate, make known, let fall, mention, express, intimate, represent; publish &c. 531; notify, signify, specify, convey the knowledge of.
	let one know, have one to know; give one to understand; give notice; set before, lay before, put before; point out, put into one's head; put one in possession of; instruct &c. (teach) 537; direct the attention to &c. 457.
	announce, annunciate; report, report progress; bringword[obs3], send word, leave word, write word; telegraph, telephone; wire; retail, render an account; give an account &c. (describe) 594); state &c (affirm) 535.
	[disclose inadvertently or reluctantly] let slip, blurt out, spill the beans, unburden oneself of, let off one's chest; disclose &c. 529.
	show cause; explain &c. (interpret) 522.
	hint; given an inkling of; give a hint, drop a hint, throw out a hint; insinuate; allude to, make allusion to; glance at; tip the wink &c. (indicate) 550; suggest, prompt, give the cue, breathe; whisper, whisper in the ear.
	give a bit of one's mind; tell one plainly, tell once for all; speak volumes.
	undeceive[obs3], unbeguile[obs3]; set right, correct, open the eyes of, disabuse, disillusion one of.
	be informed of &c.; know &c 490; learn &c. 539; get scent of, get wind of, gather from; awaken to, open one's eyes to; become alive, become awake to; hear, overhear, understand.
	come to one's ears, come to one's knowledge; reach one's ears.
	{{has_commencement}} contact, get in touch, reach, get, get through to.
	Adj. informed &c. v.; communique; reported &c. v.; published &c. 531.
	expressive &c. 516; explicit &c. (open) 525, (clear) 518; plain spoken &c, (artless) 703.
	nuncupative, nuncupatory[obs1]; declaratory, expository; enunciative[obs3]; communicative, communicatory[obs3].
	Adv. from information received.
	Phr. a little bird told me; I heard it through the grapevine. 

	#527a. Correction. [Correct an error of information; distinguish from correcting a flaw or misbehavior] -- N.  correction.
	disillusionment &c. 616.
	V.  correct, set right, set straight, put straight; undeceive[obs3]; enlighten.
	show one one's error; point out an error, point out a fallacy; pick out an error, pick out the fallacy; open one's eyes.
	pick apart an argument, confutation &c. 479; reasoning &c. 476.
	Adj. corrective.
	Phr. I stand corrected.

	#528. Concealment.-- N. concealment; hiding &c. v.; occultation, mystification.
	seal of secrecy; screen &c. 530; disguise &c. 530; masquerade; masked battery; hiding place &c. 530; cryptography, steganography[obs3]; freemasonry.
	stealth, stealthiness, sneakiness; obreption[obs1]; slyness &c. (cunning) 702.
	latitancy[obs3], latitation[obs3]; seclusion &c. 893; privacy, secrecy, secretness[obs3]; incognita.
	reticence; reserve; mental reserve, reservation; arriere pensee[Fr], suppression, evasion, white lie, misprision; silence &c. (taciturnity) 585; suppression of truth &c. 544; underhand dealing; closeness, secretiveness &c. adj.; mystery.
	latency &c. 526; snake in the grass; secret &c. 533; stowaway.
	V. conceal, hide, secrete, put out of sight; lock up, seal up, bottle up.
	encrypt, encode, cipher.
	cover, screen, cloak, veil, shroud; cover up one's tracks; screen from sight, screen from observation; drawing the veil; draw the curtain, close the curtain; curtain, shade, eclipse, throw a view over; be cloud, be mask; mask, disguise; ensconce, muffle, smother; befog; whisper.
	keep from; keep back, keep to oneself; keep snug, keep close, keep secret, keep dark; bury; sink, suppress; keep from, keep from out of view, keep from out of sight; keep in the shade, throw into the shade, throw into background; stifle, hush up, smother, withhold, reserve; fence with a question; ignore &c. 460.
	keep a secret, keep one's own counsel; hold one's tongue &c. (silence) 585; make no sign, not let it go further; not breathe a word, not breathe a syllable about; not let the right hand know what the left is doing; hide one's light under a bushel, bury one's talent in a napkin.
	keep in the dark, leave in the dark, keep in the ignorance; blind, blind the eyes; blindfold, hoodwink, mystify; puzzle &c. (render uncertain) 475; bamboozle &c. (deceive) 545.
	be concealed &c. v.; suffer an eclipse; retire from sight, couch; hide oneself; lie hid,  lie in perdu[Fr], lie in close; lie in ambush (ambush) 530; seclude oneself &c. 893; lurk, sneak, skulk, slink, prowl; steal into, steal out of, steal by, steal along; play at bopeep[obs3], play at hide and seek; hide in holes and corners; still hunt.
	Adj. concealed &c. v.; hidden; secret, recondite, mystic, cabalistic, occult, dark; cryptic, cryptical[obs3]; private, privy, in petto, auricular, clandestine, close, inviolate; tortuous.
	behind a screen &c. 530; undercover, under an eclipse; in ambush, in hiding, in disguise; in a cloud, in a fog, in a mist, in a haze, in a dark corner; in the shade, in the dark; clouded, wrapped in clouds, wrapt in clouds[obs3]; invisible &c.447; buried, underground, perdu[Fr]; secluded &c. 893.
	undisclosed &c. 529, untold &c. 527; covert &c. (latent) 526; untraceable; mysterious &c. (unintelligible) 519.
	irrevealable[obs3], inviolable; confidential; esoteric; not to be spoken of; unmentionable.
	obreptitious[obs3], furtive, stealthy, feline; skulking &c. v.; surreptitious, underhand, hole and corner; sly &c. (cunning). 702; secretive, evasive; reserved, reticent, uncommunicative, buttoned up; close, close as wax; taciturn &c. 585.
	Adv. secretly &c. adj.; in secret, in private, in one's sleeve, in holes and corners; in the dark &c. adj.
	januis clausis[Lat], with closed doors, a huis clos[Fr]; hugger mugger, a la derobee[Fr]; under the cloak of, under the rose, under the table; sub rosa[Lat], en tapinois[Fr], in the background, aside, on the sly, with bated breath, sotto voce[Lat], in a whisper, without beat of drum, a la sourdine[obs3].
	behind the veil; beyond mortal ken, beyond the grave, beyond the veil; hid from mortal vision; into the eternal secret, into the realms supersensible[obs3], into the supreme mystery.
	in confidence, in strict confidence, in strictest confidence; confidentially &c. adj.; between ourselves, between you and me; between you and me and the bedpost; entre nous[Fr], inter nos, under the seal of secrecy; a couvert[Fr].
	underhand, by stealth, like a thief in the night; stealthily &c. adj.; behind the scenes, behind the curtain, behind one's back, behind a screen &c. 530; incognito; in camera.
	Phr. it must go no further, it will go no further; don't tell a soul;"tell it not in Gath," nobody the wiser; alitur vitium vivitque tegendo[Lat][obs3]; "let it be tenable in your silence still"[Hamlet].
	[confidential disclosure to news reporters]  background information, deep background information, deep background; background session, backgrounder; not for attribution

	#529. Disclosure -- N. disclosure; retection[obs1]; unveiling &c. v.; deterration[obs3], revealment, revelation; exposition, exposure; expose; whole truth; telltale &c. (news) 532.
	acknowledgment, avowal; confession, confessional; shrift.
	bursting of a bubble; denouement.
	[ref: person who discloses a secret = P2.3.2.3.2.5.16  tattletale]
	V. disclose, discover, dismask[obs1]; draw the veil, draw aside the veil, lift the veil, raise the veil, lift up the veil, remove the veil, tear aside the veil, tear the curtain; unmask, unveil, unfold, uncover, unseal, unkennel; take off the seal, break the seal; lay open, lay bare; expose; open, open up; bare, bring to light.
	divulge, reveal, break; squeal, tattle, sing, rat, snitch [all coll.]; let into the secret; reveal the secrets of the prison house; tell &c. (inform) 527;  breathe, utter; blurt out, blab, peach; let out, let fall, let drop, let slip, spill the beans, let the cat out of the bag; betray; tell tales, come out of school; come out with; give vent, give utterance to; open the lips, vent, whisper about, spread; speak out &c. (make manifest) 525; make public &c. 531; unriddle &c. (find out) 480a; split.
	acknowledge, allow, concede, grant, admit, own, own up to,  confess, avow, throw off all disguise, turn inside out, make a clean breast; show one's hand, show one's cards; unburden one's mind, disburden one's mind, disburden one's conscience, disburden one's heart; open one's mind, lay bare one's mind, tell a piece of one's mind[Fr]; unbosom oneself, own to the soft impeachment; say the truth, speak the truth; turn King's (or Queen's) evidence; acknowledge the corn* [U.S.].
	raise the mask, drop the mask, lift the mask, remove the mask, throw off the mask; expose; lay open; undeceive[obs3], unbeguile[obs3]; disabuse, set right, correct, open the eyes of; desillusionner.
	be disclosed &c.; transpire, come to light; come in sight &c. (be visible) 446; become known, escape the lips; come out, ooze out, creep out, leak out, peep out, crop-out; show its face, show its colors; discover &c. itself; break through the clouds, flash on the mind.
	Adj. disclosed &c. v.; open, public &c. 525.
	Int.out with it!
	Phr. the murder is out; a light breaks in upon one; the scales fall from one's eyes; the eyes are opened.

	#530. Ambush [Means of concealment]. -- N. camouflage; mimicry; hiding place; secret place, secret drawer; recess, hold, holes and corners; closet, crypt, adytum[obs3], abditory[obs3], oubliette.
	ambush, ambuscade; stalking horse; lurking hole, lurking place; secret path, back stairs; retreat &c. (refuge) 666.
	{{has_metaphor}} screen, cover, shade, blinker; veil, curtain, blind, cloak, cloud.
	{{has_metaphor}} mask, visor, vizor[obs3], disguise, masquerade dress, domino.
	pitfall &c. (source of danger) 667; trap &c. (snare) 545.
	V. blend in, blend into the background.
	lie in ambush &c. (hide oneself) 528; lie in wait for, lurk; set a trap for &c. (deceive) 545; ambuscade, ambush.
	[transitive] camouflage.
	Adj. camouflaged, hidden, concealed.
	Adv. aux aguets[obs3].

	#531. Publication.-- N. publication; public announcement &c. 527; promulgation, propagation, proclamation, pronunziamento [Italian]; circulation, indiction[obs3], edition; hue and cry.
	publicity, notoriety, currency, flagrancy, cry, bruit, hype; vox populi; report &c. (news) 532.
	the Press, public press, newspaper, journal, gazette, daily; telegraphy; publisher &c. v.; imprint.
	circular, circular letter; manifesto, advertisement, ad., placard, bill, affiche[obs3], broadside, poster; notice &c. 527.
	V. publish; make public, make known &c. (information) 527; speak of, talk of; broach, utter; put forward; circulate, propagate, promulgate; spread, spread abroad; rumor, diffuse, disseminate, evulugate; put forth, give forth, send forth; emit, edit, get out; issue; bring before the public, lay before the public, drag before the public; give out, give to the world; put about, bandy about, hawk about, buzz about, whisper about, bruit about, blaze about; drag into the open day; voice.
	proclaim, herald, blazon; blaze abroad, noise abroad; sound a trumpet; trumpet forth, thunder forth; give tongue; announce with beat of drum, announce with flourish of trumpets; proclaim from the housetops, proclaim at Charing Cross.
	advertise, placard; post, post up afficher[obs3], publish in the Gazette, send round the crier.
	raise a cry, raise a hue and cry, raise a report; set news afloat.
	be published &c; be public, become public &c. adj.; come out; go about, fly about, buzz about, blow about; get about, get abroad, get afloat, get wind; find vent; see the light; go forth, take air, acquire currency, pass current; go the rounds, go the round of the newspapers, go through the length and breadth of the land; virum volitare per ora[Lat]; pass from mouth to mouth; spread; run like wildfire, spread like wildfire.
	Adj. published &c. v.; current &c. (news) 532; in circulation, public; notorious; flagrant, arrant; open &c. 525; trumpet-tongued; encyclical, encyclic[obs3], promulgatory[obs3]; exoteric.
	Adv. publicly &c. adj.; in open court, with open doors.
	Int. Oyez! O yes! notice!
	Phr. notice is hereby given; this is to give, these are to give notice; nomina stultorum parietibus haerent[Lat]; semel emissum volat irrevocabile verbum[Lat]..

	#532. News.-- N. news; information &c. 527; piece of news[Fr], budget of news, budget of information; intelligence, tidings.
	word, advice, aviso[Sp], message; dispatch, despatch; telegram, cable, marconigram[obs3], wire, communication, errand, embassy.
	report, rumor, hearsay, on dit[Fr], flying rumor, news stirring, cry, buzz, bruit, fame; talk, oui dire[Fr], scandal, eavesdropping; town tattle, table talk; tittle tattle; canard, topic of the day, idea afloat.
	bulletin, fresh news, stirring news; glad tidings; flash, news just in; on-the-spot coverage; live coverage.
	old story, old news, stale news, stale story; chestnut*.
	narrator &c. (describe) 594; newsmonger, scandalmonger; talebearer, telltale, gossip, tattler.
	[study of news reporting] journalism.
	[methods of conveying news] media, news media, the press, the information industry; newspaper, magazine, tract, journal, gazette, publication &c. 531; radio, television, ticker (electronic information transmission).
<-- persons reporting news to HROLE - Newscaster  -->
	V. transpire &c. (be disclosed) 529; rumor &c. (publish) 531.
	Adj. many-tongued; rumored; publicly rumored, currently rumored, currently reported; rife, current, floating, afloat, going about, in circulation, in every one's mouth, all over the town.
	in progress; live; on the spot; in person.
	Adv. as the story goes, as the story runs; as they say, it is said; by telegraph, by wireless.
	Phr. "airy tongues that syllable men's names" [Milton]; what's up?; what's the latest?; what's new?; what's the latest poop?.

	#533. Secret.-- N. secret; dead secret, profound secret; arcanum[obs3], mystery; latency &c. 526; Asian mystery[obs3]; sealed book, secrets of the prison house; le desous des cartes [Fr].
	enigma, riddle, puzzle, nut to crack, conundrum, charade, rebus, logogriph[obs3]; monogram, anagram; Sphinx; crux criticorum[Lat].
	maze, labyrinth, Hyrcynian wood; intricacy, meander.
	problem &c. (question) 461; paradox &c. (difficulty) 704; unintelligibility &c. 519; terra incognita &c. (ignorance) 491.
	Adj. secret &c. (concealed) 528; involved &c, 248; labyrinthine, labyrinthian[obs3], mazy.
	confidential; top secret.

<--   534.   Messenger  to HROLE.

  [[assertion]]  -->

	#535. Assertion.
	N. {{has_subtype(sentence, R566)}} assertion, predication, statement, allegation, declaration, word, averment.
	affirmance, affirmation.
	{{has_subtype(affirmation)}} reaffirmation; confirmation.
	{{antonym_of(affirmation): negation, R536}}.
	{{has_subtype: negation, R536}}.
	asseveration, adjuration, swearing, oath, affidavit; deposition &c. (record) 551; avouchment; assurance; protest, protestation; profession; acknowledgment &c. (assent) 488; legal pledge, pronouncement; solemn averment, solemn avowal, solemn declaration.
	remark, observation; position &c. (proposition) 514, saying, dictum, sentence, ipse dixit[Lat].
	emphasis; weight; dogmatism &c. (certainty) 474; dogmatics &c. 887.
	V. assert; make an assertion &c. n.; have one's say; say, affirm, predicate, declare, state; protest, profess.
	put forth, put forward; advance, allege, propose, propound, enunciate, broach, set forth, hold out, maintain, contend, pronounce, pretend.
	depose, depone, aver, avow, avouch, asseverate, swear; make oath, take one's oath; make an affidavit, swear an affidavit, put in an affidavit; take one's Bible oath, kiss the book, vow, vitam impendere vero[Lat]; swear till one is black in the face, swear till one is blue in the face,  swear till all's blue; be sworn, call Heaven to witness; vouch, warrant, certify, assure, swear by bell book and candle.
	swear by &c. (believe) 484; insist upon, take one's stand upon; emphasize, lay stress on; assert roundly, assert positively; lay down, lay down the law; raise one's voice, dogmatize, have the last word; rap out; repeat; reassert, reaffirm.
	announce &c. (information) 527; acknowledge &c. (assent) 488; attest &c. (evidence) 467; adjure &c (put to one's oath) 768.
	Adj. asserting &c. v.; declaratory, predicatory[obs3], pronunciative[obs3], affirmative, soi-disant[Fr]; positive; certain &c. 474; express, explicit &c. (patent) 525; absolute, emphatic, flat, broad, round, pointed, marked, distinct, decided, confident, trenchant, dogmatic, definitive, formal, solemn, categorical, peremptory; unretracted[obs3]; predicable.
	Adv. affirmatively &c. adj.; in the affirmative.
	with emphasis, ex-cathedra, without fear of contradiction.
	as God is my witness, I must say, indeed, i' faith, let me tell you, why, give me leave to say, marry, you may be sure, I'd have you to know; upon my word, upon my honor; by my troth, egad, I assure you; by jingo, by Jove, by George, &c.; troth, seriously, sadly; in sadness, in sober sadness, in truth, in earnest; of a truth, truly, perdy[obs3], in all conscience, upon oath; be assured &c. (belief) 484; yes &c. (assent) 488; I'll warrant, I'll warrant you, I'll engage, I'll answer for it, I'll be bound, I'll venture to say, I'll take my oath; in fact, forsooth, joking apart; so help me God; not to mince the matter.
	Phr. quoth he; dixi[Lat].
	
	#536. Negation. -- N. negation, abnegation; denial; disavowal, disclaimer; abjuration; contradiction, contravention; recusation[obs3][Law], protest; recusancy &c. (dissent) 489; flat contradiction, emphatic contradiction, emphatic denial, dementi[Lat].
	qualification &c. 469; repudiation &c. 610; retraction &c. 607; confutation &c. 479; refusal &c. 764; prohibition &c. 761.
	V. deny; contradict, contravene; controvert, give denial to, gainsay, negative, shake the head.
	disown, disaffirm, disclaim, disavow; recant &c. 607; revoke &c. (abrogate) 756.
	dispute; impugn, traverse, rebut, join issue upon; bring in question, call in question &c. (doubt) 485; give (one) the lie in his throat.
	deny flatly, deny peremptorily, deny emphatically, deny absolutely, deny wholly, deny entirely; give the lie to, belie.
	repudiate &c. 610; set aside, ignore &c. 460; rebut &c. (confute) 479; qualify &c. 469; refuse &c. 764.
	recuse[Law].
	Adj. negative, negatory; no; not, anything but; everything but.
	denying &c. v.; denied &c. v.; contradictory; recusant &c. (dissenting) 489; at issue upon.
	Adv. no, nay, not, nowise; not a bit, not a whit, not a jot; not at all, nohow, not in the least, not so; negative, negatory.
	{{has_high_intensity}} no way [coll.]; no such thing; nothing of the kind, nothing of the sort; quite the contrary, tout au contraire[Fr], far from it; tant s'en faut[Fr]; on no account, in no respect; by no, by no manner of means; not on your life.
	negatively.
	[negative with respect to time] never, never in a million years; at no time.
	Phr. there never was a greater mistake; I know better; non haec in faedera[Lat]; a thousand times no.

<-- we need to distinguish teaching (objectively) and persuasion (to R537a) , because of the different goals and motives -->
<-- note here that knowledge is the result of teaching, but it is also the result of learning.  The recipient of knowledge is the subject in one case, object in the other.  How to distinguish? -->
	#537. Teaching.-- N. {{result_of(knowledge)}} teaching &c. v.; instruction; edification; education; tuition; tutorage, tutelage; direction, guidance; opsimathy[obs3].
	qualification, preparation; training, schooling &c. v.; discipline; excitation.
	drill, practice; book exercise.
	{{has_subtype: persuasion, proselytism, propagandism[obs3], propaganda; indoctrination, inculcation, inoculation, R537a}}.
	{{has_subtype: advise &c. 695}}.
	explanation &c. (interpretation) 522; lesson, lecture, sermon; apologue[obs3], parable; discourse, prolection[obs3], preachment; chalk talk; Chautauqua [U.S.].
	exercise, task; curriculum; course, course of study; grammar, three R's, initiation, A.B.C. &c. (beginning) 66.
	elementary education, primary education, secondary education, technical education, college education, collegiate education, military education, university education, liberal education, classical education, religious education, denominational education, moral education, secular education; propaedeutics[obs3], moral tuition.
	[muscular training] {{has_subtype(training)}} gymnastics, calisthenics; physical drill, physical education; sloyd[obs3].
	[methods of teaching] phonics; rote, rote memorization, brute memory; cooperative learning; Montessori method, ungraded classes.
	[measuring degree of learning of pupils] {{assessed_by}} test, examination, exam; final exam, mid-term exam  grade[result of measurement of learning], score, marks; A,B,C,D,E,F; gentleman's C; pass, fail, incomplete.
	homework; take-home lesson; exercise for the student; theme, project.
	{{performed_by: teacher, R540, P2.3.2.3.2.5.55}}.
	V. teach, instruct, educate, edify, school, tutor; cram, prime, coach; enlighten &c. (inform) 527.
	inculcate, inoculate, infuse, instill, infix, ingraft[obs3], infiltrate; imbue, impregnate, implant; graft, sow the seeds of, disseminate.
	given an idea of; put up to, put in the way of; set right.
	sharpen the wits, enlarge the mind; give new ideas, open the eyes, bring forward, "teach the young idea how to shoot" [Thomson]; improve &c. 658.
	expound &c. (interpret) 522; lecture; read a lesson, give a lesson, give a lecture, give a sermon, give a discourse; incept[obs3]; hold forth, preach; sermonize, moralize; point a moral.
	train, discipline; bring up, bring up to;  form, ground, prepare, qualify;  drill, exercise, practice, habituate, familiarize with, nurture, drynurse[obs3], breed, rear, take in hand; break, break in; tame; preinstruct[obs3]; initiate; inure &c. (habituate) 613.
	put to nurse, send to school.
	direct, guide; direct attention to &c. (attention) 457; impress upon the mind, impress upon the memory; beat into, beat into the head; convince &c. (belief) 484.
	[instructional materials] book, workbook, exercise book.
	[unnecessary teaching] preach to the wise, teach one's grandmother to suck eggs, teach granny to suck eggs; preach to the converted.
	Adj. teaching &c. v.; taught &c. v.; educational; scholastic, academic, doctrinal; disciplinal[obs3]; instructive, instructional, didactic; propaedeutic[obs3], propaedeutical[obs3].
	Phr. the schoolmaster abroad; a bovi majori disscit arare minor[Lat]; adeo in teneris consuecere multum est [Lat][Vergil]; docendo discimus[Lat]; quaenocent docent[Lat]; qui docet discit[Latin]; "sermons in stones and good in everything"  [As You Like It].

	#537a. Persuasion.  -- N.  persuasion, proselytism, propagandism[obs3], propaganda; indoctrination, inculcation, inoculation; advise &c. 695.
	{{performed_by: proselytizer, propagandist, &c. P2.3.2.3.2.5.54}}.
	V. indoctrinate, proselytize, propagandize; inculcate, catechize.

	#538.  Misteaching.-- N. misteaching[obs3], misinformaton, misintelligence[obs3], misguidance, misdirection, mispersuasion[obs3], misinstruction[obs3], misleading &c. v.; perversion, false teaching; sophistry &c. 477; college of Laputa; the blind leading the blind.
	[misteaching by government agents] propaganda, disinformation, agitprop; indoctrination.
	V. misinform, misteach[obs3], misdescribe[obs3], misinstruct[obs3], miscorrect[obs3]; misdirect, misguide; pervert; put on a false scent, throw off the scent, throw off the trail; deceive &c. 545; mislead &c. (error) 495; misrepresent; lie &c. 544; ambiguas in vulgum spargere voces [Lat][Vergil].
	propagandize, disinform.
	render unintelligible &c. 519; bewilder &c. (uncertainty) 475; mystify &c. (conceal) 528; unteach.
	[person or government agent who misteaches] propagandist.
	Adj. misteaching &c. v.; unedifying.
	Phr. piscem natare doces [Lat]; the blind leading the blind.

	#539. Learning -- N. {{result_of(knowledge, R490)}} {{result_of(skill,  698)}}{{result_of(Scholar, R492, P2.3.2.3.2.4.6)}} {{result_of(Sage,  R500, P2.3.2.3.2.4.8)}} learning; acquirement, attainment; edification, scholarship, erudition; acquired knowledge, lore, wide information; self-instruction; study, reading, perusal; inquiry &c. 451.
	apprenticeship, prenticeship[obs3]; pupilage, pupilarity[obs3]; tutelage, novitiate, matriculation.
	docility &c. (willingness) 602; aptitude &c. 698.
	{{performed_by: learner, R541, P2.3.2.3.2.5.56}}.
	V. learn; acquire knowledge, gain knowledge, receive knowledge, take in knowledge, drink in knowledge, imbibe knowledge, pick up knowledge, gather knowledge, get knowledge, obtain knowledge, collect knowledge, glean knowledge, glean information, glean learning.
	acquaint oneself with, master; make oneself master of, make oneself acquainted with; grind, cram; get up, coach up; learn by heart, learn by rote.
	read, spell, peruse; con over, pore over, thumb over; wade through; dip into; run the eye over, run the eye through; turn over the leaves.
	study; be studious &c. adj.
	[study intensely] burn the midnight oil, consume the midnight oil, mind one's book; cram.
	go to school, go to college, go to the university; matriculate; serve an (or one's) apprenticeship, serve one's time; learn one's trade; be informed &c. 527; be taught &c. 537.
	[stop going to school volunarily (intransitive)] drop out, leave school, quit school; graduate; transfer; take a leave.
	[cause to stop going to school (transitive)] dismiss, expel, kick out of school.
	[stop going to school involuntarily] flunk out; be dismissed &c.
	Adj. studious; scholastic, scholarly; teachable; docile &c. (willing) 602; apt &c. 698, industrious &c. 682.
	Adv. at one's books; in statu pupillari &c. (learner) 541[Lat].
	Phr. "a lumber-house of books in every head" [Pope]; ancora imparo[Lat][obs3]! "hold high converse with the mighty dead" [Thomson]; "lash'd into Latin by the tingling rod" [Gay].

<-- Teacher, R540 to P2.3.2.3.2.5.55 and Learner, R541 to P2.3.2.3.2.5.56 -->

<--  542 school should go to M9.5 voluntary institutions?  -->
	#542. School.-- N. {{performed_at(teaching, R537)}}.
	school, academy, university, alma mater, college, seminary, Lyceum; institute, institution.
	palaestra, Gymnasium.
	day school; boarding school; preparatory school; primary school, infant school, dame's school, grammar school, middle class school, Board school, denominational school, National school, British and Foreign school, collegiate school, art school, continuation school, convent school, County Council school, government school, grant-in-aid school; land-grant college; agricultural college; Agricultural and Mining Institute, A&M; high school, intermediate school; higher grade school; military school, military academy; missionary school; naval school, naval academy; state-aided school; technical school, vocational school, vocational college, vocational-technical college; voluntary school; school of art; kindergarten, nursery, creche; reformatory.
	{{has_part}} pulpit, lectern; soap box desk, reading desk, ambo[obs3]; state, rostrum, platform, hustings, tribune.
	{{has_part}}{{has_subtype(room)}}  lecture room, theater, auditorium, amphitheater, forum.
	{{has_activity}} class, lecture, seminar; laboratory exercise, lab.
	{{uses}} school book, horn book, text book; grammar, primer, abecedary[obs3], rudiments, manual, vade mecum; encyclopedia, cyclopedia; Lindley Murray, Cocker; dictionary, lexicon.
	professorship, lectureship, readership, fellowship, tutorship; chair.
	School Board Council of Education; Board of Education; Board of Studies, Prefect of Studies; Textbook Committee; propaganda.
	Adj. scholastic, academic, collegiate; educational.
	Adv. ex cathedra[Lat].

	#543. Veracity.-- N. veracity; truthfulness, frankness, &c. adj.; truth, sincerity, candor, unreserve[obs2], honesty, fidelity; plain dealing, bona fides[Lat]; love of truth; probity &c. 939; ingenuousness &c. (artlessness) 703.
	the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth; honest truth, sober truth &c. (fact) 494; unvarnished tale; light of truth.
	V. speak the truth, tell the truth; speak by the card; paint in its true colors, show oneself in one's true colors; make a clean breast &c. (disclose) 529; speak one's mind &c. (be blunt) 703; not lie &c. 544, not deceive &c. 545.
	Adj. truthful, true; veracious, veridical; scrupulous &c. (honorable) 939; sincere, candid, frank, open, straightforward, unreserved; open hearted, true hearted, simple-hearted; honest, trustworthy; undissembling &c. (dissemble &c. 544)[obs3]; guileless, pure; truth-loving; unperjured[obs3]; true blue, as good as one's word; unaffected, unfeigned, bona fide; outspoken, ingenuous &c. (artless) 703; undisguised &c. (real) 494.
	uncontrived.
	Adv. truly &c. (really) 494; in plain words &c. 703; in truth, with truth, of a truth, in good truth; as the dial to the sun, as the needle to the pole; honor bright; troth; in good sooth[obs3], in good earnest; unfeignedly, with no nonsense, in sooth[obs3], sooth to say[obs3], bona fide, in foro conscientiae[Lat]; without equivocation; cartes sur table, from the bottom of one's heart; by my troth &c. (affirmation) 535.
	Phr. di il vero a affronterai il diavolo[It][obs3]; Dichtung und Wahrheit[Ger]; esto quod esse videris[Lat]; magna est veritas et praevalet[Lat]; "that golden key that opes the palace of eternity" [Milton]; veritas odium parit[Lat]; veritatis simplex oratio est[Lat]; verite sans peur[Fr].

<-- should clarify distinction between untruth generally (objectively false) and untruth in communication (lie, deception) -->
	#544. Falsehood. -- N. falsehood, falseness; falsity, falsification; deception &c. 545; untruth &c. 546; guile; lying &c. 454; untruth &c. 546; guile; lying &c. v. misrepresentation; mendacity, perjury, false swearing; forgery, invention, fabrication; subreption[obs3]; covin[obs3].
	perversion of truth, suppression of truth; suppressio veri[Lat]; perversion, distortion, false coloring; exaggeration &c. 549; prevarication, equivocation, shuffling, fencing, evasion, fraud; suggestio falsi &c. (lie) 546[Lat]; mystification &c. (concealment) 528; simulation &c. (imitation) 19; dissimulation, dissembling; deceit; blague[obs3].
	sham; pretense, pretending, malingering.
	lip homage, lip service; mouth honor; hollowness; mere show, mere outside; duplicity, double dealing, insincerity, hypocrisy, cant, humbug; jesuitism, jesuitry; pharisaism; Machiavelism, "organized hypocrisy"; crocodile tears, mealy-mouthedness[obs3], quackery; charlatanism[obs3], charlatanry; gammon; bun-kum[obs3], bumcombe, flam; bam*[obs3], flimflam, cajolery, flattery; Judas kiss; perfidy &c. (bad faith) 940; il volto sciolto i pensieri stretti[It].
	unfairness &c. (dishonesty) 940; artfulness &c. (cunning) 702; misstatement &c. (error) 495.
	V. be false &c. adj., be a liar &c. 548; speak falsely &c. adv.; tell a lie &c. 546; lie, fib; lie like a trooper; swear false, forswear, perjure oneself, bear false witness.
	misstate, misquote, miscite[obs3], misreport, misrepresent; belie, falsify, pervert, distort; put a false construction upon &c. (misinterpret)
	prevaricate, equivocate, quibble; palter, palter to the understanding; repondre en Normand[Fr]; trim, shuffle, fence, mince the truth, beat about the bush, blow hot and cold, play fast and loose.
	garble, gloss over, disguise, give a color to; give a gloss, put a gloss, put false coloring upon; color, varnish, cook, dress up, embroider; varnish right and puzzle wrong; exaggerate &c. 549; blague[obs3].
	invent, fabricate; trump up, get up; force, fake, hatch, concoct; romance &c. (imagine) 515; cry "wolf!"
	dissemble, dissimulate; feign, assume, put on, pretend, make believe; play possum; play false, play a double game; coquet; act a part, play a part; affect &c. 855; simulate, pass off for; counterfeit, sham, make a show of; malinger; say the grapes are sour.
	cant, play the hypocrite, sham Abraham, faire pattes de velours, put on the mask, clean the outside of the platter, lie like a conjuror; hand out false colors, hold out false colors, sail under false colors; "commend the poisoned chalice to the lips" [Macbeth]; ambiguas in vulgum spargere voces [Lat]; deceive &c. 545.
	Adj. false, deceitful, mendacious, unveracious, fraudulent, dishonest, faithless, truthless, trothless; unfair, uncandid; hollow-hearted; evasive; uningenuous, disingenuous; hollow, sincere, Parthis mendacior; forsworn.
	artificial, contrived; canting; hypocritical, jesuitical, pharisaical; tartuffish; Machiavelian; double, double tongued, double faced, double handed, double minded, double hearted, double dealing; Janus faced; smooth-faced, smooth spoken, smooth tongued; plausible; mealy-mouthed; affected &c. 855.
	collusive, collusory; artful &c. (cunning) 702; perfidious &c. 940; spurious &c. (deceptive) 545; untrue &c. 546; falsified &c. v.; covinous.
	Adv. falsely &c. adj.; a la tartufe, with a double tongue; silly &c. (cunning) 702.
	Phr. blandae mendacia lingua[Lat]; falsus in uno falsus in omnibus[Lat]; "I give him joy that's awkward at a lie" [Young]; la mentira tiene las piernas cortas [Sp]; "O what a goodly outside falsehood hath" [Merchant of Venice].

<--  [[deception]]  -->
	#545. Deception. -- N. deception; falseness &c. 544; untruth &c. 546; imposition, imposture; fraud, deceit, guile; fraudulence, fraudulency[obs3]; covin[obs3]; knavery &c. (cunning) 702; misrepresentation &c. (falsehood) 544; bluff; straw-bail, straw bid [U.S.]; spoof*.
	delusion, gullery[obs3]; juggling, jugglery[obs3]; slight of hand, legerdemain; prestigiation[obs1], prestidigitation; magic &c. 992; conjuring, conjuration; hocus-pocus, escamoterie[obs3], jockeyship[obs3]; trickery, coggery[obs1], chicanery; supercherie[obs3], cozenage[obs3], circumvention, ingannation[obs1], collusion; treachery &c. 940; practical joke.
	trick, cheat, wile, blind, feint, plant, bubble, fetch, catch, chicane, juggle, reach, hocus, bite; card sharping, stacked deck, loaded dice, quick shuffle, double dealing, dealing seconds, dealing from the bottom of the deck; artful dodge, swindle; tricks upon travelers; stratagem &c. (artifice) 702; confidence trick, fake, hoax; theft &c. 791; ballot-box stuffing  barney*[obs3][U.S.], brace* game, bunko game, drop* game, gum* game,  panel game[U.S.]; shell game, thimblerig; skin* game [U.S.].
	snare, trap, pitfall, decoy, gin; springe[obs3], springle[obs1]; noose, hoot; bait, decoy-duck, tub to the whale, baited trap, guet-a-pens; cobweb, net, meshes, toils, mouse trap, birdlime; dionaea[obs3], Venus's flytrap[obs3]; ambush &c. 530; trapdoor, sliding panel, false bottom; spring-net, spring net, spring gun, mask, masked battery; mine; flytrap[obs3]; green goods [U.S.]; panel house.
	Cornish hug; wolf in sheep's clothing &c. (deceiver) 548; disguise, disguisement[obs3]; false colors, masquerade, mummery, borrowed plumes; pattes de velours[Fr].
	mockery &c. (imitation) 19; copy &c. 21; counterfeit, sham, make-believe, forgery, fraud; lie &c. 546; "a delusion a mockery and a snare" [Denman], hollow mockery.
	whited sepulcher, painted sepulcher; tinsel; paste, junk jewelry, costume jewelry, false jewelry, synthetic jewels; scagliola[obs3], ormolu, German silver, albata[obs3], paktong[obs3], white metal, Britannia metal, paint; veneer; jerry building; man of straw.
	illusion &c. (error) 495; ignis fatuus [Lat] &c. 423; mirage &c. 443.
	V. deceive, take in; defraud, cheat, jockey, do, cozen, diddle, nab, chouse, play one false, bilk, cully[obs3], jilt, bite, pluck, swindle, victimize; abuse; mystify; blind one's eyes; blindfold, hoodwink; throw dust into the eyes; dupe, gull, con, hoax, fool, befool[obs3], bamboozle, flimflam, hornswoggle; trick; take in, take someone in.
	impose upon, practice upon, play upon, put upon, palm off on, palm upon, foist upon; snatch a verdict; bluff off, bluff; bunko, four flush*, gum* [U.S.], spoof*, stuff (a ballot box) [U.S.].
	circumvent, overreach; outreach, outwit, outmaneuver; steal a march upon, give the go-by, to leave in the lurch
	decoy, waylay, lure, beguile, delude, inveigle; entrap, intrap[obs3], ensnare; nick, springe[obs3]; set a trap, lay a trap, lay a snare for; bait the hook, forelay[obs3], spread the toils, lime;  trapan[obs3], trepan; kidnap; let in, hook in; nousle[obs3], nousel[obs3]; blind a trail; enmesh, immesh[obs3]; shanghai; catch, catch in a trap; sniggle, entangle, illaqueate[obs3].
	hocus, escamoter[obs3], practice on one's credulity; hum, humbug; gammon, stuff up*, sell; play a trick upon one, play a practical joke upon one, put something over on one, put one over on; balk, trip up, throw a tub to a whale; fool to the top of one's bent, send on a fool's errand; make game, make a fool of, make an April fool of[obs3], make an ass of; trifle with, cajole, flatter; come over &c. (influence) 615; gild the pill,  make things pleasant, divert, put a good face upon; dissemble &c. 544.
	cog, cog the dice, load the dice, stack the deck; live by one's wits, play at hide and seek; obtain money under false pretenses &c. (steal) 791; conjure, juggle, practice chicanery; deacon [U.S.].
	play off, palm off, foist off, fob- off.
	lie &c. 544; misinform &c. 538; mislead &c. (error) 495; betray &c. 940; be deceived &c. 547.
	Adj. deceived &c. v.; deceiving &c; cunning &c. 702; prestigious[obs1], prestigiatory[obs1]; deceptive, deceptious[obs3]; deceitful, covinous[obs3]; delusive, delusory; illusive, illusory; elusive, insidious, ad captandum vulgus[Lat].
	untrue &c. 546; mock, sham, make-believe, counterfeit, snide*, pseudo, spurious, supposititious, so-called, pretended, feigned, trumped up, bogus, scamped, fraudulent, tricky, factitious;bastard; surreptitious, illegitimate, contraband, adulterated, sophisticated; unsound, rotten at the core; colorable; disguised; meretricious, tinsel, pinchbeck, plated; catchpenny; Brummagem.
	artificial, synthetic, ersatz[&German]; simulated &c. 544.
	Adv. under false colors, under the garb of, under cover of; over the left.
	Phr.  "keep the word of promise to the ear and break it to the hope" [Macbeth]; fronti nulla fides[Lat]; "ah that deceit should steal such gentle shapes" [Richard III]; "a quicksand of deceit" [Henry VI]; decipimur specie recti [Lat][Horace]; falsi crimen[Lat]; fraus est celare fraudem[Lat]; lupus in fabula[Lat]; "so smooth, he daubed his vice with show of virtue" [Richard III].

	#546. Untruth. -- N. untruth, falsehood, lie, story, thing that is not, fib, bounce, crammer, taradiddle[obs3], whopper; jhuth[obs3].
	forgery, fabrication, invention; misstatement, misrepresentation; perversion, falsification, gloss, suggestio falsi[Lat]; exaggeration &c. 549.
	invention, fabrication, fiction; fable, nursery tale; romance &c. (imagination) 515; absurd story, untrue story, false story, trumped up story, trumped up statement; thing devised by the enemy; canard; shave, sell, hum, traveler;s tale, Canterbury tale, cock and bull story, fairy tale, fake;  claptrap.
	press agent's yarn; puff, puffery (exaggeration) 549.
	myth, moonshine, bosh, all my eye and Betty Martin, mare's nest, farce.
	irony; half truth, white lie, pious fraud; mental reservation &c. (concealment) 528.
	pretense, pretext; false plea &c. 617; subterfuge, evasion, shift, shuffle, make-believe; sham &c. (deception) 545.
	profession, empty words; Judas kiss &c. (hypocrisy) 544; disguise &c. (mask) 530.
	V. have a false meaning.
	Adj. untrue, false, phony, trumped up; void of foundation, without- foundation; fictive, far from the truth, false as dicer's oaths; unfounded, ben trovato[It], invented, fabulous, fabricated, forged; fictitious, factitious, supposititious, surreptitious; elusory[obs3], illusory; ironical; soi-disant &c. (misnamed) 565[Fr].
	Phr. se non e vero e ben trovato[It]; "where none is meant that meets the ear" 

	#549. Exaggeration. -- N. exaggeration,; expansion &c. 194; hyperbole, stretch, strain, coloring; high coloring, caricature, caricatura[obs3]; extravagance &c. (nonsense) 497; Baron Munchausen; men in buckram, yarn, fringe, embroidery, traveler's tale; fish story, gooseberry*
	storm in a teacup; much ado about nothing &c. (overestimation) 482; puff, puffery &c. (boasting) 884; rant &c. (turgescence) 577[obs3].
	figure of speech, facon de parler[Fr]; stretch of fancy, stretch of the imagination; flight of fancy &c. (imagination) 515.
	false coloring &c. (falsehood) 544; aggravation &c. 835.
	V. exaggerate, magnify, pile up, aggravate; amplify &c. (expand) 194; overestimate &c. 482; hyperbolize; overcharge, overstate, overdraw, overlay, overshoot the mark, overpraise; make over much, over the most of; strain, strain over a point; stretch, stretch a point; go great lengths; spin a long yarn; draw with a longbow, shoot with a longbow; deal in the marvelous.
	out-Herod Herod, run riot, talk at random.
	heighten, overcolor[obs3]; color highly, color too highly; broder[obs3]; flourish; color &c. (misrepresent) 544; puff &c. (boast) 884.
	Adj. exaggerated &c. v.; overwrought; bombastic &c. (grandiloquent) 577; hyperbolical[obs3], on stilts; fabulous, extravagant, preposterous, egregious, outre[Fr], highflying[obs3].
	Adv. hyperbolically &c. adj.
	Phr. excitabat enim fluctus in simpulo [Lat][Cicero].

M8.1.3 Means of Communication (R550 to R558)
M8.1.3.1  Means of Communication generaly
		medium, message
M8.1.3.2   Natural Means of communication (WN: verb class 3)
<--   		550.	Indication
			551.	Record					552.	Obliteration
			553.	Recorder,
			554.	Representation				555.	Misrepresentation
<--  556.	Painting, 557.	Sculpture and  558.	Engraving to POART -->
		<-- 559. artist to HROLE  -->
<-- recognition of something by its features must be broken out into a separate entry.  Include the terms recognition, identification, dereplication, classification
 note memory 505, identification (comparison, 464, discovery 480a)
 distinguish recognition and recall in technical sense -->

M8.1.3.2.1 Indication (R550)   
	#550. Indication. -- N. indication; symbolism, symbolization; semiology, semiotics, semeiology[obs3], semeiotics[obs3]; Zeitgeist.
	[means of recognition: property] characteristic, diagnostic; lineament, feature, trait; fingerprint, voiceprint, footprint, noseprint [for animals]; cloven hoof; footfall; recognition (memory) 505.
	[means of recognition: tool] diagnostic, divining rod; detector.
	sign, symbol; index, indice[obs1], indicator; point, pointer; exponent, note, token, symptom; dollar sign, dollar mark.
	type, figure, emblem, cipher, device; representation &c. 554; epigraph, motto, posy.
	gesture, gesticulation; pantomime; wink, glance, leer; nod, shrug, beck; touch, nudge; dactylology[obs3], dactylonomy[obs3]; freemasonry, telegraphy, chirology[Med], byplay, dumb show; cue; hint &c. 527; clue, clew, key, scent.
	signal, signal post; rocket, blue light; watch fire, watch tower; telegraph, semaphore, flagstaff; cresset[obs3], fiery cross; calumet; heliograph; guidon; headlight.
	[sign (evidence) on physobj of contact with another physobj] mark, scratch, line, stroke, dash, score, stripe, streak, tick, dot, point, notch, nick.
	print; imprint, impress, impression.
	[symbols accompanying written text to signify modified interpretation] keyboard symbols, printing symbols;  red letter[for emphasis], italics, sublineation[obs3], underlining, bold font; jotting;  note, annotation, reference; blaze, cedilla, guillemets[obs3], hachure[Topography],  ; quotation marks, double quotes,"", parentheses, brackets, braces, curly brackets, arrows, slashes;  left parenthesis[list], "("; right parenthesis, ")";  opening bracket, "["; closing bracket, "]"; left curly brace, "{"; right curly brace, "}"; left arrow, "<"; right arrow, ">";  forward slash, "/"; backward slash, "\"; exclamation point, "!"; commercial at, "@"; pound sign, "#"; percent sign, "%"; carat, "^"; ampersand, "&";  asterisk, "*";
hyphen, "-"; dash, "-", "_"; em dash, "--"; plus sign, "+", equals sign, "="; question mark, "?"; period, "."; semicolon, ";", colon, ":"; comma, ","; apostrophe, "'"; single quote, "'"; tilde, "~".
	[For identification: general] badge, criterion; countercheck[obs3], countermark[obs3], countersign, counterfoil; duplicate, tally; label, ticket, billet, letter, counter, check, chip, chop; dib[obs3]; totem; tessera[obs3], card, bill; witness, voucher; stamp; cacher[Fr]; trade mark, Hall mark.
	[For identification of people, on a document] signature, mark, autograph, autography; attestation; hand, hand writing, sign manual; cipher; seal, sigil[Lat], signet, hand and seal [Law];  paraph[obs3], brand; superscription; indorsement[obs3], endorsement.
	[For identification of people, to gain access to restricted (locations or information)] password, watchword, catchword; security card, pass, passkey;  credentials &c. (evidence) 467; open sesame; timbrology[obs3]; mot de passe[Fr], mot du guet[Fr]; pass-parole; shibboleth.
	title, heading, docket.
	address card, visiting card; carte de visite[Fr].
	insignia; banner, banneret[obs3], bannerol[obs3]; bandrol[obs3]; flag, colors, streamer, standard, eagle, labarum[obs3], oriflamb[obs3], oriflamme; figurehead; ensign; pennon, pennant, pendant; burgee[obs3], blue Peter, jack, ancient, gonfalon, union jack; banderole, " old glory " [U.S.], quarantine flag; vexillum[obs3]; yellow-flag, yellow jack; tricolor, stars and stripes; bunting.
	heraldry, crest; coat of arms, arms; armorial bearings, hatchment[obs3]; escutcheon, scutcheon; shield, supporters; livery, uniform; cockade, epaulet, chevron; garland, love knot, favor.
	[Of locality] beacon, cairn, post, staff, flagstaff, hand, pointer, vane, cock, weathercock; guidepost, handpost[obs3], fingerpost[obs3], directing post, signpost; pillars of Hercules, pharos; bale-fire, beacon-fire; l'etoile du Nord[Fr];  landmark, seamark; lighthouse, balize[obs3]; polestar, loadstar[obs3], lodestar; cynosure, guide; address, direction, name; sign, signboard. 
	[Of the future] warning &c. 668; omen &c. 512; prefigurement &c. 511.  trace[Of the past], record &c. 551.  warning &c. 668[Of danger]; alarm &c. 669.  scepter &c. 747[Of authority].  trophy &c. 733[Of triumph].  gauge &c. 466[Of quantity].  milestone[Of distance], milepost.  brand[Of disgrace], fool's cap.  check[For detection], telltale; test &c. (experiment) 463; mileage ticket; milliary[obs3].
	notification &c. (information) 527; advertisement &c. (publication) 531.
	word of command, call; bugle call, trumpet call; bell, alarum, cry; battle cry, rallying cry; angelus[obs3]; reveille; sacring bell[obs3], sanctus bell[Lat].
	exposition &c. (explanation) 522, proof &c. (evidence) 463; pattern &c. (prototype) 22.
	V. indicate; be the sign &c. n. of; denote, betoken; argue, testify &c. (evidence) 467; bear the impress &c. n. of; connote, connotate[obs3].
	represent, stand for; typify &c. (prefigure) 511; symbolize.
	put an indication, put  a mark &c. n.; note, mark, stamp, earmark; blaze; label, ticket, docket; dot, spot, score, dash, trace, chalk; print; imprint, impress; engrave, stereotype.
	make a sign &c. n.  signalize; underscore; give a signal, hang out a signal; beckon; nod; wink, glance, leer, nudge, shrug, tip the wink; gesticulate; raise the finger , hold up the finger, raise the hand, hold up the hand; saw the air, "suit the action to the word" [Hamlet]. 
	wave a banner, unfurl a banner, hoist a banner, hang out a banner &c. n.; wave the hand, wave a kerchief; give the cue &c. (inform) 527; show one's colors; give an alarm, sound an alarm; beat the drum, sound the trumpets, raise a cry.
	sign, seal, attest &c. (evidence) 467; underline &c. (give importance to) 642; call attention to &c. (attention) 457; give notice &c. (inform) 527.
	Adj. indicating &c. v., indicative, indicatory; denotative, connotative; diacritical, representative, typical, symbolic, pantomimic, pathognomonic[obs3], symptomatic, characteristic, demonstrative, diagnostic, exponential, emblematic, armorial; individual &c. (special) 79.
	known by, recognizable by; indicated &c. v.; pointed, marked.
	[Capable of being denoted] denotable[obs3]; indelible.
	Adv. in token of; symbolically &c. adj.; in dumb show.
	Phr. ecce signum[Lat]; ex ungue leonem[Lat], ex pede Herculem[Lat]; vide ut supra; vultus ariete fortior[Lat][obs3].

<-- R551, record (the physical object), was moved to P2.3.1.3.14.1  Record -->
M8.1.3.2.2  Recording
	N.  {{used_in(writing material, P2.3.1.3.1.2.4)}} {{formed_by(record, R551)}} recording, making a permanent record; chronicling.
	writing.
	recording, voice recording; recording on tape.
	photographing.
	recording on video.
	{{performed_by: recorder, R553, )}}.
	V. record; put on record, place on record; chronicle, calendar, hand down to posterity; keep up the memory &c. (remember) 505; commemorate &c. (celebrate) 883; report &c. (inform) 527; write, commit to writing, reduce to writing; put in writing, set down in writing, writing in black and white; put down, jot down, take down, write down, note down, set down; note, minute, put on paper; take note, make a note, take minute, take memorandum; make a return.
	mark &c. (indicate) 550; sign &c. (attest) 467.
	enter, book; post, post up, insert, make an entry of; mark off, tick off; register, enroll, inscroll[obs3]; file &c. (store) 636.
	burn into memory; carve in stone.
	Adv. on record.
	Phr. exegi monumentum aere perennium [Lat][obs3][Horace]; "read their history in a nation's eyes"  [Gray]; " records that defy the tooth of time" [Young].

[[erase]]
	#552. [Suppression of sign.] Obliteration. -- N. obliteration; erasure, rasure[obs3]; cancel, cancellation; circumduction[obs3]; deletion, blot; tabula rasa[Lat]; effacement, extinction.
	V. efface, obliterate, erase, raze[obs2], rase[obs3], expunge, cancel; blot out, take out, rub out, scratch out, strike out, wipe out, wash out, sponge out; wipe off, rub off; wipe away; deface, render illegible; draw the pen through, apply the sponge.
	be effaced &c.; leave no trace &c. 550; "leave not a rack behind".
	Adj. obliterated &c. v.; out of print; printless[obs3]; leaving no trace; intestate; unrecorded, unregistered, unwritten.
	Int. dele; out with it!
	Phr. delenda est Carthago [Lat][Cato].

<-- R553, recorder, moved to Person  -->

<-- the words here are mostly the nominalizations of actions.  We also include the abstract concept of image here.  The physical objects are contained under art and its subdivisions, @P2.3.1.3.6  
  [[representation]]  -->
	#554. Representation. -- N. {{formed_by(visual representation, P2.3.1.3.6)}} representation, representment[obs3].
	visualizing, visualization, illustration, delineation, depictment[obs3]; imagery, picturing, portraiture, iconography; design, designing.
	{{has_subtype: imitation &c. R19}}.
	{{forms(imagery)}} image, visualization.
	{{has_subtype(image): mental image, @M3.1.1.1}}.
	{{has_method}} photography, cinematography.
	art, fine art, fine arts.
	{{creates(fine art)}} beautiful thing.
	{{has_subtype(fine art): painting; sculpture; music}}.
	{{has_method}} tracing.
	{{has_method}} printing.
	{{has_method}} stamping, pressing.
	{{&forms(stamping): relief; medal; coin}}.
	{{has_method}} {{has_subtype(art)}} sculpture; painting; engraving.
	{{&forms(painting): painting &c. R556, P2.3.1.3.6.1}}.
	{{&forms(sculpture): sculpture &c. R557}}.
	{{&forms(engraving): @R558, engraving,  etching  }}.
	{{&forms: graphic,  P2.3.1.3.6.9}}.
	{{has_subtype(photography)}} {{formed_by(holograph)}} {{used_in(coherent light)}} holography.
	radiography, autoradiography[Bioch], fluorography[Chem], sciagraphy[obs3].
	{{has_concern(painting)}} preservation.
	{{has_method(preservation)}} varnishing.
	personation, personification; impersonation; drama &c. 599.
	{{has_conceptual_part(photography/painting): @R420, lighting, light, chiaroscuro}}.
	{{has_concern(painting)}} school, style; the grand style, high art, genre, portraiture.
	{{has_subtype(genre)}} abstractionism, abstract art; cubism; abstract expressionism; impressionism; expressionism; landscape; primitivism; realism; modernism; surrealism; pointilism.
	{{uses(painting): @P2.3.1.3.6.1, pallet, palette; easel; brush; ink; pencil}}.
	{{uses(varnishing): varnish,  @R356a}}.
	{{uses: paint, ink (coloring matter) R428}}.
	{{performed_at(painting/drawing)}} studio, atelier.
	{{has_subtype: copying &c. 21}}.
	{{forms: @R556, drawing, sketch, drought, draft}}.
	{{forms(photography): photograph, P2.3.1.3.6.2}}.
	{{has_subtype: @P2.3.1.3.6.4, scan; video image}}.
	figure , figure head.
	{{forms(sculpture): @P2.3.1.3.6.5; puppet, doll, figurine, aglet[obs3], manikin, lay-figure, model, mammet[obs3], marionette, fantoccini[obs3], waxwork, bust; statue, statuette}}.
	ideograph, hieroglyphic, anaglyph [obs3]; Chinese character, kanji[Jap]; diagram, monogram.
	{{uses(plan, R626)}} map; plan.
	ichnography[obs3], cartography; atlas; outline, scheme; view &c. (painting) 556; radiograph, scotograph[obs3], sciagraph[obs3]; spectrogram, heliogram[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(illustration, M8.1.3.3.1.3.1)}} slide; overhead projection, overhead, transparency, foil.
	sketch, study; diagram; mechanical drawing.
	{{has_subtype(sketch)}} design; draft, rough drawing; vignette.
	{{has_subtype(diagram)}} schematic, schematic drawing, scheme, graphic, chart; flow chart, flow diagram.
	plot, chart, figure, scheme.
	plan, plans, architectural plan.
	{{has_subtype(architectural plan)}} floor plan; ground plan; elevation; projection.
	V. represent, delineate, picture; depict, depicture[obs3]; portray.
	design; limn, sketch, pencil; scratch; shade; stipple; hatch; dash off; chalk out, square up; color, color in; wash, varnish; draw in, pencil in; paint in oils; stencil.
	take a likeness, catch a likeness  &c. n.; hit off; figure, shadow forth, shadow out; adumbrate; body forth; describe &c. 594; trace, copy; mold.
	photograph, daguerreotype; snapshot.
	dress up; illustrate, symbolize.
	{{formed_by(picture, R556)}} paint; draw.
	{{formed_by(sculpture, R557)}} carve, sculpt; whittle.
	{{formed_by(engravinging, R558)}} engrave.
	personate, personify; impersonate; assume a character; pose as; act; play &c. (drama) 599; mimic &c. (imitate) 19; hold the mirror up to nature.
	Adj. represent, representing &c. v., representative; *illustrative; represented &c. v.; imitative, figurative; iconic.
	like &c. 17; graphic &c. (descriptive) 594; cinquecento quattrocento[Fr][obs3], trecento[obs3].

	#555. Misrepresentation. -- N. misrepresentation, distortion; falsification, misstatement.
	exaggeration.
	{{has_subtype: @R856, caricature, burlesque, caricatura[obs1]; parody, lampoon, take-off, travesty}}.
	daubing &c. v.; bad likeness, daub, sign painting; scratch; anamorphosis[obs3].
	V. misrepresent, distort, overdraw, exaggerate, caricature, daub; burlesque, parody, travesty.
	Adj. misrepresented &c. v.

M8.1.3.3  Conventional Means of Communication
M8.1.3.3.1 non-linguistic symbols
		international sign language?(ASL?)
		international road signs?
		<-- these symbols might be considered linguistic, but since
	their intention is to avoid a surface language, they might be
	treated as conceptual rather than linguistic.
	Chinese characters are also purportedly conceptual, but have 
	a more direct tie to language.  Similarly ASL? -->

M8.1.3.3.1.1  non-linguistic symbols generally -- N.
	sign, signal.
	semaphor, code.
	flag, banner, pennant.

M8.1.3.3.1.2  signal
	N.  {{has_subtype}} audible signal; visual signal; electronic signal.
	{{has_subtype(visual signal)}} indicator light; pop-up indicator.
	{{&emitted_by: alarm, P2.3.1.3.18.2}}.
	V. flag, signal.

M8.1.3.3.1.3  Audio-Visual Aid
	N.  {{&part_of(speech/document)}} audio-visual aid.

<-- illustration, here, is a graphical part of a speech or text to assist understanding.  We distinguish this type of illustration of text from illumination, at R558, which is considered as art. -->
M8.1.3.3.1.3.1  Illustration  [[illustration]]
	{{has_subtype(representation, R554)}} {{has_subtype(engraving, R558)}} illustration, visual aid, graphic.
	graph; chart.
	{{similar_to: illumination, @R558, @P2.3.1.3.6}}.
	{{has_representation: @R564, caption, title}}.
	{[of(speech): @R554, slide; overhead projection, overhead, transparency, foil]}.
	{[of(speech)]} {{has_subtype: @R554, movie; video tape; animation; time-lapse video}}.

M8.1.3.3.1.3.2  Audio aid
	audio aid.
	
M8.1.3.3.2 LINGUISTIC Communication
M8.1.3.3.2.1  Language generally  R560 to R568   [[language]]
<--   	560.	Language
		561.	Letter
		562.	Word						563. Neology
		564.	Nomenclature				565. Misnomer
		566.	Phrase
		567.	Grammar					568. Solecism
-->
	#560. Language. -- N. language, natural language.
	tongue, lingo, vernacular; mother tongue, vulgar tongue, native tongue; household words; King's English, Queen's English; dialect &c. 563.
	confusion of tongues, Babel, pasigraphie[obs3]; pantomime &c. (signs) 550; onomatopoeia; betacism[obs3], mimmation, myatism[obs3], nunnation[obs3]; pasigraphy[obs3].
	phraseology &c. 569; speech &c. 582.
	sign language.
	{{has_subtype(sign langugage)}} American sign language, Ameslan.
	{{used_in}} linguistic communication.
	{{has_part(linguistic communication): @R566, phrase; sentence; paragraph}}.
	{{similar_to}} formal language, artificial language.
	{{has_subtype(formal language)}} computer language; notation.
	{{has_subtype(notation)}} mathematical notation; chemical notation.
	lexicology, philology, glossology[obs3], glottology[obs3]; linguistics, chrestomathy[obs3]; paleology[obs3], paleography; comparative grammar.
	literature, letters, polite literature, belles lettres[Fr], muses, humanities, literae humaniores[Lat], republic of letters, dead languages, classics; genius of language; scholarship &c. (scholar) 492.
	V. express by words &c. 566.
	Adj. lingual, linguistic; dialectic; vernacular, current; bilingual; diglot[obs3], hexaglot[obs3], polyglot; literary.
	Phr. "syllables govern the world" [Selden].

	#561. Letter. -- N. letter; character; hieroglyphic &c. (writing) 590; type &c. (printing) 591; capitals; digraph, trigraph; ideogram, ideograph; majuscule, minuscule; majuscule, minuscule; alphabet, ABC[obs3], abecedary[obs3], christcross-row.
	consonant, vowel; diphthong, triphthong[Gram]; mute, liquid, labial, dental, guttural. syllable; monosyllable, dissyllable[obs3], polysyllable; affix, suffix.
	spelling, orthograph[obs3]; phonography[obs3], phonetic spelling; anagrammatism[obs3], metagrammatism[obs3]. cipher, monogram, anagram; doubleacrostic[obs3].
	V. spell.
	Adj. literal; alphabetical, abecedarian; syllabic; majuscular[obs3], minuscular[obs3]; uncial &c. (writing) 590.

	#562. Word. -- N. word, term, vocable; name &c. 564; phrase &c. 566; root, etymon; derivative; part of speech &c. (grammar) 567; ideophone[obs3].
	dictionary, vocabulary, lexicon, glossary; index, concordance; thesaurus; gradus[Lat], delectus[Lat].
	etymology, derivation; glossology[obs3], terminology orismology[obs3]; paleology &c. (philology) 560[obs3].
	lexicography; glossographer &c. (scholar) 492; lexicologist, verbarian[obs3].
	Adj. verbal, literal; titular, nominal.  conjugate[Similarly derived], paronymous[obs3]; derivative.
	Adv. verbally &c. adj.; verbatim &c. (exactly) 494.
	Phr. " the artillery of words" [Swift].

	#563. Neologism. -- N. neology, neologism; newfangled expression, nonce expression; back-formation; caconym[obs3]; barbarism.
	archaism, black letter, monkish Latin.
	corruption, missaying[obs3], malapropism, antiphrasis[obs3].
	pun, paranomasia[obs3], play upon words; word play &c. (wit) 842; double-entendre &c. (ambiguity) 520[Fr]; palindrome, paragram[obs3], anagram, clinch; abuse of language, abuse of terms.
	dialect, brogue, idiom, accent, patois; provincialism, regionalism, localism; broken English, lingua franca; Anglicism, Briticism, Gallicism, Scotticism, Hibernicism; Americanism[obs3]; Gypsy lingo, Romany; pidgin, pidgin English, pigeon English; Volapuk, Chinook, Esperanto, Hindustani, kitchen Kaffir.
	dog Latin, macaronics[obs3], gibberish; confusion of tongues, Babel; babu English[obs3], chi-chi.
	figure of speech &c. (metaphor) 521; byword.
	colloquialism, informal speech, informal language.
	substandard language, vernacular.
	vulgar language, obscene language, obscenity, vulgarity. 
	jargon, technical terms, technicality, lingo, slang, cant, argot; St. Gile's Greek, thieves' Latin, peddler's French, flash tongue, Billingsgate, Wall Street slang.
	pseudology[obs3].
	pseudonym &c. (misnomer) 565; Mr. So-and-so; wha d'ye call 'em[obs3], whatchacallim, what's his name; thingummy[obs3], thingumbob; je ne sais quoi[Fr].
	neologist[obs3], coiner of words.
	V. coin words, coin a term; backform; ; Americanize, Anglicize.
	Adj. neologic[obs3], neological[obs3]; archaic; obsolete &c. (old) 124; colloquial; Anglice[obs3].

	#564. Nomenclature. -- N. nomenclature; naming &c. v.; nuncupation[obs1], nomination, baptism; orismology[obs3]; onomatopoeia; antonomasia[obs3].
	name; appelation[obs3], appelative[obs3]; designation, title; heading, rubric; caption; denomination; by-name, epithet.
	style, proper name; praenomen[Lat], agnomen[obs3], cognomen; patronymic, surname; cognomination[obs3]; eponym; compellation[obs3], description, antonym; empty title, empty name; handle to one's name; namesake.
	term, expression, noun;.byword; convertible terms &c. 522; technical term; cant &c. 563.
	synonym, alternate name, second name.
	{{has_subtype(second name): @R565, alias; pseudonym}}.
	V. name, call, term, denominate designate, style, entitle, clepe[obs3], dub, christen, baptize, characterize, specify, define, distinguish by the name of; label &c. (mark) 550.
	be -called &c. v.; take the name of, bear the name of, go by the name of,  be known by the name of, go under the name of, pass under the name of, rejoice in the name of.
	Adj. named &c. v.; hight[obs3], ycleped, known as; what one may well, call fairly, call properly, call fitly.
	nuncupatory[obs3], nuncupative; cognominal[obs3], titular, nominal, orismological[obs3].
	Adv.  namely, viz; also known as, AKA. 
	Phr.  "beggar'd all description" [Antony and Cleopatra].

	#565. Misnomer. -- N. misnomer; lucus a non lucendo[Lat]; Mrs. Malaprop; what d'ye call 'em &c. (neologism) 563[obs3]; Hoosier.
	nickname, sobriquet, by-name; assumed name, assumed title; alias; nom de course, nom de theatre, nom de guerre[Fr], nom de plume; pseudonym, pseudonymy.
	V. misname, miscall, misterm[obs3]; nickname; assume a name.
	Adj. misnamed &c. v.; pseudonymous; soi-disant[Fr]; self called, self styled, self christened; so-called.
	nameless, anonymous; without a having no name; innominate, unnamed; unacknowledged.
	Adv. in no sense.

<--   [[sentence]]   -->
	#566. Phrase. -- N. {{has_part(linguistic communication, @R560)}} phrase, expression.
	set phrase.
	sentence; paragraph.
	{{has_part(sentence)}} clause.
	{{has_part(sentence)}} subject; predicate; dependent clause.
	{{has_subtype(sentence): assertion, R535; question; command}}.
	figure of speech &c. 521; idiom, idiotism[obs3]; turn of expression; style.
	paraphrase &c. (synonym) 522; periphrase &c. (circumlocution) 573 motto &c. (proverb) 496[obs3].
	phraseology &c. 569.
	V. express, phrase; word, word it; give words to, give expression to; voice; arrange in words, clothe in words, put into words, express by words; couch in terms; find words to express; speak by the card; call, denominate, designate, dub.
	Adj. expressed &c. v.; idiomatic.
	Adv. in round terms, in set terms, in good set terms, set terms; in set phrases.

	#567. Grammar. -- N. grammar, accidence, syntax, praxis, punctuation; parts of speech; jussive[obs3]; syllabication; inflection, case, declension, conjugation; us et norma loquendi[Lat]; Lindley Murray &c. (schoolbook) 542; correct style, philology &c. (language) 560.
V. parse, punctuate, syllabicate[obs3].

	#568. Solecism. -- N. solecism; bad grammar, false grammar, faulty grammar; slip of the pen, slip of the tongue; lapsus linguae[Lat]; slipslop[obs3]; bull; barbarism, impropriety.
	V.  use bad grammar, faulty grammar; solecize[obs3], commit a solecism; murder the King's English, murder the Queen's English, break Priscian's head.
	Adj. ungrammatical; incorrect, inaccurate; faulty; improper, incongruous; solecistic, solecistical[obs3].

M8.1.3.3.2.2  Linguistic Style
M8.1.3.3.2.2.1 Style generally  R569

	#569. Style. -- N. style, diction, phraseology, wording; manner, strain; composition; mode of expression, choice of words; mode of speech, literary power, ready pen, pen of a ready writer; command of language &c. (eloquence) 582; authorship; la morgue litteraire[Fr]..
	V. express by words &c. 566; write.
	Phr. le style c'est de l'homme [Fr][Buffon]; "style is the dress of thoughts " [Chesterfield].

M8.1.3.3.2.2.2  Qualities of Style  R570 to R579
<--   	570.	Perspicuity				571. Obscurity
		572.	Conciseness				573. Diffuseness
		574.	Vigor					575. Feebleness
		576.	Plainness					577. Ornament
		578.	Elegance					579. Inelegance
-->
	#570. Perspicuity. -- N. perspicuity, perspicuousness &c. (intelligibility) 518; plain speaking &c. (manifestation) 525; definiteness, definition; exactness &c. 494; explicitness, lucidness.
	Adj. lucid &c. (intelligible) 518; explicit &c. (manifest) 525; exact &c. 494.

	#571. Obscurity. -- N. obscurity &c. (unintelligibility) 519; involution; hard words; ambiguity &c. 520; unintelligibleness; vagueness &c. 475, inexactness &c. 495; what d'ye call 'em &c. (neologism) 563; darkness of meaning.
	Adj. obscure &c. n.; crabbed, involved, confused.

	#572. Conciseness. -- N. conciseness &c. adj.; brevity, " the soul of wit", laconism[obs3]; Tacitus; ellipsis; abridgment &c. (shortening) 201; compression &c. 195; epitome &c. 596; monostich[obs3]; brunch word, portmanteau word.
	{[in_frame(speech)]} contraction; syncope, elision.
	V. be concise &c. adj.; condense &c. 195; abridge &c. 201; abstract &c. 596; come to the point.
	Adj. concise, brief, short, terse,close; to the point, exact; neat, compact; compressed, condensed, pointed; laconic, curt, pithy, trenchant, summary; pregnant; compendious &c. (compendium) 596; succinct; elliptical, epigrammatic, quaint, crisp; sententious.
	Adv. concisely &c. adj.; briefly, summarily; in brief, in short, in a word, in a few words; for shortness sake; to come to the point, to make a long story short, to cut the matter short, to be brief; it comes to this, the long and the short of it is.
Phr. brevis esse laboro obscurus fio [Lat][Horace].

	#573. Diffuseness. -- N. diffuseness &c. adj.; amplification &c. v.; dilating &c. v.; verbosity, verbiage, cloud of words, copia verborum[Lat]; flow of words &c. (loquacity) 584; looseness.
	Polylogy[obs3], tautology, battology[obs3], perissology[obs1]; pleonasm, exuberance, redundancy; thrice-told tale; prolixity; circumlocution, ambages [obs3]; periphrase[obs3], periphrasis; roundabout phrases; episode; expletive; penny-a-lining; richness &c. 577.
	V. be diffuse &c. adj.; run out on, descant, expatiate, enlarge, dilate, amplify, expand, inflate; launch out, branch out; rant.
	maunder, prose; harp upon &c. (repeat) 104; dwell on, insist upon.
	digress, ramble, battre la campagne[Fr][obs3], beat about the bush, perorate, spin a long yarn, protract; spin out, swell out, draw out; battologize[obs3].
	Adj. diffuse, profuse; wordy, verbose, largiloquent[obs1], copious, exuberant, pleonastic, lengthy; longsome[obs3], long-winded, longspun[obs3], long drawn out; spun out, protracted, prolix, prosing, maundering; circumlocutory, periphrastic, ambagious[obs3], roundabout; digressive; discursive, excursive; loose; rambling episodic; flatulent, frothy.
	Adv. diffusely &c. adj.; at large, in extenso[Lat]; about it and about it.

	#574. Vigor. -- N. vigor, power, force; boldness, raciness &c. adj.; intellectual, force; spirit, point, antithesis, piquance, piquancy; verve, glow, fire, warmth; strong language; gravity, sententiousness; elevation, loftiness, sublimity.
	eloquence; command of words, command of language.
	Adj. vigorous, nervous, powerful, forcible, trenchant, incisive, impressive; sensational.
	spirited, lively, glowing, sparkling, racy, bold, slashing; pungent, piquant, full of point, pointed, pithy, antithetical; sententious.
	lofty, elevated, sublime; eloquent; vehement, petulant, impassioned; poetic.
	Adv. in glowing terms, in good set terms, in no measured terms.
	Phr. "thoughts that breath and words that burn" [Gray].

	#575. Feebleness. -- N. feebleness &c. adj.
	Adj. feeble, bald, tame, meager, jejune, vapid, bland, trashy, lukewarm, cold, frigid, poor, dull, dry, languid; colorless, enervated; proposing, prosy, prosaic; unvaried, monotonous, weak, washy, wishy-washy; sketchy, slight.
	careless, slovenly, loose, lax (negligent) 460; slipshod, slipslop[obs3]; inexact; puerile, childish; flatulent; rambling &c. (diffuse) 573.

	#576. Plainness. -- N. plainness &c. adj.; simplicity, severity; plain terms, plain English; Saxon English; household words
	V. call a spade "a spade"; plunge in medias res; come to the point.
	Adj. plain, simple; unornamented, unadorned, unvarnished; homely, homespun; neat; severe, chaste, pure, Saxon; commonplace, matter-of-fact, natural, prosaic.
	dry, unvaried,monotonous &c. 575.
	Adv. in plain terms, in plain words, in plain English, in plain common parlance; point-blank.

	#577. Ornament. -- N. ornament; floridness c[obs3]. adj. turgidity, turgescence[obs3]; altiloquence &c. adj[obs3].; declamation, teratology[obs2]; well-rounded periods; elegance &c. 578; orotundity.
	inversion, antithesis, alliteration, paronomasia; figurativeness &c. (metaphor) 521.
	flourish; flowers of speech, flowers of rhetoric; frills of style, euphuism[obs3], euphemism. 
	big-sounding words, high-sounding words; macrology[obs3], sesquipedalia verba[Lat], Alexandrine; inflation, pretension; rant, bombast, fustian, prose run mad; fine writing; sesquipedality[obs3]; Minerva press.
	phrasemonger; euphuist[obs3], euphemist.
	V. ornament, overlay with ornament, overcharge; smell of the lamp.
	Adj. ornament &c. v.; beautified &c. 847; ornate, florid, rich, flowery; euphuistic[obs3], euphemistic; sonorous; high-sounding, big-sounding; inflated, swelling, tumid; turgid, turgescent; pedantic, pompous, stilted; orotund; high flown, high flowing; sententious, rhetorical, declamatory; grandiose; grandiloquent, magniloquent, altiloquent[obs3]; sesquipedal[obs3], sesquipedalian; Johnsonian, mouthy; bombastic; fustian; frothy, flashy, flaming.
	antithetical, alliterative; figurative &c. 521; artificial &c. (inelegant) 579.
	Adv. ore rutundo[Lat].

	#578. Elegance. -- N. elegance, purity, grace, ease; gracefulness, readiness &c. adj.; concinnity[obs3], euphony, numerosity[obs3]; Atticism[obs3], classicalism[obs3], classicism.
	well rounded periods, well turned periods, flowing periods; the right word in the right place; antithesis &c. 577.
	*purist.
	V. point an antithesis, round a period.
	Adj. elegant, polished, classical, Attic, correct, Ciceronian, artistic; chaste, pure, Saxon, academical[obs3].
	graceful, easy, readable, fluent, flowing, tripping; unaffected, natural, unlabored[obs3]; mellifluous; euphonious, euphemism, euphemistic; numerose[obs1], rhythmical.
	felicitous, happy, neat; well put, neatly put, well expressed, neatly expressed

	#579. Inelegance. -- N. inelegance; stiffness &c. adj.; "unlettered Muse" [Gray]; barbarism; slang &c. 563; solecism &c. 568; mannerism &c. (affectation) 855; euphuism[obs3]; fustian &c. 577; cacophony; words that break the teeth, words that dislocate the jaw; marinism[obs3].
	V. be inelegant &c. adj.
	Adj. inelegant, graceless, ungraceful; harsh, abrupt; dry, stiff, cramped, formal, guinde[Fr]; forced, labored; artificial, mannered, ponderous; awkward, uncourtly[obs3], unpolished; turgid &c. 577; affected, euphuistic[obs3]; barbarous, uncouth, grotesque, rude, crude, halting; offensive to ears polite.

M8.1.3.3.2.3   Spoken Language R580 to R589
<--   	580.	Voice					581. Aphony

		582 Speech					583. Stammering
		584.	Loquacity					585. Taciturnity
		586	Allocution				587. Response
		588	Interlocution				589. Soliloquy
-->
	#580. Voice. -- N. voice; vocality[obs3]; organ, lungs, bellows; good voice, fine voice, powerful voice &c. (loud) 404;, musical voice &c. 413; intonation; tone of voice &c. (sound) 402  .
	vocalization; cry &c. 411; strain, utterance, prolation[obs3]; exclamation, ejaculation, vociferation, ecphonesis[obs3]; enunciation, articulation; articulate sound, distinctness; clearness,  of articulation; stage whisper; delivery.
	accent, accentuation; emphasis, stress; broad accent, strong accent, pure accent, native accent, foreign accent; pronunciation.
	[Word similarly pronounced] homonym.
	orthoepy[obs3]; cacoepy[obs3]; euphony &c. (melody) 413.
	gastriloquism[obs3], ventriloquism; ventriloquist; polyphonism[obs3], polyphonist[obs3].
	[Science of voice] phonology &c. (sound) 402.
	V. utter, breathe; give utterance, give tongue; cry &c. (shout) 411; ejaculate, rap out; vocalize, prolate[obs1], articulate, enunciate, pronounce, accentuate, aspirate, deliver, mouth; whisper in the ear.
	Adj. vocal, phonetic, oral; ejaculatory, articulate, distinct, stertorous; euphonious &c. (melodious) 413.
	Phr. "how sweetly sounds the voice of a good woman" [Massinger]; "the organ of the soul" [Longfellow]; "thy voice is a celestial melody" [Longfellow].

	#581. Aphony. -- N. aphony[obs3], aphonia[obs3]; dumbness &c. adj.; obmutescence[obs3]; absence of voice, want of voice; dysphony[obs3]; cacoepy[obs3]; silence &c. (taciturnity) 585; raucity[obs3]; harsh voice &c. 410 , unmusical voice &c. 414 ; falsetto, "childish treble mute"; dummy.
	V. keep silence &c. 585; speak low, speak softly; whisper &c. (faintness) 405.
	silence; render mute, render silent; muzzle, muffle, suppress, smother, gag, strike dumb, dumfounder; drown the voice, put to silence, stop one's mouth, cut one short.
	stick in the throat.
	Adj. aphonous[obs3], dumb, mute; deaf-mute, deaf and dumb; mum; tongue-tied; breathless, tongueless, voiceless, speechless, wordless; mute as a fish, mute as a stockfish[obs3], mute as a mackerel; silent &c. (taciturn) 585; muzzled; inarticulate, inaudible.
	croaking, raucous, hoarse, husky, dry, hollow, sepulchral, hoarse as a raven; rough.
	Adv. with bated breath, with the finger on the lips; sotto voce[Lat]; in a low tone, in a cracked voice, in a broken voice.
	Phr. vox faucibus haesit [Lat][Vergil].

	#582. Speech. -- N. speech, faculty of speech; locution, talk, parlance, verbal intercourse, prolation[obs3], oral communication, word of mouth, parole, palaver, prattle; effusion.
	oration, recitation, delivery, say, speech, lecture, harangue, sermon, tirade, formal speech, peroration; speechifying; soliloquy &c. 589; allocution &c. 586; conversation &c. 588; salutatory : screed: valedictory [U.S.][U.S.].
	oratory; elocution, eloquence; rhetoric, declamation; grandiloquence, multiloquence[obs3]; burst of eloquence; facundity[obs3]; flow of words, command of words, command of  language; copia verborum[Lat]; power of speech, gift of the gab; usus loquendi[Lat].
 	speaker &c. v.; spokesman; prolocutor, interlocutor; mouthpiece, Hermes; orator, oratrix[obs3], oratress[obs3]; Demosthenes, Cicero; rhetorician; stump orator, platform orator; speechmaker, patterer[obs3], improvisatore[obs3].
	V. speak of; say, utter, pronounce, deliver, give utterance to; utter forth, pour forth; breathe, let fall, come out with; rap out, blurt out have on one's lips; have at the end of one's tongue, have at the tip of one's tongue.
	break silence; open one's lips, open one's mouth; lift one's voice, raise one's voice; give the tongue, wag the tongue; talk, outspeak[obs3]; put in a word or two.
	hold forth; make a speech,.deliver a speech &c. n.; speechify, harangue, declaim, stump, flourish,  recite, lecture, sermonize, discourse, be on one's legs; have one's say, say one's say; spout, rant, rave, vent one's  fury, vent one's rage; expatiate &c. (speak at length) 573; speak one's mind, go on the stump, take the stump [U. S.].
	soliloquize &c. 589; tell &c. (inform) 527; speak to &c. 586; talk together &c. 588.
	be eloquent &c. adj; have a tongue in one's head, have the gift of the gab &c. n.
pass one's lips, escape one's lips; fall from the lips, fall from the mouth.
	Adj. speaking &c., spoken &c. v.; oral, lingual, phonetic, not written, unwritten, outspoken; eloquent, elocutionary; oratorical, rhetorical; declamatory; grandiloquent &c. 577; talkative &c. 584; Ciceronian, nuncupative, Tullian.
	Adv. orally &c. adj.; by word of mouth, viva voce, from the lips of.
	Phr. quoth he, said he &c.; "action is eloquence" [Coriolanus]; "pour the full tide of eloquence along" [Pope]; "she speaks poignards and every word stabs" [Much Ado About Nothing]; "speech is but broken light upon the depth of the unspoken [G. Eliot]; "to try thy eloquence now 'tis time  [Antony and Cleopatra].

	#583. [Imperfect Speech.] Stammering. -- N. inarticulateness; stammering &c. v.; hesitation &c. v.; impediment in one's speech; titubancy[obs3], traulism[obs1]; mumbling; whisper &c. (faint sound) 405; lisp, drawl, tardiloquence[obs3]; nasal tone, nasal accent; twang; falsetto &c. (want of voice)  581; broken voice, broken accents, broken sentences.
	brogue &c. 563; slip of the tongue, lapsus linouae[Lat].
	V. stammer, stutter, hesitate, falter, hammer; balbutiate[obs1], balbucinate[obs1], haw, hum and haw, be unable to put two words together.
	mumble, mutter; maud[obs1], mauder[obs3]; whisper &c. 405; mince, lisp; jabber, gibber; sputter, splutter; muffle, mump[obs3]; drawl, mouth; croak; speak thick,  speak through the nose; snuffle, clip one's words; murder the language, murder the King's English, murder the Queen's English; mispronounce, missay[obs3].
	Adj. stammering &c. v.; inarticulate, guttural, nasal; tremulous; affected.
	Adv. sotto voce  &c. (faintly) 405[Lat].

	#584. Loquacity. -- N. loquacity, loquaciousness, logorrhea; talkativeness &c. adj.; garrulity; multiloquence[obs3], much speaking.
	jaw; gabble; jabber, chatter; prate, prattle, cackle, clack; twaddle, twattle, rattle; caquet[obs3], caquetterie[Fr]; blabber, bavardage[obs3], bibble-babble[obs3], gibble-gabble[obs3]; small talk &c. (converse) 588.
	fluency, flippancy, volubility, flowing, tongue; flow of words;.flux de bouche[Fr], flux de mots[Fr]; copia verborum[Lat], cacoethes loquendi[Lat]; furor loquendi[Lat]; verbosity &c. (diffuseness) 573; gift of the gab &c. (eloquence) 582.
	[person who is loquacious] to HROLE Chatterer P2.3.2.3.
	V. be loquacious &c. adj.; talk glibly, pour forth, patter; prate, palaver, prose, chatter, prattle, clack, jabber, jaw; blather, blatter[obs3], blether[obs3]; rattle, rattle on; twaddle, twattle; babble, gabble; outtalk; talk oneself out of breath, talk oneself hoarse; expatiate &c. (speak at length) 573; gossip &c. (converse) 588; din in the ears &c. (repeat) 104; talk at random, talk nonsense &c. 497; be hoarse with talking.
	Adj. loquacious, talkative, garrulous, verbose, logorrheic, linguacious[obs1], multiloquous[obs3]; largiloquent[obs1]; chattering &c. v.; chatty &c. (sociable) 892; declamatory &c. 582; open-mouthed.
	fluent, voluble, glib, flippant; long tongued, long winded &c. (diffuse) 573.
	Adv. trippingly on the tongue; glibly &c. adj.; off the reel.
	Phr. the tongue running fast, the tongue running loose, the tongue running on wheels; all talk and no cider; "foul whisperings are abroad" [Macbeth]; "what a spendthrift is he of his tongue!" [Tempest].

	#585. Taciturnity. -- N. silence, muteness, obmutescence[obs3]; taciturnity, pauciloquy[obs3], costiveness[obs1], curtness; reserve, reticence &c. (concealment) 528.
	man of few words.
	V. be silent &c. adj.; keep silence, keep mum; hold one's tongue, hold one's peace, hold one's jaw; not speak. &c. 582; say nothing, keep one's counsel; seal the lips, close the lips, button the lips, zipper the lips, put a padlock on the lips, put a padlock on the mouth; put a bridle on one's tongue; bite one's tongue, keep one's tongue between one's teeth; make no sign, not let a word escape one; keep a secret &c. 528; not have a word to say; hush up, hush, lay the finger on the lips, place the finger on the lips; render mute &c. 581.
	stick in one's throat.
	Adj. silent, mute, mum; silent as a post, silent as a stone, silent as  the grave &c. (still) 403; dumb &c. 581; unconversable[obs3].
	taciturn, sparing of words; close-tongued; costive[obs1], inconversable[obs1], curt; reserved; reticent &c. (concealing) 528.
	Int. shush! tush! silence! mum! hush! chut[obs3]! hist! tut! chup[obs3]! mum's the word; keep your mouth shut![vulgar].
	Phr. cave quid dicis quando et cui[Lat]; volto sciolto i pensieri stretti[It].

	#586. Allocution. -- N. allocution, alloquy[obs1], address; speech &c. 582; apostrophe, interpellation, appeal, invocation, salutation; word in the ear.
	[Feigned dialogue] dialogism[obs3].
	platform &c. 542; plank; audience &c. (interview) 588.
	V. speak to, address, accost, make up to, apostrophize, appeal to, invoke; ball, salute; call to, halloo.
	take aside, take by the button; talk to in private.
	lecture &c. (make a speech) 582.
	Int. soho[obs3]! halloo! hey! hist!

	#587. Response -- N. &c., see Answer 462.

	#588. Conversation. -- N. conversation, interlocution; collocution[obs3], colloquy, converse, confabulation, talk, discourse, verbal intercourse; oral communication, commerce; dialogue, duologue, trialogue.
	causerie, chat, chitchat; small talk, table talk, teatable talk[obs3], town talk, village talk, idle talk; tattle, gossip, tittle-tattle; babble, babblement[obs3]; tripotage[obs3], cackle, prittle-prattle[obs3], cancan, on dit[Fr]; talk of the town, talk of the village.
	conference, parley, interview, audience, pourparler; tete-a-tete; reception, conversazione[It]; congress &c. (council) 696; powwow [U. S.].
	hall of audience, durbar[obs3].
	palaver, debate, logomachy[obs3], war of words.
	gossip, tattler; Paul Pry; tabby; chatterer &c. (loquacity) 584; interlocutor &c. (spokesman) 582; conversationist[obs3], dialogist[obs3].
	"the feast of reason and the flow of soul" [Pope]; mollia tempora fandi[Lat][obs3].
	V. talk together, converse, confabulate; hold on a conversation, carry on a conversation, join in a conversation, engage in a conversation; put in a word; shine in conversation; bandy words; parley; palaver; chat, gossip, tattle; prate &c. (loquacity) 584; powwow [U.S.]..
	discourse with, confer with, commune with, commerce with; hold converse, hold conference, hold intercourse; talk it over; be closeted with; talk with one in private,  tete-a-tete.
	Adj. conversing &c. v.; interlocutory; conversational, conversable[obs3]; discursive, discoursive[obs3]; chatty &c. (sociable) 892; colloquial.
	Phr. "with thee conversing I forget all time" [Paradise Lost].

	#589. Soliloquy. -- N. soliloquy, monologue, apostrophe; monology[obs3].
	V. Soliloquize; say to oneself, talk to oneself; say aside, think aloud, apostrophize.
	Adj. soliloquizing &c. v.
	Adv. aside.

M8.1.3.3.2.4   Written Language  R590 to R599    [[writing]]
<--   	590	Writing					591. Printing
		692;	Correspondence				593.	Book
		594.	Description
		595.	Dissertation
		596.	Compendium
		597.	Poetry					598.	Prose
		599.	The Drama
-->
<-- R590, writing appears to refer to handwriting originally, but here we use it to represent any type of writing, i.e. setting words to a recorder form.  The following entry, printing, will refer to the mechanical aspects of print publishing.  Printed documents are here at R590. -->
	#590. Writing. -- N. document, writing &c. v.; chirography, stelography[obs3], cerography[obs3]; penmanship, craftmanship[obs3]; quill driving; typewriting.
	writing, text, manuscript, MS, literae scriptae[Lat]; these presents.
	stroke of the pen, dash of the pen; coupe de plume; line; headline; pen and ink.
	letter &c. 561; uncial writing, cuneiform character, arrowhead, Ogham, Runes, hieroglyphic; contraction; Brahmi[obs3], Devanagari, Nagari; script.
	shorthand; stenography, brachygraphy[obs3], tachygraphy[obs3]; secret writing, writing in cipher; cryptography, stenography; phonography[obs3], pasigraphy[obs3], Polygraphy[obs3], logography[obs3].
	copy; transcript, rescript; rough copy, fair copy; handwriting; signature, sign manual; autograph, monograph, holograph; hand, fist.
	calligraphy; good hand, running hand, flowing hand, cursive hand, legible hand, bold hand.
	cacography[obs3], griffonage[obs3], barbouillage[obs3]; bad hand, cramped hand, crabbed hand, illegible hand; scribble &c. v.; pattes de mouche[Fr]; ill-formed letters; pothooks and hangers.
	{{uses: writing materials, R635c, }}.
	{{has_subtype(copy,R21)}} mimeograph, xerox, facsimile; reprint, offprint;  photo offset.
	[ref: copy, R21].
	inscription &c. (record) 551; superscription &c. (indication) 550; graphology.
	composition, authorship; cacoethes  scribendi[Lat]; graphoidea[obs3], graphomania[obs3]; phrenoia[obs3].
	{{has_subtype}} dictation.
	{{has_subtype}} printing, text; folio &c. (book) 593; copy, impression, pull, proof, revise; author's proof, galley proof, press proof; press revise.
	{{has_subtype(printing)}} the press &c. (publication) 531.
	{{has_part(printing)}} page; column; context; running header, footnote, reference, glossary.
	{{&has_part(document)}} {{has_subtype(ornament, R846)}} {{has_subtype(picture, P2.3.1.3.6.1): illustration, illumination; vignette, initial letter, cul de lampe[Fr], tailpiece}}.

<--  	[person who writes]  writer to HROLE  -->
	V. write, pen; copy, engross; write out, write out fair; transcribe; scribble, scrawl, scrabble, scratch; interline; stain paper; write down &c. (record) 551; sign &c. (attest) 467; enface[obs3].
	compose, indite, draw up, draft, formulate; dictate; inscribe, throw on paper, dash off; manifold.
take up the pen, take pen in hand; shed ink, spill ink, dip one's pen in ink.
	Adj. writing &c. v.; written &c. v.; in writing, in black and white; under one's hand.
	uncial, Runic, cuneiform, hieroglyphical[obs3].
	Adv. currente calamo[Sp]; pen in hand.
	Phr. audacter et sincere[Lat]; le style est l'homme meme [Fr]; "nature's noblest gift - my gray goose quill" [Byron]; scribendi recte sapere et principium et fons [Lat][Horace]; "that mighty instrument of little men" [Byron]; "the pen became a clarion" [Longfellow].

<-- printing here refers to the act of printing & its associated concepts; the physical product is under writing, R590, above  -->
	#591. Printing. -- N. printing; block printing, type printing; plate printing &c.  558 [engraving]; composition.
	print, letterpress.
	typography; stereotype, electrotype, aprotype[obs3]; type, black letter, font, fount; pi, pie; capitals &c. (letters) 561; brevier[obs3], bourgeois, pica &c.
	boldface, capitals, caps., catchword; composing-frame, composing room, composing rule, composing stand, composing stick; italics, justification, linotype, live matter, logotype; lower case, upper case; make-up, matrix, matter, monotype[obs3], point system: 4-1/2, 5, 5-1/2, 6, 7, 8 point, etc.; press room, press work; reglet[obs3], roman; running head, running title; scale, serif, shank, sheet work, shoulder, signature, slug, underlay.
	printer, compositor, reader; printer's devil copyholder.
	V. print; compose; put to press, go to press; pass through the press, see through the press; publish &c. 531; bring out; appear in print, rush into print; distribute, makeup, mortise, offset, overrun, rout.
	Adj. printed &c. v.; in type; typographical &c. n.; solid in galleys.

	#592. Correspondence. -- N. correspondence, letter, epistle, note, billet, post card, missive, circular, favor, billet-doux; chit, chitty[obs3], letter card, picture post card; postal [U.S.], card; despatch; dispatch; bulletin, these presents; rescript, rescription[obs3]; post &c. (messenger) 534.
	V. correspond with; write to, send a letter to; keep up a correspondence.
	Adj. epistolary.
	Phr. furor scribendi[Lat].

<-- Book, periodical should be separated  -->

	#593. Book. -- N. booklet; writing, work, volume, tome, opuscule[obs3]; tract, tractate[obs3]; livret[obs3]; brochure, libretto, handbook, codex, manual, pamphlet, enchiridion[obs3], circular, publication; chap book.
	part, issue, number livraison[Fr]; album, portfolio; periodical, serial, magazine, ephemeris, annual, journal.
	paper, bill, sheet, broadsheet[obs3]; leaf, leaflet; fly leaf, page; quire, ream
	[subdivisions of a book] chapter, section, head, article, paragraph, passage, clause; endpapers, frontispiece; cover, binding.
	folio, quarto, octavo; duodecimo[obs3], sextodecimo[obs3], octodecimo[obs3].
	encyclopedia; encompilation[obs3].
	[collection of books] library, bibliotheca[obs3].
	press &c. (publication) 531.
	[complete description] definitive work, treatise, comprehensive treatise (dissertation) 595.
<--  [person who writes a book] to HROLE  -->
<--  	[person who sells books]  to HROLE  -->
	knowledge of books, bibliography; book learning &c. (knowledge) 490.
	Phr. "among the giant fossils of my past" [E. B. Browning]; craignez tout d'un auteur en courroux[Fr]; "for authors nobler palms remain" [Pope]; "I lived to write and wrote to live" [Rogers]; "look in thy heart and write" [Sidney]; "there is no Past so long as Books shall live" [Bulwer Lytton]; "the public mind is the creation of the Master-Writers" [Disraeli]; "volumes that I prize above my dukedom" [Tempest].

	#594. Description. -- N. description, account, statement, report; expose &c. (disclosure) 529 specification, particulars; state of facts, summary of facts; brief &c. (abstract) 596; return &c. (record) 551; catalogue raisonne &c. (list) 86[Fr]; guidebook &c. (information) 527.
	delineation &c. (representation) 554; sketch; monograph; minute account, detailed particular account, circumstantial account, graphic account; narration, recital, rehearsal, relation.
	historiography[obs3], chronography[obs3]; historic Muse, Clio; history; biography, autobiography; necrology, obituary.
	narrative, history; memoir, memorials; annals &c. (chronicle) 551; saga; tradition, legend, story, tale, historiette[obs3]; personal narrative, journal, life, adventures, fortunes, experiences, confessions; anecdote, ana[obs3], trait.
	work of fiction, novel, romance, Minerva press; fairy tale, nursery tale; fable, parable, apologue[obs3]; dime novel, penny dreadful, shilling shocker 
	relator &c. v.; raconteur, historian &c. (recorder) 553; biographer, fabulist[obs3], novelist.
	V. describe; set forth &c. (state) 535; draw a picture, picture; portray &c. (represent) 554; characterize, particularize; narrate, relate, recite, recount, sum up, run over, recapitulate, rehearse, fight one's battles over again.
	unfold a tale &c. (disclose) 529 ; tell; give an account of, render an account of; report, make a report, draw up a statement.
	detail; enter into particulars, enter into details, descend to particulars , descend to details,; itemize.
	Adj. descriptive, graphic, narrative, epic, suggestive, well-drawn; historic; traditional, traditionary; legendary; anecdotic[obs3], storied; described &c. v.
	Phr. furor scribendi[Lat].

	#595. Dissertation. -- N. dissertation, treatise, essay; thesis, theme; monograph, tract, tractate[obs3], tractation[obs3]; discourse, memoir, disquisition, lecture, sermon, homily, pandect[obs3]; excursus.
	commentary, review, critique, criticism, article; leader, leading article; editorial; running commentary.
	investigation &c. (inquiry) 461; study &c. (consideration) 451; discussion &c. (reasoning) 476; exposition &c. (explanation) 522.
	commentator, critic, essayist, pamphleteer.
	V. expound upon a subject, dissert upon a subject[obs3], descant upon a subject, write upon a subject, touch upon a subject; treat a subject, treat a subject thoroughly, treat of a subject, take up a subject, ventilate a subject, discuss a subject, deal with a subject, go into a subject, go into a subject at length, canvass a subject, handle a subject, do justice to a subject.
	[oral dissertation] hold forth, discourse, delve into.
	Adj. discursive, discoursive[obs3]; disquisitionary[obs3]; expository.

	#596. Compendium. -- N. compend, compendium; abstract, precis, epitome, multum in parvo[Lat], analysis, pandect[obs3], digest, sum and substance, brief, abridgment, summary, apercu, draft, minute, note; excerpt; synopsis, textbook, conspectus, outlines, syllabus, contents, heads, prospectus.
	album; scrap book, note book, memorandum book, commonplace book; extracts, excerpta[obs3], cuttings; fugitive pieces, fugitive writing; spicilegium[obs3], flowers, anthology, collectanea[obs3], analecta[obs3]; compilation.
	recapitulation, resume, review.
	abbreviation, abbreviature[obs3]; contraction; shortening &c. 201; compression &c. 195.
	V. abridge, abstract, epitomize, summarize; make an abstract, prepare an abstract, draw an abstract, compile an abstract &c. n.
	recapitulate, review, skim, run over, sum up.
	abbreviate &c. (shorten) 201; condense &c. (compress) 195; compile &c. (collect) 72.
	Adj. compendious, synoptic, analectic[obs3]; abrege[Fr], abridged &c. v.; variorum[obs3].
	Adv. in short, in epitome, in substance, in few words.
	Phr. it lies in a nutshell.

	#597. Poetry. -- N. poetry, poetics, poesy, Muse, Calliope, tuneful Nine, Parnassus, Helicon[obs3], Pierides, Pierian spring.
	versification, rhyming, making verses; prosody, orthometry[obs3].
	poem; epic, epic poem; epopee[obs3], epopoea, ode, epode[obs3], idyl, lyric, eclogue, pastoral, bucolic, dithyramb, anacreontic[obs3], sonnet, roundelay, rondeau[Fr], rondo, madrigal, canzonet[obs3], cento[obs3], *monody, elegy; amoebaeum, ghazal[obs3], palinode.
	dramatic poetry, lyric poetry; opera; posy, anthology; disjecta membra poetae
	song[Lat], ballad, lay; love song, drinking song, war song, sea song; lullaby; music &c. 415; nursery rhymes.
	[Bad poetry] doggerel, Hudibrastic verse[obs3], prose run mad; macaronics[obs3]; macaronic verse[obs3], leonine verse; runes.
	canto, stanza, distich, verse, line, couplet, triplet, quatrain; strophe, antistrophe[obs3].
	verse, rhyme, assonance, crambo[obs3], meter, measure, foot, numbers, strain, rhythm; accentuation &c. (voice) 580; dactyl, spondee, trochee, anapest &c.; hexameter, pentameter; Alexandrine; anacrusis[obs3], antispast[obs3], blank verse, ictus.
	elegiacs &c. adj.; elegiac verse, elegaic meter, elegaic poetry.
	poet, poet laureate; laureate; bard, lyrist[obs3], scald, skald[obs3], troubadour, trouvere[Fr]; minstrel; minnesinger, meistersinger[Ger]; improvisatore[obs3]; versifier, sonneteer; rhymer, rhymist[obs3], rhymester; ballad monger, runer[obs3]; poetaster; genus irritabile vatum [Latin].
	V. poetize, sing, versify, make verses, rhyme, scan.
	Adj. poetic, poetical; lyric, lyrical, tuneful, epic, dithyrambic &c. n.;  metrical; a catalectin[obs3]; elegiac, iambic, trochaic, anapestic[obs3]; amoebaeic, Melibean, skaldic[obs3]; Ionic, Sapphic, Alcaic[obs3], Pindaric.
	Phr. "a poem round and perfect as a star" [Alex. Smith]; Dichtung und Wahrheit [Ger]; furor poeticus[Lat]; "his virtues formed the magic of his song" [Hayley]; "I do but sing because I must" [Tennyson]; "I learnt life from the poets" [de Stael]; licentia vatum[Lat]; mutum est pictura poema[Lat]; "O for a muse of fire!" [Henry V]; "sweet food of sweetly uttered knowledge" [Sidney]; "the true poem is the poet's mind" [Emerson]; Volk der Dichter und Denker[Ger]; "wisdom married to immortal verse" [Wordsworth].

	#598. Prose. -- N. prose, prose writer. prosaicism[obs3], prosaism[obs3], prosaist[obs3], proser[obs3].
	V. prose.
	write prose, write in prose.
	Adj. prosal[obs3],prosy, prosaic; unpoetic, unpoetical[obs3].
	rhymeless[obs3], unrhymed, in prose, not in verse.

	#599. The Drama. -- N. the drama, the stage, the theater, the play; film the film, movies, motion pictures, cinema, cinematography; theatricals, dramaturgy, histrionic art, buskin, sock, cothurnus[obs3], Melpomene and Thalia, Thespis.
	play, drama, stage play, piece[Fr], five-act play, tragedy, comedy, opera, vaudeville, comedietta[obs3], lever de rideau[Fr], interlude, afterpiece[obs3], exode[obs3], farce, divertissement, extravaganza, burletta[obs3], harlequinade[obs3], pantomime, burlesque, opera bouffe[Fr], ballet, spectacle, masque, drame comedie drame[Fr]; melodrama, melodrame[obs3]; comidie larmoyante[Fr], sensation drama; tragicomedy, farcical-comedy; monodrame monologue[obs3];duologue trilogy; charade, proverbs; mystery, miracle play; musical, musical comedy.
	[movies] western, horse opera; flick [coll.]; spy film, love story, adventure film, documentary, nature film; pornographic film, smoker, skin flick, X-rated film.
	act, scene, tableau; induction, introduction; prologue, epilogue; libretto.
	performance, representation, mise en scene[French], stagery[obs3], jeu de theatre[French]; acting; gesture &c. 550; impersonation &c. 554; stage business, gag, buffoonery.
	light comedy, genteel comedy, low comedy.
	theater; playhouse, opera house; house; music hall; amphitheater, circus, hippodrome, theater in the round; puppet show, fantoccini[obs3]; marionettes, Punch and Judy.
	auditory, auditorium, front of the house, stalls, boxes, pit, gallery, parquet; greenroom, coulisses[Fr].
	flat; drop, drop scene; wing, screen, side scene; transformation scene, curtain, act drop; proscenium.
	stage, scene, scenery, the boards; trap, mezzanine floor; flies; floats, footlights; offstage; orchestra.
	theatrical costume, theatrical properties.
	movie studio, back lot, on location.
	part, role, character, dramatis personae[Lat]; repertoire.
	actor, thespian, player; method actor; stage player, strolling player; stager, performer; mime, mimer[obs3]; artists; comedian, tragedian; tragedienne, Roscius; star, movie star, star of stage and screen, superstar, idol, sex symbol; supporting actor, supporting cast; ham, hamfatter *[obs3]; masker[obs3]. pantomimist, clown harlequin, buffo[obs3], buffoon, farceur, grimacer, pantaloon, columbine; punchinello[obs3]; pulcinello[obs3], pulcinella[obs3]; extra, bit-player, walk-on role, cameo appearance; mute, figurante[obs3], general utility; super, supernumerary.
	company; first tragedian, prima donna[Sp], protagonist; jeune premier[French]; debutant, debutante[French]; light comedian, genteel comedian, low comedian; walking gentleman, amoroso[obs3], heavy father, ingenue[French], jeune veuve[French].
	mummer, guiser[obs3], guisard[obs3], gysart [obs1], masque.
	mountebank, Jack Pudding; tumbler, posture master, acrobat; contortionist; ballet dancer,  ballet girl; chorus singer; coryphee danseuse[Fr].
	property man, costumier, machinist; prompter, call boy; manager; director, stage manager, acting manager.
	producer, entrepreneur, impresario; backer, investor, angel[fig].
	dramatic author, dramatic writer; play writer, playwright; dramatist, mimographer[obs3].
	V. act, play, perform; put on the stage; personate &c. 554; mimic &c. (imitate) 19; enact; play a part, act a part, go through a part, perform a part; rehearse, spout, gag, rant; "strut and fret one's hour upon a stage"; tread the boards, tread the stage; come out; star it.
	Adj. dramatic; theatric, theatrical; scenic, histrionic, comic, tragic,  buskined[obs3], farcical, tragicomic, melodramatic, operatic; stagy.
	Adv. on the stage, on the boards; on film; before the floats, before an audience; behind the scenes.
	Phr. fere totus  mundus exercet histrionem [Lat][Petronius Arbiter]; "suit the action to the word, the word to the action" [Hamlet]; "the play's the thing" [Hamlet]; "to wake the soul by tender strokes of art" [Pope].

M8.2  Antagonism, competition, cooperation (R704 to R728) [[antagonism]]
<--  			(include WN verb class 4)
	   1. Conditional (Passive) Antagonism
		704.	Difficulty				705.	Facility
	  2. Active
		706.	Hindrance					707.	Aid
		708.	Opposition				709.	Cooperation
Note:   710.  Opponent  and  711.  Auxiliary to person
        712. Party to HGROUP 
		713.	Discord					714.	Concord
		715.	Defiance
		716.	Attack					717.	Defense
		718.	Retaliation				719.	Resistance
		720.	Contention				721.	Peace
		722.	Warfare					723.	Pacification
		724.	Mediation
		725.	Submission
	 NOte:  R726   Combatant to..P2.3.2.3.2.5.44 (person who does x)
		727.	Arms
		728.	Arena
-->
	#704. Difficulty. -- N. difficulty; hardness &c. adj.; impracticability &c. (impossibility) 471; tough work, hard work, uphill work; hard task, Herculean task, Augean task[obs3]; task of Sisyphus, Sisyphean labor, tough job, teaser, rasper[obs3], dead lift.
	dilemma, embarrassment; deadlock; perplexity &c. (uncertainty) 475; intricacy; entanglement, complexity  &c. 59; cross fire; awkwardness, delicacy, ticklish card to play, knot, Gordian knot, dignus vindice nodus[Lat], net, meshes, maze; coil &c. (convolution) 248; crooked path; involvement.
	nice point, delicate point, subtle point, knotty point; vexed question, vexata quaestio[Lat], poser; puzzle &c. (riddle) 533; paradox; hard nut to crack, nut to crack; bone to pick, crux, pons asinorum[Lat], where the shoe pinches.
	nonplus, quandary, strait, pass, pinch, pretty pass, stress, brunt; critical situation, crisis; trial, rub, emergency, exigency, scramble.
	scrape, hobble, slough, quagmire, hot water, hornet's nest; sea of troubles, peck of troubles; pretty kettle of fish; pickle, stew, imbroglio, mess, ado; false position.
	set fast, stand, standstill; deadlock, dead set.
	fix, horns of a dilemma, cul de sac[Fr]; hitch; stumbling block &c. (hindrance) 706.
	[difficult person] crab; curmudgeon.
	V. be difficult &c. adj.; run one hard, go against the grain, try one's patience, put one out; put to one's shifts, put to one's wit's end; go hard with one, try one; pose, perplex &c. (uncertain) 475; bother, nonplus, gravel, bring to a deadlock; be impossible &c. 471; be in the way of &c. (hinder) 706.
	meet with difficulties; labor under difficulties; get into difficulties; plunge into difficulties; struggle with difficulties; contend with difficulties; grapple with difficulties; labor under a disadvantage; be in difficulty &c. adj.
	fish in troubled waters, buffet the waves, swim against the stream, scud under bare poles.
	Have much ado with, have a hard time of it; come to the push, come to the pinch; bear the brunt.
	grope in the dark, lose one's way, weave a tangled web, walk among eggs.
	get into a scrape &c. n.; bring a hornet's nest about one's ears; be put to one's shifts; flounder, boggle, struggle; not know which way to turn &c. (uncertain) 475; perdre son Latin[Fr]; stick at, stick in the mud, stick fast; come to a stand, come to a standstill, come to a deadlock; hold the wolf by the ears, hold the tiger by the tail.
	render difficult &c. adj.; enmesh, encumber, embarrass, ravel, entangle; put a spoke in the wheel &c. (hinder) 706; lead a pretty dance.
	Adj. difficult, not easy, hard, tough; troublesome, toilsome, irksome; operose[obs3], laborious, onerous, arduous, Herculean, formidable; sooner said than done; more easily said than done, easier said than done.
	 difficult to deal with[pertaining to person's disposition sensu 802], hard to deal with; ill-conditioned, crabbed, crabby; not to be handled with kid gloves, not made with rose water.
	awkward, unwieldy, unmanageable; intractable, stubborn &c. (obstinate) 606; perverse, refractory, plaguy[obs3], trying, thorny, rugged; knotted, knotty; invious[obs1]; pathless, trackless; labyrinthine &c. (convoluted) 248; intricate, complicated &c. (tangled) 59; impracticable &c. (impossible) 471; not feasible &c. 470; desperate &c. (hopeless) 859.
	embarrassing, perplexing &c. (uncertain) 475; delicate, ticklish, critical; beset with difficulties, full of difficulties, surrounded by difficulties, entangled by difficulties, encompassed with difficulties.
	under a difficulty; in a box; in difficulty, in hot water, in the suds, in a cleft stick, in a fix, in the wrong box, in a scrape &c.n., in deep water, in a fine pickle; in extremis; between two stools, between  Scylla and Charybdis; surrounded by shoals, surrounded by breakers, surrounded by quicksands; at cross purposes; not out of the wood.
	reduced to straits; hard pressed, sorely pressed; run hard; pinched, put to it, straitened; hard up, hard put to it, hard set; put to one's shifts; puzzled, at a loss, &c. (uncertain) 475; at the end of one's tether, at the end of one's rope, at one's wit's end, at a nonplus, at a standstill; graveled, nonplused, nonplussed, stranded, aground; stuck fast, set fast; up a tree, at bay, aux abois[Fr], driven into a corner, driven from pillar to post, driven to extremity, driven to one's wit's end, driven to the wall; au bout de son Latin; out of one's depth; thrown out.
	accomplished with difficulty; hard-fought, hard-earned.
	Adv. with difficulty, with much ado; barely, hardly &c. adj.; uphill; against the stream, against the grain; d rebours[Fr]; invita Minerva[Lat]; in the teeth of; at a pinch, upon a pinch; at long odds, against long odds.
	Phr. "ay there's the rub" [Hamlet]; hic labor hoc opus [Lat][Vergil]; things are come to a pretty pass, ab inconvenienti[Lat]; ad astra per aspera[Lat]; acun chemin de fleurs ne conduit a la gloire[Fr].

	#705. Facility. -- N. facility, ease; easiness &c. adj.; capability; feasibility &c. (practicability) 470; flexibility, pliancy &c. 324; smoothness &c. 255.
	plain sailing, smooth sailing, straight sailing; mere child's play, holiday task; cinch [U.S.].
	smooth water, fair wind; smooth royal road; clear coast, clear stage; tabula rasa[Lat]; full play &c. (freedom) 748. 
	disencumbrance[obs3], disentanglement; deoppilation[obs2]; permission &c. 760.
	simplicity, lack of complication.
	V. be easy &c. adj.; go on smoothly, run smoothly; have full play &c. n.; go on all fours, run on all fours; obey the helm, work well.
	flow with the stream, swim with the stream, drift with the stream, go with the stream, flow with the tide, drift with the tide; see one's way; have all one's own way, have the game in one's own hands; walk over the course, win at a canter; make light of, make nothing of, make no bones of.
	be at home in, make it look easy, do it with one's eyes closed, do it in one's sleep  &c. (skillful) 698.
	render easy &c. adj.; facilitate, smooth, ease; popularize; lighten, lighten the labor; free, clear; disencumber, disembarrass, disentangle, disengage; deobstruct[obs3], unclog, extricate, unravel; untie the knot, cut the knot; disburden, unload, exonerate, emancipate, free from, deoppilate[obs2]; humor &c. (aid) 707; lubricate &c. 332; relieve &c. 834.
	leave a hole to creep out of, leave a loophole, leave the matter open; give the reins to, give full play, give full swing; make way for; open the door to, open the way, prepare the ground, smooth the ground, clear the ground, open the way, open the path, open the road; pave the way, bridge over; permit &c. 760.
	Adj. easy, facile; feasible &c. (practicable) 470; easily managed, easily accomplished; within reach, accessible, easy of access, for the million, open to.

	#706. Hindrance. -- N. prevention, preclusion, obstruction, stoppage; embolus, interruption, interception, interclusion[obs1]; hindrance, impediment, impedition[obs1]; retardment[obs3], retardation; embarrassment, oppilation[obs2]; coarctation[obs3], stricture, restriction; infarct; restraint &c. R751; inhibition &c. R761; blockade &c. (closure) R261.
	interference, interposition; obtrusion; discouragement, dissuasion, discountenance.
	impediment, let, obstacle, obstruciton, nkot, knag; check, hitch, contretemps, screw loose, grit in the oil.
	bar, stile, barrier,; turnstile, turnpike; gate, portcullis; beaver dam; trocha; barricade &c. (defense) R717; wall, dead wall, breakwater, groyne; bulkhead, block, buffer; stopper &c. 263; boom, dam, weir, burrock.
drawback, objection; stumbling-block, stumbling-stone; lion in the path, snag; snags and sawyers.
	encumbrance, incumbrance[obs3]; clog, skid, shoe, spoke; drag, drag chain, drag weight; stay, stop; preventive, prophylactic; load, burden, fardel[obs3], onus, millstone round one's neck, impedimenta; dead weight; lumber, pack; nightmare, Ephialtes[obs3], incubus, old man of the sea; remora.
	difficulty &c, R704; insuperable obstacle &c.; estoppel; ill wind; head wind &c. (opposition) R708; trammel, tether &c. (means of restraint) R752; hold back, counterpoise, damper, wet-blanket, hinderer, marplot, kill-joy, interloper; trail of a red herring; opponent &c. R710.
	V. hinder, impede, filibuster, impedite[obs1], embarrass.
	in the way of, unfavorable; onerous, burdensome; cumbrous, cumbersome; obtrusive.
	Adj. hindering &c. v.; obstructive, obstructuent, impeditive, impedient; intercipient[obs1]; prophylactic &c. (remedial) R662; impedimentary.
	hindered &c. v.; windbound[obs3], waterlogged, heavy laden; hard pressed.
	unassisted &c. (see assist &c. 707); single-handed, alone; deserted &c. 624.
	Phr. occurrent nubes[Lat].

	#707. Aid. -- N. aid, aidance[obs3]; assistance, help, opitulation[obs1], succor; support, lift, advance, furtherance, promotion; coadjuvancy &c. (cooperation) 709[obs3].
	patronage, championship, countenance, favor, interest, advocacy.
	sustentation, subvention, alimentation, nutrition, nourishment; eutrophy; manna in the wilderness; food &c. 298; means &c. 632.
	ministry, ministration; subministration[obs3]; accommodation.
	relief, rescue; help at a dead lift; supernatural aid; deus ex machina[Lat].
	supplies, reinforcements, reenforcements[obs3], succors, contingents, recruits; support &c. (physical) 215; adjunct, ally &c. (helper) 711.
	V. aid, assist, help, succor, lend one's aid; come to the aid &c. n. of; contribute, subscribe to; bring aid, give aid, furnish aid, afford aid, supply aid &c. n.; give a helping hand, stretch a hand, lend a helping hand, lend a hand, bear a helping hand, hold out a hand, hold out a helping hand; give one a life, give one a cast, give one a turn; take by the hand, take in tow;help a lame dog over a stile, lend wings to.
	relieve, rescue; set up, set agoing[obs3], set on one's legs; bear through, pull through; give new life to, be the making of; reinforce, reenforce, recruit; set forward, put forward, push forward; give a lift, give a shove, give an impulse to; promote, further, forward, advance
	expedite, speed, quicken, hasten.
	support, sustain, uphold, prop, hold up, bolster.
	cradle, nourish; nurture, nurse, dry nurse, suckle, put out to nurse; manure, cultivate, force; foster, cherish, foment; feed the flame, fan the flame.
	serve; do service to, tender to, pander to; administer to, subminister to[obs3], minister to; tend, attend, wait on; take care of &c. 459; entertain; smooth the bed of death.
	oblige, accommodate, consult the wishes of; humor, cheer, encourage.
	second, stand by; back, back up; pay the piper, abet; work for, make interest for, stick up for, take up the cudgels for; take up the cause of, espouse the cause of, adopt the cause of; advocate, beat up for recruits, press into the service; squire, give moral support to, keep in countenance, countenance, patronize; lend oneself to, lend one's countenance to; smile upon, shine upon; favor, befriend, take in hand, enlist under the banners of; side with &c. (cooperate) 709.
	be of use to; subserve &c. (instrument) 631; benefit &c. 648; render a service &c. (utility) 644; conduce &c. (tend) 176.
	Adj. aiding &c. v.; auxiliary, adjuvant, helpful; coadjuvant &c. 709[obs3]; subservient, ministrant, ancillary, accessory, subsidiary.
	at one's beck, at one's beck and call; friendly, amicable, favorable, propitious, well-disposed; neighborly; obliging &c. (benevolent) 906.
	Adv. with the aid, by the aid &c.  of; on behalf of, in behalf of; in aid of, in the service of, in the name of, in favor of, in furtherance of; on account of; for the sake of, on the part of; non obstante[Lat].
	Int. help! save us! to the rescue!
	Phr. alterum alterius auxilio eget [Lat][Sallust]; "God befriend us as our cause is just" [Henry IV]; at your service.

	#708. Opposition. -- N.  opposition, antagonism; oppugnancy[obs3], oppugnation[obs3]; impugnation[obs2]; contrariety; contravention; counteraction &c. 179; counterplot.
	cross fire, undercurrent, head wind.
	clashing, collision, conflict.
	competition, two of a trade, rivalry, emulation, race.
	absence of -aid &c. 707; resistance &c. 719; restraint &c. 751; hindrance &c. 706.
	{{is_a: antagonism, R179}}.
	{{conceptual_part_of: competition, R720}}.
<-- opposition is an attitude and an action, so signal both -->
	{{trait_of: opponent, R710, P2.3.2.3.2.5.42 }}.
	{{performed_by: opponent, R710, P2.3.2.3.2.5.42 }}.
	V. oppose, counteract, run counter to; withstand &c. (resist) 719; control &c. (restrain) 751; hinder &c. 706; antagonize, oppugn, fly in the face of, go dead against, kick against, fall afoul of, run afoul of; set against, pit against; face, confront, cope with; make a stand, make a dead set against; set oneself against, set one's face against; protest against, vote against, raise one;s voice against; disfavor, turn one's back upon; set at naught, slap in the face, slam the door in one's face.
	be at cross purposes; play at cross purposes; counterwork[obs3], countermine; thwart, overthwart[obs3]; work against, undermine.
	stem, breast, encounter; stem the tide, breast the tide, stem the current, stem the flood; buffet the waves; beat up against, make head against; grapple with; kick against the pricks &c. (resist) 719; contend &c. 720; do battle &c. (warfare) 722 -with, do battle against.
	contradict, contravene; belie; go against, run against, beat against, militate against; come in conflict with.
	emulate &c. (compete) 720; rival, spoil one's trade.
	Adj. opposing, opposed &c. v.; adverse, antagonistic; contrary &c. 14; at variance &c. 24; at issue, at war with.
	unfavorable, unfriendly; hostile, inimical, cross, unpropitious.
	in hostile array, front to front, with crossed bayonets, at daggers drawn; up in arms; resistant &c. 719.
	competitive, emulous.
	Adv. against, versus, counter to, in conflict with, at cross purposes.
	against the grain, against the current, against the stream, against the wind, against the tide; with a headwind; with the wind ahead, with the wind in one's teeth.
	in spite, in despite, in defiance; in the way, in the teeth of, in the face of; across; athwart, overthwart[obs3]; where the shoe pinches; in spite of one's teeth.
	though &c. 30; even; quand meme[Fr]; per contra.
	Phr. nitor in adversum[Lat].

<-- note that these concepts are primarily applied to human actions, but also can be applied to abstract combinations of  causes, as under concurrence, R178 -->[[cooperation]]
	#709. Cooperation. -- N. cooperation; coadjuvancy[obs3], coadjutancy[obs3]; coagency[obs3], coefficiency[obs3]; concert, collaboration, concurrence, concurrency, participation; complicity, conspiracy; union &c. 43; additivity, combination &c. 48; collusion, team effort, joint effort.
	{{trait_of}} association, alliance, colleagueship[obs3]; consortium.
	{{trait_of}} joint stock, copartnership[obs3]; cartel; coalition, fusion; a long pull a strong pull and a pull all together.
<-- consiracy in second sense of group -->
	{{trait_of}} conspiracy.
	logrolling, freemasonry.
	{{trait_of: confederation &c. (party) 712, @P2.3.2.3.1.5   Human groups}}.
	unanimity &c. (assent) 488; esprit de corps, party spirit; clanship[obs3], partisanship; concord &c. 714.
	synergy, coaction[obs3].
	{[in_subject(biology)]} symbiosis; parasitism.
	{{property_of}} adjuvant.
	{{trait_of:  Auxiliary, R711, P2.3.2.3.2.5.43}}.
	V. cooperate, concur; coact[obs3], synergize.
	conduce &c. 178; combine, unite one;s efforts; keep together, draw together, pull together, club together, hand together, hold together, league together, band together, be banded together; pool; stand shoulder to shoulder, put shoulder to shoulder; act in concert, join forces, fraternize, cling to one another, conspire, concert, consort, collaborate, lay one's heads together; confederate, be in league with; agree, collude, understand one another, play into the hands of, hunt in couples.
	side with, take side with, go along with, go hand in hand with, join hands with, make common cause with, strike in with, unite with, join with, mix oneself up with, take part with, cast in one's lot with; join partnership, enter into partnership with, consort with; rally round, follow the lead of; come to, pass over to, come into the views of; be in the same boat, row in the same boat; sail in the same boat; sail on the same tack.
	be a party to, lend oneself to; chip in; participate; have a hand in, have a finger in the pie; take part in, bear part in; second &c. (aid) 707; take the part of, play the game of; espouse a cause, espouse a quarrel.
	Adj. cooperating &c. v.; in cooperation &c.n., in league &c. (party) 712; coadjuvant[obs3], coadjutant[obs3]; cooperative; additive, collective, concerted; participative; collaborative, coacting, coactive; synergetic, synergistic.
	conspiratorial, collusive.
	dyed in the wool.
	favorable &c. 707 to; unopposed &c. 708.
	Adv. as one &c. (unanimously) 488; shoulder to shoulder; synergistically; cooperatively, collaboratively.
	in consort, in association.
	Phr. due teste valgono piu che una sola [It].

<-- opponent, R710, Auxiliary, R711, belong under person, and Party, R712 
 under human groups [hgroup] P2.3.2.3.1.5   Human groups  -->

	#713. Discord. -- N. disagreement &c. 24; discord, disaccord[obs3], dissidence, dissonance; jar, clash, shock; jarring, jostling &c. v.; screw loose.
	variance, difference, dissension, misunderstanding, cross purposes, odds, brouillerie[Fr]; division, split, rupture, disruption, division in the camp, house divided against itself, disunion, breach; schism &c. (dissent) 489; feud, faction.
	quarrel, dispute, tiff, tracasserie[obs3], squabble, altercation, barney *[obs3], demele, snarl, spat, towrow[obs3], words, high words; wrangling &c. v.; jangle, brabble[obs3], cross questions and crooked answers, snip-snap; family jars.
	polemics; litigation; strife &c. (contention) 720; warfare &c. 722; outbreak, open rupture, declaration of war.

	{{property_of(disorder,  R59)}} {{similar_to: commotion, ferment &c. (agitation) R315}} broil, brawl, row, racket, hubbub, rixation[obs1]; embroilment, embranglement[obs3], imbroglio, fracas, breach of the peace, piece of work[Fr], scrimmage, rumpus; breeze, squall; bear garden; turmoil; to-do, trouble, pudder[obs3], pother, rumble, disturbance, convulsion, tumult, uproar; revolution, riot; stour[obs3], scramble, brawl, rhubarb [baseball], fight, free-for-all, row, ruction, rumpus, embroilment, melee, spill and pelt, rough and tumble; whirlwind &c. 349; Babel, Saturnalia, donnybrook, Donnybrook Fair, confusion worse confounded, most admired disorder, concordia discors[Lat]; Bedlam, all hell broke loose; bull in a china shop; all the fat in the fire, diable a' quatre[Fr], Devil to pay; pretty kettle of fish; pretty piece of work[Fr], pretty piece of business[Fr]. 

	subject of dispute, ground of quarrel, battle ground, disputed point; bone of contention, bone to pick; apple of discord, casus belli[Lat]; question at issue &c. (subject of inquiry) 461; vexed question, vexata quaestio[Lat], brand of discord.
	troublous times[obs3]; cat-and-dog life; contentiousness &c. adj.; enmity &c. 889; hate &c. 898; Kilkenny cats; disputant &c. 710; strange bedfellows.
	V. be discordant &c. adj.; disagree, come amiss &c. 24; clash, jar, jostle, pull different ways, conflict, have no measures with, misunderstand one another; live like cat and dog; differ; dissent &c. 489; have a bone to pick, have a crow to pluck with.
	fall out, quarrel, dispute; litigate; controvert &c. (deny) 536; squabble, wrangle, jangle, brangle[obs3], bicker, nag; spar &c. (contend) 720; have words &c. n. with; fall foul of.
	split; break with, break squares with, part company with; declare war, try conclusions; join issue, put in issue; pick a quarrel, fasten a quarrel on; sow dissension, stir up dissension &c. n.; embroil, entangle, disunite, widen the breach; set at odds, set together by the ears; set against, pit against.
	get into hot water, fish in troubled waters, brawl; kick up a row, kick up a dust; turn the house out of window.
	Adj. discordant; disagreeing &c. v.; out of tune, ajar, on bad terms, dissentient &c. 489; unreconciled, unpacified; contentious &c. 720.
	quarrelsome, unpacific[obs3]; gladiatorial, controversial, polemic, disputatious; factious; litigious, litigant; pettifogging.
	at odds, at loggerheads, at daggers drawn, at variance, at issue, at cross purposes, at sixes and sevens, at feud, at high words; up in arms, together by the ears, in hot water, embroiled.
	torn, disunited.
	Phr. quot homines tot sententiae [Lat][Terence]; no love lost between them, non nostrum tantas componere lites  [Lat][Vergil]; Mars gravior sub pace latet [Lat][Claudius].

	#714. Concord. -- N. concord, accord, harmony, symphony; homologue; agreement &c. 23; sympathy, empathy  &c. (love) 897; response; union, unison, unity; bonds of harmony; peace &c. 721; unanimity &c. (assent) 488; league &c. 712; happy family.
	rapprochement; reunion; amity &c. (friendship) 888; alliance, entente cordiale[Fr], good understanding, conciliation, peacemaker; intercessor, mediator.
	V. agree &c. 23; accord, harmonize with; fraternize; be -concordant &c. adj.; go hand in hand; run parallel &c. (concur) 178; understand one another, pull together &c. (cooperate) 709; put up one's horses together, sing in chorus. 
	side with, sympathize with, go with, chime in with, fall in with; come round; be pacified &c. 723; assent &c. 488; empathize with, enter into the ideas of, enter into the feelings of; reciprocate.
	hurler avec les loups[Fr]; go with the stream, swim with the stream.
	keep in good humor, render accordant, put in tune; come to an understanding, meet halfway; keep the peace, remain at peace.
	Adj. concordant, congenial; agreeing &c. v.; in accord &c. n.; harmonious, united, cemented; banded together &c. 712; allied; friendly &c. 888; fraternal; conciliatory; at one with; of one mind &c. (assent) 488.
	at peace, in still water; tranquil &c. (pacific) 721.
	Adv. with one voice &c. (assent) 488; in concert with, hand in hand; on one's side.
	Phr. commune periculum concordiam parit[Lat][obs3].

	#715. Defiance. -- N. defiance; daring &. v. ; dare; challenge, cartel[obs2]; threat &c. 909; war cry, war whoop.
	{{has_metaphor}} chest-beating, chest-thumping; saber rattling; rocket rattling.
	V. defy, dare, beard; brave &c. (courage) 861; bid defiance to; set at defiance, set at naught; hurl defiance at; dance the war dance, beat the war drums; snap the fingers at, laugh to scorn; disobey &c. 742.
	show fight, show one's teeth, show a bold front; bluster, look big, stand akimbo, beat one's chest; double the fist, shake the fist; threaten &c. 909.
	challenge, call out.
	{{has_metaphor}} throw down the gauntlet, fling down the gauntlet, fling down the gage, fling down the glove, throw down the glove; knock the chip off one's shoulder.
	Adj. defiant; defying &c. v.;"with arms akimbo".
	Adv. in defiance of, in the teeth of; under one's very nose.
	Int. do your worst! come if you dare! come on! marry come up! hoity toity[obs2]
	Phr. noli me tangere[Lat]; nemo me impune lacessit[Lat]; don't tread on me; don't you dare; don't even think of it; "Go ahead, make my day!" [Dirty Harry].

	#716. Attack. -- N. attack; assault, assault and battery; onset, onslaught, charge.
	aggression, offense; incursion, inroad, invasion; irruption; outbreak; estrapade[obs3], ruade[obs3]; coupe de main, sally, sortie, camisade[obs3], raid, foray; run at, run against; dead set at.
	storm, storming; boarding, escalade[obs3]; siege, investment, obsession[obs2], bombardment, cannonade.
	fire, volley; platoon fire, file fire; fusillade; sharpshooting, broadside; raking fire, cross fire; volley of grapeshot, whiff of the grape, feu d'enfer [Fr].
	cut, thrust, lunge, pass, passado[obs3], carte and tierce[Fr][obs3], home thrust; coupe de bec[Fr]; kick, punch &c. (impulse) 276.
	battue[obs3], razzia[obs3], Jacquerie, dragonnade[obs3]; devastation &c. 162; eboulement[Fr].
	assailant, aggressor, invader.
	base of operations, point of attack; echelon.
	V. attack, assault, assail; invade; set upon, fall upon; charge, impugn, break a lance with, enter the lists.
	assume the offensive, take the offensive; be the aggressor, become the aggressor; strike the first blow, draw first blood, throw the first stone at; lift a hand against, draw the sword against; take up the cudgels; advance against, march against; march upon,  harry; come on, show fight.
	strike at, poke at, thrust at; aim a blow at, deal a blow at; give one a blow, fetch one a blow, fetch one a kick, give one a kick; have a cut at, have a shot at, take a cut at, take a shot at, have a fling at, have a shy at; be down upon, pounce upon; fall foul of, pitch into, launch out against; bait, slap on the face; make a thrust at, make a pass at, make a set at, make a dead set at; bear down upon.
	close with, come to close quarters;
	bring to bay.
	ride full tilt against; attack tooth and nail, go at hammer and tongs.
	let fly at, dash at, run a tilt at, rush at, tilt at, run at, fly at, hawk at, have at, let out at; make a dash, make a rush at;  strike home; drive one hard; press one hard; be hard upon, run down, strike at the root of.
	lay about one, run amuck.
	aim at, draw a bead on [U.S.].
	fire upon, fire at, fire a shot at; shoot at, pop at, level at, let off a gun at; open fire, pepper, bombard, shell, pour a broadside into; fire a volley, fire red-hot shot; spring a mine.
	throw a stone, throw stones at; stone, lapidate[obs3], pelt; hurl at, hurl against, hurl at the head of; rock 
	beset[U.S.], besiege, beleaguer; lay siege to, invest, open the trenches, plant a battery, sap, mine; storm, board, scale the walls.
	cut and thrust, bayonet, butt; kick, strike &c. (impulse) 276; whip &c. (punish) 972.
	 assail[attack verbally], impugn; malign (detract) 934.
	bomb, rocket, blast.
	Adj. attacking &c. v.; aggressive, offensive, obsidional[obs3].
	up in arms.
	Adv. on the offensive.
	Int. "up and at them!"
	Phr. "the din of arms, the yell of savage rage, the shriek of agony, the groan of death" [Southey]; "their fatal hands no second stroke intend" [Paradise Lost]; "thirst for glory quells the love of life" [Addison].

	#717. Defense -- N. defense, protection, guard, ward; shielding &c. v.; propugnation[obs1], preservation &c. 670; guardianship.
	area defense; site defense.
	self-defense, self-preservation; resistance &c. 719.
	safeguard &c. (safety) 664; balistraria[obs3]; bunker, screen &c. (shelter) 666; camouflage &c. (concealment) 530; fortification; munition, muniment[obs3]; trench, foxhole; bulwark, fosse[obs3], moat, ditch, entrenchment, intrenchment[obs3]; kila[obs3]; dike, dyke; parapet, sunk fence, embankment, mound, mole, bank, sandbag, revetment; earth work, field-work; fence, wall dead wall, contravallation[obs3];  paling &c. (inclosure) 232; palisade, haha, stockade, stoccado[obs3], laager[obs3], sangar[obs3]; barrier, barricade; boom; portcullis, chevaux de frise[Fr]; abatis, abattis[obs3], abbatis[obs3]; vallum[obs3], circumvallation[obs3], battlement, rampart, scarp; escarp[obs3], counter-scarp; glacis, casemate[obs3]; vallation[obs3], vanfos[obs3].
	buttress, abutment; shore &c. (support) 215.
	breastwork, banquette, curtain, mantlet[obs3], bastion, redan[obs3], ravelin[obs3]; vauntmure[obs3]; advance work, horn work, outwork; barbacan[obs3], barbican; redoubt; fort-elage[Fr], fort-alice; lines.
	loophole, machicolation[obs3]; sally port.
	hold, stronghold, fastness; asylum &c. (refuge) 666; keep, donjon, dungeon, fortress, citadel, capitol, castle; tower of strength, tower of strength; fort, barracoon[obs3], pah[obs3], sconce, martello tower[obs3], peelhouse[obs3], blockhouse, rath[obs3]; wooden walls.
	[body armor] bulletproof vest, armored vest, buffer, corner stone, fender, apron, mask, gauntlet, thimble, carapace, armor, shield, buckler, aegis, breastplate, backplate[obs3], cowcatcher, face guard, scutum[obs3], cuirass, habergeon[obs3], mail, coat of mail, brigandine[obs3], hauberk, lorication[obs3], helmet, helm, bassinet, salade[obs3], heaume[obs3], morion[obs3], murrion[obs3], armet[obs3], cabaset[obs3], vizor[obs3], casquetel[obs3], siege cap, headpiece, casque, pickelhaube, vambrace[obs3], shako &c. (dress) 225.
	bearskin; panoply; truncheon &c. (weapon) 727.
	garrison, picket, piquet; defender, protector; guardian &c. (safety) 664; bodyguard, champion; knight-errant, Paladin; propugner[obs3].
	bulletproof window.
	hardened site.
	V. defend, forfend, fend; shield, screen, shroud; engarrison[obs3]; fend round &c. (circumscribe) 229; fence, entrench, intrench[obs3]; guard &c. (keep safe) 664; guard against; take care of &c. (vigilance) 459; bear harmless; fend off, keep off, ward off, beat off, beat back; hinder &c. 706.
	parry, repel, propugn[obs3], put to flight; give a warm reception to [ironical]; hold at bay, keep at bay, keep arm's length.
	stand on the defensive, act on the defensive; show fight; maintain one;s ground, stand one's ground; stand by; hold one's own; bear the brunt, stand the brunt; fall back upon, hold, stand in the gap.
	Adj. defending &c. v.; defensive; mural[obs2]; armed, armed at all points, armed cap-a-pie, armed to the teeth; panoplied[obs3]; iron-plated, ironclad; loopholed, castellated, machicolated[obs3], casemated[obs3]; defended &c. v.; proof against.
	armored, ballproof[obs2], bulletproof; hardened.
	Adv. defensively; on the defense, on the defensive; in defense; at bay, pro aris et focis[obs3][Lat].
	Int. no surrender!
	Phr. defense not defiance; Dieu defend le droit [Fr]; fidei defensor [Lat: defender of the faith].

	#718. Retaliation. -- N. retaliation, reprisal, retort, payback; counter-stroke, counter-blast, counterplot, counter-project; retribution, lex talionis[Lat]; reciprocation &c. (reciprocity) 12.
	tit for tat, give and take, blow for blow, quid pro quo, a Roland for an Oliver, measure for measure, diamond cut diamond, the biter bit, a game at which two can play; reproof valiant, retort courteous.
	recrimination &c. (accusation) 938; revenge &c. 919; compensation &c. 30; reaction &c. (recoil) 277.
	V. retaliate, retort, turn upon; pay, pay off, pay back, get back at; pay in one's own coin, pay in the same coin; cap; reciprocate &c. 148; turn the tables upon; give a quid pro quo &c. n., give as much as one takes, give as good as one gets; give and take, exchange fisticuffs; be quits, be even with; pay off old scores; return the compliment[ironically].
	
	serve one right, be hoist by one's own petard, throw a stone in one's own garden, catch a Tartar.
	Adj. retaliating &c. v.; retaliatory, retaliative, equalizing; talionic[obs3].
	Adv. in retaliation; en revanche.
	in revenge &c. 919.
	Phr. mutato nomine de te fabula narratur  [Lat][Horace]; par pari refero [Lat][Terence]; tu quoque[Lat: you too];  you're another; suo sibi gladio hunc jugulo [Lat]; a beau jeu beau retour[Fr]; litem [Lat]. . . lite resolvit [Lat][Horace].

	#719. Resistance. -- N. resistance, stand, front, oppugnation[obs3]; oppugnancy[obs3]; opposition &c. 708; renitence[obs3], renitency; reluctation[obs3], recalcitration[obs3]; kicking &c. v. 
	repulse, rebuff.
	insurrection &c. (disobedience) 742; strike; turn out, lock out, barring out; levee en masse[Fr], Jacquerie; riot &c. (disorder) 59. 
	V. resist; not submit &c. 725; repugn[obs3], reluct, reluctate[obs3], withstand; stand up against, strive against, bear up under, bear up against, be proof against, make head against; stand, stand firm, stand one's ground, stand the brunt of, stand out; hold one's grounds, hold one's own, hold out, hold firm.
	breast the wave, breast the current; stem the tide, stem the torrent; face, confront, grapple with; show a bold front &c. (courage) 861; present a front; make a stand, take one's stand.
	kick, kick against; recalcitrate[obs3], kick against the pricks; oppose &c. 708; fly in the face of; lift the hand against &c. (attack) 716; rise up in arms &c. (war) 722; strike, turn out; draw up a round robin &c. (remonstrate) 932; revolt &c. (disobey) 742; make a riot.
	repel, repulse.
	prendre le mors aux dents [French: take the bit between the teeth]; sell one's life dearly, die hard, keep at bay; pay the ferryman's fee.
	Adj. resisting &c. v.; resistive, resistant; refractory &c. (disobedient) 742; recalcitrant, renitent; up in arms.
	repulsive, repellant.
	proof against; unconquerable &c. (strong) 159; stubborn, unconquered; indomitable &c. (persevering) 604a; unyielding &c. (obstinate) 606.
	Int. hands off! keep off!

	#720. Competition. -- N.  competition, rivalry, contest, contestation[obs3]; match, corrivalry[obs3], corrivalship[obs3], agonism[obs1], concours[Fr]; contention, strife; struggle; belligerency; opposition &c. 708.
	{{similar_to: opposition, R708}}.
	[context: intellectual disputes] controversy, polemics; debate &c. (discussion) 476; war of words, logomachy[obs3], litigation; paper war; high words &c. (quarrel) 713; sparring &c. v.
	race, run; horse racing, horse race, turf; field day; sham fight, Derby day; boat race, yacht race, regatta, torpids[obs3]; auto race, stock car race; demolition derby.
	{{has_instance(auto race)}} Indy 500, Indianapolis 500; Grand Prix.
	{{has_subtype(horse race)}} flats; trotters, derby, heat; steeple chase; handicap.
	sport, sporting, athletics, athletic sports.
	bullfight, tauromachy[obs3], gymkhana[obs3].
	{{has_instance(yacht race)}} America's cup.
	{{has_subtype(sport)}} wrestling, greco-roman wrestling; jiujitsu, jujutsu, kooshti[obs3], sumo.
	{{has_subtype(sport)}} pugilism, boxing, fisticuffs, the manly art of self-defense; spar, mill, set-to, round, bout, event, prize fight, prize fighting; quarterstaff, single stick; gladiatorship[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(sport)}} gymnastics.
	games of skill &c. 840.
	tussle, scuffle, broil, fray; affray, affrayment[obs1]; shindig, shindy[obs3]; fracas &c. (discord) 713; clash of arms; velitation[obs1]; colluctation[obs1], luctation[obs3]; brabble[obs3], brigue[obs1], scramble, melee, scrimmage, stramash[obs3], bushfighting[obs3].
	free fight, stand up fight, hand to hand, running fight.
	show, concours d'elegance[Fr].
	combat, conflict, skirmish; rencounter[obs3], encounter; rencontre[obs3], collision, affair, brush, fight; battle, battle royal; action, engagement, joust, tournament; tilt, tilting [medieval times]; tournay[obs3], list; pitched battle.
	death struggle, struggle for life or death, life or death struggle, Armageddon[obs3].
	hard knocks, sharp contest, tug of war.
	naval engagement, naumachia[obs3], sea fight.
	duel, duello[It]; single combat, monomachy[obs3], satisfaction, passage d'armes[Fr], passage of arms, affair of honor; triangular duel; hostile meeting, digladiation[obs3]; deeds of arms, feats of arms; appeal to arms &c. (warfare) 722.
	pugnacity; combativeness &c. adj..
	{{has_concern: bone of contention &c. 713}}.
	{{performed_by: disputant, R726, P2.3.2.3.2.5.44}}.
	[context: job, employment] professional competition, professional rivalry, job competition.
	{{affects(professional competition): reputation}}.
	V. contend; contest, strive, struggle, scramble, wrestle; spar, square; exchange blows, exchange fisticuffs; fib[obs2], jostle, justle[obs3], tussle, tilt, box, stave, fence; skirmish; pickeer[obs3]; fight &c. (war) 722; wrangle &c. (quarrel) 713.
	be a - party &c. R726.
	contend &c. with, grapple with, engage with, close with, buckle with, bandy with, try conclusions with, have a brush &c. n. with, tilt with; encounter, fall foul of, pitch into, clapperclaw[obs3], run a tilt at; oppose &c. 708; reluct.
	{{has_commencement}} join issue, come to blows, go to loggerheads, set to, come to the scratch, exchange shots, measure swords, meet hand to hand; take up the cudgels, take up the glove, take up the gauntlet; enter the lists; couch one's lance; give satisfaction; take up arms, appeal to arms &c. (warfare) 722.
	lay about one; break the peace.
	compete with, cope with, vie with, race with; outvie[obs3], emulate, rival; run a race; contend &c. for, stipulate for, stickle for; insist upon, make a point of.
	Adj. contending &c. v.; together by the ears, at loggerheads at war at issue.
	competitive, rival; belligerent; contentious, combative, bellicose, unpeaceful[obs3]; warlike &c. 722; quarrelsome &c. 901; pugnacious; pugilistic, gladiatorial; palestric[obs3], palestrical[obs3].
	Phr. a verbis ad verbera[Lat]; a word and a blow; "a very pretty quarrel as it stands" [Sheridan]; commune periculum concordiam parit[Lat]; lis litem generat[Lat].

	#721. Peace. -- N. peace; amity &c. (friendship) 888; harmony &c. (concord) 714; tranquility, calm &c. (quiescence) 265; truce, peace treaty, accord &c. (pacification) 723; peace pipe, pipe of peace, calumet of peace.
	piping time of peace, quiet life; neutrality.
	[symbol of peace] dove of peace, white dove.
	[person who favors peace] dove.
	pax Romana[Lat]; Pax Americana[Lat].
	V. be at peace; keep the peace &c. (concord) 714.
	make peace &c. 723.
	Adj. pacific; peaceable, peaceful; calm, tranquil, untroubled, halcyon; bloodless; neutral.
	dovish.
	Phr. the storm blown over; the lion lies down with the lamb; "all quiet on the Potomac"; paritur pax bello [Lat][Nepos]; "peace hath her victories no less renowned than war" [Milton]; "they make a desert and they call it peace".

	#722. Warfare. -- N. warfare; fighting &c. v.; hostilities; war, arms, the sword; Mars, Bellona, grim visaged war, horrida bella[Lat]; bloodshed.
	appeal to arms, appeal to the sword; ordeal of battle; wager of battle; ultima ratio regum[Lat], arbitrament of the sword.
	battle array, campaign, crusade, expedition, operations; mobilization; state of siege; battlefield, theater of operations &c. (arena) 728; warpath.
	art of war, tactics, strategy, castrametation[obs3]; generalship; soldiership; logistics; military evolutions, ballistics, gunnery; chivalry.
	gunpowder, shot.
	battle, tug of war &c. (contention) 720; service, campaigning, active service, tented field; kriegspiel[Ger], Kriegsspiel[Ger]; fire cross, trumpet, clarion, bugle, pibroch[obs3], slogan; war-cry, war-whoop; battle cry, beat of drum, rappel, tom-tom; calumet of war; word of command; password, watchword; passage d-armes[Fr].
	war to the death, war to the knife; guerre a mort[Fr], guerre a outrance[Fr][obs3]; open war, internecine war, civil war.
	{{performed_by: combatant, R726,..P2.3.2.3.2.5.44  -->}}.
	V. arm; raise troops, mobilize troops; raise up in arms; take up the cudgels &c. 720; take up arms, fly to arms, appeal to arms, fly to the sword; draw the sword, unsheathe the sword; dig up the hatchet, dig up the tomahawk; go to war, wage war, 'let slip the dogs of war' [Julius Caesar]; cry havoc; kindle the torch of war, light the torch of war; raise one's banner, raise the fire cross; hoist the black flag; throw away, fling away the scabbard; enroll, enlist; take the field; take the law into one's own hands; do battle, give battle, join battle, engage in battle, go to battle; flesh one's sword; set to, fall to, engage, measure swords with, draw the trigger, cross swords; come to blows, come to close quarters; fight; combat; contend &c. 720; battle with, break a lance with.
	[pirates engage in battle] raise the jolly roger, run up the jolly roger.
	serve; see service, be on service, be on active service; campaign; wield the sword, shoulder a musket, smell powder, be under fire; spill blood, imbrue the hands in blood; on the warpath.
	carry on war, carry on hostilities; keep the field; fight the good fight; fight it out, fight like devils, fight one's way, fight hand to hand; sell one's life dearly; pay the ferryman's fee.
	Adj. contending, contentious &c. 720; armed, armed to the teeth, armed cap-a-pie; sword in hand; in arms, under arms, up in arms; at war with; bristling with arms; in battle array, in open arms, in the field; embattled; battled.
	unpacific[obs3], unpeaceful[obs3]; belligerent, combative, armigerous[obs3], bellicose, martial, warlike; military, militant; soldier-like, soldierly.
	chivalrous; strategical, internecine.
	Adv. flagrante bello[Lat], in the thick of the fray, in the cannon's mouth; at the sword's point, at the point of the bayonet.
	Int. vae victis[Lat]! to arms! to your tents O Israel!
	Phr. the battle rages; a la guerre comme a la guerre[Fr]; bis peccare in bello non licet[Lat][obs3]; jus gladii[Lat]; "my voice is still for war" [Addison]; "'tis well that war is so terrible, otherwise we might grow fond of it" [Robert E. Lee]; "my sentence is for open war" [Milton]; "pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war" [Othello]; "the cannons have their bowels full of wrath" [King John]; "the cannons . . .spit forth their iron indignation" [King John]; "the fire-eyed maid of smoky war" [Henry IV]; silent leges inter arma [Lat][Cicero]; si vis pacem para bellum[Lat].

	#723. Pacification. -- N. pacification, conciliation; reconciliation, reconcilement; shaking of hands, accommodation, arrangement, adjustment; terms, compromise; amnesty, deed of release.
	peace offering; olive branch; calumet of peace, preliminaries of peace.
	truce, armistice; suspension of arms, suspension of hostilities, stand-down; breathing time; convention; modus vivendi[Lat]; flag of truce, white flag, parlementaire[Fr], cartel[obs2].
	hollow truce, pax in bello[Lat]; drawn battle.
	V. pacify, tranquilize, compose; allay &c. (moderate) 174; reconcile, propitiate, placate, conciliate, meet halfway, hold out the olive branch, heal the breach, make peace, restore harmony, bring to terms.
	settle matters, arrange matters, accommodate matters, accommodate differences; set straight; make up a quarrel, tantas componere lites[Lat]; come to an understanding, come to terms; bridge over, hush up; make it, make matters up; shake hands; mend one's fences [U.S.].
	raise a siege, lift a siege; put up the sword, sheathe the sword; bury the hatchet, lay down one's arms, turn swords into plowshares; smoke the calumet of peace, close the temple of Janus; keep the peace &c. (concord) 714; be pacified &c.; come round.
	Adj. conciliatory; composing &c. v.; pacified &c. v.
	Phr. requiescat in pace[Lat].

	#724. Mediation. -- N. mediation, mediatorship[obs3], mediatization[obs3]; intervention, interposition, interference, intermeddling, intercession;  arbitration; flag of truce &c. 723; good offices, peace offering; .
	parley, negotiation; diplomatics[obs3], diplomacy; compromise &c. 774.
	[person who mediates] mediator, arbitrator, intercessor, peacemaker, makepeace[obs3], negotiator, go-between; diplomatist &c. (consignee) 758; moderator; propitiator; umpire.
	V. mediate, mediatize[obs3]; intercede, interpose, interfere, intervene; step in, negotiate; meet halfway; arbitrate; magnas componere lites[Lat].
	bargain &c. 794.
	Adj. mediatory.

	#725. Submission. -- N. submission, yielding; nonresistance; obedience &c. 743.
	surrender, cession, capitulation, resignation; backdown[obs3].
	obeisance, homage, kneeling, genuflexion[obs3], courtesy, curtsy, kowtow, prostration.
	V. succumb, submit, yeild, bend, resign, defer to.
	lay down one's arms, deliver up one's arms; lower colors, haul down colors, strike one's flag, strike colors.
	surrender, surrender at discretion; cede, capitulate, come to terms, retreat, beat a retreat; draw in one's horns &c. (humility) 879; give way, give round, give in, give up; cave in; suffer judgment by default; bend, bend to one's yoke, bend before the storm; reel back; bend down, knuckle down, knuckle to, knuckle  under; knock under.
	eat dirt, eat the leek, eat humble pie; bite the dust, lick the dust; be at one's feet, fall at one's feet; craven; crouch before, throw oneself at the feet of; swallow the leek, swallow the pill; kiss the rod; turn the other cheek; avaler les couleuvres[Fr], gulp down.
	obey &c. 743; kneel to, bow to, pay homage to, cringe to, truckle to; bend the neck, bend the knee; kneel, fall on one's knees, bow submission, courtesy, curtsy, kowtow.
	pocket the affront; make the best of, make a virtue of necessity; grin and abide, grin and bear it, shrug the shoulders, resign oneself; submit with a good grace &c. (bear with) 826.
	Adj. surrendering &c. v.; submissive, resigned, crouching; downtrodden; down on one's marrow bones; on one's bended knee; unresistant, unresisting, nonresisting; pliant &c. (soft) 324; undefended.
	untenable, indefensible; humble &c. 879.
	Phr. have it your own way; it can't be helped; amen &c. (assent) 488; da locum melioribus[Lat]; tempori parendum[Lat].

<--  Combatant  R726, to  person who does ...P2.3.2.3.2.5.44  -->

<--  [[arms, weapon]]  -->
	#727. Arms. -- N. arm, arms; weapon, deadly weapon; armament, armaments, armature; panoply, stand of arms; armor &c. (defense) 717; armory &c. (store) 636; apparatus belli[Lat].
	ammunition; powder, powder and shot; cartridge; ball cartridge, cartouche, fireball; "villainous saltpeter" [Hen. IV]; dumdum bullet.
	{{has_subtype(ammunition): explosive, @P2.3.1.3.4.5}}.
	[knives and swords: list] sword, saber, broadsword, cutlass, falchion[obs3], scimitar, cimeter[obs3], brand, whinyard, bilbo, glaive[obs3], glave[obs3], rapier, skean, Toledo, Ferrara, tuck, claymore, adaga[obs3], baselard[obs3], Lochaber ax, skean dhu[obs3], creese[obs3], kris, dagger, dirk, banger[obs3], poniard, stiletto, stylet[obs3], dudgeon, bayonet; sword-bayonet, sword-stick; side arms, foil, blade, steel; ax, bill; pole-ax, battle-ax; gisarme[obs3], halberd, partisan, tomahawk, bowie knife[obs3]; ataghan[obs3], attaghan[obs3], yataghan[obs3]; yatacban[obs3]; assagai, assegai[obs3]; good sword, trusty sword, naked sword; cold steel.
	club, mace, truncheon, staff, bludgeon, cudgel, life preserver, shillelah, sprig; hand staff, quarter staff; bat, cane, stick, knuckle duster; billy, blackjack, sandbag, waddy[obs3].
	gun, piece[Fr]; firearms; artillery, ordnance; siege train, battering train; park, battery; cannon, gun of position, heavy gun, field piece[Fr], mortar, howitzer, carronade[obs3], culverin[obs3], basilisk; falconet, jingal[obs3], swivel, pederero[obs3], bouche a feu[Fr]; petard, torpedo; mitrailleur[Fr], mitrailleuse[Fr]; infernal machine; smooth bore, rifled cannon, Armstrong gun[obs3], Lancaster gun, Paixhan gun, Whitworth gun, Parrott gun, Krupp gun, Gatling gun, Maxim gun, machine gun; pompom[obs3]; ten pounder.
	small arms; musket, musketry, firelock[obs3], fowling piece[Fr], rifle, fusil[obs3], caliver[obs3], carbine.
	{{property_of(antiquated)}} blunderbuss, musketoon[obs3], Brown Bess, matchlock, flintlock, harquebuss[obs3], arquebus, haguebut[obs3].
	pistol, postolet[obs3]; petronel; small bore; breach-loader, muzzle-loader; revolver, repeater; Minis rifle, Enfield rifle, Flobert rifle, Westley Richards rifle, Snider rifle, Martini-Henry rifle, Lee-Metford rifle, Lee-Enfield rifle, Mauser rifle, magazine rifle; needle gun, chassepot[obs3];  automatic gun, automatic pistol; escopet[obs3], escopette[obs3], gunflint, gun-lock; hackbut[obs3], shooter, shooting iron * [U.S.], six-shooter [U.S.], shotgun; Uzzi, assault rifle, Kalashnikov. 
	bow, crossbow, balister[obs3], catapult, sling; battering ram &c. (impulse) 276; gunnery; ballistics &c. (propulsion) 284.
	slingshot, sling shot.
	{{has_subtype(ammunition)}} missile, bolt, projectile, shot, ball; grape; grape shot, canister shot, bar shot, cannon shot, langrel shot[obs3], langrage shot[obs3], round shot, chain shot; balista[obs3], ballista[Lat.][obs3];  trebucbet[obs3], trebucket[obs3]; bullet, slug, stone, brickbat, grenade, shell, bomb, carcass, rocket; congreve[obs3], congreve rocket[obs3]; shrapnel, mitraille[Fr]; levin bolt[obs3], levin  brand[obs3]; thunderbolt.
	pike, lance, spear, spontoon[obs3], javelin, dart, jereed[obs3], jerid[obs3], arrow, reed, shaft, bolt, boomerang, harpoon, gaff; eelspear[obs3], oxgoad[obs3], weet-weet, wommerah[obs3]; cattle prod; chemical mace.
	blow pipe, blow tube, blowgun, blowpipe, blowtube; peashooter; wind gun, air gun.
	dart gun.
	Phr. en flute; nervos belli pecuniam infinitam[Lat].

	#728. Arena. -- N. arena, field, platform; scene of action, theater; walk, course; hustings; stare, boards &c. (playhouse) 599; amphitheater; Coliseum, Colosseum; Flavian amphitheater, hippodrome, circus, race course, corso[Sp], turf, cockpit, bear garden, playground, gymnasium, palestra, ring, lists; tiltyard[obs3], tilting ground; Campus Martins, Champ de Allars[obs3]; campus [U.S.].
	boxing ring, canvas.
	theater of war, seat of war; battle-field, battle-ground; field of battle, field of slaughter; Aceldama[obs3], camp; the enemy's camp; trusting place &c. (place of meeting) 74.

<--  affections, feelings generally are divided here into longer-term feelings, and shorter-term (mostly emotions), and sympathetic affections.  In the sense of 821 feelings and emotions are synonymous.  
	Only the sympathetic affections are properly classified as mind-mind interactions.  The proper location of the first two categories has beem broken away and moved to M3.3.  They are also mentioned here here because of their location in Roget.
-->

<--  affections, feelings generally are divided here into longer-term feelings, and shorter-term (mostly emotions), and sympathetic affections.  In the sense of 821 feelings and emotions are synonymous.  
	Only the sympathetic affections are properly classified as mind-mind interactions.  The proper location of the first two categories has beem broken away and moved to M3.3.  They are also mentioned here here because of their location in Roget.
-->
<-- affections IV. MOral,  and V. religious under mind-mind interactions  -->
M8.3.1   SOCIAL sympathetic AFFECTIONS   R888 to R905, R928 to R938
M8.3.1.1   SOCIAL sympathetic AFFECTIONS generally  R888 to R905 [[friendship]]
<--  	888.	Friendship				889.	Enmity
Note: 		890.	Friend			891.	Enemy
  moved to P2.3.2.3.2.4.28 Friend (R890) and P2.3.2.3.2.4.29 Enemy (R891) 
		892.	Sociality					893.	Seclusion
		894.	Courtesy					895.	Discourtesy
		896.	Congratulation
		897.	Love						898.	Hate
		899.	Favorite
		(900.	Resentment  to M8.3.4.3)
									901.	Irascibility
									901a. Sullenness
		902.	Endearment
		903.	Marriage					904.	Celibacy
									905.	Divorce
-->
M8.3.1.1.1  Friendship  {{has_property(friend, R890, P2.3.2.3.2.4.28)}} 
	#888. Friendship. -- N. {{has_property(friend, R890)}} friendship, amity; friendliness &c. adj.; brotherhood, fraternity, sodality, confraternity; harmony &c. (concord) 714; peace &c. 721.
	{{has_high_intensity}} firm friendship, staunch friendship, intimate friendship, familiar friendship, bosom friendship, cordial friendship, tried friendship, devoted friendship, lasting friendship, fast friendship, sincere friendship, warm friendship, ardent friendship.
	cordiality, fraternization, entente cordiale[Fr], good understanding, rapprochement, sympathy, fellow-feeling, response, welcomeness.
	affection &c. (love) 897; favoritism; good will &c. (benevolence) 906.
	acquaintance, familiarity, intimacy, intercourse, fellowship, knowledge of; introduction.
	V. be friendly &c. adj., be friends &c. 890, be acquainted with &c. adj.; know; have the ear of; keep company with &c.(sociality) 892; hold communication with, have dealings with, sympathize with; have a leaning to; bear good will &c. (benevolent) 906; love &c. 897; make much of; befriend &c. (aid) 707; introduce to. set one's horses together; have the latchstring out [U. S.]; hold out the right hand of friendship, extend the right hand of friendship, hold out the right hand of fellowship; become friendly &c. adj.; make friends &c. 890 with; break the lee, be introduced to; make acquaintance with, pick acquaintance with, scrape acquaintance with; get into favor, gain the friendship of.
	shake hands with, fraternize, embrace; receive with open arms, throw oneself into the arms of; meet halfway, take in good part.
	Adj. friendly; amicable, amical[obs3]; well-affected, unhostile[obs3], neighborly, brotherly, fraternal, sympathetic, harmonious, hearty, cordial, warm-hearted.
	friends with, well with, at home with, hand in hand with; on  good terms, on friendly terms, on  amicable terms, on cordial terms,  on familiar terms, on intimate terms, on good footing; on speaking terms, on visiting terms; in one's good graces, in one's good books.
	acquainted, familiar, intimate, thick, hand and glove, hail fellow well met, free and easy; welcome.
	Adv. amicably &c. adj.; with open arms; sans ceremonie[Fr]; arm in arm.
	Phr. amicitia semper prodest [Lat][Seneca]; " a mystic bond of brotherhood makes all men one " [Carlyle]; " friendship is love without either flowers or veil " [Hare]; trulgus amicitias utilitate probat [Lat][Ovid].

M8.3.1.1.2  enmity  {{has_property(enemy, R891, P2.3.2.3.2.4.29)}} 
	#889. Enmity. -- N. {{has_property(enemy, R891)}} enmity, hostility; unfriendliness &c. adj.; discord &c. 713; bitterness, rancor.
	alienation, estrangement; dislike &c. 867; hate &c. 898.
	heartburning[obs3]; animosity &c. 900; malevolence &c. 907.
	V. be inimical &c. adj.; keep at arm's length, hold at arm's length; be at loggerheads; bear malice &c. 907; fall out; take umbrage &c. 900; harden the heart, alienate, estrange.
	[not friendly, but not hostile see indifference 866].
	Adj. inimical, unfriendly, hostile; at enmity, at variance, at daggers drawn,at open war with; up in arms against; in bad odor with.
	on bad terms, not on speaking terms; cool; cold, cold hearted; estranged, alienated, disaffected, irreconcilable.

<--  R890, Friend, and R891, Enemy are moved to character , 
P2.3.2.3.2.4.28 Friend (R890)
P2.3.2.3.2.4.29 Enemy (R891) 
--> 
M8.3.1.1.3  sociality  
	#892. Sociality. -- N. sociality, sociability, sociableness &c. adj.; social intercourse; consociation[obs3]; intercourse, intercommunity[obs3]; consortship[obs3], companionship, comradeship; clubbism[obs3]; esprit de corps.
	conviviality; good fellowship, good company; joviality, jollity, savoir vivre[Fr], festivity, festive board, merrymaking; loving cup[obs2]; hospitality, heartiness; cheer.
	welcome, welcomeness; greeting; hearty welcome, hearty reception, warm reception; urbanity &c. (courtesy) 894; familiarity.
	good fellow, jolly fellow; bon enfant[Fr], bawcock[obs3].
	social circle, family circle; circle of acquaintance, coterie, society, company. social gathering, social reunion; assembly &c. (assemblage) 72; barbecue [U. S.], bee; corn-husking [U. S.], corn-shucking [U. S.]; house raising, barn raising; husking, husking-bee [U. S.]; infare[obs3].
	party, entertainment, reception, levee, at, home, conversazione[It], soiree, matinee; evening party, morning party, afternoon party, bridge party, garden party, surprise  party; kettle, kettle drum; partie carree[Fr], dish of tea, ridotto[obs3], rout[obs2]; housewarming; ball, festival &c; smoker, smoker-party;sociable [U.S.], stag party, hen party, tamasha[obs2]; tea-party, tea-fight*. (amusement) 840; " the feast of reason and the flow of soul " [Pope].
	[parties for specific occasions] birthday party, Christmas party, New Year's Eve party, Thanksgiving Day Dinner; bonenkai[Japan]; wedding reception.
	visiting; round of visits; call, morning call; interview &c. (conversation) 588; assignation; tryst, trysting place; appointment.
	club &c. (association) 712.
	V. be sociable &c. adj.; know; be acquainted &c. adj.; associate with, sort with, keep company with, walk hand in hand with; eat off the same trencher, club together, consort, bear one company, join; make acquaintance with &c. (friendship) 888; make advances, fraternize, embrace.
	be at home with, feel at home with, make oneself at home with; make free with; crack a bottle with; receive hospitality, live at free quarters; find the latchstring out [U.S.]. visit, pay a visit; interchange visits, interchange cards; call at, call  upon; leave a card; drop in, look in; look one up, beat up one's quarters.
	entertain; give a party &c. n.; be at home, see one's friends, hang out, keep open house, do the honors; receive, receive with open arms; welcome; give a warm reception &c. n. to kill the fatted calf.
	Adj. sociable, companionable, clubbable, conversable[obs3], cosy, cosey[obs3], chatty,, conversational; homiletical.
	convivial; festive, festal; jovial, jolly, hospitable.
	welcome, welcome as the roses in May;  fêted, entertained.
	free and easy, hall fellow well met, familiar, on visiting terms, acquainted. 
	social, neighborly; international; gregarious.
	Adv. en famille[Fr], in the family circle; sans façon, sans ceremonie[Fr]; arm in arm.
	Phr. " a crowd is not company " [Bacon]; " be bright and jovial among your guests tonight " [Macbeth]; " his worth is warrant for his welcome " [Two Gentlemen]; " let's be red with mirth " [Winter's Tale]; " welcome the coming speed the parting guest " [Pope].

M8.3.1.1.4  Seclusion, Exclusion  
	#893. Seclusion. Exclusion. -- N. seclusion, privacy; retirement; reclusion, recess; snugness &c. adj.; delitescence[obs3]; rustication, rus in urbe[Lat]; solitude; solitariness &c. (singleness) 87; isolation; loneliness &c. adj.; estrangement from the world, voluntary exile; aloofness.
	cell, hermitage; convent &c. 1000; sanctum sanctorum[Lat].
	depopulation, desertion, desolation; wilderness &c. (unproductive) 169; howling wilderness; rotten borough, Old Sarum.
	exclusion, excommunication, banishment, exile, ostracism, proscription; cut, cut direct; dead cut.
	inhospitality[obs3], inhospitableness &c. adj.; dissociability[obs3]; domesticity, Darby and Joan.
	recluse, hermit, eremite, cenobite; anchoret[obs3], anchorite; Simon Stylites[obs3]; troglodyte, Timon of Athens[obs3], Santon[obs3], solitaire, ruralist[obs3], disciple of Zimmermann, closet cynic, Diogenes; outcast, Pariah, castaway, pilgarlic[obs3]; wastrel, foundling, wilding[obs3].
	V. be secluded , live secluded &c. adj.; keep aloof, stand, hold oneself aloof, keep in the background, stand in the background; keep snug; shut oneself up; deny oneself, seclude oneself creep into a corner, rusticate, aller planter ses choux[Fr]; retire, retire from the world; take the veil; abandon &c. 624; sport one's oak*.
	cut, cut dead; refuse to associate with, refuse to acknowledge; look cool upon, turn one's back upon, shut the door upon;, repel, blackball, excommunicate, exclude, exile, expatriate; banish, outlaw, maroon, ostracize, proscribe, cut off from, send to Coventry, keep at arm's length, draw a cordon round.
	depopulate; dispeople[obs3], unpeople[obs3].
	Adj. secluded, sequestered, retired, delitescent[obs3], private, bye; out of the world, out of the way; " the world forgetting by the world forgot " [Pope].
	snug, domestic, stay-at-home.
	unsociable; unsocial, dissocial[obs3]; inhospitable, cynical, inconversable[obs1], unclubbable, sauvage[Fr], troglodytic.
	solitary; lonely, lonesome; isolated, single.
	estranged; unfrequented; uninhabitable, uninhabited; tenantless; abandoned; deserted, deserted in one's utmost need; unfriended[obs3]; kithless[obs3], friendless, homeless; lorn[obs3], forlorn, desolate.
	unvisited, unintroduced[obs3], uninvited, unwelcome; under a cloud, left to shift for oneself, derelict, outcast.
	banished &c. v.
	Phr. noli me tangere[Lat].
	" among them but not of them " [Byron]; " and homeless near a thousand homes I stood " [Wordsworth]; far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife [Gray]; " makes a solitude and calls it peace " [Byron]; magna civitas magna solitudo [Lat]; " never less alone than when alone " [Rogers]; " O sacred solitude! divine retreat! " [Young].

M8.3.1.1.5  Courtesy
	#894. Courtesy. -- N. courtesy; respect &c. 928; good manners, good behavior, good  breeding; manners; politeness &c. adj.; bienseance, urbanity, comity, gentility, breeding, polish, presence; civility, civilization; amenity, suavity; good temper, good humor; amiability, easy temper, complacency, soft tongue, mansuetude; condescension &c. (humility) 879; affability, complaisance, prevenance, amability[obs3], gallantry; pink of politeness, pink of courtesy.
	compliment; fair words, soft words, sweet words; honeyed phrases, ceremonial; ,salutation, reception, presentation, introduction, accueil[obs3], greeting, recognition; welcome, abord[obs1], respects, devoir, regards, remembrances; kind regards, kind remembrances; love, best love, duty; empty encomium, flattering remark, hollow commendation; salaams.
	obeisance &c. (reverence) 928; bow, courtesy, curtsy, scrape, salaam, kotow[obs3], kowtow, bowing and scraping; kneeling; genuflection &c. (worship) 990; obsequiousness &c. 886; capping, shaking hands, &c. v.; grip of the hand, embrace, hug, squeeze, accolade, loving cup, vin d'honneur[Fr], pledge; love token &c. (endearment) 902; kiss, buss, salute.
	mark of recognition, nod; "nods and becks and wreathed smiles" [Milton]; valediction &c. 293; condolence &c. 915.
	V. be courteous &c. adj.; show courtesy &c. n.
	mind one's P's and Q's, behave oneself, be all things to all men, conciliate, speak one fair, take in good part; make the amiable, do the amiable; look as if butter would not melt in one's mouth; mend one's manners.
	receive, do the honors, usher, greet, hail, bid welcome; welcome, welcome with open arms; shake hands; hold out the hand, press the hand, squeeze the hand, press the flesh; bid Godspeed; speed the parting guest; cheer, serenade.
	salute; embrace &c. (endearment) 902; kiss, kiss hands; drink to, pledge, hob and nob[obs3]; move to, nod to; smile upon.
	uncover, cap; touch the hat, take off the hat; doff the cap; present arms; make way for; bow; make one's bow, make a leg; scrape, curtsy, courtesy; bob a curtsy, bob a courtesy; kneel; bow the knee, bend the knee.
	visit, wait upon, present oneself, pay one's respects, pay a visit &c. (sociability) 892; dance attendance on &c. (servility) 886; pay attentions to; do homage to &c. (respect) 928.
	prostrate oneself &c. (worship) 990.
	give one's duty to, send one's duty to, &c. n.
	render polite &c. adj.; polish, civilize, humanize.
	Adj. courteous, polite, civil, mannerly, urbane; well-behaved, well-mannered, well-bred, well-brought up; good-mannered, polished, civilized, cultivated; refined &c. (taste) 850; gentlemanlike &c. (fashion) 852[obs3]; gallant; on one's good behavior.
	fine spoken, fair spoken, soft-spoken; honey-mouthed, honey-tongued; oily, bland; obliging, conciliatory, complaisant, complacent; obsequious &c. 886.
	ingratiating, winning; gentle, mild; good-humored, cordial, gracious, affable, familiar; neighborly.
	diplomatic, tactful, politic; artful &c. 702.
	Adv. courteously &c. adj.; with a good grace; with open arms, with outstretched  arms; a bras ouverts[Fr]; suaviter in modo[Fr], in good humor.
	Int. hail! welcome! well met! ave! all hail! good day, good  morrow! Godspeed! pax vobiscum[Lat]! may your shadow never be less!
	Phr. Tien de plus estimable que la ceremonie[Fr]; " the very pink of courtesy " [Romeo and Juliet].

M8.3.1.1.6  Discourtesy
	#895. Discourtesy.-- N. discourtesy;ill breeding; ill manners, bad manners, ungainly manners; insuavity[obs3]; uncourteousness &c.adj[obs3].; rusticity, inurbanity[obs3]; illiberality, incivility displacency[obs3].
	disrespect &c. 929; procacity[obs3], impudence: barbarism, barbarity; misbehavior, brutality, blackguardism[obs3], conduct unbecoming a gentleman, grossierete, brusquerie[obs3]; vulgarity, &c. 851.
	churlishness &c. adj.; spinosity[obs3], perversity,; moroseness &c. (sullenness) 901a. sternness &c. adj.; austerity,; moodishness[obs3], captiousness &c. 901; cynicism; tartness &c. adj.; acrimony, acerbity, virulence, asperity.
	scowl, black looks, frown; short answer, rebuff; hard words, contumely; unparliamentary language, personality.
	bear, bruin, brute, blackguard, beast; unlicked cub[obs3]; frump, crosspatch[obs3]; saucebox &c. 887[obs3]; crooked stick; grizzly.
	V. be -rude &c. adj.; insult &c. 929; treat with discourtesy; take a name in vain; make bold with, make free with; take a liberty; stare out of countenance, ogle, point at, put to the blush.
	cut; turn one's back upon, turn on one's heel; give the cold shoulder; keep at a distance, keep at arm's length; look cool upon, look coldly upon, look black upon; show the door to, send away with a flea in the ear.
	lose one's temper &c. (resentment) 900; sulk &c. 90la; frown, scowl, glower, pout; snap, snarl, growl.
	render rude &c. adj.; brutalize, brutify[obs3].
	Adj. discourteous, uncourteous[obs3]; uncourtly[obs3]; ill-bred, ill-mannered, ill-behaved, ill-conditioned; unbred; unmannerly, unmannered; impolite, unpolite[obs3]; unpolished, uncivilized, ungenteel; ungentleman-like, ungentlemanly; unladylike; blackguard; vulgar &c. 851; dedecorous[obs3]; foul-mouthed foul-spoken; abusive.
	uncivil, ungracious, unceremonious; cool; pert, forward, obtrusive, impudent, rude, saucy, precocious.
	repulsive; uncomplaisant[obs3], unaccommodating, unneighborly, ungallant; inaffable[obs3]; ungentle, ungainly; rough, rugged, bluff, blunt, gruff; churlish, boorish, bearish; brutal, brusque; stern, harsh, austere; cavalier.
	taint, sour, crabbed, sharp, short, trenchant, sarcastic, biting, doggish, caustic, virulent, bitter, acrimonious, venomous, contumelious; snarling &c. v.; surly, surly as a bear; perverse; grim, sullen &c. 901a; peevish &c. (irascible) 901.
	untactful, impolitic, undiplomatic; artless &c. 703.
	Adv. discourteously &c. adj.; with discourtesy &c. n., with a bad grace.

M8.3.1.1.7  Congratulation
	#896. Congratulation. -- N. congratulation, gratulation[obs3]; felicitation; salute &c. 894; condolence &c. 915; compliments of the season.
	V. congratulate, gratulate[obs3]; felicitate; give one joy, wish one joy; compliment; tender one's congratulations, offer one's congratulations; wish many happy returns of the day, wish  a merry Christmas and a happy new year.
	praise,laud (commendation) 931.
	congratulate oneself &c. (rejoice) 838.
	Adj. congratulatory, gratulatory[obs3].
	Phr. " I wish you all the joy that you can wish " [Merchant of Venice]; best wishes.

M8.3.1.1.8  Love
	#897. Love. -- N. love; fondness &c. adj.; liking; inclination &c. (desire) 865; regard, dilection[obs1], admiration, fancy.
	affection, sympathy, fellow-feeling; tenderness &c. adj.; heart, brotherly love; benevolence &c. 906; attachment.
	yearning, <gr/eros/gr>, tender passion, amour; gyneolatry[obs3]; gallantry, passion, flame, devotion, fervor, enthusiasm, transport of love, rapture, enchantment, infatuation, adoration, idolatry.
	Cupid, Venus; myrtle; true lover's knot; love token,  love suit, love affair, love tale, love story; the, old story, plighted love; courtship &c. 902; amourette[obs3]; free love.
	maternal love, <gr/storge/gr>[Grk], parental love; young love, puppy love.
	attractiveness; popularity,; favorite &c.against.
	fierce, wild, rageful[obs3], furious, mad with rage, fiery, infuriate, rabid, savage; relentlessin, young man, flame, love, truelove; leman[obs3], Lothario, gallant, paramour, amoroso[obs3], cavaliere servente[It], captive, cicisbeo[obs3]; caro sposo[It].
	inamorata, ladylove, idol, darling, duck, Dulcinea, angel, goddess, cara sposa[It].
	betrothed, affianced, fiancee.
	flirt, coquette; amorette[obs3]; pair of turtle-doves; abode of love, agapemone[obs3].
	V. love, like, affect, fancy, care for, take an interest in, be partial to, sympathize with; affection; be in love &c. with adj. ; have a love &c. n. for, entertain a love &c. n. for, harbor  cherish a love &c. n. for; regard, revere; take to, bear love to, be wedded to; set one's affections on; make much of, feast one's eyes on; hold dear, prize; hug, cling to, cherish, pet.
	burn; adore, idolize, love to distraction, aimer eperdument[Fr]; dote on, dote upon; take a fancy to, look sweet upon; become enamored &c. adj.; fall in love with, lose one's heart; desire &c. 865.
	excite love; win the heart, gain the heart, win the affections, gain the affections, secure the love, engage the affections; take the fancy of have a place in the heart, wind round the heart; attract, attach, endear, charm, fascinate, captivate, bewitch, seduce, enamor, enrapture, turn the head.
	get into favor; ingratiate oneself, insinuate oneself, worm oneself; propitiate, curry favor with, pay one's court to, faire l'aimable[Fr], set one's cap at, flirt.
	Adj. loving &c. v.; fond of; taken with, struck with; smitten, bitten; attached to, wedded to; enamored; charmed &c. v.; in love; love-sick; over head and ears in love, head over heels in love.
	affectionate, tender, sweet upon, sympathetic, loving; amorous, amatory; fond, erotic, uxorious, ardent, passionate, rapturous, devoted, motherly.
	loved &c. v. beloved well beloved, dearly beloved; dear, precious, darling, pet, little; favorite, popular.
	congenial;  after one's mind, after one's taste, after one's fancy, after one's own heart, to one's mind, to one's taste, to one's fancy, to one's own heart.
	in one's good graces &c. (friendly) 888; dear as the apple of one's eye, nearest to one's heart.
	lovable, adorable; lovely, sweet; attractive, seductive, winning; charming, engaging, interesting, enchanting, captivating, fascinating, bewitching; amiable, like an angel.
	Phr. amantes amentes [Lat][Terence]; credula res amor est [Lat][Ovid]; militat omnis amasius [Lat][Ovid]; love conquers all, omnia vincit amor [Lat][Vergil]; si vis amari ama [obs3][Lat][Seneca]; " the sweetest joy, the wildest woe " [Bailey].

M8.3.1.1.9  Hate
	#898. Hate. -- N. hate, hatred, vials of hate.
	disaffection, disfavor; alienation, estrangement, coolness; enmity &c. 889; animosity &c. 900.
	umbrage, pique, grudge; dudgeon, spleen bitterness, bitterness of feeling; ill blood, bad blood; acrimony; malice &c. 907; implacability &c. (revenge) 919.
	repugnance &c. (dislike) 867; misanthropy, demonophobia[obs3], gynephobia[obs3], negrophobia[obs3]; odium, unpopularity; detestation, antipathy; object of hatred, object of execration; abomination, aversion, bête noire; enemy &c. 891; bitter pill; source of annoyance &c. 830.
	V. hate, detest, abominate, abhor, loathe; recoil at, shudder at; shrink from, view with horror, hold in abomination, revolt against, execrate;scowl &c. 895; disrelish &c. (dislike) 867.
	owe a grudge; bear spleen, bear a grudge, bear malice &c. (malevolence) 907; conceive an aversion to, take a dislike to.
	excite hatred, provoke hatred &c. n.; be hateful &c. adj.; stink in the nostrils; estrange, alienate, repel, set against, sow dissension, set by the ears, envenom, incense, irritate, rile; horrify &c. 830; roil.
	Adj. hating &c. v.; abhorrent; averse from &c. (disliking) 867; set against.
	bitter &c. (acrimonious) 895 implacable &c. (revengeful) 919.
unloved, unbeloved, unlamented, undeplored, unmourned[obs3], uncared for, unendeared[obs3], un-valued; disliked &c. 867.
	crossed in love, forsaken, rejected, lovelorn, jilted.
	obnoxious, hateful, odious, abominable, repulsive, offensive, shocking; disgusting &c. (disagreeable) 830; reprehensible.
	invidious, spiteful; malicious &c. 907.
	insulting, irritating, provoking.
	[Mutual hate]  at daggers drawn; not on speaking terms &c. (enmity) 889; at loggerheads.
	Phr. no love lost between.

M8.3.1.1.10  Favorite
	#899. Favorite. -- N. favorite, pet, cosset, minion, idol, jewel, spoiled child, enfant gate[Fr]; led captain; crony; fondling; apple of one's eye, man after one's own heart; persona grata.
	[person who is a favorite (terms of address)] love, dear, darling, duck, duckey, honey, sugar, jewel; mopsey[obs3], moppet, princess; sweetheart, sweetie &c. (love) 897.
	teacher's pet.
	general favorite, universal favorite; idol of the people.

<--
Resentment R900     Moved to M8.3.4 retrospective sympatheteic affections       M8.3.4.3   Resentment    (R900)   

-->

M8.3.1.1.12  Irascibility  
	#901. Irascibility. -- N. irascibility, irascibleness, temper; crossness &c. adj.; susceptibility, procacity, petulance, irritability, tartness, acerbity, protervity; pugnacity &c. (contentiousness) 720.
	excitability &c. 825; bad temper, fiery temper, crooked temper, irritable &c. adj. temper; genus irritabile[Lat], hot blood.
	ill humor &c. (sullenness) 901a; asperity &c., churlishness &c. (discourtesy) 895.
	huff &c. (resentment) 900; a word and a blow.
	Sir Fretful Plagiary; brabbler[obs3], Tartar; shrew, vixen, virago, termagant, dragon, scold, Xantippe; porcupine; spitfire; fire eater &c. (blusterer) 887; fury &c. (violent person) 173.
	V. be irascible &c. adj.; have a temper &c. n., have a devil in one; fire up &c. (be angry) 900.
	Adj. irascible; bad-tempered, ill-tempered; irritable, susceptible; excitable &c. 825; thin-skinned &c. (sensitive) 822; fretful, fidgety; on the fret.
	hasty, overhasty, quick, warm, hot, testy, touchy, techy[obs3], tetchy; like touchwood, like tinder; huffy,; pettish, petulant; waspish, snappish, peppery, fiery, passionate, choleric, shrewish, " sudden and quick in quarrel " [As You Like It].
	querulous, captious, moodish[obs3]; quarrelsome, contentious, disputatious; pugnacious &c. (bellicose) 720; cantankerous, exceptious[obs3]; restiff &c. (perverse) 901a[obs3]; churlish &c. (discourteous) 895.
	cross, cross as crabs, cross as two sticks, cross as a cat, cross as a dog, cross as the tongs; fractious, peevish, acariâtre[obs3].
in a bad temper; sulky &c. 901a; angry &c. 900. resentful, resentive[obs3]; vindictive &c. 919.
	Int. pish!
	Phr. a vieux comptes nouvelles disputes[Fr]; quamvis tegatur proditur vultu furor [Lat][Seneca]; vino tortus et ira [Lat][Horace].

M8.3.1.1.13   Sullenness
	#901a. Sullenness. -- N. sullenness &c. adj.; morosity[obs3], spleen; churlishness &c. (discourtesy) 895; irascibility &c. 901.
	moodiness &c. adj.; perversity; obstinacy &c. 606; torvity[obs1], spinosity[obs3]; crabbedness &c. adj.
	ill temper, bad temper, ill humor, bad humor; sulks, dudgeon, mumps[obs3], dumps, doldrums, fit of the sulks, bouderie[Fr], black looks, scowl; grouch; huff &c. (resentment) 900.
	V. be sullen &c. adj.; sulk; frown, scowl, lower, glower, gloam[obs3], pout, have a hangdog look, glout[obs3].
	Adj. sullen, sulky; ill-tempered, ill-humored, ill-affected, ill-disposed; grouty [obs3][U. S.]; in an ill temper, in a bad temper, in a shocking temper, in an ill humor, in a bad humor, in a shocking humor; out of temper, out of humor; knaggy[obs3], torvous[obs3], crusty, crabbed; sour, sour as a crab; surly &c. (discourteous) 895.
	moody,; spleenish[obs3], spleenly[obs3]; splenetic, cankered.
	cross, crossgrained[obs3]; perverse, wayward, humorsome[obs3]; restiff[obs3], restive; cantankerous, intractable, exceptious[obs3], sinistrous[obs3], deaf to reason, unaccommodating, rusty, froward; cussed [U. S.].
	dogged &c. (stubborn) 606.
	grumpy, glum, grim, grum[obs3], morose, frumpish; in the sulks &c. n.; out of sorts; scowling, glowering, growling; grouchy.
peevish &c. (irascible) 901.

M8.3.1.1.14  Endearment
	#902. [Expression of affection or love.] Endearment. -- N. endearment, caress; blandishment, blandiment[obs1]; epanchement, fondling, billing and cooing, dalliance, making out, necking, petting, sporting, sparking, hanky-panky; caressing.
	embrace, salute, kiss, buss, smack, osculation, deosculation[obs1]; amorous glances.
	courtship, courting, wooing, suit, addresses, the soft impeachment; lovemaking; serenading; caterwauling.
	flirting &c. v.; flirtation, gallantry; coquetry.
	true lover's knot, plighted love; love tale, love token, love letter; billet-doux, valentine.
	honeymoon; Strephon and Chloe[obs3].
	V. caress, fondle, pet, dandle; pat, pat on the head, pat on the cheek; chuck under the chin, smile upon, coax, wheedle, cosset, coddle, cocker, cockle; make of, make much of; cherish, foster, kill with kindness.
	clasp, hug, cuddle; fold in one's arms, strain in one's arms; nestle, nuzzle; embrace, kiss, buss, smack, blow a kiss; salute &c. (courtesy) 894; fold to the heart, press to the bosom.
	bill and coo, spoon, toy, dally, flirt, coquet; gallivant, galavant; philander; make love; pay one's court to, pay one's addresses to, pay one's attentions to; serenade; court, woo, pitch woo; set one's cap at; be sweet upon, look sweet upon; ogle, cast sheep's eyes upon; faire les yeux doux[Fr].
	fall in love with, win the affections &c. (love) 897; die for.
	propose, propose marriage; make an offer, have an offer; pop the question; plight one's troth, plight one's faith.
	Adj. caressing &c. v.; " sighing like furnace " [Shakespeare]; love-sick, spoony.
	caressed &c. v.
	Phr. " faint heart neer won fair lady"; "kisses honeyed by oblivion " [G. Eliot].

M8.3.1.1.15  Marriage  (R903)  
	#903. Marriage. -- N. marriage, matrimony, wedlock, union, intermarriage, miscegenation, the bonds of marriage, vinculum matrimonii[Lat], nuptial tie.
	married state, coverture, bed, cohabitation.
	match; betrothment &c. (promise) 768; wedding, nuptials, Hymen, bridal; espousals, spousals; leading to the altar &c. v.; nuptial benediction, epithalamium[obs3]; sealing.
	torch of Hymen, temple of Hymen; hymeneal altar; honeymoon.
	bridesmaid, bridesman[obs3], best man; bride, bridegroom. married man, married  woman, married  couple; neogamist[obs3], Benedict, partner, spouse, mate, yokemate[obs3]; husband, man, consort, baron; old man, good man; wife of one's bosom; helpmate, rib, better half, gray mare, old woman, old lady, good wife, goodwife.
	feme[Fr], feme coverte[Fr]; squaw, lady; matron, matronage, matronhood[obs3]; man and wife; wedded pair, Darby and Joan; spiritual wife.
	monogamy, bigamy, digamy[obs3], deuterogamy[obs3], trigamy[obs3], polygamy; mormonism; levirate[obs3]; spiritual wifery[obs3], spiritual wifeism[obs3]; polyandrism[obs3]; Turk, bluebeard[obs3].
	unlawful marriage, left-handed marriage, morganatic marriage, ill-assorted marriage; mesalliance; mariage de convenance[Fr].
	marriage broker; matrimonial agency, matrimonial agent, matrimonial bureau, matchmaker; schatchen[Ger].
	V. marry, wive, take to oneself a wife; be married, be spliced; go off, pair off; wed, espouse, get hitched[U.S. slang], lead to the hymeneal altar, take "for better for worse", give one's hand to, bestow one's hand upon.
	marry, join, handfast[obs3]; couple &c. (unit) 43; tie the nuptial knot; give away, give away in marriage; seal; ally, affiance; betroth &c. (promise) 768; publish the banns, bid the banns; be asked in church.
	Adj. married &c. v.; one, one bone and one flesh. marriageable, nubile.
	engaged, betrothed, affianced.
	matrimonial, marital, conjugal, connubial, wedded; nuptial, hymeneal, spousal, bridal.
	Phr. the gray mare the better horse; " a world-without-end bargain " [Love's Labor's Lost]; "marriages are made in Heaven " [Tennyson]; " render me worthy of this noble wife " [Julius Caesar]; si qua voles apte nubere nube pari [Lat][Ovid].

M8.3.1.1.16  Celibacy
	#904. Celibacy. -- N. celibacy, singleness, single blessedness; bachelorhood, bachelorship[obs3]; misogamy[obs3], misogyny.
	virginity, pucelage[obs3]; maidenhood, maidenhead.
	unmarried man, bachelor, Coelebs, agamist[obs3], old bachelor; misogamist[obs3], misogynist; monogamist; monk.
	unmarried woman, spinster; maid, maiden;,virgin, feme sole[Fr], old maid; bachelor girl, girl-bachelor; nun.
	V. live single, live alone.
	Adj. unmarried, unwed, unwedded[obs3]; wifeless, spouseless[obs3]; single.

M8.3.1.1.17  Divorce
	#905. Divorce. -- N. divorce, divorcement; separation; judicial separation, separate maintenance; separatio a mensa et thoro[Lat], separatio a vinculo matrimonii [Lat].
	trial separation, breakup; annulment.
	widowhood, viduity[obs3], weeds.
	widow, widower; relict; dowager; divorcee; cuckold; grass widow, grass widower; merry widow.
	V. live separate; separate, divorce, disespouse[obs3], put away; wear the horns.

M8.3.1.2   judgmental emotionS regarding people R928 to R938  [[sentiments]]
<-- relocated from "moral sentiments"  M9.3.2  -->
<--   		928.	Respect					929. Disrespect
										930. Contempt
			931.	Approbation				932. Disapprobation
			933.	Flattery					934. Detraction
     NOte: R35.	Flatterer   and R936. Detractor to person  
        P2.3.2.3.2.5.19   Flatterer;    P2.3.2.3.2.5.20   Detractor
			937.	Vindication				938. Accusation  -->

	#928. Respect. -- N. respect, regard, consideration; courtesy &c. 894; attention, deference, reverence, honor, esteem, estimation, veneration, admiration; approbation &c. 931.
	homage, fealty, obeisance, genuflection, kneeling prostration; obsequiousness &c. 886; salaam, kowtow, bow, presenting arms, salute.
	respects, regards, duty, devoirs, egards.
	devotion &c. (piety) 987.
	V. respect, regard; revere, reverence; hold in reverence, honor, venerate, hallow; esteem &c. (approve of) 931; think much of; entertain respect for, bear respect for; look up to, defer to; have a high opinion of, hold a high opinion of; pay attention, pay respect &c. n.  to; do honor to, render honor to; do the honors, hail; show courtesy &c. 894; salute, present arms; do homage to, pay homage to; pay tribute to, kneel to, bow to, bend the knee to; fall down before, prostrate oneself, kiss the hem of one's garment; worship &c. 990.
	keep one's distance, make room, observe due decorum, stand upon ceremony.
	command respect, inspire respect; awe, inspire awe, impose, overawe, dazzle.
	Adj. respecting &c. v.; respectful, deferential, decorous, reverential, obsequious, ceremonious, bareheaded, cap in hand, on one's knees; prostrate &c. (servile) 886.
	respected &c. v.; in high esteem, in high estimation; time-honored, venerable, emeritus.
	Adv. in deference to; with all respect, with all due respect,  with due respect, with the highest respect; with submission.
	saving your grace, saving your presence; salva sit reverentia[Lat]; pace tanti nominis[Lat].
	Int. hail! all hail! esto perpetua[Lat]! may your shadow never be less!
	Phr. "and pluck up drowned honor by the locks" [Henry IV]; "his honor rooted in dishonor stood" [Tennyson]; "honor pricks me on" [Henry IV].

	#929. Disrespect. -- N. disrespect, disesteem, disestimation[obs3]; disparagement &c. (dispraise) 932, (detraction) 934.
	irreverence; slight, neglect, spretae injuria formae [Lat][Vergil], superciliousness &c. (contempt) 930.
	vilipendency[obs1], vilification, contumely, affront, dishonor, insult, indignity, outrage, discourtesy &c. 895; practical joking; scurrility, scoffing, sibilance, hissing, sibilation; irrision[obs3]; derision.
	sarcasm, mockery, ridicule.
	[ref: irony &c. (ridicule) R856, @M3.3.2.2 discriminative affections].
	{{similar_to(sarcasm): metaphor, R521, @M8.1.1 Nature of ideas communicated}}.
	hiss, hoot, boo, gibe, flout, jeer, scoff, gleek[obs1], taunt, sneer, quip, fling, wipe, slap in the face.
	V. hold in disrespect &c. (despise) 930; misprize, disregard, slight, trifle with, set at naught, pass by, push aside, overlook, turn one's back upon, laugh in one's sleeve; be disrespectful &c. adj., be discourteous &c. 895; treat with disrespect &c.n.; set down, put down, browbeat.
	dishonor, desecrate; insult, affront, outrage.
	speak slightingly of; disparage &c. (dispraise) 932; vilipend[obs3], vilify, call names; throw dirt, fling dirt; drag through the mud, point at, indulge in personalities; make mouths, make faces; bite the thumb; take by the beard; pluck by the beard; toss in a blanket, tar and feather.
	have in derision; hold in derision; deride, scoff, barrack, sneer, laugh at, snigger, ridicule, gibe, mock, jeer,  hiss, hoot, taunt, twit, niggle[obs3], gleek[obs2], gird, flout, fleer[obs3]; roast, turn into ridicule; burlesque &c. 856; laugh to scorn &c. (contempt) 930; smoke; fool; make game of, make a fool of, make an April fool of[obs3]; play a practical joke; lead one a dance, run the rig upon, have a fling at, scout; mob.
	Adj. disrespectful; aweless, irreverent; disparaging &c. 934; insulting &c. v.; supercilious, contemptuous, patronizing  &c. (scornful) 930; rude, derisive, sarcastic; scurrile, scurrilous; contumelious.
	unrespected[obs3], unworshiped[obs3], unenvied[obs3], unsaluted[obs3]; unregarded[obs3], disregarded.
	Adv. disrespectfully &c. adj.

	#930. Contempt. -- N. contempt, disdain, scorn, sovereign contempt; despisal[obs3], despiciency[obs3]; despisement[obs3]; vilipendency[obs2], contumely; slight, sneer, spurn, by-word; despect[obs3].
	contemptuousness &c. adj.; scornful eye; smile of contempt; derision &c. (disrespect) 929.  despisedness[obs3][State of being despised].
	V. despise, contemn, scorn, disdain, feel contempt for, view with a scornful eye; disregard, slight, not mind; pass by &c. (neglect) 460.
	look down upon; hold cheap, hold in contempt, hold in disrespect; think nothing of, think small beer of; make light of; underestimate &c. 483; esteem slightly, esteem of small or no account; take no account of, care nothing for; set no store by; not care a straw, sneeze at  &c. (unimportance) 643; set at naught, laugh in one's sleeve, laugh up one's sleeve, snap one;s fingers at, shrug one's shoulders, turn up one's nose at, pooh-pooh, "damn with faint praise" [Pope];  whistle at, sneer at; curl up one's lip, toss the head, traiter de haut enbas[Fr]; laugh at &c. (be disrespectful) 929.
	point the finger of scorn, hold up to scorn, laugh to scorn; scout, hoot, flout, hiss, scoff at.
	turn one's back upon, turn a cold shoulder upon; tread upon, trample upon, trample under foot; spurn, kick; fling to the winds &c. (repudiate) 610; send away with a flea in the ear.
	Adj. contemptuous; disdainful, scornful; withering, contumelious, supercilious, cynical, haughty, bumptious, cavalier; derisive.
	contemptible, despicable; pitiable; pitiful &c. (unimportant) 643; despised &c. v.; downtrodden; unenvied[obs3].
	unrespectable (unworthy) 874.
	Adv. contemptuously &c. adj.
	Int. a fig for &c. (unimportant) 643; bah! never mind! away with! hang it! fiddlededee!
	Phr. "a dismal universal hiss, the sound of public scorn" [Paradise Lost]; "I had rather be a dog and bay the moon than such a Roman" [Julius Caesar].

	#931. Approbation. -- N. approbation; approval, approvement[obs3]; sanction, advocacy; nod of approbation; esteem, estimation, good opinion, golden opinions, admiration; love &c. 897; appreciation, regard, account, popularity, <gr/kudos/gr>, credit; repute &c. 873; best seller.
	commendation, praise; laud, laudation; good word; meed of praise, tribute of praise; encomium; eulogy, eulogium[obs3]; eloge[Fr], panegyric; homage, hero worship; benediction, blessing, benison.
	applause, plaudit, clap; clapping, clapping of hands; acclaim, acclamation; cheer; paean, hosannah; shout of applause, peal of applause, chorus of applause, chorus of praise  &c.; Prytaneum.
	V. approve; approbate[obs3][1],  think good, think much of, think well of, think highly of; esteem, value, prize; set great store by, set great store on.
	do justice to, appreciate; honor, hold in esteem, look up to, admire; like &c. 897; be in favor of, wish Godspeed; hail, hail with satisfaction.
	stand up for, stick up for; uphold, hold up, countenance, sanction; clap on the back, pat on the back; keep in countenance, indorse; give credit, recommend; mark with a white mark, mark with a stone.
	commend, belaud[obs3], praise, laud, compliment; pay a tribute, bepraise[obs3]; clap the hands; applaud, cheer, acclamate[obs3], encore; panegyrize[obs3], eulogize, cry up, proner[Fr], puff; extol, extol to the skies; magnify, glorify, exalt, swell, make much of; flatter &c. 933; bless, give a blessing to; have a good word for, say a good word for; speak well of, speak highly of, speak in high terms of; sing the praises of, sound the praises of, chaunt the praises of; resound the praises of; sing praises to; cheer to the echo, applaud to the echo, applaud to the very echo, cheer to the very echo.
	redound to the honor, redound to the praise, redound to the credit of; do credit to; deserve praise &c.n.; recommend itself; pass muster.
	be praised &c.; receive honorable mention; be in favor with, be in high favor with; ring with the praises of, win golden opinions, gain credit, find favor with, stand well in the opinion of; laudari a laudato viro[Lat].
	Adj. approving &c. v.; in favor of; lost in admiration.
	commendatory, complimentary, benedictory[obs3], laudatory, panegyrical, eulogistic, encomiastic, lavish of praise, uncritical.
	approved, praised &c. v.; uncensured, unimpeached; popular, in good odor; in high esteem &c. (respected) 928; in favor, in high favor.
	deserving of praise, worthy of praise &c.n.; praiseworthy, commendable, of estimation; good &c. 648; meritorious, estimable, creditable, plausible, unimpeachable; beyond all praise.
	Adv. with credit, to admiration; well &c. 618; with three times three.
	Int. hear hear! bully for you! * well done! bravo! bravissimo! euge[Ger]! macte virtute[Lat]! so far so good, that's right, quite right; optime[obs3]! one cheer more; may your shadow never be less! esto perpetua[Lat]! long life to! viva! enviva[obs3]! Godspeed! valete et plaudite[Lat]! encore! bis[obs3]!
	Phr. probatum est[Lat]; tacent satis laudant[Lat]; "servant of God, well done!" [Paradise Lost].

<--
[note 1][Obsolete in England except in legal writings, but surviving in the United States chiefly in a technical sense for license. C.O.S.M.].
-->
	#932. Disapprobation. -- N. disapprobation, disapproval; improbation[obs3]; disesteem, disvaluation[obs3], displacency[obs3]; odium; dislike &c. 867.
	dispraise, discommendation[obs3]; blame, censure, obloquy; detraction &c. 934; disparagement, depreciation; denunciation; condemnation &c. 971; ostracism; black list.
	animadversion, reflection, stricture, objection, exception, criticism; sardonic grin, sardonic laugh; sarcasm, insinuation, innuendo; bad compliment, poor compliment, left-handed compliment.
	satire; sneer &c. (contempt) 930; taunt &c. (disrespect) 929; cavil, carping, censoriousness; hypercriticism &c. (fastidiousness) 868.
	reprehension, remonstrance, expostulation, reproof, reprobation, admonition, increpation[obs3], reproach; rebuke, reprimand, castigation, jobation[obs3], lecture, curtain lecture, blow up, wigging, dressing, rating, scolding, trimming; correction, set down, rap on the knuckles, coup de bec[Fr], rebuff; slap, slap on the face; home thrust, hit; frown, scowl, black look.
	diatribe; jeremiad, jeremiade; tirade, philippic.
	clamor, outcry, hue and cry; hiss, hissing; sibilance, sibilation, catcall; execration &c. 908.
	chiding, upbraiding &c. v.; exprobation[obs3], abuse, vituperation, invective, objurgation, contumely; hard words, cutting words, bitter words.
	evil-speaking; bad language &c. 908; personality.
	V. disapprove; dislike &c. 867; lament &c. 839; object to, take exception to; be scandalized at, think ill of; view with disfavor, view with dark eyes, view with jaundiced eyes; nil admirari[Lat], disvalue[obs3]; improbate[obs3].
	frown upon, look grave; bend the brows, knit the brows; shake the head at, shrug the shoulders; turn up the nose &c. (contempt) 930; look askance, look black upon; look with an evil eye; make a wry face, make a wry mouth at; set one's face against.
	dispraise, discommend[obs3], disparage; deprecate, speak ill of, not speak well of; condemn &c. (find guilty) 971.
	blame; lay blame upon, cast blame upon; censure, fronder[Fr], reproach, pass censure on, reprobate, impugn.
	remonstrate, expostulate, recriminate.
	reprehend, chide, admonish; berate, betongue[obs3]; bring to account, call to account, call over the coals, rake over the coals, call to order; take to task, reprove, lecture, bring to book; read a lesson, read a lecture to; rebuke, correct.
	reprimand, chastise, castigate, lash, blow up, trounce, trim, laver la tete[Fr], overhaul; give it one, give it one finely; gibbet.
	accuse &c. 938; impeach, denounce; hold up to reprobation, hold up to execration; expose, brand, gibbet, stigmatize; show up, pull up, take up; cry "shame" upon; be outspoken; raise a hue and cry against.
	execrate &c. 908; exprobate[obs3], speak daggers, vituperate; abuse, abuse like a pickpocket; scold, rate, objurgate, upbraid, fall foul of; jaw; rail, rail at, rail in good set terms; bark at; anathematize, call names; call by hard names, call by ugly names; avile[obs1], revile; vilify, vilipend[obs3]; bespatter; backbite; clapperclaw[obs3]; rave against, thunder against, fulminate against; load with reproaches.
	exclaim against, protest against, inveigh against, declaim against, cry out against, raise one's voice against.
	decry; cry down, run  down, frown down; clamor, hiss, hoot, mob, ostracize, blacklist; draw up a round robin, sign a round robin.
	animadvert upon, reflect upon; glance at; cast reflection, cast reproach, cast a slur upon; insinuate, damn with faint praise; "hint a fault and hesitate dislike"; not to be able to say much for.
	scoff at, point at; twit, taunt &c. (disrespect) 929; sneer at &c. (despise) 230; satirize, lampoon; defame &c. (detract) 934; depreciate, find fault with, criticize, cut up; pull to pieces, pick to pieces; take exception; cavil; peck at, nibble at, carp at; be censorious &c. adj.; pick holes, pick a hole, pick a hole in one's coat; make a fuss about.
	take down, take down a peg, set down; snub, snap one up, give a rap on the knuckles; throw a stone at, throw a stone in one's garden; have a fling, have a snap at; have words with, pluck a crow with; give one a wipe, give one a lick with the rough side of the tongue.
	incur blame, excite disapprobation, scandalize, shock, revolt; get a bad name, forfeit one's good opinion, be under a cloud, come under the ferule, bring a hornet's nest about one's ears.
	take blame, stand corrected; have to answer for.
	Adj. disapproving &c. v.; scandalized.
	disparaging, condemnatory, damnatory[obs3], denunciatory, reproachful, abusive, objurgatory[obs3], clamorous, vituperative; defamatory &c. 934.
	satirical, sarcastic, sardonic, cynical, dry, sharp, cutting, biting, severe, withering, trenchant, hard upon; censorious, critical, captious, carping, hypercritical; fastidious &c. 868; sparing of praise, grudging praise.
	disapproved, chid &c. v.; in bad odor, blown upon, unapproved; unblest[obs3]; at a discount, exploded; weighed in the balance and found wanting.
	blameworthy, reprehensible &c. (guilt) 947; to blame, worthy of blame; answerable, uncommendable, exceptionable, not to be thought of; bad &c. 649; vicious &c. 945.
	unlamented, unbewailed[obs3], unpitied[obs3].
	Adv. with a wry face; reproachfully &c. adj.
	Int. it is too bad! it won't do, it will never do! marry come up! Oh! come! 'sdeath!
	forbid it Heaven! God forbid, Heaven forbid! out upon, fie upon it! away with! tut! O tempora[obs3]! O mores! shame! fie, fie for shame! out on you!
	tell it not in Gath!

	#933. Flattery. -- N. flattery, adulation, gloze; blandishment, blandiloquence[obs3]; cajolery; fawning, wheedling &c. v.; captation[obs3], coquetry, obsequiousness, sycophancy, flunkeyism[obs3], toadeating[obs3], tuft-hunting; snobbishness.
	incense, honeyed words, flummery; bunkum, buncombe; blarney, placebo, butter; soft soap, soft sawder[obs3]; rose water.
	voice of the charmer, mouth honor; lip homage; euphemism; unctuousness &c. adj.
	V. flatter, praise to the skies, puff; wheedle, cajole, glaver[obs3], coax; fawn upon, faun upon; humor, gloze, soothe, pet, coquet, slaver, butter; jolly [U.S.]; bespatter, beslubber[obs3], beplaster[obs3], beslaver[obs3]; lay it on thick, overpraise; earwig, cog, collogue[obs3]; truckle to, pander to, pandar to[obs3], suck up to, kiss the ass of [vulgar], pay court to; court; creep into the good graces of, curry favor with, hang on the sleeve of; fool to the top of one;s bent; lick the dust.
	lay the flattering unction to one's soul, gild the pill, make things pleasant.
	overestimate &c. 482; exaggerate &c. 549.
	Adj. flattering &c. v.; adulatory; mealy-mouthed, honey-mouthed; honeyed; smooth, smooth-tongued; soapy, oily, unctuous, blandiloquent[obs3], specious; fine-spoken, fair spoken; plausible, servile, sycophantic, fulsome; courtierly[obs3], courtier-like.
	Adv. ad captandum[Lat].

	#934. Detraction. -- N. detraction, disparagement, depreciation, vilification, obloquy, scurrility, scandal, defamation, aspersion, traducement, slander, calumny, obtrectation[obs3], evil-speaking, backbiting, scandalum magnatum[Lat].
	personality, libel, lampoon, skit, pasquinade; chronique scandaleuse[Fr]; roorback [U.S.].
	sarcasm, cynicism; criticism (disapprobation) 932; invective &c. 932; envenomed tongue; spretae injuria formae[Lat].
	personality, libel, lampoon, skit, pasquinade; chronique scandaleuse[Fr]; roorback [U.S.].
	detractor &c. 936.
	V. detract, derogate, decry, deprecate, depreciate, disparage; run down, cry down; backcap [obs3][U.S.]; belittle; sneer at &c. (contemn) 930; criticize, pull to pieces, pick a hole in one's coat, asperse, cast aspersions, blow upon, bespatter, blacken, vilify, vilipend[obs3]; avile[obs1]; give a dog a bad name, brand, malign; muckrake; backbite, libel, lampoon, traduce, slander, defame, calumniate, bear false witness against; speak ill of behind one's back.
	fling dirt &c. (disrespect) 929; anathematize &c. 932; dip the pen in gall, view in a bad light.
	[disparage the motives of] impugn; assail, attack &c. 716; oppose &c. 708; denounce, accuse &c. 938.
	Adj. detracting &c.v.; defamatory, detractory[obs3], derogatory, deprecatory; catty; disparaging, libelous; scurrile, scurrilous; abusive; foul-spoken, foul-tongued, foul-mouthed; slanderous; calumnious, calumniatory[obs3]; sarcastic, sardonic; sarcastic, satirical, cynical.
	critical &c. 932.
	Phr. "damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer; and without sneering, teach the rest to sneer" [Pope]; another lie nailed to the counter; "cut men's throats with whisperings" [B. Jonson]; "foul whisperings are abroad"[Macbeth];  "soft-buzzing slander" [Thomson]; "virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes" [Hamlet].

<-- 935 flatterer and 936 detractor to person who ...
P2.3.2.3.2.5.19   Flatterer    P2.3.2.3.2.5.20   Detractor
 -->
<-- vindication and advocacy together??  -->

	#937. Vindication. -- N. vindication, justification, warrant; exoneration, exculpation; acquittal &c. 970; whitewashing.
	extenuation; palliation, palliative; softening, mitigation.
	reply, defense; recrimination &c. 938.
	apology, gloss, varnish; plea &c. 617; salvo; excuse, extenuating circumstances; allowance, allowance to be made; locus paenitentiae[Lat].
	apologist, vindicator, justifier; defendant &c. 938.
	justifiable charge, true bill.
	V. justify, warrant; be an excuse &c. n.for; lend a color, furnish a handle; vindicate; exculpate, disculpate[obs3]; acquit &c. 970; clear, set right, exonerate, whitewash; clear the skirts of.
	extenuate, palliate, excuse, soften, apologize, varnish, slur, gloze; put a gloss, put a good face upon; mince; gloss over, bolster up, help a lame dog over a stile.
	advocate, defend, plead one's cause; stand up for, stick up for, speak up for; contend for, speak for; bear out, keep in countenance, support; plead &c. 617; say in defense; plead ignorance; confess and avoid, propugn[obs3], put in a good word for.
	take the will for the deed, make allowance for, give credit for, do justice to; give one his due, give the Devil his due.
	make good; prove the truth of, prove one's case; be justified by the event.
	Adj. vindicated, vindicating &c. v.; exculpatory; apologetic.
	excusable, defensible, pardonable; venial, veniable[obs3]; specious, plausible, justifiable.
	Phr. "honi sot qui mal y pense"[Fr]; "good wine needs no bush."

	#938. Accusation. -- N. accusation, charge, imputation, slur, inculpation, exprobration[obs3], delation; crimination; incrimination, accrimination[obs3], recrimination; tu quoque argument[Lat]; invective &c. 932.
	denunciation, denouncement; libel, challenge, citation, arraignment; impeachment, appeachment[obs3]; indictment, bill of indictment, true bill; lawsuit &c. 969; condemnation &c. 971.
	gravamen of a charge, head and front of one's offending, argumentum ad hominem[Lat]; scandal &c. (detraction) 934; scandalum magnatum[Lat].
	accuser, prosecutor, plaintiff; relator, informer; appellant.
	accused, defendant, prisoner, perpetrator, panel, respondent; litigant.
	V. accuse, charge, tax, impute, twit, taunt with, reproach.
	brand with reproach; stigmatize, slur; cast a stone at, cast a slur on; incriminate, criminate; inculpate, implicate; call to account &c. (censure) 932; take to blame, take to task; put in the black book.
	inform against, indict, denounce, arraign; impeach, appeach[obs3]; have up, show up, pull up; challenge, cite, lodge a complaint; prosecute, bring an action against &c. 969; blow upon.
	charge with, saddle with; lay to one's door, lay charge; lay the blame on, bring home to; cast  in one's teeth, throw  in one's teeth; cast the first stone at.
	have a rod in pickle for, keep a rod in pickle for; have a crow to pluck with.
	trump up a charge.
	Adj. accusing &c. v.; nobleness," temporizer, trimmer.
	V. be selfish &c. adj.; please oneself, indulge oneself, coddle oneself; consult one's own wishes, consult one's own pleasure; look after one's detention; in the lockup, in the watch house, in the house of detention.
	accusable, imputable; indefensible, inexcusable; unpardonable, unjustifiable; vicious &c. 845.
	Int. look at home; tu quoque &c. (retaliation) 718[Lat].
	Phr. "the breath of accusation kills an innocent name" [Shelley]; "thou can'st not say I did it" [Macbeth].

M8.3.1.3   judgmental emotionS regarding oneself R878 to R881  [[pride]]
<--
		878.	Pride					879.	Humility
		880.	Vanity					881.	Modesty
-->
<-- pride and self-respect have a large overlap, but here pride will be considered as excessive self-respect.  Therefore R878 is split into R878a, sel-respect  -->
	#878. Pride. -- N.  pride; haughtiness &c. adj.; high notions, hauteur; vainglory, crest; arrogance &c. (assumption) 885.
	proud man, highflier[obs3]; fine gentleman, fine  lady.
	V. be proud &c. adj.; put a good face on; look one in the face; stalk abroad, perk oneself up; think no small beer of oneself; presume, swagger, strut; rear one's head, lift up one's head,  hold up one's head; hold one's head high, look big, take the wall, " bear like the Turk no rival near the throne " [Pope], carry with a high hand; ride the high horse, mount on one's high horse; set one's back up, bridle, toss the head; give oneself airs &c. (assume) 885; boast &c. 884.
	pride oneself on; glory in, take a pride in; pique oneself, plume oneself, hug oneself; stand upon, be proud of; put a good face on; not hide one's light under a bushel, not put one's talent in a napkin; not think small beer of oneself &c. (vanity) 880.
	Adj. proud, proud-crested; lordly, baronial; lofty-minded; high-souled, high-minded, high-mettled[obs3], high-handed, high-plumed, high-flown, high-toned.
	haughty, lofty, high, mighty, swollen, puffed up, flushed, blown; vainglorious; purse-proud, fine; proud as a peacock, proud as Lucifer; bloated with pride.
	supercilious, disdainful, bumptious, magisterial, imperious, high and mighty, overweening,  consequential.
	{{similar_to: arrogant &c. 885}}.
	{{similar_to: unblushing &c. 880}}.
	stiff, stiff-necked; starch; perked, stuck-up.
	[ref: in buckram, strait-laced; prim &c. (affected) 855].
	on one's dignity, on one's high horses,on one's tight ropes, on one's high ropes; on stilts; en grand seigneur [Fr].
	Phr. odi profanum vulgus et arceo [Lat][Horace].
	" a duke's revenues on her back" [Henry VI];  " disdains the shadow which he treads on at noon" [Coriolanis];  "pride in their port, defiance in their eye" [Goldsmith].

	#878a. Self-respect -- N. 
	dignity, self-confidence, self-respect,  confidence, assurance, self-assurance, mens sibi conscia recti [Lat][Vergil].
	Adj. dignified; stately.
	Adv. with head erect.

<-- 885a was detached from 885 (insolence) to  distinguish between the attitude of superiority and its behavioral manifestation  -->
	#885a.  Presumption [excessive self-confidence][Undue assumption of superiority.]  -- N.  {{has_manifestation: insolence, R885}} assumption, presumption.
	impudence, audacity, hardihood, front, face, brass.
	shamelessness &c. adj.
	assumption of infallibility.
	{{trait_of: Blusterer, R887,  P2.3.2.3.2.5.34 }} saucebox [obs3].
	{{trait_of: braggart,  P2.3.2.3.2.5.35}}.
	Adj.  brazen, shameless, aweless, unblushlng[obs3], unabashed.
	impudent, audacious, presumptuous.

	#879. Humility. -- N. humility, humbleness; meekness, lowness; lowliness, lowlihood[obs3]; abasement, self-abasement; submission &c. 725; resignation.
	condescension; affability &c. (courtesy) 894.
	verecundity[obs1], blush, suffusion, confusion; sense of shame,sense of disgrace; humiliation, mortification; let down, set down.
	[ref: modesty &c. 881].
	V. be humble &c. adj.; deign, vouchsafe, condescend; humble oneself, demean oneself; stoop, stoop to conquer; carry coals; submit &c. 725; submit with a good grace &c. (brook) 826; yield the palm.
	lower one's tone, lower one's note; sing small, draw in one's horns, sober down; hide one's face, hide one's diminished head; not dare to show one's face, take shame to oneself, not have a word to say for oneself; feel shame, be conscious of shame, feel disgrace, be conscious of disgrace; drink the cup of humiliation to the dregs.
	blush for, blush up to the eves; redden, change color; color up; hang one's head, look foolish, feel small.
	render humble; humble, humiliate; let down, set down, take down, tread down, frown down; snub, abash, abase, make one sing small, strike dumb; teach one his distance; put down, take down a peg, take down a peg lower; throw into the shade, cast into the shade &c. 874; stare out of countenance, put out of countenance; put to the blush; confuse, ashame[obs3], mortify, disgrace, crush; send away with a flea in one's ear.
	get a setdown[obs3].
	Adj. humble, lowly, meek;, modest &c. 881; humble minded, sober-minded; unoffended[obs3]; submissive &c. 725; servile, &c. 886.
	condescending; affable &c. (courteous) 891.
	humbled &c. v.; bowed down, resigned; abashed, ashamed, dashed; out of countenance; down in the mouth; down on one's knees, down on one's marrowbones, down on one's uppers; humbled in the dust, browbeaten; chapfallen[obs3], crestfallen; dumfoundered[obs3]. flabbergasted.
	shorn of one's glory &c. (disrepute) 874.
	Adv. with downcast eyes, with bated breath, with  bended knee; on all fours, on one's feet.
	under correction, with due deference.
	Phr. I am your obedient servant, I am your very humble servant; my service to you; da locum melioribus [Lat][Terence]; parvum parva decent [Lat][Horace].

<-- parts of R881, modesty are broken out into a separate category  -->
	#879a.  Self-doubt.  -- N. {{antonym: self_respect R878a}}  self-doubt, diffidence; self-knowledge.
	{{causes}} timidity, shyness, bashfulness.
	{{similar_to: modesty, R881}}.
	Adj.  retiring, diffident; timid, shy, bashful.

<-- [[vanity]]  -->
	#880. Vanity. -- N. vanity; conceit, conceitedness; self-conceit, self-complacency, self-confidence, self-sufficiency, self-esteem, self-love, self-approbation, self-praise, self-glorification, self-laudation, self-gratulation[obs3], self-applause, self-admiration; amour propre[Fr]; selfishness &c. 943.
	airs, affected manner, pretensions, mannerism; egotism; priggism[obs3], priggishness; coxcombry, gaudery[obs3], vainglory, elation.
	{{has_low_intensity}} personal display.
	{{has_subtype(personal display)}} grooming, personal grooming, personal hygeine.
	{{has_part(grooming)}} hair style, coiffure, coif.
	{{has_part(personal hygeine): personal cleanliness, R652}}.
	{{has_subtype(hair style)}}  haircut; shaving, shave; hairdo, do[coll.]; moustache; beard.
	{{has_subtype(hairdo)}} permanent wave, permanent; pony tail; pig tails; queue; corn rows; curls; dreadlocks; afro; pickaninny.
	{{has_subtype(hair cut)}} bowl cut; duck's ass, DA; tonsure; crew cut; bald cut, baldie.
	{{has_subtype(moustache)}} Fu Man Chu; Hitler.
	{{has_subtype(beard)}} goatee.
	[similar_to:  pride &c. 878].
	{{has_manifestation: ostentation &c. R882}}.
	[ref: assurance &c. 885].
	vox et praeterea nihil[Lat]; cheval de bataille[Fr]. coxcomb &c. 854 Sir Oracle &c. 887.
	{{trait_of: boaster, braggart, P2.3.2.3.2.5.35}}.
	V. be vain &c. adj., be vain of; pique oneself &c. (pride) 878; lay the flattering unction to one's soul.
	have too high an opinion of oneself, have  an overweening opinion of oneself, have too high an opinion of one's talents; blind oneself as to one's own merit;  not think small beer of oneself, not think vin ordinaire of oneself[Fr]; put oneself forward; fish for compliments; give oneself airs &c. (assume) 885; boast &c. 884.
	render vain &c. adj.; inspire with vanity &c. n.; inflate, puff up, turn up, turn one's head.
	Adj. vain, vain as a peacock, proud as a peacock; conceited, overweening, pert, forward;, vainglorious, high-flown; ostentatious &c. 882; puffed up, inflated, flushed.
	self-satisfied, self-confident, self-sufficient, self-flattering, self-admiring, self-applauding, self-glorious, self-opinionated; entente &c. (wrong-headed) 481; wise in one's own conceit, pragmatical[obs3], overwise[obs3], pretentious, priggish; egotistic, egotistical; soi-disant &c. (boastful) 884[Fr]; arrogant &c. 885.
unabashed, unblushing; unconstrained, unceremonious; free and easy.
	Adv. vainly &c. adj.
	Phr. " how we apples swim! " [Swift]; " prouder than rustling in unpaid-for silk" [Cymbeline].

	#881. Modesty. -- N. modesty; mauvaise honte[Fr]; blush, blushing; verecundity[obs1].
	retiring disposition; unobtrusiveness.
	reserve, constraint; demureness &c. adj.; " blushing honors " [Henry VIII].
	[ref: humility &c. 879].
	{{similar_to: self-doubt, R879a}}.
	V. be modest &c. adj.; retire, reserve oneself; give way to; draw in one's horns &c. 879; hide one's face.
	keep private, keep in the background, keep one's distance; pursue the noiseless tenor of one's way, " do good by stealth and blush to find it fame " [Pope], hide one's light under a bushel, cast a sheep's eye.
	Adj. modest, diffident; humble &c. 879; timid, timorous, bashful; shy, nervous, skittish, coy, sheepish, shamefaced, blushing, overmodest.
	unpretending[obs3], unpretentious; unobtrusive, unassuming, unostentatious, unboastful[obs3], unaspiring; poor in spirit.
	out of countenance &c. (humbled) 879. reserved, constrained, demure.
	Adv. humbly &c. adj.; quietly, privately; without ceremony, without beat of drum; sans façon.
	Phr. " not stepping o'er the bounds of modesty " [Romeo and Juliet]; " thy modesty's a candle to thy merit " [Fielding].

M8.3.1.4   Expressions of emotion  R882 to R886  [[celebration]]
	{{manifestation_of: emotion}}
<-- &&   class this as a human action? 
 	882.	Ostentation
		883.	Celebration
		884.	Boasting
		885.	Insolence					886.	Servility
  NOte:   887.	Blusterer  to  P2.3.2.3.2.5.34
-->
	#882. Ostentation. -- N. {{manifestation_of: vanity, R880}}  ostentation, display, show, flourish, parade, etalage[Fr], pomp, array, state, solemnity; dash, splash, splurge, glitter, strut, pomposity; pretense, pretensions; showing off; fuss.
	magnificence, splendor; coup d'oeil[Fr]; grand doings.
	coup de theatre; stage effect, stage  trick; claptrap; mise en scene[Fr]; tour de force; chic.
	demonstration, flying colors; tomfoolery; flourish of trumpets &c. (celebration) 883; pageant, pageantry; spectacle, exhibition, exposition, procession; turn out, set out; grand function; fête, gala, field day, review, march past, promenade, insubstantial pageant.
	dress; court dress, full dress, evening dress, ball dress, fancy dress; tailoring, millinery, man millinery, frippery, foppery, equipage.
	ceremony, ceremonial; ritual; form, formality; etiquette; puncto[Lat], punctilio, punctiliousness; starched stateliness, stateliness.
	mummery, solemn mockery, mouth honor.
	attitudinarian[obs3]; fop &c. 854.
	V. be ostentatious &c. adj.; come forward, put oneself forward; attract attention, star it.
	cut a figure, make a dash, make a splash, make a splurge, cut a dash, cut a splash, cut a splurge; figure, figure away; make a show, make a display; glitter.
	show off, show off one's paces; parade, march past; display, exhibit, put forward, hold up; trot out, hand out; sport, brandish, blazon forth; dangle, dangle before the eyes.
	cry up &c. (praise) 931; proner[Fr], flaunt, emblazon, prink[obs3], set off, mount, have framed and glazed.
	put a good face upon, put a smiling face upon; clean the outside of the platter &c. (disguise) 544.
	Adj. ostentatious, showy, dashing, pretentious; janty[obs3], jaunty; grand, pompous, palatial; high-sounding; turgid &c. (big-sounding) 577; gairish[obs3], garish; gaudy, gaudy as a peacock, gaudy as a butterfly, gaudy as a tulip; flaunting, flashing, flaming, glittering; gay &c. (ornate) 847.
	splendid, magnificent, sumptuous.
	theatrical, dramatic, spectacular; ceremonial, ritual.
	solemn, stately, majestic, formal, stiff, ceremonious, punctilious, starched.
	dressed to kill, dressed to the nines, decjed out, all decked out, en granite tenue[Fr], in best bib and tucker, in Sunday best, endimanche, chic.
	Adv. with flourish of trumpet, with beat of drum, with flying colors.
	ad captandum vulgus[Lat.].
	Phr. honores mutant mores[Lat].

	#883. Celebration. -- N. {{manifestation_of: joy}} celebration, solemnization, jubilee, commemoration, ovation, paean, triumph, jubilation, ceremony (rite) 998; holiday, fiesta, zarabanda[obs3], revelry, feast (amusement) 840; china anniversary, diamond anniversary, golden anniversary, silver anniversary, tin anniversary, china jubilee, diamond jubilee, golden jubilee, silver jubilee, tin jubilee, china wedding, diamond wedding, golden wedding, silver wedding, tin wedding.
	triumphal arch, bonfire, salute; salvo, salvo of artillery; feu de joie[Fr], flourish of trumpets, fanfare, colors flying, illuminations.
	inauguration, installation, presentation; coronation; Lord Mayor's show; harvest-home, red-letter day; trophy &,:c. 733; Te Deum &c. (thanksgiving) 990[Lat]; fete &c. 882; holiday &c. 840; Forefathers' Day [U. S.].
	V. celebrate keep, signalize, do honor to, commemorate, solemnize, hallow, mark with a red letter.
	pledge, drink to, toast, hob and nob[obs3].
	inaugurate, install, chair.
	rejoice &c. 838; kill the fatted calf, hold jubilee, roast an ox.
	Adj. celebrating &c. v.; commemorative, celebrated, immortal.
	Adv. in honor of, in commemoration of.
	Int. hail! all hail! io paean, io triumphe[obs3]! " see the conquering hero comes!".

	#884. Boasting. -- N. {{manifestation_of: pride}}  boasting &c. v.; boast, vaunt, crake[obs1]; pretense, pretensions; puff, puffery; flourish, fanfaronade[obs3]; gasconade; blague[obs3], bluff, gas*; highfalutin, highfaluting[obs3]; hot air, spread-eagleism [obs3][U. S.]; brag, braggardism[obs3]; bravado, bunkum, buncombe; jactitation[obs3], jactancy[obs3]; bounce; venditation[obs1], vaporing, rodomontade, bombast, fine talking, tall talk, magniloquence, teratology[obs1], heroics; Chauvinism; exaggeration &c. 549.
	vox et praeterea nihil[Lat]; much cry and little wool, brutum fulmen[Lat].
	exultation; gloriation[obs1], glorification; flourish of trumpets; triumph &c. 883.
	{{manifestation_of: vanity &c. 880}}.
	{{performed_by: braggart,  boaster, P2.3.2.3.2.5.35}}.
	V. boast, make a boast of, brag, vaunt, Puff, show off, flourish, crake[obs1], crack, trumpet, strut, swagger, vapor; blague[obs3], blow, four-flush *, bluff.
	exult, crow, crow over, neigh, chuckle, triumph; throw up one's cap; talk big, se faire valoir[Fr], faire claquer son fouet[obs3][Fr], take merit to oneself, make a merit of, sing Io triumphe[obs3], holloa before one is out of the wood[obs3].
	Adj. boasting &c. v.; magniloquent, flaming, Thrasonic, stilted, gasconading, braggart, boastful, pretentious, soi-disant[Fr]; vainglorious &c. (conceited) 880; highfalutin, highfaluting[obs3]; spread-eagle [U. S.*].
	elate, elated; jubilant, triumphant, exultant; in high feather; flushed, flushed with victory; cock-a-hoop; on stilts.
vaunted &c. v.
	Adv. vauntingly &c. adj.
	Phr. " let the galled jade wince " [Hamlet]; facta non verba[Lat].

	#885. [Expression of feelings of superiority.] Insolence. -- N. {{manifestation_of: presumption, R885a}} insolence; haughtiness &c. adj.; arrogance, airs; overbearance[obs3]; domineering &c. v.; tyranny &c. 739.
	impertinence; sauciness &c. adj.; flippancy, dicacity[obs1], petulance, procacity[obs3], bluster; swagger, swaggering &c. v.; bounce; terrorism.
	beggar on horseback; usurpation.
	effrontery, hardened front, face of brass.
	[ref: R884, boasting].
	{{performed_by: blusterer, P2.3.2.3.2.5.34}}.
	V. be insolent &c. adj.; bluster, vapor, swagger, swell, give oneself airs, snap one's fingers, kick up a dust; swear &c. (affirm) 535; rap out oaths; roister. arrogate; assume, presume; make bold, make  free; take a liberty, give an inch and take an ell.
	domineer, bully, dictate, hector; lord it over; traiter de haut en bas[Fr], regarder de haut en bas[Fr]; exact; snub, huff., beard, fly in the face of; put to the blush; bear down, beat down; browbeat, intimidate; trample down, tread down, trample  under foot; dragoon, ride roughshod over.
	out face, outlook, outstare, outbrazen[obs3], outbrave[obs3]; stare out of countenance; brazen out; lay down the law; teach one's grandmother to suck eggs; assume a lofty bearing; talk big, look big; put on big looks, act the grand seigneur[Fr]; mount the high horse, ride the high horse; toss the head, carry, with a high hand.
	tempt Providence, want snuffing.
	Adj. insolent, haughty, arrogant, imperious, magisterial, dictatorial, arbitrary; high-handed, high and mighty; contumelious, supercilious, overbearing, intolerant, domineering, overweening, high-flown.
	flippant, pert, fresh [U. S.], cavalier, saucy, forward, impertinent, malapert.
	precocious, assuming, would-be, bumptious.
	bluff; brazen,  boldfaced-, barefaced-, brazen-faced; dead to shame, lost to shame.
	free and easy, devil-may-care, rollicking; jaunty, janty[obs3]; roistering, blustering, hectoring, swaggering, vaporing; thrasonic, fire eating, "full of sound and fury " [Macbeth].
	Adv. with a high hand; ex cathedra[Lat].
	Phr. one's bark being  worse than his bite; " beggars mounted run their horse to death " [Henry VI];  quid times? Caesarem vehis [Lat][Plutarch]; wagahai wa [Jap: I (expressing superiority)].

	#886. Servility. -- N. {{manifestation_of: humility}} servility; slavery &c. (subjection) 749; obsequiousness &c. adj.; subserviency; abasement; prostration, prosternation[obs1]; genuflection &c. (worship) 990; fawning &c. v.; tuft-hunting, timeserving[obs3], flunkeyism[obs3]; sycophancy &c. (flattery) 933; humility &c. 879.
	sycophant, parasite; toad, toady, toad-eater; tufthunter[obs3]; snob, flunky, flunkey, yes-man, lapdog, spaniel, lickspittle, smell-feast, Graeculus esuriens[Lat], hanger on, cavaliere servente[It], led captain, carpet knight; timeserver, fortune hunter, Vicar of Bray, Sir-Pertinax, Max Sycophant, pickthank[obs3]; flatterer &c. 935; doer of dirty work; ame damnee[Fr], tool; reptile; slave &c. (servant) 746; courtier; beat*, dead beat*, doughface * [obs3][U. S], heeler [U. S.], homme de cour[Fr], sponger, sucker*, tagtail[obs3], truckler.
	V. cringe, bow, stoop, kneel, bend the knee; fall on one's knees, prostrate oneself; worship &c. 990.
	sneak, crawl, crouch, cower, sponge, truckle to, grovel, fawn, lick the feet of, kiss the hem of one's garment, kiss one's ass[vulg.], suck up.
	pay court to; feed on, fatten on, dance attendance on, pin oneself upon, hang on the sleeve of, avaler les couleuvres[Fr], keep time to, fetch and carry, do the dirty work of.
	go with the stream, worship the rising sun, hold with the hare and run with the hounds.
	Adj. servile, obsequious; supple,supple as a glove; soapy, oily, pliant, cringing, abased, dough-faced, fawning, slavish, groveling, sniveling, mealy-mouthed; beggarly, sycophantic, parasitical; abject, prostrate, down on ones marrow-bones; base, mean, sneaking; crouching &c. v.
	Adv. hat in hand, cap in hand.

<-- R887 Blusterer to person who ...  P2.3.2.3.2.5.34  -->

M8.3.3  SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS .{{similar_to: personal affections, M8.3}}.........R888 - R921

<-- in this section(M8.3.2), under mind-mind interactions, the mental attitudes and the actions these attitudes cause, which were contained in the same Roget entry, are distinguished by breaking such entries into two parts.
	For example, in R907 we describe both the mental phenomena causing malevolent actions, and in R907a the malevolent actions themselves.  They are distinguished as cause and effect (mcause=mental cause) -->
M8.3.2  DIFFUSIVE.sympathetic AFFECTIONS...R906 to r913
<--  	906.	Benevolence				907.	Malevolence
									908.	Malediction
									909.	Threat
		910.	Philanthrophy				911.	Misanthropy
Note:  912.  Benefactor  	913.	Evil doer  to person who 
P2.3.2.3.2.5.17   Benefactor;      P2.3.2.3.2.5.18   Evil Doer
-->[[benevolence]]
	#906. Benevolence. -- N. benevolence, Christian charity; God's love, God's  grace; good will; philanthropy &c. 910; unselfishness &c. 942.
	good nature, good feeling, good wishes; kindness, kindliness &c. adj.; loving-kindness, benignity, brotherly love, charity, humanity, fellow-feeling, sympathy: goodness of heart, warmth of heart; bonhomie; kind-heartedness; amiability, milk of human kindness, tenderness; love &c. 897; friendship &c. 888.
	toleration, consideration, generosity; mercy &c. (pity) 914.
	charitableness &c. adj.; bounty, alms-giving; good works, beneficence, "the luxury of doing good " [Goldsmith].
	acts of kindness, a good turn; good offices, kind offices good treatment, kind treatment.
	good Samaritan, sympathizer, bon enfant[Fr]; altruist.
	V. be benevolent &c. adj.; have one's heart in the right place, bear good will; wish well, wish Godspeed; view with an eye of favor, regard with an eye of favor; take in good part; take an interest in, feel an interest in; be interested in, feel interested in; sympathize with, empathize with, feel for; fraternize &c. (be friendly) 888.
	enter into the feelings of others, do as you would be done by, meet halfway.
	treat well; give comfort, smooth the bed of death; do good, do a good turn; benefit &c. (goodness) 648; render a service, be of use; aid &c. 707.
	Adj. benevolent; kind, kindly; well-meaning; amiable; obliging, accommodating, indulgent, gracious, complacent, good-humored.
	warm-hearted, kind-hearted, tender-hearted, large-hearted, broad-hearted; merciful &c. 914; charitable, beneficent, humane, benignant; bounteous, bountiful.
	good-natured, well-natured; spleenless[obs3]; sympathizing, sympathetic; complaisant &c. (courteous) 894; well-meant, well-intentioned.
	fatherly, motherly, brotherly, sisterly; paternal, maternal, fraternal; sororal[obs3]; friendly &c. 888.
	Adv. with a good intention, with the best intentions.
	Int. Godspeed! much good may it do!
	Phr. " act a charity sometimes " [Lamb]; " a tender heart, a will inflexible " [Longfellow]; de mortuis nil nisi bonum [Lat: say only good things about the dead, don't speak ill of the dead]; " kind words are more than coronets " [Tennyson]; quando amigo pide no hay manana[Lat]; " the social smile, the sympathetic tear " [Gray].

<-- in R907 we describe both the mental phenomena causing malevolent actions, and in R907a the malevolent actions themselves.  They are distinguished as cause and effect (mcause=mental cause) -->
	#907. Malevolence. -- N.
	{{mcaused_by(cruelty, R907a)}} malevolence, malice, malice prepense[obs3]; bad intent, bad intention, evil intention; ill nature, ill will, ill blood; bad blood; maliciousness, malignity, spitefulness; enmity &c. 889; hate &c. 898; spite, despite; resentment &c. 900.
	gall, venom, rancor, rancorousness, rankling, virulence, mordacity[obs3].
	hardness of heart, heart of stone, obduracy.
	{{has_high_intensity}} cruelty, cruelness, brutality, savagery; ferity[obs3], ferocity; barbarity, barbarousness, inhumanity, immanity[obs1], bloodthirstiness, ferociousness.
	evil eye, cloven foot.
	{{mcauses}} torture; vivisection[obs2].
	{{has_low_intensity}} unkindness, uncharitableness, ungraciousness, unfirendliness, diskindness[obs3]; incompassionateness &c. 914a.
	{{trait_of}} gadfly.
	{{mcauses}} {{property_of(repetition)}} harassment, persecution.
	V. be malevolent &c. adj.; bear spleen, harbor spleen, bear a grudge, harbor a grudge, bear malice; betray the cloven foot, show the cloven foot.
	Adj. malevolent, unbenevolent; unbenign; ill-disposed, ill-intentioned, ill-natured, ill-conditioned, ill-contrived; evil-minded, evil-disposed; black-browed[obs3].
	malicious; malign, malignant; rancorous; despiteful, spiteful; mordacious, caustic, bitter, envenomed, acrimonious, virulent; maleficent, venomous, grinding, galling.
	harsh, disobliging; inofficious[obs3]; invidious; uncandid; churlish &c. (discourteous) 895; surly, sullen &c. 901a.
	cold, cold-blooded, cold-hearted; black-hearted, hard-hearted, flint-hearted, marble-hearted, stony-hearted; hard of heart, unnatural; ruthless &c. (unmerciful) 914a; relentless &c. (revengeful) 919.
	cruel; brutal, brutish; savage, savage as a bear, savage as a tiger; ferine[obs3], ferocious; inhuman; barbarous, barbaric, semibarbaric, fell, untamed, tameless, truculent, incendiary; bloodthirsty &c. (murderous) 361; atrocious; bloodyminded[obs3].
	fiendish, fiendlike[obs3]; demoniacal; diabolic, diabolical; devilish, infernal, hellish, Satanic; Tartaran.
	{{has_low_intensity}} unamiable, uncharitable; unkind, unfriendly, ungracious.
	Adv. malevolently &c. adj.; with bad intent &c. n.
	Phr. cruel as death; " hard unkindness' alter'd eye " [Gray]; homo homini lupus [Lat][Plautus]; mala mens[Lat], malus animus [Lat][Terence].; "rich gifts wax poor when givers prove unkind" [Hamlet]; "sharp-tooth'd unkindness " [Lear].

<-- here cruelty is an action, not an attitude  -->
	#907a. Cruelty.  -- N. {{mcauses(cruelty, R907)}} cruelty, cruelness, brutality, savagery; ferity[obs3], ferocity; barbarity, barbarousness, inhumanity, immanity[obs1], bloodthirstiness, ferociousness.
	{{has_low_intensity}} acerbity churlishness &c. (discourtesy) 895.
	ill turn, bad turn; affront &c. (disrespect) 929; outrage, atrocity; ill usage; intolerance, persecution; tender mercies [ironical]; " unkindest cut of all" [Julius Caesar].
	truculence, ruffianism.
	V. hurt &c. (physical pain) 378; annoy &c. 830; injure., harm, wrong; do harm to, do an ill office to; outrage; disoblige, malign, plant a thorn in the breast.
	molest, worry, bait, tease; throw stones at; play the devil with; hunt down, dragoon; harass, haunt, harry, persecute, hound, hound to death; oppress, grind; maltreat, ill-treat, ill-use.
	wreak one's malice on, do one's worst, break a butterfly on the wheel; dip one's hands in blood, imbrue one's hands in blood; have no mercy &c. 914a.
	Adj. malicious; malign, malignant; rancorous; spiteful; mordacious, caustic, bitter, acrimonious, virulent; maleficent, venomous, grinding, galling.
	cruel; brutal, brutish; savage; inhuman, inhumane; barbarous, barbaric, semibarbaric.
	truculent, incendiary.
	atrocious.

	#908. Malediction. -- N. malediction, malison[obs3], curse, imprecation, denunciation, execration, anathema, ban, proscription, excommunication, commination[obs3], thunders of the Vatican, fulmination, maranatha[obs3]; aspersion, disparagement, vilification, vituperation.
	abuse; foul language, bad language, strong language, unparliamentary language; billingsgate, sauce, evil speaking; cursing &c. v.; profane swearing, oath; foul invective, ribaldry, rude reproach, scurrility.
	threat &c. 909;  more bark than bite; invective &c. (disapprobation) 932.
	V. curse, accurse[obs3], imprecate, damn, swear at; curse with bell book and candle; invoke curses on the head of, call down curses on the head of; devote to destruction.
	execrate, beshrew[obs3], scold; anathematize &c. (censure) 932; bold up to execration, denounce, proscribe, excommunicate, fulminate, thunder against; threaten &c. 909.
	curse and swear; swear, swear like a trooper; fall a cursing, rap out an oath, damn.
	Adj. cursing, cursed &c. v.
	Int. woe to! beshrew[obs3]! ruat coelum[Lat]!  ill betide, woe betide; confusion seize! damn! damn it! damn you! damn you to hell! go to hell! go to blazes! confound! blast! curse! devil take! hang! out with! a plague upon! out upon! aroynt[obs3]! honi soit[Fr]! parbleu[Fr]!
	Phr. delenda est Carthago[Lat].

	#909. Threat. -- N. threat, menace; defiance &c. 715; abuse, minacity[obs3], intimidation; denunciation; fulmination; commination &c. (curse) 908[obs3]; gathering clouds &c. (warning) 668.
	V. threat, threaten; menace; snarl, growl, gnarl, mutter, bark, bully.
	defy &c. 715; intimidate &c. 860; keep in terrorem[Lat], hold up in terrorem[Lat], hold out in terrorem[Lat]; shake the fist at, double the fist at, clinch the fist at; thunder, talk big, fulminate, use big words, bluster, look daggers, stare daggers.
	Adj. threatening, menacing; minatory, minacious[obs3]; comminatory[obs3], abusive; in terrorem[Lat]; ominous &c. (predicting) 511; defiant &c. 715; under the ban.
	Int. vae victis[Lat]! at your peril! do your worst!

	#910. Philanthropy. -- N. philanthropy, humanity, humanitarianism universal benevolence; endaemonism[obs3], deliciae humani generis[Lat]; cosmopolitanism utilitarianism, the greatest happiness of the greatest number, social science, sociology
	common weal; socialism, communism, Fourierism[obs2], phalansterianism[obs3], Saint Simonianism[obs3].
	patriotism, civism[obs3], nationality, love of country, amor patriae[Lat], public spirit.
	chivalry, knight errantry[obs3]; generosity &c. 942.
	philanthropist, endaemonist[obs3], utilitarian, Benthamite, socialist, communist, cosmopolite, citizen of the world, amicus humani generis[Lat]; knight errant; patriot.
	Adj. philanthropic, humanitarian, utilitarian, cosmopolitan; public-spirited, patriotic; humane, large-hearted &c. (benevolent) 906; chivalric; generous &c. 942.
	Adv. pro bono publico[Lat], pro aris et focis [Lat][obs3][Cicero].
	Phr. humani nihil a me alienum puto [Lat][Terence]; omne solum forti patria [Lat][Ovid]; un bien fait n'est jamais perdu[Fr].

	#911. Misanthropy. -- N. misanthropy, incivism; egotism &c. (selfishness) 943; moroseness &c. 901a; cynicism.
	misanthrope, misanthropist, egotist, cynic, man hater, Timon, Diogenes.
	woman hater, misogynist.
	Adj. misanthropic, antisocial, unpatriotic; egotistical &c.(selfish) 943; morose &c. 901a.
<-- 912 benefactor and 913 evil doer to person who .. -->

M8.3.3. SPECIAL SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS  R914 to  R915
<--
		914.	Pity						914a. Pitilessness
		915.	Condolence
-->
	#914. Pity. -- N. pity, compassion, commiseration; bowels, of compassion; sympathy, fellow-feeling, tenderness, yearning, forbearance, humanity, mercy, clemency; leniency &c. (lenity) 740; charity, ruth, long-suffering.
	melting mood; argumentum ad misericordiam[Lat], quarter, grace, locus paenitentiae[Lat].
	sympathizer; advocate, friend, partisan, patron, wellwisher.
	V. pity; have pity, show pity, take pity &c. n.; commiserate, compassionate; condole &c. 915; sympathize; feel for, be sorry for, yearn for; weep, melt, thaw, enter into the feelings of.
	forbear, relent, relax, give quarter, wipe the tears, parcere subjectis[Lat], give a coup de grâce, put out of one's misery.
	raise pity , excite pity &c. n..; touch, soften; melt, melt the heart; propitiate, disarm.
	ask for mercy &c. v.; supplicate &c. (request) 765; cry for quarter, beg one's life, kneel; deprecate.
	Adj. pitying &c. v.; pitiful, compassionate, sympathetic, touched.
	merciful, clement, ruthful; humane; humanitarian &c. (philanthropic) 910;  tender, tender hearted, tender  as a chicken; soft, soft hearted; unhardened[obs3]; lenient &c. 740; exorable[obs3], forbearing; melting &c. v.; weak.
	Int. for pity's sake! mercy! have mercy! cry you mercy!  God help you! poor thing! poor dear! poor  fellow! woe betide! " quis talia fando temperet a lachrymiss! " [Lat][Vergil].
	Phr. one's heart bleeding for; haud ignara mali miseris succurrere disco [Lat][Vergil]; " a fellow feeling makes one wondrous kind "  onor di bocca assai giova e poco costa[Garrick][It].

	#914a. Pitilessness. -- N. pitilessness &c. adj.; inclemency; severity &c. 739; malevolence &c. 907.
	V. have no mercy, shut the gates of mercy &c. 914; give no quarter.
	Adj. pitiless, merciless, ruthless, bowelless; unpitying, unmerciful, inclement; grim-faced, grim-visaged; incompassionate[obs3], uncompassionate; inexorable; harsh &c. 739; unrelenting &c. 919.

	#915. Condolence. -- N. condolence; lamentation &c. 839; sympathy, consolation.
	V. condole with, console, sympathize express pity, testify pity; afford consolation, supply consolation; lament &c. 839 with; express sympathy for; feel grief in common with, feel sorrow in common with; share one's sorrow.

M8.3.4   RETROSPECTIVE SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS R916 to R921
<--   	916.	Gratitude					917.	Ingratitude
		900. Anger
		918.	Forgiveness				919.	Revenge
									920.	Jealousy
									921.	Envy
-->[[gratitude]]
M8.3.4.1   Gratitude (R916)
  	#916. Gratitude. -- N. gratitude, thankfulness, appreciation, feeling of obligation, sense of obligation.
	acknowledgment, recognition, thanks-giving, thanksgiving, giving thanks; thankful good will.
	thanks, praise, benediction; paean; Te Deum &c. (worship) 990[Lat]; grace, grace before meat, grace after meat, grace before meals, grace after meals; thank offering.
	requital, response, recognition, grace.
	V. be grateful &c. adj.; thank; give thanks , render thanks, return thanks, offer thanks, tender thanks &c. n.; acknowledge, requite.
	feel under an obligation, be under an obligation, lie under an obligation; savoir gre[Fr]; not look a gift horse in the mouth; never forget, overflow with gratitude; thank one's stars, thank one's lucky stars, bless one's stars; fall on one's knees.
	Adj. grateful, thankful, obliged, beholden, indebted to, under obligation.
	Int. thanks! many thanks! gramercy[obs3]! much obliged! thank you! thank you very much!  thanks a lot! thanks a heap, thanks loads [coll.]; thank Heaven! Heaven be praised! Gott sei Dank[Ger]! "I have drunk from wells I did not dig, I have been warmed by fires I did not build.".

M8.3.4.2. Ingratitude  (R917)   
	#917. Ingratitude. -- N. ingratitude, thanklessness, oblivion of benefits, unthankfulness[obs3].
	" benefits forgot "; thankless task,thankless office.
	{{trait_of: ingrate}}.
	V. be ungrateful &c. adj.; forget benefits; look a gift horse in the mouth.
	Adj. ungrateful, unmindful, unthankful; thankless, ingrate, wanting in gratitude, insensible of benefits.
	forgotten; unacknowledged, unthanked[obs3], unrequited, unrewarded; ill-requited.
	Int. thank you for nothing! thanks for nothing! " et tu Brute! " [Julius Caesar].
	Phr. "ingratitude! thou marble-hearted fiend " [Lear]; bite the hand that feeds one.

M8.3.4.3    Resentment    (R900)   [[anger]] 
	#900. Resentment. Anger. -- N. resentment, anger, displeasure, animosity, wrath, indignation; exasperation, bitter resentment, wrathful indignation.
	pique, umbrage, huff, miff, soreness, dudgeon, acerbity, virulence, bitterness, acrimony, asperity, spleen, gall; heart-burning, heart-swelling; rankling.
	ill humor, bad humor, ill temper, bad temper; irascibility &c. 901; ill blood &c. (hate) 898; revenge &c. 919.
	excitement, irritation; warmth, bile, choler, ire, fume, pucker, dander, ferment, ebullition; towering passion, acharnement[Fr], angry mood, taking, pet, tiff, passion, fit, tantrums.
	burst, explosion, paroxysm, storm, rage, fury, desperation; violence &c. 173; fire and fury; vials of wrath; gnashing of teeth, hot blood, high words.
	scowl &c. 895; sulks &c. 901a.
	[Cause of umbrage] affront, provocation, offense; indignity &c. (insult) 929; grudge, crow to pluck, bone to pick, sore subject, casus belli[Lat]; ill turn, outrage.
	Furies, Eumenides.
	buffet, slap in the face, box on the ear, rap on the knuckles.
	V. resent; take amiss, take ill, take to heart, take offense, take umbrage, take huff, take exception; take in ill part, take in bad part, take in dudgeon; ne pas entendre raillerie[Fr]; breathe revenge, cut up rough.
	fly into a rage, hit the roof, fall into a rage, get into a rage, fly into a passion; bridle up, bristle up, froth up, fire up, flare up; open the vials of one's wrath, pour out the vials of one's wrath.
	pout, knit the brow, frown, scowl, lower, snarl, growl, gnarl, gnash, snap; redden, color; look black, look black as thunder, look daggers; bite one's thumb; show one's teeth, grind one's teeth; champ the bit, champ at the bit.
	chafe, mantle, fume, kindle, fly out, take fire; boil, boil over; boil with indignation, boil with rage; rage, storm, foam, vent one's rage, vent one's spleen; lose one's temper, stand on one's hind legs, stamp the foot, stamp with rage, quiver with rage, swell with rage, foam with rage; burst with anger; raise Cain.
	have a fling at; bear malice &c. (revenge) 919.
	anger, rile, gall; cause anger, raise anger; affront, offend; give offense, give  umbrage; hurt the feelings; insult, discompose, fret, ruffle, nettle, huff, pique; excite &c. 824; irritate, stir the blood, stir up bile; sting, sting to the quick; rile, provoke, chafe, wound, incense, inflame, enrage, aggravate, add fuel to the flame, fan into a flame, widen the breach, envenom, embitter, exasperate, infuriate, kindle wrath; stick in one's gizzard; rankle &e. 919; hit on the raw, rub on the raw, sting on the raw, strike on the raw.
	put out of countenance, put out of humor; put one's monkey up, put one's back up; raise one's gorge, raise one's dander, raise one's choler; work up into a passion; make one's blood boil, make the ears tingle; throw, into a ferment, madden, drive one mad; lash into fury, lash into madness; fool to the top of one's bent; set by the ears.
	bring a hornet's nest about one's ears.
	Adj. angry, resentful, mad, irate, wrath, wroth; ireful, wrathful; cross &c. (irascible) 901; Achillean[obs3]; sulky, &c. 901a; bitter, virulent; acrimonious &c. (discourteous) &c. 895; violent &c. 173; pissed off[vulg.], pissed[vulg.]; teed off[coll.], ticked off[coll.], ticked[coll.].
	warm, burning; hot under the collar; boiling, boiling over, steamed up; fuming, raging, in a rage, convulsed with rage; foaming, foaming at the mouth; choleric, in a choler, splenetic.
	offended, riled, galled &c. v. ; waxy, acharne; wrought, worked up; indignant, hurt, sore; set against.
	fierce, wild, rageful, furious, mad with rage, fiery, infuriated, rabid, savage, infuriate; relentless &c. R919.
	flushed with anger, flushed with rage; in a huff, in a stew, in a fume, in a pucker, in a passion, in a rage, in a fury, in a taking, in a way; up in arms, in high dudgeon, all worked up, on one's high ropes.
	Adv. angrily, &c. adj.; in the height of passion, in the heat of passion, in the heat of the moment.
	Int. tantaene animis coelestibus irae [Lat][Vergil]! marry come up! zounds! 'sdeath!
	Phr. one's blood being up, one's back being up, one's monkey being up; fervens difficili bile jecur[Lat]; the gorge rising, eyes flashing fire; the blood rising, the blood boiling; haeret lateri lethalis arundo [Lat][Vergil]; " beware the fury of a patient man " [Dryden]; furor arma ministrat [Lat][Vergil]; ira furor brevis est [Lat][Horace]; quem Jupiter vult perdere dementat prius[Lat]; "What, drunk with choler? " [Henry IV].

M8.3.4.4   Forgiveness  (R918)   
	#918. Forgiveness. -- N. forgiveness, pardon, condonation, grace, remission, absolution, amnesty, oblivion; indulgence; reprieve.
	conciliation; reconcilement; reconciliation &c. (pacification) 723; propitiation.
	excuse, exoneration, quittance, release, indemnity; bill of indemnity, act of indemnity, covenant of indemnity, deed of indemnity; exculpation &c. (acquittal) 970.
	longanimity[obs3], placability; amantium irae[Lat]; locus paenitentiae[Lat]; forbearance.
	V. forgive, forgive and forget; pardon, condone, think no more of, let bygones be bygones, shake hands; forget an injury. excuse, pass over, overlook; wink at &c. (neglect) 460; bear with; allow for, make allowances for; let one down easily, not be too hard upon, pocket the affront.
	let off, remit, absolve, give absolution, reprieve; acquit &c. 970.
	beg pardon, ask pardon, implore pardon &c. n.; conciliate, propitiate, placate; make up a quarrel &c. (pacify) 723; let the wound heal.
	Adj. forgiving, placable, conciliatory,.
	forgiven &c. v.; unresented[obs3], unavenged,  unrevenged[obs3].
	Adv. cry you mercy.
	Phr. veniam petimusque damusque vicissim [Lat][Horace]; more in sorrow than in anger; comprendre tout c'est tout pardonner[Fr]; " the offender never pardons" [Herbert].

M8.3.4.5  Revenge (R919)   
	#919. Revenge. -- N. revenge, revengement[obs3]; vengeance; avengement[obs3], avengeance[obs1], sweet revenge, vendetta, death feud, blood for blood retaliation &c. 718; day of reckoning.
	rancor, vindictiveness, implacability; malevolence &c. 907; ruthlessness &c. 914a.
	avenger, vindicator, Nemesis, Eumenides.
	V. revenge, avenge; vindicate; take one's revenge, have one's revenge; breathe revenge, breathe vengeance; wreak one's vengeance, wreak one's anger.
	have accounts to settle, have a crow to pluck, have a bone to pick, have a rod in pickle.
	keep the wound  green; harbor revenge, harbor vindictive feeling; bear malice; rankle, rankle in the breast.
	Adj. revengeful, vengeful; vindictive, rancorous; pitiless &c. 914a; ruthless, rigorous, avenging.
	unforgiving, unrelenting; inexorable, stony-hearted, implacable; relentless, remorseless.
	aeternum servans sub pectore vulnus[Lat]; rankling; immitigable.
	Phr. manet ciratrix[Lat], manet alid mente repostum[Lat][obs3]; dies irae dies illa[Lat]; " in high vengeance there is noble scorn " [G. Eliot]; inhumanum verbum est ultio [Lat][Seneca]; malevolus animus abditos dentes habet [Lat][Syrus]; " now infidel I have thee on the hip " [Merchant of Venice].

M8.3.4.6  Jealousy  (R920)   
	#920. Jealousy.-- N. jealousy,jealousness; jaundiced eye; envious suspicion, suspicion; " green-eyed monster " [Othello]; yellows; Juno.
	V. be jealous &c. adj.; view with jealousy, view with a jealous eye.
	Adj. jealous, jealous as a barbary pigeon[obs3]; jaundiced, yellow-eyed, envious, horn-mad.

M8.3.4.7  Envy  (R921)   
	#921. Envy. -- N. envy; enviousness &c. adj.; rivalry; jalousie de milier[Fr]; ill-will, spite.
	V. envy, covet, burst with envy.
	Adj. envious, invidious, covetous; alieni appetens[Lat].
	Phr. " base envy withers at another's joy " [Thomson]; caeca invidia est [Lat][Livy]; multa petentibus desunt multa [Lat][Horace]; summa petit livor [Lat][Ovid].

M9   Mind-Mind Group Interactions
M9.1  Intersocial Volition
M9.1.1  INTERSOCIAL VOLITION Generally  (R737 to R759)
<--  	737.	Authority					738.	Laxity
		739.	Severity					740.	Lenity
		741.	Command
		742.	Disobedience				743.	Obedience
		744.	Compulsion
		745.	Master					746.	Servant
		747.	Scepter
		748.	Freedom					749.	Subjection
		750.	Liberation				751.	Restraint
									752.	Prison
		753.	Keeper					754.	Prisoner
		755.	Commission				756.	Abrogation
		757.	Resignation
		758.	Consignee
			Deputy
--> [[authority]]
	#737. Authority. -- N. authority; influence, patronage, power, preponderance, credit, prestige, prerogative, jurisdiction; right &c. (title) 924; direction &c. 693; government &c. 737a.
	divine right, dynastic rights, authoritativeness; absoluteness, absolutism; despotism; jus nocendi[Lat]; jus divinum[Lat].
	mastery, mastership, masterdom[obs3]; dictation, control.
	hold, grasp; grip, gripe; reach; iron sway &c. (severity) 739; fangs, clutches, talons; rod of empire &c. (scepter) 747.
	[Vicarious authority] commission &c. 755; deputy &c.759; permission &c. 760.
	{{&has_method: compulsion}}.
	V. authorize &c. (permit) 760; warrant &c. (right) 924; dictate &c. (order) 741.
	be at the head of &c. adj.; hold office, be in office, fill an office; hold master, occupy master, a post master, be master &c. 745.
	have the upper hand, get the upper hand, have the whip, get the whip; gain a hold upon, preponderate, dominate, rule the roost; boss [U.S.]; override, overrule, overawe; lord it over, hold in hand, keep under, make a puppet of, lead by the nose, turn round one's little finger, bend to one's will, hold one's own, wear the breeches; have the ball at one's feet, have it all one's own way, have the game in one's own hand, have on the hip, have under one's thumb; be master of the situation; take the lead, play first fiddle, set the fashion; give the law to; carry with a high hand; lay down the law; "ride in the whirlwind and direct the storm" [Addison]; rule with a rod of iron &c. (severity) 739.
	Adj. at the head, dominant, paramount, supreme, predominant, preponderant, in the ascendant, influential;  arbitrary; compulsory &c. 744: stringent.
	at one's command; in one's power, in one's grasp; under control.
	Adv. in the name of, by the authority of, de par le Roi[Fr], in virtue of; under the auspices of, in the hands of.
	at one's pleasure; by a dash if the pen, by a stroke of the pen; ex mero motu[Lat]; ex cathedra[Lat: from the chair].
	Phr. the gray mare the better horse; "every inch a king" [Lear].

<-- in 4e sections 741 to 748 deal with government and politics.  Lots of words and concepts are new since 1911!  Here we make a start with one heading   Yet to do: take political subdivisions from territory 181 and 780, put them all here. -->
	#737a. Government. -- N.  	{{&has_method: compulsion}}.
	government, legal authority, sovereign, sovereign authority; authority &c. 737; master &c. 745; direction &c. 693.
	[nations] national government, nation, state, country, nation-state, dominion, republic, empire, union, democratic republic; kingdom, principality.
	[subdivisions of nations]  state government[U.S terminology], state; shire[England]; province[Canada]; county[Ireland]; canton[Switzerland]; territory [Australia]; duchy, archduchy, archdukedom[obs3]; woiwodshaft; commonwealth; region &c. 181; property &c. 780.
	[smaller subdivisions] county, parish[Louisiana]; city, domain, tract, arrondissement[Fr], mofussil[obs3], commune,; wappentake, hundred, riding, lathe, garth[obs3], soke[obs3], tithing; ward, precinct, bailiwick.
	command, empire, sway, rule; dominion, domination; sovereignty, supremacy, suzerainty; lordship, headship[obs3]; chiefdom[obs3]; seigniory, seigniority[obs3].
	rule, sway, command, control, administer; govern &c. (direct) 693; lead, preside over, reign, possess the throne, be seated on the throne, occupy the throne; sway the scepter, wield the scepter; wear the crown.
	state, realm, body politic, posse comitatus[Lat].
	[person in the governing authority]  judicature &c. 965; cabinet &c. (council) 696; seat of government, seat of authority; headquarters.
	[Acquisition of authority] accession; installation &c. 755; politics &c. 737a.
	reign, regime, dynasty; directorship, dictatorship; protectorate, protectorship; caliphate, pashalic[obs3], electorate; presidency, presidentship[obs3]; administration; proconsul, consulship; prefecture; seneschalship; magistrature[obs3], magistracy.
	monarchy; kinghood[obs3], kingship; royalty, regality; aristarchy[obs3], aristocracy; oligarchy, democracy, theocracy, demagogy;  commonwealth; dominion; heteronomy; republic, republicanism; socialism; collectivism; mob law, mobocracy[obs3], ochlocracy[obs3]; vox populi, imperium in imperio[Lat]; bureaucracy; beadledom[obs3], bumbledom[obs3]; stratocracy; military power, military government, junta; feodality[obs3], feudal system, feudalism.
	thearchy[obs3], theocracy, dinarchy[obs3]; duarchy[obs3], triarchy, heterarchy[obs3]; duumvirate; triumvirate; autocracy, autonomy; limited monarchy; constitutional government, constitutional monarchy; home rule; representative government; monocracy[obs3], pantisocracy[obs3].
	gynarchy[obs3], gynocracy[obs3], gynaeocracy[obs3]; petticoat government.
	[government divisions] legislature, judiciary, administration.
	[Government agencies and institutions] office of the president, office of the prime minister, cabinet; senate, house of representatives, parliament; council &c. 696; courts, supreme court;  state[U.S. national government departments (list)], interior, labor, health and human services, defense, education, agriculture, justice, commerce, treasury; Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI; Central Intelligence Agency, CIA; National Institutes of Health, NIH; Postal Service, Post Office; Federal Aviation Administration, FAA.
	[national government officials] president, vice president, cabinet member, prime minister, minister; senator, representatative, president pro tem[Lat], speaker of the house; department head, section head, section chief; federal judge, justice, justice of the supreme court, chief justice; treasurer, secretary of the treasury; director of the FBI.
	[state government officials] governor, state cabinet member; state senator, assemblyman, assemblywoman.
	V. govern, rule, have authority, hold authority, possess authority, exercise authority, exert authority, wield authority &c. n.; reign, be sovereign.
	[acquire authority] ascend the throne, mount the throne; take the reins, take the reins into one's hand; assume authority &c. n., assume the reins of government; take command, assume command.
	[contend for authority] politics &c. 737a.
	be governed by, be in the power of, be a subject of, be a citizen of.
	Adj. regal, sovereign, governing; royal, royalist; monarchical, kingly; imperial, imperiatorial[obs3]; princely; feudal; aristocratic, autocratic; oligarchic &c. n.; republican, dynastic.
	ruling &c. v.; regnant, gubernatorial; imperious; authoritative, executive, administrative, clothed with authority, official, departmental, ex officio, imperative, peremptory, overruling, absolute; hegemonic, hegemonical[obs3]; authorized &c. (due) 924.
	[pertaining to property owned by government]  government, public; national, federal;  his majesty's[Great Britain], her majesty's;.state, county, city, &c. n.  
	Phr[cf. nations, subdivisions of nations, smaller subdivisions]. "a dog's obeyed in office" [Lear]; cada uno tiene su alguazil[obs3][Sp]; le Roi le veut[Fr]; regibus esse manus en nescio longas[obs3][Lat]; regnant populi[Lat]; "the demigod Authority " [Measure for Measure]; "the right divine of kings to govern wrong" [Pope]; "uneasy lies the head that wears a crown" [Henry IV].

	#737b. Politics. [contention for governmental authority or influence]. -- N.  politics; political science; candidacy, campaign, campaigning, electioneering; partisanship, ideology, factionalism.
	election, poll, ballot, vote, referendum, recall,  initiative, voice, suffrage, plumper, cumulative vote, plebiscitum[Lat], plebiscite, vox populi; electioneering; voting &c. v.; elective franchise; straight ticket [U.S.]; opinion poll, popularity poll.
	issue; opinion, stand, position; program, platform; party line.
	[ideologies] democracy, republicanism; communism, statism, state socialism; socialism; conservatism, toryism; liberalism, whigism; theocracy; constitutional monarchy.
	[political parties] party &c. 712;  Democratic Party[U.S: list], Republican Party, Socialist Party, Communist Party;  Federalist Party[U.S. defunct parties: list], Bull Moose Party, Abolitionist Party;  Christian Democratic Party[Germany: list], Social Democratic Party;  National Socialist Worker's Party[Germany, 1930-1945], Nazi Party;  Liberal Party[Great Britain:list], Labor Party, Conservative Party.
	ticket, slate.
	[person active in politics]  politician[general], activist;  candidate[specific politicians: list], aspirant, hopeful, office-seeker, front-runner, dark horse, long shot, shoo-in; supporter, backer, political worker, campaign worker; lobbyist, contributor; party hack, ward heeler; regional candidate, favorite son; running mate, stalking horse; perpetual candidate, political animal.
	political contribution, campaign contribution; political action committee, PAC.
	political district, electoral division, electoral district, bailiwick.
	electorate, constituents.
	get-out-the-vote campaign, political education.
	negative campaigning, dirty politics, smear campaign.
	[unsuccessful candidate] also-ran, loser; has-been.
	[successful candidate] office holder, official, occupant of a position; public servant, incumbent; winner.
	V. run for office, stand for office; campaign, stump; throw one's hat in the ring; announce one's candidacy.
	Adj. political, partisan.
	Phr. "Money is the mother's milk of politics " [Tip O'Neill].

	#738. [Absence of authority] Laxity.-- N. laxity; laxness, looseness, slackness; toleration &c. (lenity) 740; freedom &c. 748.
	anarchy, interregnum; relaxation; loosening &c. v.; remission; dead letter, brutum fulmen[Lat], misrule; license, licentiousness; insubordination &c. (disobedience) 742; lynch law &c. (illegality) 964; nihilism, reign of violence.
	[Deprivation of power] dethronement, deposition, usurpation, abdication.
	V. be -lax &c. adj.; laisser faire[Fr], laisser aller[Fr]; hold a loose rein; give the reins to, give rope enough, give a loose to; tolerate; relax; misrule.
	go beyond the length of one's tether; have one's swing, have one's fling; act without instructions, act without authority, act outside of one's authority; act on one's own responsibility, usurp authority.
	dethrone, depose; abdicate.
	Adj. lax, loose; slack; remiss &c. (careless) 460; weak.
	relaxed; licensed; reinless[obs3], unbridled; anarchical; unauthorized &c. (unwarranted) 925; adespotic[obs3].

	#739. Severity. -- N. severity; strictness, harshness &c. adj.; rigor, stringency, austerity; inclemency &c. (pitilessness) 914a; arrogance &c. 885; precisianism[obs3].
	arbitrary power; absolutism, despotism; dictatorship, autocracy, tyranny, domineering, oppression; assumption, usurpation; inquisition, reign of terror, martial law; iron heel, iron rule, iron hand, iron sway; tight grasp; brute force, brute strength; coercion &c. 744; strong hand, tight hand.
	hard lines, hard measure; tender mercies [ironical]; sharp practice; pipe-clay, officialism.
	tyrant, disciplinarian, precisian[obs3], martinet, stickler, bashaw[obs3], despot, hard master, Draco, oppressor, inquisitor, extortioner, harpy, vulture; accipitres[obs3], birds of prey, raptorials[obs3], raptors[obs3].
	V. be -severe &c. adj.
	assume, usurp, arrogate, take liberties; domineer, bully &c. 885; tyrannize, inflict, wreak, stretch a point, put on the screw; be hard upon; bear a heavy hand on, lay a heavy hand on; be down upon, come down upon; ill treat; deal hardly with, deal hard measure to; rule with a rod of iron, chastise with scorpions; dye with blood; oppress, override; trample under foot; tread under foot, tread upon, trample upon, tread down upon, trample down upon; crush under an iron heel, ride roughshod over; rivet the yoke; hold a tight hand, keep a tight hand; force down the throat; coerce &c. 744; give no quarter &c. (pitiless) 914a.
	Adj. severe; strict, hard, harsh, dour, rigid, stiff, stern, rigorous, uncompromising, exacting, exigent, exigeant[obs3], inexorable, inflexible, obdurate, austere, hard-headed, hard-nosed, hard-shell [U.S.], relentless, Spartan, Draconian, stringent, strait-laced, searching, unsparing, iron-handed, peremptory, absolute, positive, arbitrary, imperative; coercive &c. 744; tyrannical, extortionate, grinding, withering, oppressive, inquisitorial; inclement &c. (ruthless) 914a; cruel &c. (malevolent) 907; haughty, arrogant &c. 885; precisian[obs3].
	Adv. severely &c. adj.; with a high hand, with a strong hand, with a tight hand, with a heavy hand.
	at the point of the sword, at the point of the bayonet.
	Phr. Delirant reges plectuntur Achivi[Lat]; manu forti[Lat]; ogni debole ha sempre il suo tiranno[It].

	#740. Lenity. -- N. lenity, lenience, leniency; moderation &c. 174; tolerance, toleration; mildness, gentleness; favor, indulgence, indulgency[obs3]; clemency, mercy, forbearance, quarter; compassion &c. 914.
	V. be -lenient &c. adj.; tolerate, bear with; parcere subjectis[Lat], give quarter.
	indulge, allow one to have his own way, spoil.
	Adj. lenient; mild, mild as milk; gentle, soft; tolerant, indulgent, easy-going; clement &c. (compassionate) 914; forbearing; long-suffering.

	#741. Command. -- N. command, order, ordinance, act, fiat, hukm[obs3], bidding, dictum, hest[obs3], behest, call, beck, nod.
	despatch, dispatch; message, direction, injunction, charge, instructions; appointment, fixture.
	demand, exaction, imposition, requisition, claim, reclamation, revendication[obs3]; ultimatum &c. (terms) 770; request &c. 765; requirement.
	dictation; dictate, mandate; caveat, decree, senatus consultum[Lat]; precept; prescript, rescript; writ, ordination, bull, ex cathedra pronouncement[Lat], edict, decretal[obs3], dispensation, prescription, brevet, placit[obs3], ukase, ukaz [Russian], firman, hatti-sherif[obs3], warrant, passport, mittimus[Law@crim], mandamus, summons, subpoena, nisi prius[Lat], interpellation, citation; word, word of command; mot d'ordre[Fr]; bugle call, trumpet call; beat of drum, tattoo; order of the day; enactment &c. (law) 963; plebiscite &c. (choice) 609.
	V. command, order, decree, enact, ordain, dictate, direct, give orders.
	prescribe, set, appoint, mark out; set a task, prescribe a task, impose a task; set to work, put in requisition.
	bid, enjoin, charge, call upon, instruct; require at the hands of; exact, impose, tax, task; demand; insist on &c. (compel) 744.
	claim, lay claim to, revendicate[obs3], reclaim.
	cite, summon; call for, send for; subpoena; beckon.
	issue a command; make a requisition, issue a requisition, promulgate a requisition, make a decree, issue a decree, promulgate a decree, make an order, issue an order, promulgate an order &c. n.; give the word of command, give the word, give the signal; call to order; give the law, lay down the law; assume the command &c. (authority) 737; remand.
	be -ordered &c.; receive an order &c. n. 
	Adj. commanding &c. v.; authoritative &c. 737; decretory[obs3], decretive[obs3], decretal[obs3]; callable, jussive[obs3].
	Adv. in a commanding tone; by a stroke of the pen, by a dash of the pen; by order, at beat of drum, on the first summons.
	Phr. the decree is gone forth; sic volo sic jubeo[Lat]; le Roi le veut[Fr]; boutez en avant[Fr].

	#742. Disobedience. -- N. disobedience, insubordination, contumacy; infraction, infringement; violation, noncompliance; nonobservance &c. 773.
	revolt, rebellion, mutiny, outbreak, rising, uprising, insurrection, emeute[Fr]; riot, tumult &c. (disorder) 59; strike &c.(resistance) 719; barring out; defiance &c. 715.
	mutinousness &c. adj.; mutineering[obs3]; sedition, treason; high treason, petty treason, misprision of treason; premunire[Lat]; lese majeste[Fr]; violation of law &c. 964; defection, secession.
	insurgent, mutineer, rebel, revolter, revolutionary, rioter, traitor, quisling,  carbonaro[obs3], sansculottes[Fr], red republican, bonnet rouge, communist, Fenian, frondeur; seceder, secessionist, runagate, renegade, brawler, anarchist, demagogue; Spartacus, Masaniello, Wat Tyler, Jack Cade; ringleader.
	V. disobey, violate, infringe; shirk; set at defiance &c. (defy) 715; set authority at naught, run riot, fly in the face of; take the law into one's own hands; kick over the traces.
	turn restive, run restive; champ the bit; strike &c. (resist) 719; rise, rise in arms; secede; mutiny, rebel.
	Adj. disobedient; uncomplying, uncompliant; unsubmissive[obs3], unruly, ungovernable; breachy[obs3], insubordinate, impatient of control, incorrigible; restiff[obs1], restive; refractory, contumacious, recusant &c. (refuse) 764; recalcitrant; resisting &c. 719; lawless, mutinous, seditions, insurgent, riotous.
	unobeyed[obs3]; unbidden.
	Phr. seditiosissimus quisque ignavus [Lat][Tacitus]; "unthread the rude eye of rebellion" [King John].

	#743. Obedience.-- N. obedience; observance &c. 772; compliance; submission &c. 725; subjection &c. 749; nonresistance; passiveness, resignation.
	allegiance, loyalty, fealty, homage, deference, devotion; constancy, fidelity.
	submissness[obs3], submissiveness; ductility &c. (softness) 324; obsequiousness &c. (servility) 886.
	V. be -obedient &c. adj.; obey, bear obedience to; submit &c. 725; comply, answer the helm, come at one's call; do one's bidding, do what one is told, do suit and service; attend to orders, serve faithfully.
	follow the lead of, follow to the world's end; serve &c. 746; play second fiddle.
	Adj. obedient; complying, compliant; loyal, faithful, devoted; at one's call, at one's command, at one's orders, at one's beck and call; under beck and call, under control.
	restrainable; resigned, passive; submissive &c. 725; henpecked; pliant &c. (soft) 324.
	unresisted[obs3].
	Adv. obediently &c. adj.; in compliance with, in obedience to.
	Phr. to hear is to obey; as you please, if you please; your wish is my command; as you wish; no sooner said than done.

<-- 744 compulsion to causes of volition  M7.1.2.2 -->
	#745. Master. -- N. master, padrone; lord, lord paramount; commander, commandant; captain; chief, chieftain; sirdar[obs3], sachem, sheik, head, senior, governor, ruler, dictator; leader &c. (director) 694; boss, cockarouse[obs3], sagamore[ISA:chief@algonquin], werowance[obs3].
	lord of the ascendant; cock of the walk, cock of the roost; gray mare; mistress.
	potentate; liege, liege lord; suzerain, sovereign, monarch, autocrat, despot, tyrant, oligarch.
	crowned head, emperor, king, anointed king, majesty, imperator[Lat], protector, president, stadholder[obs3], judge.
	ceasar, kaiser, czar, tsar, sultan, soldan[obs1], grand Turk, caliph, imaum[obs3], shah, padishah[obs3], sophi[obs3], mogul, great mogul, khan, lama, tycoon, mikado, tenno[Jap], inca, cazique[obs3]; voivode[obs3]; landamman[obs3]; seyyid[obs3]; Abuna[obs3], cacique[obs3], czarowitz[obs3], grand seignior.
	prince, duke &c. (nobility) 875; archduke, doge, elector; seignior; marland[obs3], margrave; rajah, emir, wali, sheik nizam[obs3], nawab.
	empress, queen, sultana, czarina, princess, infanta, duchess, margravine[obs3]; czarevna[obs3], czarita[obs3]; maharani, rani, rectrix[obs3].
	regent, viceroy, exarch[obs3], palatine, khedive, hospodar[obs3], beglerbeg[obs3], three-tailed bashaw[obs3], pasha, bashaw[obs3], bey, beg, dey[obs3], scherif[obs3], tetrarch, satrap, mandarin, subahdar[obs3], nabob, maharajah; burgrave[obs3]; laird &c. (proprietor) 779; collector, commissioner, deputy commissioner, woon[obs3].
	the authorities, the powers that be, the government; staff, etat major[Fr], aga[obs3], official, man in office, person in authority; sircar[obs3], sirkar[obs3], Sublime Porte.
	[Military authorities] marshal, field marshal, marechal[obs3]; general, generalissimo; commander in chief, seraskier[obs3], hetman[obs3]; lieutenant general, major general; colonel, lieutenant colonel, major, captain, centurion, skipper, lieutenant, first lieutenant, second lieutenant, sublieutenant, officer, staff officer, aide-de-camp, brigadier, brigade major, adjutant, jemidar[obs3], ensign, cornet, cadet, subaltern, noncommissioned officer, warrant officer; sergeant, sergeant major; color sergeant; corporal, corporal major; lance corporal, acting corporal; drum major; captain general, dizdar[obs3], knight marshal, naik[obs3], pendragon.
	[Civil authorities] mayor, mayoralty; prefect, chancellor, archon, provost, magistrate, syndic; alcalde[obs3], alcaid[obs3]; burgomaster, corregidor[obs3], seneschal, alderman, councilman, committeeman, councilwoman, warden, constable, portreeve[obs3]; lord mayor; officer &c. (executive) 965; dewan[obs3], fonctionnaire[Fr].
	[Naval authorities] admiral, admiralty; rear admiral, vice admiral, port admiral; commodore, captain, commander, lieutenant, ensign, skipper, mate, master, officer of the day, OD; navarch[obs3].
	Phr. da locum melioribus[Lat]; der Furst ist der erste Diener seines Staats [German: the prince is the first servant of his state]; "lord of thy presence and no land beside" [King John].

	#746. Servant. -- N. subject, liegeman[obs3]; servant, retainer, follower, henchman, servitor, domestic, menial, help, lady help, employe, attache; official.
	retinue, suite, cortege, staff, court.
	attendant, squire, usher, page, donzel[obs3], footboy[obs3]; train bearer, cup bearer; waiter, lapster[obs3], butler, livery servant, lackey, footman, flunky, flunkey, valet, valet de chambre[Fr]; equerry, groom; jockey, hostler, ostler[obs3], tiger, orderly, messenger, cad, gillie[obs3], herdsman, swineherd; barkeeper, bartender; bell boy, boots, boy, counterjumper[obs3]; khansamah[obs3], khansaman[obs3]; khitmutgar[obs3]; yardman.
	bailiff, castellan[obs3], seneschal, chamberlain, major-domo[obs3], groom of the chambers.
	secretary; under secretary, assistant secretary; clerk; subsidiary; agent &c. 758; subaltern; underling, understrapper; man.
	maid, maidservant; handmaid; confidente[Fr], lady's maid, abigail, soubrette; amah[obs3], biddy, nurse, bonne[Fr], ayah[obs3]; nursemaid, nursery maid, house maid, parlor maid, waiting maid, chamber maid, kitchen maid, scullery maid; femme de chambre[Fr], femme fille[Fr]; camarista[obs3]; chef de cuisine,cordon bleu[Fr], cook, scullion, Cinderella; potwalloper[obs3]; maid of all work, servant of all work; laundress, bedmaker[obs3]; journeyman, charwoman &c. (worker) 690; bearer, chokra[obs3], gyp [Cambridge], hamal[obs3], scout [Oxford].
	serf, vassal, slave, negro, helot; bondsman, bondswoman[obs3]; bondslave[obs3]; ame damnee[Fr], odalisque, ryot[obs3], adscriptus gleboe[Lat]; villian[obs3], villein; beadsman[obs3], bedesman[obs3]; sizar[obs3]; pensioner, pensionary[obs3]; client; dependant, dependent; hanger on, satellite; parasite &c. (servility) 886; led captain; protege[Fr], ward, hireling, mercenary, puppet, tool, creature.
	badge of slavery; bonds &c. 752.
	V. serve; wait upon, attend upon, dance attendance upon, pin oneself upon; squire, tend, hang on the sleeve of; chore [U.S.].
	Adj. in the train of; in one's pay, in one's employ; at one's call &c. (obedient) 743; in bonds.

	#747. [Insignia of authority.] Scepter. -- N. scepter, regalia, caduceus; Mercury's rod, Mercury's staff, Mercury's wand; rod of empire, mace, fasces[obs3], wand; staff, staff of office; baton, truncheon; flag &c. (insignia) 550; ensign of authority, emblem of authority, badge of authority, insignia of authority.
	throne, chair, musnud[obs3], divan, dais, woolsack[obs3].
	toga, pall, mantle, robes of state, ermine, purple.
	crown, coronet, diadem, tiara, cap of maintenance; decoration; title &c. 877; portfolio.
	key, signet, seals, talisman; helm; reins &c. (means of restraint) 752.

	#748. Freedom. -- N. freedom, liberty, independence; license &c. (permission) 760; facility &c. 705.
	scope, range, latitude, play; free play, full play, free scope, full scope; free stage and no favor; swing, full swing, elbowroom, margin, rope, wide berth; Liberty Hall.
	franchise, denization[obs3]; free man, freed man, livery man; denizen.
	autonomy, self-government, liberalism, free trade; noninterference &c. 706; Monroe Doctrine [U.S.].
	immunity, exemption; emancipation &c. (liberation) 750; enfranchisement, affranchisement[obs3].
	free land, freehold; allodium[obs3]; frankalmoigne[Fr], mortmain[Fr].
	bushwhacker; freelance, free thinker, free trader; independent.
	V. be free &c. adj.; have scope &c. n., have the run of, have one's own way, have a will of one's own, have one's fling; do what one likes, do what one wishes, do what one pleases, do what one chooses; go at large, feel at home, paddle one's own canoe; stand on one's legs, stand on one's rights; shift for oneself.
	take a liberty; make free with, make oneself quite at home; use a freedom; take leave, take French leave.
	set free &c. (liberate) 750; give a loose to &c. (permit) 760; allow scope &c. n. to, give scope &c. n. to; give a horse his head.
	make free of; give the freedom of, give the franchise; enfranchise, affranchise[obs3].
	laisser faire[Fr], laisser aller[Fr]; live and let live; leave to oneself; leave alone, let alone.
	Adj. free, free as air; out of harness, independent, at large, loose, scot-free; left alone, left to oneself.
	in full swing; uncaught, unconstrained, unbuttoned, unconfined, unrestrained, unchecked, unprevented[obs3], unhindered, unobstructed, unbound, uncontrolled, untrammeled.
	unsubject[obs3], ungoverned, unenslaved[obs3], unenthralled[obs3], unchained, unshackled, unfettered, unreined[obs3], unbridled, uncurbed, unmuzzled.
	unrestricted, unlimited, unmitigated, unconditional; absolute; discretionary &c. (optional) 600.
	unassailed, unforced, uncompelled.
	unbiassed[obs3], spontaneous.
	free and easy; at ease, at one's ease; degage[Fr], quite at home; wanton, rampant, irrepressible, unvanquished[obs3].
	exempt; freed &c. 750; freeborn; autonomous, freehold, allodial[obs3]; gratis &c. 815; eleutherian[obs3].
	unclaimed, going a begging.
	Adv. freely &c. adj.; ad libitum &c. (at will) 600.
	Phr. ubi libertas ibi patria[Lat]; free white and twenty-one.

	#749. Subjection. -- N. subjection; dependence, dependency; subordination; thrall, thralldom, thraldom, enthrallment, subjugation, bondage, serfdom; feudalism, feudality[obs3]; vassalage, villenage; slavery, enslavement, involuntary servitude; conquest.
	service; servitude, servitorship[obs3]; tendence[obs3], employ, tutelage, clientship[obs3]; liability &c. 177; constraint &c.751; oppression &c. (severity) 739; yoke &c. (means of restraint) 752; submission &c. 725; obedience &c. 743.
	V. be subject &c. adj.; be at the mercy of, lie at the mercy of; depend upon, lean upon, hang upon; fall a prey to, fall under; play second fiddle.
	be a mere machine, be a puppet, be a football; not dare to say one's soul is his own; drag a chain.
	serve &c. 746; obey &c. 743; submit &c. 725.
	break in, tame; subject, subjugate; master &c. 731; tread down, tread under foot; weigh down; drag at one's chariot wheels; reduce to subjection, reduce to slavery; enthrall, inthrall[obs3], bethrall[obs3]; enslave, lead captive; take into custody &c. (restrain) 751; rule &c. 737; drive into a corner, hold at the sword's point; keep under; hold in bondage, hold in leading strings, hold in swaddling clothes.
	Adj. subject, dependent, subordinate; feudal, feudatory; in subjection to, under control; in leading strings, in harness; subjected, enslaved &c. v.; constrained &c. 751; downtrodden; overborne, overwhelmed; under the lash, on the hip, led by the nose, henpecked; the puppet of, the sport of, the plaything of; under one's orders, under one's command, under one's thumb; a slave to; at the mercy of; in the power of, in the hands of, in the clutches of; at the feet of; at one's beck and call &c. (obedient) 743; liable &c. 177; parasitical; stipendiary.
	Adv. under.
	Phr. "slaves - in a land of light and law" [Whittier].

	#750. Liberation. -- N. liberation, disengagement, release, enlargement, emancipation; disenthrallment[obs3], disenthralment[obs3]; affranchisement[obs3], enfranchisement; manumission; discharge, dismissal.
	deliverance &c. 672; redemption, extrication, acquittance, absolution; acquittal &c. 970; escape &c.671.
	V. liberate, free; set free, set clear, set at liberty; render free, emancipate, release; enfranchise, affranchise[obs3]; manumit; enlarge; disband, discharge, disenthrall, disenthral, dismiss; let go, let loose, loose, let out, let slip; cast adrift, turn adrift; deliver &c. 672; absolve &c. (acquit) 970.
	unfetter &c. 751, untie &c. 43; loose &c. (disjoin) 44; loosen, relax,; unbolt, unbar, unclose, uncork, unclog, unhand, unbind, unchain, unharness, unleash; disengage, disentangle; clear, extricate, unloose.
	gain one's liberty, obtain one's liberty, acquire one's liberty &c. 748; get rid of, get clear of; deliver oneself from; shake off the yoke, slip the collar; break loose, break prison; tear asunder one's bonds, cast off trammels; escape &c. 671.
	Adj. liberated &c. v.; out of harness &c. (free) 748.
	Int. unhand me! let me go!

	#751. Restraint.-- N. {{has_function(restraint, P2.3.1.3.11.2.1)}} restraint.
	hindrance &c. 706; coercion &c. (compulsion) 744; cohibition[obs3], constraint, repression, suppression; discipline, control.
	confinement, captivity; imprisonment; incarceration, coarctation[obs1]; entombment; durance, duress; mancipation[obs3], durance vile, limbo; blockade.
	arrest, arrestation[obs3]; custody, keep, care, charge, ward, restringency[obs3].
	{{function_of(confinement/imprisonment): @R752, @P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.3, prison, jail}}.
	lettres de cachet[Fr].
	limitation, restriction, protection, monopoly; prohibition &c. 761.
	{{has_patient(imprisonment): prisoner, R754, P2.3.2.3.2.5.69  Prisoner}}.
	{{job_of(imprisonment/custody): Keeper, R753, P2.3.2.3.2.5.68}}.
	repressionist[obs3].
	V. restrain, check; put under restraint, lay under restraint; enthral, enthrall, inthral[obs3], inthrall[obs3], bethral[obs3], bethrall[obs3]; restrict; debar &c. (hinder) 706; constrain; coerce &c. (compel) 744; curb, control; hold back, hold from, hold in, hold in check, hold within bounds, keep back, keep from, keep in, keep in check, keep within bounds; hold in leash, hold in leading strings; withhold.
	keep under; repress, suppress; smother; pull in, rein in; hold, hold fast; keep a tight hand on; prohibit &c. 761; inhibit, cohibit[obs3].
	enchain; fasten &c. (join) 43; fetter, shackle; entrammel[obs3]; bridle, muzzle, hopple[obs3], gag, pinion, manacle, handcuff, tie one's hands, hobble,  bind hand and foot; swathe, swaddle; pin down, tether; picket; tie down, tie up; secure; forge fetters; disable, hamstring (incapacitate) 158.
	confine; shut up, shut in; clap up, lock up, box up, mew up, bottle up, cork up, seal up, button up; hem in, bolt in, wall in, rail in; impound, pen, coop; inclose &c. (circumscribe) 229; cage; incage[obs3], encage[obs3]; close the door upon, cloister; imprison, immure; incarcerate, entomb; clap under hatches, lay under hatches; put in irons, put in a strait-waistcoat; throw into prison, cast into prison; put into bilboes.
	arrest; take up, take charge of, take into custody; take prisoner, take captive, make prisoner, make captive; captivate; lead captive, lead into captivity; send to prison, commit to prison; commit; give in charge, give in custody; subjugate &c. 749.
	Adj. restrained, constrained; imprisoned &c.v.; pent up; jammed in, wedged in; under lock and key, under restraint, under hatches; in swaddling clothes; on parole; in custody, doing time &c. (prisoner) 754; cohibitive[obs3]; coactive &c. (compulsory) 744[obs3].
	stiff, restringent[obs3], strait-laced, hidebound, barkbound[obs3].
	ice bound, wind bound, weather bound; "cabined cribbed confined" [Macbeth]; in Lob's pound, laid by the heels.

<-- R752, means of restraint, prison moved to restraint, P2.3.1.3.11.2.1
   R753, Keeper, and R754, Prisoner moved to Person  
P2.3.2.3.2.5.68  Keeper  (R753)
P2.3.2.3.2.5.69  Prisoner  (R754)
-->

	#755. [Vicarious authority.] Commission. -- N. commission, delegation; consignment, assignment; procuration[obs3]; deputation, legation, mission, embassy; agency, agentship[obs3]; power of attorney; clerkship; surrogacy.
	errand, charge, brevet, diploma, exequatur[Lat], permit &c. (permission) 760.
	appointment, nomination, designation, return; charter; ordination; installation, inauguration, investiture, swearing-in; accession, coronation, enthronement.
	vicegerency; regency, regentship.
	viceroy &c. 745; consignee &c. 758; deputy &c. 759.
	[person who receives a commission] agent, delegate, consignee &c. 758.
	V. commission, delegate, depute; consign, assign; charge; intrust, entrust; commit, commit to the hands of; authorize &c. (permit) 760.
	put in commission, accredit, engage, hire, bespeak, appoint, name, nominate, return, ordain; install, induct, inaugurate, swear in, invest, crown; enroll, enlist; give power of attorney to.
	employ, empower; set over, place over; send out.
	be commissioned, be accredited; represent, stand for; stand in the stead of, stand in the place of, stand in the shoes of.
	Adj. commissioned &c. v.
	Adv. per procurationem[Lat].

	#756. Abrogation. -- N. abrogation, annulment, nullification, recision; vacatur[Lat]; canceling &c. v.; cancel; revocation, revokement[obs3]; repeal, rescission, defeasance.
	dismissal, conge[Fr], demission[obs1]; bounce* [U.S.]; deposal, deposition; dethronement; disestablishment, disendowment[obs3]; deconsecration; sack*, walking papers, pink slip, walking ticket; yellow cover*.
	abolition, abolishment; dissolution.
	counter order, countermand; repudiation, retraction, retractation[obs3]; recantation &c. (tergiversation) 607; abolitionist.
	V. abrogate, annul, cancel;   destroy &c. 162; abolish; revoke, repeal, rescind, reverse, retract, recall; abolitionize[obs3]; overrule, override; set aside; disannul, dissolve, quash, nullify, declare null and void; disestablish, disendow[obs3]; deconsecrate.
	disclaim &c. (deny) 536; ignore, repudiate; recant &c. 607; divest oneself, break off.
	countermand, counter order; do away with; sweep away, brush away; throw overboard, throw to the dogs; scatter to the winds, cast behind.
	dismiss, discard; cast off, turn off, cast out, cast adrift, cast out of doors, cast aside, cast away; send off, send away, send packing, send about one's business; discharge, get rid of &c. (eject) 297; bounce* [U.S.]; fire*, fire out*; sack*.
	cashier; break; oust; unseat, unsaddle; unthrone[obs3], dethrone, disenthrone[obs3]; depose, uncrown[obs3]; unfrock, strike off the roll; disbar, disbench[obs3].
	be abrogated &c.; receive its quietus; walk the plank.
	Adj. abrogated &c. v.; functus officio[Lat].
	Int. get along with you! begone! go about your business! away with!

	#757. Resignation. -- N.  resignation, retirement, abdication, renunciation, abjuration, abnegation; abandonment, relinquishment.
	V. resign; give up, throw up; lay down, throw up the cards, wash one's hands of, abjure, renounce, abnegate, forego, disclaim, retract; deny &c. 536.
	abrogate &c. 756; desert &c. (relinquish) 624; get rid of &c. 782.
	abdicate; vacate, vacate one's seat; accept the stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds; retire; tender one's resignation.
	Adj. abdicant[obs3].
	Phr. "Othello's occupation's gone" [Othello].

	#758. Consignee. -- N. consignee, trustee, nominee, committee.
	agent, delegate; commissary, commissioner; emissary, envoy, commissionaire[Fr],; messenger &c. 534.
	diplomatist, diplomat(e), corps diplomatique[Fr], embassy; ambassador, embassador[obs3]; representative, resident, consul, legate, nuncio, internuncio[obs3], charge d'affaires[Fr], attache.
	vicegerent &c. (deputy) 759; plenipotentiary.
	functionary, placeman[obs3], curator; treasurer &c. 801; factor, bailiff, clerk, secretary, attorney, advocate, solicitor, proctor, broker, underwriter, commission agent, auctioneer, one's man of business; factotum &c. (director) 694; caretaker; dalal[obs3], dubash[obs3], garnishee, gomashta[obs3].
	negotiator, go-between; middleman; under agent, employe; servant &c. 746; referee, arbitrator &c.. (judge) 967.
	traveler, bagman, commis-voyageur[Fr], touter[obs3], commercial traveler, drummer [U.S.], traveling man.
	newspaper correspondent, own correspondent, special correspondent.

	#759. Deputy. -- N. deputy, substitute, vice, proxy, locum tenens, badli[obs3], delegate, representative, next friend, surrogate, secondary.
	regent, viceregent[obs3], vizier, minister, vicar; premier &c. (director) 694; chancellor, prefect, provost, warden, lieutenant, archon, consul, proconsul; viceroy &c. (governor) 745; commissioner &c. 758; Tsung-li Yamen, Wai Wu Pu; plenipotentiary, alter ego. 
	team, eight, eleven; champion.
	V. be deputy &c. n.; stand for, appear for, hold a brief for, answer for; represent; stand in the shoes of, walk in the shoes of; stand in the stead of.
	ablegate[obs3], accredit.
	Adj. acting, vice, vice regal; accredited to.
	Adv. in behalf of.

M9.1.2   SPECIAL INTERSOCIAL VOLITION  R760 to R767
<--   	760.	Permission				761. Prohibition
		762.	Consent
		763.	Offer					764. Refusal
		765.	Request					766. Deprecation
		767.	Petitioner
-->
	#760. Permission. -- N. permission, leave; allowance, sufferance; tolerance, toleration; liberty, law, license, concession, grace; indulgence &c. (lenity) 740; favor, dispensation, exemption, release; connivance; vouchsafement[obs3].
	authorization, warranty, accordance, admission.
	permit, warrant, brevet, precept, sanction, authority, firman; hukm[obs3]; pass, passport; furlough, license, carte blanche[Fr], ticket of leave; grant, charter; patent, letters patent.
	V. permit; give permission &c. n., give power; let, allow, admit; suffer, bear with, tolerate, recognize; concede &c. 762; accord, vouchsafe, favor, humor, gratify, indulge, stretch a point; wink at, connive at; shut one's eyes to.
	grant, empower, charter, enfranchise, privilege, confer a privilege, license, authorize, warrant; sanction; intrust &c. (commission) 755.
	give carte blanche[Fr], give the reins to, give scope to &c. (freedom) 748; leave alone, leave it to one, leave the door open; open the door to, open the flood gates; give a loose to.
	let off; absolve &c. (acquit) 970; release, exonerate, dispense with.
	ask permission, beg permission, request permission, ask leave, beg leave, request leave.
	Adj. permitting &c. v.; permissive, indulgent; permitted &c. v.; patent, chartered, permissible, allowable, lawful, legitimate, legal; legalized &c. (law) 963; licit; unforbid[obs3], unforbidden[obs3]; unconditional.
	Adv. by leave, with leave, on leave &c. n.; speciali gratia[It]; under favor of; pace; ad libitum &c. (freely) 748, (at will) 600; by all means &c. (willingly) 602; yes &c. (assent) 488.
	Phr. avec permissin[Fr]; brevet d'invention [Fr].
	Imperitive.  please, please do; please do not hesitate to, please feel free to; feel free; by all means do; don't bother asking, no need to ask.

	#761. Prohibition. -- N. prohibition, inhibition; veto, disallowance; interdict, interdiction; injunction, estoppel[Law]; embargo, ban, taboo, proscription; index expurgatorius[Lat]; restriction &c. (restraint) 751; hindrance &c.706; forbidden fruit; Maine law [U.S.].
	V. prohibit, inhibit; forbid, put one's veto upon, disallow, enjoin, ban, outlaw, taboo, proscribe, estop[Law]; bar; debar &c. (hinder) 706, forefend.
	keep in, keep within bounds; restrain &c. 751; cohibit[obs3], withhold, limit, circumscribe, clip the wings of, restrict; interdict, taboo; put under an interdiction, place under an interdiction; put under the ban, place under the ban; proscribe; exclude, shut out; shut the door, bolt the door, show the door; warn off; dash the cup from one's lips; forbid the banns.
	Adj. prohibitive, prohibitory; proscriptive; restrictive, exclusive; forbidding &c. v.
	prohibited &c. v.; not permitted &c. 760; unlicensed, contraband, impermissible, under the ban of; illegal &c. 964; unauthorized, not to be thought of, uncountenanced, unthinkable, beyond the pale.
	Adv. on no account &c. (no) 536.
	Int. forbid it heaven! &c. (deprecation) 766.
	hands off! keep off! hold! stop! desist! cease and desist! avast!
	Phr. that will never do; don't you dare; forget it; don't even think about doing it;"go ahead; make my day [ironical, threatening]" [Dirty Harry].

<-- accord at 488 is used to indicate agreement generally, and
  consent here is to indicate agreement with the proposal of another.  In Roget, 488 was labeled "assent" with the sense of accord, but that label confused the two meanings of "assent", which are distinct enough for separate entries.  The older arrangement was probably due to the placement of "agreement" in the social sense under the abstract relations, which we want to keep separate. -->
	#762. Consent. -- N. {{has_subtype(accord, R488)}} consent, assent, assentment[obs3];  acquiescence, agreement, accession, nod.
	{{similar_to: approval &c. 931}}.
	concession; yieldance[obs1], yieldingness[obs3]; accession, acknowledgment, acceptance, subscription, agnition[obs1].
	settlement, ratification.
	compliance.
	permit &c. (permission) 760; promise &c. 768.
	{{mcauses}} {{has_subtype(adjustment, R23)}} adjustment, adaptation.
	ratification, confirmation, corroboration, visa.
	{{similar_to(ratification): endorsement &c. (record) 551}}.
	affirmance, affirmation;  recognition, acknowledgment, admission, avowal; confession of faith.
	conformity.
	{{has_subtype(conformity): fashion, R852; custom, R613}}.
	{{mcaused_by(conformity)}} pressure to conform, herd instinct, peer pressure.
	{{&mcaused_by(conformity): imitation}} 
	{{mcauses(compulsion, R744)}} forced agreement.
	{{&mcaused_by}} {{has_subtype(moderation, R174)}} pacification, placating, mollifying.
	{{&mcaused_by: compromise, R774}} 
	V. {{has_subtype(accord, R488)}} consent, assent; yield assent, admit, allow, accede, concede, grant, yield.
	come round, come over, give into, relent.
	acknowledge, agnize[obs3], give consent, comply with, acquiesce, agree to, fall in with, accede, accept, subscribe to; embrace an offer, close with, take at one's word, have no objection.
	satisfy, meet one's wishes, settle, come to terms &c. 488; not refuse &c. 764; turn a willing ear &c. (willingness) 602; jump at; deign, vouchsafe; promise &c. 768.
	{{mcaused_by}} mollify, pacify.
	Adj. consenting &c. v.; squeezable; agreed &c. (assent) 488; unconditional.
	mollifying, remollient[obs3].
	Adv. OK, yes &c. (assent) 488; by all means &c. (willingly) 602; no problem; if you please, as you please; be it so, so be it, well and good, of course; please do; don't hesitate.
	Phr. chi tace accousente[It][obs3].

	#763. Offer. -- N. offer, proffer, presentation, tender, bid, overture; proposal, proposition; motion, invitation; candidature; offering &c. (gift) 784.
	V. offer, proffer, present, tender; bid; propose, move; make a motion, make advances; start; invite, hold out, place in one's way, put forward.
	hawk about; offer for sale &c. 796; press &c. (request) 765; lay at one's feet.
	offer oneself, present oneself; volunteer, come forward, be a candidate; stand for, bid for; seek; be at one's service; go a begging; bribe &c. (give) 784.
	Adj. offering, offered &c. v.; in the market, for sale, to let, disengaged, on hire.

	#764. Refusal. -- N. refusal, rejection; noncompliance, incompliance[obs3]; denial; declining &c. v.; declension; declinature[obs3]; peremptory refusal, flat refusal, point blank refusal; repulse, rebuff; discountenance.
	recusancy, abnegation, protest, disclaimer; dissent &c. 489; revocation &c. 756.
	V. refuse, reject, deny, decline, turn down; nill, negative; refuse one's assent, withhold one's assent; shake the head; close the hand, close the purse; grudge, begrudge, be slow to, hang fire; pass [at cards].
	be deaf to; dismiss, turn a deaf ear to, turn one's back upon; set one's face against, discountenance, not hear of, have nothing to do with, wash one's hands of, stand aloof, forswear, set aside, cast behind one; not yield an inch &c. (obstinacy) 606.
	resist, cross; not grant &c. 762; repel, repulse, shut the door in one's face, slam the door in one's face; rebuff; send back, send to the right about, send away with a flea in the ear; deny oneself, not be at home to; discard, spurn,  &c. (repudiate) 610; rescind &c. (revoke) 756; disclaim, protest; dissent &c. 489.
	Adj. refusing &c. v.; restive, restiff[obs1]; recusant; uncomplying, unconsenting; not willing to hear of, deaf to.
	refused &c. v.; ungranted, out of the question, not to be thought of, impossible.
	Adv. no &c. 536; on no account, not for the world; no thank you, thanks but no thanks.
	Phr. non possumus[Lat];  your humble servant[ironically]; bien oblige[Fr]; not on your life [U.S.]; no way; not even if you beg on your knees.

	#765. Request. -- N. request, requisition; claim &c. (demand) 741; petition, suit, prayer; begging letter, round robin.
	motion, overture, application, canvass, address, appeal, apostrophe; imprecation; rogation; proposal, proposition.
	orison &c. (worship) 990; incantation &c. (spell) 993.
	mendicancy; asking, begging &c. v.; postulation, solicitation, invitation, entreaty, importunity, supplication, instance, impetration[obs3], imploration[obs3], obsecration[obs3], obtestation[obs3], invocation, interpellation.
	V. request, ask; beg, crave, sue, pray, petition, solicit, invite, pop the question, make bold to ask; beg leave, beg a boon; apply to, call to, put to; call upon, call for; make a request, address a request, prefer a request, put up a request, make a prayer, address a prayer, prefer a prayer, put up a prayer, make a petition, address a petition, prefer a petition, put up a petition; make application, make a requisition; ask trouble, ask one for; claim &c. (demand) 741; offer up prayers &c. (worship) 990; whistle for.
	beg hard, entreat, beseech, plead, supplicate, implore; conjure, adjure; obtest[obs3]; cry to, kneel to, appeal to; invoke, evoke; impetrate[obs3], imprecate, ply, press, urge, beset, importune, dun, tax, clamor for; cry aloud, cry for help; fall on one's knees; throw oneself at the feet of; come down on one's marrowbones.
	beg from door to door, send the hat round, go a begging; mendicate[obs3], mump[obs3], cadge, beg one's bread.
	dance attendance on, besiege, knock at the door.
	bespeak, canvass, tout, make interest, court; seek, bid for &c. (offer) 763; publish the banns.
	Adj. requesting &c. v.; precatory[obs3]; suppliant, supplicant, supplicatory; postulant; obsecratory[obs3].
	importunate, clamorous, urgent; cap in hand; on one's knees, on one's bended knees, on one's marrowbones.
	Adv. prithee, do, please, pray; be so good as, be good enough; have the goodness, vouchsafe, will you, I pray thee, if you please.
	Int. for God's sake! for heaven's sake! for goodness' sake! for mercy's sake!
	Phr. Dieu vous garde[Fr]; dirigenos Domine[Lat]; would you be so kind as to.

	#766. [Negative request.] Deprecation. -- N. deprecation, expostulation; intercession, mediation, protest, remonstrance.
	V. deprecate, protest, expostulate, enter a protest, intercede for; remonstrate.
	Adj. deprecatory, expostulatory[obs3], intercessory, mediatorial[obs3].
	deprecated, protested.
	unsought, unbesought[obs3]; unasked &c. (see ask &c. 765).
	Int. cry you mercy! God forbid! forbid it Heaven! Heaven forefend, Heaven forbid! far be it from! hands off! &c. (prohibition) 761; please don't.

	#767. Petitioner. -- N. petitioner, solicitor, applicant; suppliant, supplicant; suitor, candidate, claimant, postulant, aspirant, competitor, bidder; place hunter, pot hunter; prizer[obs3]; seeker.
	beggar, mendicant, moocher, panhandler, freeloader, sponger, mumper[obs3], sturdy beggar, cadger; hotel runner, runner, steerer [U.S.], tout, touter[obs3].
	[poor person] pauper, homeless person, hobo, bum, tramp, bindle stiff, bo, knight of the road (poverty) 804; hippie, flower child; hard core unemployed; welfare client, welfare case.
	canvasser, bagman &c.758; salesman.

M9.1.3  CONDITIONAL.INTERSOCIAL VOLITION  R768 to R774
<--   	768.	Promise					768a. Release
		769.	Compact
		770.	Conditions
		771.	Security
		772.	Observance				773. Nonobservance
					774. Compromise
-->
	#768. Promise. -- N. promise, undertaking, word, troth, plight, pledge, parole, word of honor, vow; oath &c. (affirmation) 535; profession, assurance, warranty, guarantee, insurance, obligation; contract &c. 769; stipulation.
	engagement, preengagement; affiance; betroth, betrothal, betrothment.
	V. promise; give a promise &c. n.; undertake, engage; make an engagement, form an engagement; enter into an engagement, enter on an engagement; bind oneself, tie oneself, pledge oneself, commit oneself, take upon oneself; vow; swear &c. (affirm) 535, give one's word, pass one's word, pledge one's word, plight one's word, give one's honor, pass one's honor, pledge one's honor, plight one's honor, give credit, pass credit, pledge credit, plight credit, give troth, pass troth, pledge troth, plight troth; betroth, plight faith.
	assure, warrant, guarantee; covenant &c. 769; attest &c. (bear witness) 467.
	hold out an expectation; contract an obligation; become bound to, become sponsor for; answer for, be answerable for; secure; give security &c. 771; underwrite.
	adjure, administer an oath, put to one's oath, swear a witness.
	Adj. promising &c. v.; promissory; votive; under hand and seal, upon oath.
	promised &c. v.; affianced, pledged, bound; committed, compromised; in for it.
	Adv. as one's head shall answer for.
	Phr. in for a penny in for a pound; ex voto[Lat]; gage d'amour.

	#768a. Release from engagement. -- N. release &c. (liberation) 750.
	Adj. absolute; unconditional &c. (free) 748.

	#769. Compact. -- N. compact, contract, agreement, bargain; affidation[obs3]; pact, paction[obs3]; bond, covenant, indenture; bundobast[obs3], deal.
	stipulation, settlement, convention; compromise, cartel.
	Protocol, treaty, concordat, Zollverein[Ger], Sonderbund[Ger], charter, Magna Charta[Lat], Progmatic Sanction, customs union, free trade region; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT; most favored nation status.
	{{result_of: negotiation &c. (bargaining) 794; diplomacy &c. (mediation) 724}}.
	{{performed_by: party; negotiator &c. (agent) 758}}.
	ratification, completion, signature, seal, sigil[Lat], signet.
	V. contract, covenant, agree for; engage &c. (promise) 768.
	treat, negotiate, stipulate, make terms; bargain &c. (barter) 794.
	make a bargain, strike a bargain; come to terms, come to an understanding; compromise &c. 774; set at rest; close, close with; conclude, complete, settle; confirm, ratify, clench, subscribe, underwrite; endorse, indorse; put the seal to; sign, seal &c. (attest) 467; indent.
	take one at one's word, bargain by inch of candle.
	Adj. agreed &c. v.; conventional; under hand and seal.
	Phr. caveat emptor.

	#770. Conditions. -- N. conditions, terms; articles, articles of agreement; memorandum.
	clauses, provisions; proviso &c. (qualification) 469; covenant, stipulation, obligation, ultimatum, sine qua non; casus foederris[Lat].
	V. make terms, come to terms &c. (contract) 769; make it a condition, stipulate, insist upon, make a point of; bind, tie up.
	Adj. conditional, provisional, guarded, fenced, hedged in.
	Adv. conditionally &c. (with qualification) 469; provisionally, pro re nata[Lat]; on condition; with a string to it.

[[negotiation]]
	#770a.  Negotiation.
	negotiation.
	{{&has_result: compact, agreement, R770}}.
	{{has_subtype: bargaining, R794}}.
	{{has_subtype: mediation, R724}}.
	{{performed_by: negotiator &c. (agent) 758}}.
	#771. Security. -- N. security; guaranty, guarantee; gage, warranty, bond, tie, pledge, plight, mortgage, collateral,  debenture, hypothecation, bill of sale, lien, pawn, pignoration[obs3]; real security; vadium[obs3].
	stake, deposit, earnest, handsel, caution.
	promissory note; bill, bill of exchange; I.O.U.; personal security, covenant, specialty; parole &c. (promise) 768.
	acceptance, indorsement[obs3], signature, execution, stamp, seal.
	sponsor, cosponsor, sponsion[obs3], sponsorship; surety, bail; mainpernor[obs3], hostage; godchild, godfather, godmother.
	recognizance; deed of indemnity, covenant of indemnity.
	authentication, verification, warrant, certificate, voucher, docket, doquet[obs3]; record &c. 551; probate, attested copy.
	receipt; acquittance, quittance; discharge, release.
	muniment[obs3], title deed, instrument; deed, deed poll; assurance, indenture; charter &c. (compact) 769; charter poll; paper, parchment, settlement, will, testament, last will and testament, codicil.
	V. give security, give bail, give substantial bail; go bail; pawn, impawn[obs3], spout, mortgage, hypothecate, impignorate[obs3].
	guarantee, warrant, warrantee, assure; accept, indorse, underwrite, insure;cosign, countersign, sponsor, cosponsor.
	execute, stamp; sign, seal &c. (evidence) 467.
	let, sett[obs3]; grant a lease, take a lease, hold a lease; hold in pledge; lend on security &c. 787.
	Phr. bonis avibus[Lat]; "gone where the woodbine twineth".

	#772. Observance. -- N. observance, performance, compliance, acquiescence, concurrence; obedience &c. 743; fulfillment, satisfaction, discharge; acquittance, acquittal.
	adhesion, acknowledgment; fidelity &c. (probity) 939; exact &c. 494 - observance.
	V. observe, comply with, respect, acknowledge, abide by; cling to, adhere to, be faithful to, act up to; meet, fulfill; carry out, carry into execution; execute, perform, keep, satisfy, discharge; do one's office.
	perform an obligation, fulfill an obligation, discharge an obligation, acquit oneself of an obligation; make good; make good one's word, make good one's promise, keep one's word, keep one's promise; redeem one's pledge; keep faith with, stand to one's engagement.
	Adj. observant, faithful, true, loyal; honorable &c. 939; true as the dial to the sun, true as the needle to the pole; punctual, punctilious; literal &c. (exact) 494; as good as one's word.
	Adv. faithfully &c. adj.
	Phr. ignoscito saepe alteri nunquam tibi[Lat]; tempori parendum[Lat]; "to God, thy country, and thy friend be true" [Vaughan].

	#773. Nonobservance. -- N. nonobservance &c. 772; evasion, inobservance, failure, omission, neglect, laches[Law], laxity, informality.
	infringement, infraction; violation, transgression; piracy.
	retraction, retractation[obs3], repudiation, nullification; protest; forfeiture.
	lawlessness; disobedience &c. 742; bad faith &c. 940.
	V. fail, neglect, omit, elude, evade, give the go-by to, set aside, ignore; shut one's eyes to, close one's eyes to.
	infringe, transgress, violate, pirate, break, trample under foot, do violence to, drive a coach and six through.
	discard, protest, repudiate, fling to the winds, set at naught, nullify, declare null and void; cancel &c. (wipe off) 552.
	retract, go back from, be off, forfeit, go from one's word, palter; stretch a point, strain a point.
	Adj. violating &c. v.; lawless, transgressive; elusive, evasive.
	unfulfilled &c. (see fulfill &c. 772).

	#774. Compromise. -- N. compromise, commutation, composition; middle term, mezzo termine[It]; compensation &c. 30; abatement of differences, adjustment, mutual concession.
	V. compromise, commute, compound; take the mean; split the difference, meet one halfway, give and take; come to terms &c. (contract) 769; submit to arbitration, abide by arbitration; patch up, bridge over, arrange; straighten out, adjust, differences, agree; make the best of, make a virtue of necessity; take the will for the deed.

M9.2 Posession  (R775 to R 819)
M9.2.1   Property in General...R775 to R782      [[property]]
<--   	775.	Acquisition				776. Loss
		777.	Possession				777a. Exemption
		778.	Participation
		779.	Possessor
		780.	Property
		781. Retention					782. Relinquishment
-->
	#775. Acquisition. -- N. acquisition; gaining &c. v.; obtainment; procuration[obs3], procurement; purchase, descent, inheritance; gift &c. 784.
	recovery, retrieval, revendication[obs3], replevin[Law], restitution &c. 790; redemption, salvage, trover[Law].
	find, trouvaille[obs3], foundling.
	gain, thrift; money-making, money grubbing; lucre, filthy lucre, pelf;  loaves and fishes, the main chance; emolument &c. (remuneration) 973.
	profit, earnings, winnings, innings, pickings, net profit; avails; income &c. (receipt) 810; proceeds, produce, product; outcome, output; return, fruit, crop, harvest; second crop, aftermath; benefit &c. (good) 618.
	sweepstakes, trick, prize, pool; pot; wealth &c. 803.
	[Fraudulent acquisition] subreption[obs3]; obreption[obs3]; stealing &c. 791.
	V. acquire, get, gain, win, earn, obtain, procure, gather; collect &c. (assemble) 72; pick, pickup; glean.

	find; come upon, pitch upon, light upon; scrape up, scrape together; get in, reap and carry, net, bag, sack, bring home, secure; derive, draw, get in the harvest.
	profit; make profit, draw profit, turn a quick profit; turn to profit, turn to account; make capital out of, make money by; obtain a return, reap the fruits of; reap an advantage, gain an advantage; turn a penny, turn an honest penny; make the pot boil, bring grist to the mill; make money, coin money, raise money; raise funds, raise the wind; fill one's pocket &c. (wealth) 803.
	treasure up &c. (store) 636; realize, clear; produce &c. 161; take &c. 789.
	get back, recover, regain, retrieve, revendicate[obs3], replevy[Law], redeem, come by one's own.
	come by, come in for; receive &c. 785; inherit; step into a fortune, step into the shoes of; succeed to.
	get hold of, get between one's finger and thumb, get into one's hand, get at; take possession, come into possession, enter into possession.
	be profitable &c. adj.; pay, answer.
	accrue &c. (be received) 785.
	Adj. acquiring, acquired &c. v.; profitable, advantageous, gainful, remunerative, paying, lucrative.
	Phr. lucri causa[Lat]. 

	#776. Loss. -- N. loss; deperdition[obs3], perdition; forfeiture, lapse.
	privation, bereavement; deprivation &c. (dispossession) 789; riddance; damage, squandering, waste.
	V. lose; incur a loss, experience a loss, meet with a loss; miss; mislay, let slip, allow to slip through the fingers; be without &c. (exempt) 777a; forfeit.
	get rid of &c. 782; waste &c. 638.
	be lost; lapse.
	Adj. losing &c. v.; not having &c. 777a.
	shorn of, deprived of; denuded, bereaved, bereft, minus, cut off; dispossessed &c. 789; rid of, quit of; out of pocket.
	lost &c. v.; long lost; irretrievable &c. (hopeless) 859; off one's hands.
	Int. farewell to! adieu to.

<-- emphasize the abstract meaning of possession - legal possession, as a distinct entity from physical possession, stewardship -->

	#777. Possession. -- N. {{hperforms(possessor, owner, R779, P2.3.2.3.2.5.46)}}.
	possession, seizin[Law], seisin[Law]; ownership &c. 780; occupancy; hold, holding; tenure, tenancy, feodality[obs3], dependency; villenage, villeinage[obs3]; socage[obs3], chivalry, knight service.
	exclusive possession, impropriation[obs3], monopoly, retention &c.781; prepossession, preoccupancy[obs3]; nine points of the law; corner, usucaption[obs3].
	future possession, heritage, inheritance, heirship, reversion, fee, seigniority[obs3]; primogeniture, ultimogeniture[obs3].
	[right of future possession; financial instruments] futures contract, warrant, put, call, option; right of first refusal.
	bird in hand, uti possidetis[Lat], chose in possession.
	V. possess, have, hold, occupy, enjoy; be possessed of &c. adj.; have in hand &c. adj.; own &c. 780; command.
	inherit; come to, come in for.
	engross, monopolize, forestall, regrate[obs3], impropriate[obs3], have all to oneself; corner; have a firmhold of &c. (retain) 781[obs3]; get into one's hand &c. (acquire) 775.
	belong to, appertain to, pertain to; be in one's possession &c. adj.; vest in.
	Adj. possessing &c. v.; worth; possessed of, seized of, master of, in possession of; usucapient[obs3]; endowed with, blest with, instinct with, fraught with, laden with, charged with.
	possessed &c. v.; on hand, by one; in hand, in store, in stock; in one's hands, in one's grasp, in one's possession; at one's command, at one's disposal; one's own &c. (property) 780.
	unsold, unshared.
	Phr. entbehre gern was du nicht hast[Ger]; meum et tuum[Lat]; tuum est[Lat].

	#777a. Exemption. -- N. exemption; absence &c. 187; exception, immunity, privilege, release.
	V. not have &c. 777; be without &c. adj.; excuse.
	Adj. exempt from, devoid of, without, unpossessed of[obs3], unblest with[obs3]; immune from.
	not having &c. 777; unpossessed[obs3]; untenanted &c. (vacant) 187; without an owner.
	unobtained[obs3], unacquired.

	#778. [Joint possession.] Participation. -- N. participation; cotenancy[obs3], joint tenancy; occupancy in common, possession in common, tenancy in common; joint stock, common stock; co-partnership, partnership; communion; community of possessions, community of goods; communism, socialism; cooperation &c. 709.
	snacks, coportion[obs1], picnic, hotchpot[obs3]; co-heirship, co-parceny[obs3], co-parcenary; gavelkind[obs3].
	participator, sharer; co-partner, partner; shareholder; co-tenant, joint tenant; tenants in common; co-heir, co-parcener[obs3].
	communist, socialist.
	V. participate, partake; share, share in; come in for a share; go shares, go snacks, go halves; share and share alike.
	have in common, possess in common, be seized in common, have as joint tenants, possess as joint tenants, be seized as joint tenants &c. n. 
	join in; have a hand in &c. (cooperate) 709.
	Adj. partaking &c. v.; communistic.
	Adv. share and share alike.

<-- R779 possessor, occupant to person who ...  P2.3.2.3.2.5.46 Possessor, Owner -->

	#780. Property.-- N. property, possession, suum cuique[Lat], meum et tuum[Lat].
	ownership, proprietorship, lordship; seignority[obs3]; empire &c. (dominion) 737.
	interest, stake, estate, right, title, claim, demand, holding; tenure &c. (possession) 777; vested interest, contingent interest, beneficial interest, equitable interest; use, trust, benefit; legal estate, equitable estate; seizin[Law], seisin[Law].
	absolute interest, paramount estate, freehold; fee tail, fee simple; estate in fee, estate in tail, estate tail; estate in tail male, estate in tail female, estate in tail general.
	limitation, term, lease, settlement, strict settlement, particular estate; estate for life, estate for years, estate pur autre vie[Fr]; remainder, reversion, expectancy, possibility.
	dower, dowry, jointure[obs3], appanage, inheritance, heritage, patrimony, alimony; legacy &c. (gift) 784; Falcidian law, paternal estate, thirds.
	assets, belongings, means, resources, circumstances; wealth &c. 803; money &c. 800; what one is worth, what one will cut up for; estate and effects.
	real estate, real property, landed property, landed real estate property; realty; land, lands; tenements; hereditaments; corporeal hereditaments, incorporeal hereditaments; acres; ground &c. (earth) 342; acquest[obs3], messuage, toft[obs3].
	{{has_subtype(real estate): territory, state, kingdom, principality, realm, empire, protectorate, sphere of influence, &c. P2.3.1.1.6.4  geographical divisions}}.
	manor, honor, domain, demesne; farm, plantation, hacienda; allodium &c. (free) 748[obs3]; fief, fieff[obs3], feoff[obs3], feud, zemindary[obs3], dependency; arado[obs3], merestead[obs3], ranch.
	free lease-holds, copy lease-holds; folkland[obs3]; chattels real; fixtures, plant, heirloom; easement; right of common, right of user.
	personal property, personal estate, personal effects; personalty, chattels, goods, effects, movables; stock, stock in trade; things, traps, rattletraps, paraphernalia; equipage &c. 633.
	parcels, appurtenances.
	impedimenta; luggage, baggage; bag and baggage; pelf; cargo, lading.
	rent roll; income &c. (receipts) 810; maul and wedges [U.S.].
	[property which is not a physical object]{{has_subtype(legal right)}} patent, copyright; chose in action; credit &c. 805; debt &c.806.
	V. possess &c. 777; be the possessor &c. 779 of; own; have for one's own, have for one's very own; come in for, inherit.
	savor of the realty.
	be one's property &c. n.; belong to; appertain to, pertain to.
	Adj. one's own; landed, predial[obs3], manorial, allodial[obs3]; free lease-hold, copy lease-hold; feudal, feodal[obs3].
	Adv. to one's credit, to one's account; to the good.
	to one and his heirs for ever, to one and the heirs of his body, to one and his heirs and assigns, to one and his executors administrators and assigns.

	#781. Retention.-- N. retention; retaining &c. v.; keep, detention, custody; tenacity, firm hold, grasp, gripe, grip, iron grip.
	fangs, teeth, claws, talons, nail, unguis, hook, tentacle, tenaculum; bond &c. (vinculum) 45.
	clutches, tongs, forceps, pincers, nippers, pliers, vice.
	paw, hand, finger, wrist, fist, neaf[obs3], neif[obs3].
	bird in hand; captive &c.754.
	V. retain, keep; hold fast one's own, hold tight one's own, hold fast one's ground, hold tight one's ground; clinch, clench, clutch, grasp, gripe, hug, have a firm hold of.
	secure, withhold, detain; hold back, keep back; keep close; husband &c. (store) 636; reserve; have in stock, have on hand, keep in stock &c. (possess) 777; entail, tie up, settle.
	Adj. retaining &c. v.; retentive, tenacious.
	unforfeited[obs3], undeprived, undisposed, uncommunicated.
	incommunicable, inalienable; in mortmain[Fr]; in strict settlement.
	Phr. uti possidetis[Lat].

	#782. Relinquishment.-- N. relinquishment, abnegation, abandonment &c. (of a course) 624; renunciation, expropriation[obs2], dereliction; cession, surrender, dispensation.
	quitclaim deed; resignation &c.757; riddance.
	derelict &c. adj.; foundling; jetsam, waif.
	discards, culls, rejects; garbage,  refuse, rubbish.
	V. relinquish, give up, surrender, abnegate, yield, cede; let go, let slip; spare, drop, resign, forego, renounce, abandon, expropriate[obs2], give away, dispose of, part with; lay aside, lay apart, lay down, lay on the shelf &c. (disuse) 678; set aside, put aside, put away; make away with, cast behind;  maroon.
	give notice to quit, give warning; supersede; be rid of, get rid of, be quit of, get quit of; eject &c. 297.
	rid oneself of, disburden oneself of, divest oneself of, dispossess oneself of; wash one's hands of.
	discard, cast off, dismiss; cast away, throw away, pitch away, fling away, cast aside, cast overboard, cast to the dogs, throw aside, throw overboard, throw to the dogs, pitch aside, pitch overboard, pitch to the dogs, fling aside, fling overboard, fling to the dogs; cast to the winds, throw to the winds, sweep to the winds; put away, turn away, sweep away; jettison; reject.
	quit one's hold, quitclaim.
	Adj. relinquished &c. v.; cast off, derelict; unowned, unappropriated, unculled; left &c. (residuary) 40.
	Int. away with!

M9.2.2   Transfer of Property...R783 to R793
<--   	783.	Transfer
		784.	Giving					785. Receiving
		786.	Apportionment
		787.	Lending					788. Borrowing
		789.	Taking					790. Restitution
		791.	Stealing
		792.	Thief
		793.	Boot
-->
	#783. Transfer. -- N. transfer, conveyance, assignment, alienation, abalienation[obs3]; demise, limitation; conveyancing[obs3]; transmission &c. (transference) 270; enfeoffment[obs3], bargain and sale, lease and release; exchange &c. (interchange) 148; barter &c. 794; substitution &c. 147.
	succession, reversion; shifting use, shifting trust; devolution.
	V. transfer, convey; alienate, alien; assign; grant &c. (confer) 784; consign; make over, hand over; pass, hand, transmit, negotiate; hand down; exchange &c.(interchange) 148.
	change hands, change hands from one to another; devolve, succeed; come into possession &c. (acquire) 775.
	abalienate[obs3]; disinherit; dispossess &c. 789; substitute &c. 147.
	Adj. alienable, negotiable.
	Phr. estate coming into possession.

	#784. Giving. -- N. giving &c. v.; bestowal, bestowment[obs3], donation; presentation, presentment; accordance; concession; delivery, consignment, dispensation, communication, endowment; investment, investiture; award.
	almsgiving[obs3], charity, liberality, generosity.
	 gift[Thing given], donation, present, cadeau[obs3]; fairing; free gift, boon, favor, benefaction, grant, offering, oblation, sacrifice, immolation; lagniappe [U.S.], pilon [obs3][U.S.].
	grace, act of grace, bonus.
	allowance, contribution, subscription, subsidy, tribute, subvention.
	bequest, legacy, devise, will, dotation[obs3], dot, appanage; voluntary settlement, voluntary conveyance &c. 783; amortization.
	alms, largess, bounty, dole, sportule[obs1], donative[obs3], help, oblation, offertory, honorarium, gratuity, Peter pence, sportula[obs3], Christmas box, Easter offering, vail[obs3], douceur[Fr], drink money, pourboire, trinkgeld[Ger], bakshish[obs3]; fee &c. (recompense) 973; consideration.
	bribe, bait, ground bait; peace offering, handsel; boodle*, graft, grease*;blat[Russian].
	giver, grantor &c. v.; donor, feoffer[obs3], settlor.
	V. deliver, hand, pass, put into the hands of; hand over, make over, deliver over, pass over, turn over; assign dower.
	present, give away, dispense, dispose of; give out, deal out, dole out, mete out, fork out, squeeze out.
	pay &c. 807; render, impart, communicate.
	concede, cede, yield, part with, shed, cast; spend &c. 809.
	give, bestow, confer, grant, accord, award, assign.
	intrust, consign, vest in.
	make a present; allow, contribute, subscribe, furnish its quota.
	invest, endow, settle upon; bequeath, leave, devise.
	furnish, supply, help; administer to; afford, spare; accommodate with, indulge with, favor with; shower down upon; lavish, pour on, thrust upon.
	tip, bribe; tickle the palm, grease the palm; offer &c. 763; sacrifice, immolate.
	Adj. giving &c. v.; given &c. v.; allowed, allowable; concessional[obs3]; communicable; charitable, eleemosynary, sportulary[obs1], tributary; gratis &c. 815; donative[obs3].
	Phr. auctor pretiosa facit[Lat]; ex dono[Lat]; res est ingeniosa dare [Lat][Ovid].

	#785. Receiving. -- N. receiving &c. v.; acquisition &c. 775; reception &c. (introduction) 296; suscipiency[obs2], acceptance, admission.
	recipient, accipient[obs3]; assignee, devisee; legatee, legatary[obs3]; grantee, feoffee[obs3], donee[Fr], releasee[Law], relessee[obs3], lessee; receiver.
	sportulary[obs1], stipendiary; beneficiary; pensioner, pensionary[obs3]; almsman[obs3].
	income &c. (receipt) 810.
	V. receive; take &c. 789; acquire &c. 775; admit.
	take in, catch, touch; pocket; put into one's pocket, put into one's purse; accept; take off one's hands.
	be received; come in, come to hand; pass into one's hand, fall into one's hand; go into one's pocket; fall to one's lot, fall to one's share; come to one, fall to one; accrue; have given &c. 784 to one.
	Adj. receiving &c. v.; recipient, suscipient[obs2].
	received &c. v.; given &c. 784; secondhand.
	not given, unbestowed &c. (see give, bestow &c. 784).

	#786. Apportionment. -- N. apportionment, allotment, consignment, assignment, appointment; appropriation; dispensation, distribution; division, deal; repartition, partition; administration.
	dividend, portion, contingent, share, allotment, fair share, allocation, lot, measure, dose; dole, meed, pittance; quantum, ration; ratio, proportion, quota, modicum, mess, allowance; suerte[obs3].
	V. apportion, divide; distribute, administer, dispense; billet, allot,  detail, cast, share, mete; portion out, parcel out, dole out; deal, carve.
	allocate, ration, ration out; assign; separate &c. 44.
	partition, assign, appropriate, appoint.
	come in for one's share &c. (participate) 778.
	Adj. apportioning &c. v.; respective.
	Adv. respectively, each to each.

	#787. Lending. -- N. lending &c. v.; loan, advance, accommodation, feneration[obs1]; mortgage, second mortgage, home loan  &c. (security) 771; investment; note, bond, commercial paper.
	mont de piete[Fr], pawnshop, my uncle's.
	lender, pawnbroker, money lender; usurer, loan shark.
	[item loaned] loaner[coll.]
	V. lend, advance, accommodate with; lend on security; loan; pawn &c. (security) 771.
	intrust, invest; place out to interest, put out to interest.
	let, demise, lease, sett[obs3], underlet.
	Adj. lending &c. v.; lent &c. v.; unborrowed &c. (see borrowed &c. 788)[obs3].
	Adv. in advance; on loan, on security.

	#788. Borrowing. -- N. borrowing, pledging.
	borrowed plumes; plagiarism &c. (thieving) 791.
	[Law]  replevin.
	V. borrow, desume[obs1].
	hire, rent, farm; take a lease, take a demise; take by the hour, take by the mile, take by the year &c., hire by the hour, hire by the mile, hire by the year &c.; adopt, apply, appropriate, imitate, make use of, take.
	raise money, take up money; raise the wind; fly a kite, borrow from Peter to pay Paul; run into debt &c. (debt) 806.
	replevy[Law].

	#789. Taking. -- N. taking &c. v.; reception &c. (taking in) 296; deglutition &c. (taking food) 298; appropriation, prehension, prensation[obs1]; capture, caption; apprehension, deprehension[obs1]; abreption[obs1], seizure, expropriation, abduction, ablation; subtraction, withdrawal &c. 38; abstraction, ademption[obs3]; adrolepsy[obs2].
	dispossession; deprivation, deprivement[obs3]; bereavement; divestment; disherison[obs3]; distraint, distress; sequestration, confiscation; eviction &c. 297.
	rapacity, rapaciousness, extortion, vampirism; theft &c.791.
	resumption; reprise, reprisal; recovery &c. 775.
	clutch, swoop, wrench; grip &c. (retention) 781; haul, take, catch; scramble.
	taker, captor.
	[Geol: descent of one of the earth's crustal plates under another plate] subduction.
	V. take, catch, hook, nab, bag, sack, pocket, put into one's pocket; receive; accept.
	reap, crop, cull, pluck; gather &c. (get) 775; draw.
	appropriate, expropriate, impropriate[obs3]; assume, possess oneself of; take possession of; commandeer; lay one's hands on, clap one's hands on; help oneself to; make free with, dip one's hands into, lay under contribution; intercept; scramble for; deprive of.
	take away, carry away, bear away, take off, carry off, bear off; adeem[obs2]; abstract; hurry off with, run away with; abduct; steal &c. 791; ravish; seize; pounce upon, spring upon; swoop to, swoop down upon; take by storm, take by assault; snatch, reave[obs3].
	snap up, nip up, whip up, catch up; kidnap, crimp, capture, lay violent hands on.
	get hold of, lay hold of, take hold of, catch hold of, lay fast hold of, take firm hold of; lay by the heels, take prisoner; fasten upon, grip, grapple, embrace, gripe, clasp, grab, clutch, collar, throttle, take by the throat, claw, clinch, clench, make sure of.
	catch at, jump at, make a grab at, snap at, snatch at; reach, make a long arm, stretch forth one's hand.
	take from, take away from; disseize[obs3]; deduct &c. 38; retrench &c. (curtail) 201; dispossess, ease one of, snatch from one's grasp; tear from, tear away from, wrench from, wrest from, wring from; extort; deprive of, bereave; disinherit, cut off with a shilling.
	oust &c. (eject) 297; divest; levy, distrain, confiscate; sequester, sequestrate; accroach[obs3]; usurp; despoil, strip, fleece, shear, displume[obs3], impoverish, eat out of house and home; drain, drain to the dregs; gut, dry, exhaust, swallow up; absorb &c. (suck in) 296; draw off; suck the blood of, suck like a leech.
	retake, resume; recover &c. 775.
	Adj. taking &c.v.; privative[obs3], prehensile; predaceous, predal[obs3], predatory, predatorial[obs3]; lupine, rapacious, raptorial; ravenous; parasitic.
	bereft &c. 776.
	Adv. at one fell swoop.
	Phr. give an inch and take an ell.

	#790. Restitution. -- N. restitution, return; rendition, reddition[obs3]; restoration; reinvestment, recuperation; rehabilitation &c. (reconstruction) R660; reparation, atonement.
	compensation, indemnification.
	indemnity, equivalent, quid pro,quo.
	bribe, hush money.
	commutation; indemnification.
	amends &c. (atonement) R952; counterbalance,  counterclaim;  cross-debt, cross-demand.
	robbing Peter to pay Paul.
	reaction; measure for measure.
	release, replevin[Law], redemption; recovery &c. (getting back) R775; remitter, reversion.
	repayment.
	[ref: retaliation &c. R718].
	[ref: equalization &c. R27].
	[ref: revenge, R919].
	[ref: compromise &c. R774; counteraction &c. R179].
	V. return, restore; give back, carry back, bring back; render, render up; give up; let go, unclutch; disgorge, regorge[obs3]; regurgitate; recoup, reimburse, compensate, indemnify; remit, rehabilitate; repair &c. (make good) 660.
	[transitive] reinvest, revest, reinstate.
	redeem, recover &c. (get back) 775; take back again.
	[intransitive] revest, revert.
	Adj. restoring &c. v.; recuperative &c. 660.
	Phr. suum cuique[Lat].

	#791. Stealing. -- N. stealing &c. v.; theft, thievery,  latrociny[obs1], direption[obs3]; abstraction, appropriation; plagiary, plagiarism; autoplagiarism[obs3];  latrocinium[obs3].
	spoliation, plunder, pillage; sack, sackage[obs3]; rapine, brigandage, foray, razzia[obs3], rape, depredation, raid; blackmail.
	piracy, privateering, buccaneering; license to plunder, letters of marque, letters of mark and reprisal.
	filibustering, filibusterism[obs3]; burglary; housebreaking; badger game*.
	robbery, highway robbery, hold-up* [U.S.], mugging.
	peculation, embezzlement; fraud &c. 545; larceny, petty larceny, grand larceny, shoplifting.
	thievishness, rapacity, kleptomania, Alsatia[obs3], den of Cacus, den of thieves.
	blackmail, extortion, shakedown, Black Hand [U.S.].
	[person who commits theft] thief &c. 792.
	V. steal, thieve, rob, mug, purloin, pilfer, filch, prig, bag, nim[obs1], crib, cabbage, palm; abstract; appropriate, plagiarize.
	convey away, carry off, abduct, kidnap, crimp; make off with, walk off with, run off with; run away with; spirit away, seize &c. (lay violent hands on) 789.
	plunder, pillage, rifle, sack, loot, ransack, spoil, spoliate[obs3], despoil, strip, sweep, gut, forage, levy blackmail, pirate, pickeer[obs1], maraud, lift cattle, poach; smuggle, run; badger*; bail up, hold up, stick up; bunco, bunko, filibuster.
	swindle, peculate, embezzle; sponge, mulct, rook, bilk, pluck, pigeon, fleece; defraud &c.545; obtain under false pretenses; live by one's wits.
	rob Peter to pay Paul, borrow of Peter to pay Paul; set a thief to catch a thief.
	disregard the distinction between meum and tuum[Lat].
	[receive stolen goods] fence, launder, launder money.
	Adj. thieving &c. v.; thievish, light-fingered; furacious[obs3], furtive; piratical; predaceous, predal[obs3], predatory, predatorial[obs3]; raptorial &c. (rapacious) 789.
	stolen &c. v.
	Phr. sic vos non vobis[Lat].

	#792. Thief. -- N. thief, robber, homo triumliterarum[obs3][Lat], pilferer, rifler, filcher[obs3], plagiarist.
	spoiler, depredator, pillager, marauder; harpy, shark*, land shark, falcon, mosstrooper[obs3], bushranger[obs3], Bedouin[obs2], brigand, freebooter, bandit, thug, dacoit[obs3]; pirate, corsair, viking, Paul Jones[obs2], buccaneer, buccanier[obs2]; piqueerer[obs1], pickeerer[obs1]; rover, ranger, privateer, filibuster; rapparee[obs3], wrecker, picaroon[obs3]; smuggler, poacher; abductor, badger*, bunko man, cattle thief, chor[obs3], contrabandist[obs3], crook, hawk, holdup man, hold-up* [U.S.], jackleg* [obs3][U.S.], kidnaper, rustler , cattle rustler, sandbagger, sea king, skin*, sneak thief, spieler[obs3], strong-arm man [U.S.].
	highwayman, Dick Turpin, Claude Duval, Macheath, footpad, sturdy beggar.
	cut purse, pick purse; pickpocket, light-fingered gentry; sharper; card sharper, skittle sharper; thimblerigger; rook*, Greek, blackleg, leg, welsher*; defaulter; Autolycus[obs3], Jeremy Diddler[obs3], Robert Macaire, artful dodger, trickster; swell mob*, chevalier d'industrie [Fr]; shoplifter.
	swindler, peculator; forger, coiner; fence, receiver of stolen goods, duffer; smasher.
	burglar, housebreaker; cracksman[obs3], magsman*[obs3]; Bill Sikes, Jack Sheppard, Jonathan Wild.
	[group of thieves] gang, gang of thieves, theft ring; organized crime, mafia, the Sicilian Mafia, the mob, la cosa nostra [Italian].
	[famous thieves] Dillinger; Lucky Luciano, Al Capone; Dutch Schultz; Bugsy Siegel; ; Robin Hood; Butch Cassidy: Jesse James.

	#793. Booty. -- N. booty, spoil, plunder, rifle, prize, loot, swag*, pickings; spolia opima[Lat], prey; blackmail; stolen goods.
	Adj. manubial[obs1]; plundered, looted, purloined, pilfered, poached.

M9.2.3   Interchange of Property ..R794 to R799
<--  	794.	Barter
		795.	Purchase					796. Sale
		797.	Merchant
		798.	Merchandise
		799.	Mart
-->
	#794. Barter. -- N. barter, exchange, scorse[obs1], truck system; interchange &c. 148.
	a Roland for an Oliver; quid pro quo; commutation, composition; Indian gift [U.S.].
	trade, commerce, mercature[obs1], buying and selling, bargain and sale; traffic, business, nundination[obs1], custom, shopping; commercial enterprise, speculation, jobbing, stockjobbing[obs3], agiotage[obs3], brokery[obs3].
	deal, dealing, transaction, negotiation, bargain.
	free trade.
	V. barter, exchange, swap, swop[obs3], truck, scorse[obs1]; interchange &c. 148; commutate &c.(substitute) 147; compound for.
	trade, traffic, buy and sell, give and take, nundinate[obs1]; carry on a trade, ply a trade, drive a trade; be in business, be in the city; keep a shop, deal in, employ one's capital in.
	trade with, deal with, have dealings with; transact business with, do business with; open an account with, keep an account with.
	bargain; drive a bargain, make a bargain; negotiate, bid for; haggle, higgle[obs3]; dicker [U.S.]; chaffer, huckster, cheapen, beat down; stickle, stickle for; out bid, under bid; ask, charge; strike a bargain &c. (contract) 769.
	speculate, give a sprat to catch a herring; buy in the cheapest and sell in the dearest market, buy low and sell high; corner the market; rig the market, stag the market.
	Adj. commercial, mercantile, trading; interchangeable, marketable, staple, in the market, for sale.
	wholesale, retail.
	Adv. across the counter.
	Phr. cambio non e furto[It]. 

	#795. Purchase.
	N. {{inverse_of(sale, R796)}} {{entailed_by(sale, R796)}} {{hperforms(buyer, P2.3.2.3.2.5.49)}}  {{occurs_in: market, P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.2.1}} purchase, buying, purchasing, emption[obs3]; shopping; preemption, refusal.
	coemption[obs3], bribery; slave trade.
	buyer, purchaser, emptor, vendee; patron, employer, client, customer, clientele.
	V. buy, purchase, invest in, procure; rent &c. (hire) 788; repurchase, buy in.
	keep in one's pay, bribe, suborn; pay &c.807; spend &c.809.
	make a purchase, complete a purchase; buy over the counter.
	shop, market,  go shopping.
	Adj. purchased &c. v.
	Phr. caveat emptor; the customer is always right. 

<--  [[sale]]   -->
	#796. Sale.
	N. {{inverse_of(purchase, R795)}} {{entailed_by(purchase, R795)}} {{occurs_in: market, P2.3.1.3.10.2.2.2.1}} sale, selling, vent, disposal.
	auction, roup, Dutch auction; outcry, vendue[obs3]; custom &c. (traffic) 794.
	vendibility, vendibleness[obs3].
	{{performed_by: seller; vender, vendor, P2.3.2.3.2.5.47  Seller; merchant &c. 797; auctioneer}}.
	V. sell, vend, dispose of, effect a sale; sell over the counter, sell by auction &c. n.; dispense, retail; deal in &c. 794; sell off, sell out; turn into money, realize; bring to the hammer, bring under the hammer, put up to auction, put up for auction; offer for sale, put up for sale; hawk, bring to market; offer &c. 763; undersell.
	let; mortgage &c.(security) 771.
	Adj. under the hammer, on the market, for sale.
	salable, marketable, vendible; unsalable &c., unpurchased[obs3], unbought; on one's hands.
	Phr. chose qui plait est a demi vendue[obs3][Fr].

<-- R797, Merchant to person who, P2.3.2.3.2.5.48   Merchant -->

	#798. Merchandise. -- N. product, merchandise, ware, commodity; article, article of commerce, item of commerce.
	[plural] effects, goods, wares.
	stock; produce, staple commodity.
	stock in trade &c. (store) 636; cargo &c. (contents) 190.

	#799b. Securities.  -- N.  securities, stocks, common stock, preferred stock, bonds, puts, calls, options, option contract, warrants, commercial paper, bearer bond, tax-exempt bond, callable bond, convertable bond[obs3].
	share, stock certificate; coupon, bond coupon.
	liquid assets.

M9.2.4   Monetary Relations  R800 to R819    [[money]]

	#800. Money. -- N. money, legal tender; money matters, money market; finance; accounts &c. 811; funds, treasure; capital, stock; assets &c.(property) 780; wealth &c. 803; supplies, ways and means, wherewithal, sinews of war, almighty dollar, needful, cash; mammon.
	[colloquial terms for money] dough, cabbage.
	money-like instruments, M1, M2.
	sum, amount; balance, balance sheet; sum total; proceeds &c.(receipts) 810.
	currency, circulating medium, specie, coin, piece[Fr], hard cash, cold cash; dollar, sterling coin; pounds shillings and pence; Ls.d.; pocket, breeches pocket, purse; money in hand, cash at hand; ready money, ready cash; ; slug [U.S.], wad*  wad of bills[U.S.], wad of money, thick wad of bills, roll of dough[coll]; rhino[obs2], blunt[obs2], dust[obs2], mopus[obs2], tin[obs2], salt[obs2], chink[obs2]; argent comptant[Lat]; bottom dollar, buzzard dollar[obs2]; checks, dibs*[obs3].
	[specific types of currency] Federal currency, fractional currency, postal currency; Federal Reserve Note, United States Note, silver certificate [obsolete], gold certificate [obsolete]; long bit, short bit [U.S.]; moss, nickel, pile*, pin money, quarter [U.S.], red cent, roanoke[obs3], rock*; seawan[obs3], seawant[obs3]; thousand dollars, grand[coll.].
	[types of paper currency, U.S.] single, one-dollar bill; two-dollar bill; five-dollar bill, fiver[coll.], fin [coll.], Lincoln; ten-dollar bill, sawbuck; twenty-dollar bill, Jackson, double sawbuck; fifty-dollar bill; hundred-dollar bill, C-note.
	[types of U.S. coins: list] penny, cent, Lincoln cent, indian head penny, copper[1700 -1900]; two-cent piece  three-cent piece [Fr][obsolete][obsolete], half-dime[obsolete], nickel, buffalo nickel, V nickel [obsolete], dime, disme[obs2], mercury dime[obsolete], quarter, two bits, half dollar, dollar, silver dollar, Eisenhower dollar, Susan B. Anthony dollar[obs3]; double eagle, eagle.
	precious metals, gold, silver, copper, bullion, ingot, nugget.
	petty cash, pocket money, change, small change, small coin, doit[obs3], stiver[obs3], rap, mite, farthing, sou, penny, shilling, tester, groat, guinea; rouleau[obs3]; wampum; good sum, round sum, lump sum; power of money, plum, lac of rupees.
	major coin, crown; minor coin.
	monetarist, monetary theory.
	[Science of coins] numismatics, chrysology[obs3].
	[coin scholar or collector] numismatist.
	paper money, greenback; major denomination, minor denomination; money order, postal money order, Post Office order;  bank note; bond; bill, bill of exchange;  order, warrant, coupon, debenture, exchequer bill, assignat[obs3]; blueback [obs3][U.S.], hundi[obs3], shinplaster* [U.S.].
	note, note of hand; promissory note, I O U; draft, check, cheque, back-dated check; negotiable order of withdrawal, NOW.
	remittance &c.(payment) 807; credit &c.805; liability  &c.806.
	drawer, drawee[obs3]; obligor[obs3], obligee[obs3]; moneyecount with; intrust, credit, accredit.
	place to one's credit, credit to one's account, place to one's account[obs2]; give credit, take credit; fly a kite[obs2].
	Adj. crediting, credited; accredited.
	Adv. on crediin the value of currency] inflation, double-digit inflation,  hyperinflation, erosion of the currency, debasement of the currency; deflation; stagflation.
	[relative value of two currencies]  exchange rate, rate of exchange, floating exchange rates, fixed rates.
	[place to exchange currencies] currency counter, currency exchange, bureau de change [French].
	gold-backed currency, gold standard, silver standard.
	bank account, savings account, checking account, money market account, NOW account, time deposit, deposit, demand deposit, super NOW account; certificate of deposit, CD.
	[money symbols] $, U.S. $, A$.
	[authorities controlling currency, U.S] Federal Reserve Bank, central bank; Federal Reserve Board, board of governors of the Federal Reserve; Treasury Department; Secret Service.
	[place where money is manufactured] mint, bureau of engraving.
	[government profit in manufacturing money] seigniorage.
	[false money] counterfeit, funny money, bogus money, (see falsehood) 545.
	[cost of money] interest, interest rate, discount rate.
	V. amount to, come to, mount up to; touch the pocket; draw, draw upon; indorse &c. (security) 771; issue, utter; discount &c. 813; back; demonetize, remonetize; fiscalize[obs3], monetize.
	circulate, be in circulation; be out of circulation.
	[manufacture currency][coins]  mint, coin;  print[paper currency].
	[vary the value of money]  inflate, deflate; debase; devalue, revalue.
	[vary the amount of money] circulate, put in circulation; withdraw from circulation.
	[change the type of currency] exchange currencies, change money.
	charge interest; pay interest; lose interest.
	Adj. monetary, pecuniary, crumenal[obs1], fiscal, financial, sumptuary, numismatic, numismatical[obs3]; sterling; nummary[obs3].
	Phr. barbarus ipse placet dummodo sit dives [Lat][Ovid]; "but the jingling of the guinea helps the hurt that honor feels" [Tennyson]; Gelt regiert die Welt [German: money rules the world], money makes the world go round; nervos belli pecuniam infinitam [Lat][Cicero]; redet Geld so schweigt die Welt [German]; " money is the mother's milk of politics" [Tip O'Neill]; money is the root of all evil; money isn't everything; "as phony as a three-dollar bill"; "don't take any wooden nickels".

	#801. Treasurer. -- N. treasurer; bursar, bursary; purser, purse bearer; cash keeper, banker; depositary; questor[obs3], receiver, steward, trustee, accountant, Accountant General, almoner, liquidator, paymaster, cashier, teller; cambist[obs3]; money changer &c. (merchant) 797.
	financier.
	Secretary of the Treasury; Chancellor of the Exchequer, minister of finance.

	#802. Treasury. -- N. treasury, bank, exchequer, fisc, hanaper[obs3]; cash register, kutcherry[obs3], bursary;  strong box, strong hold, strong room; coffer; chest &c.(receptacle) 191; safe; bank vault; depository &c. 636; till, tiller; purse; money bag, money box; porte-monnaie[Fr].
	purse strings; pocket, breeches pocket.
	sinking fund; stocks; public stocks, public funds, public securities, parliamentary stocks, parliamentary funds, parliamentary securities; Consols, credit mobilier[Fr]; bonds.

	#803. Wealth. -- N. wealth, riches, fortune, handsome fortune, opulence, affluence; good circumstances, easy circumstances; independence; competence &c. (sufficiency) 639; solvency.
	provision, livelihood, maintenance; alimony, dowry; means, resources, substance; property &c. 780; command of money.
	income &c. 810; capital, money; round sum &c. (treasure) 800; mint of money, mine of wealth, El Dorado[Sp], bonanza, Pacatolus, Golconda, Potosi.
	long purse, full purse, well lined purse, heavy purse, deep pockets; purse of Fortunatus[Lat]; embarras de richesses[Fr].
	pelf, Mammon, lucre, filthy lucre; loaves and fishes[obs2].
	rich man, moneyed man, warm man; man of substance; capitalist, millionaire, tippybob*[obs3], Nabob, Croesus, idas, Plutus, Dives, Timon of Athens[obs3]; Timocracy, Plutocracy; Danae.
	V. be rich &c. adj.; roll in wealth, roll in riches, wallow in wealth, wallow in riches.
	afford, well afford; command money, command a sum; make both ends meet, hold one's head above water.
	become rich &c. adj.; strike it rich; come into a sum of money, receive a windfall, receive an inheritance, hit the jackpot, win the lottery; fill one's pocket &c. (treasury) 802; feather one's nest, make a fortune; make money &c. (acquire) 775.
	[transitive] enrich, imburse[obs3].
	worship the golden calf, worship Mammon.
	Adj. wealthy, rich, affluent, opulent, moneyed, monied, worth much; well to do, well off; warm; comfortable, well, well provided for.
	made of money; rich as Croesus, filthy rich, rich as a Jew[obs2]; rolling in riches, rolling in wealth.
	flush, flush of cash, flush of money, flush of tin*; in funds, in cash, in full feather; solvent, pecunious[obs3], out of debt, in the black, all straight.
	Phr. one's ship coming in.
	amour fait beaucoup mais argent fait tout [French: love does much but money does everything]; aurea rumpunt tecta quietem [Lat][Seneca]; magna servitus ist magna fortuna[Latin]; "mammon, the least erected spirit that fell from Heaven" [Paradise Lost]; opum furiata cupido [Lat][Ovid]; vera prosperita e non aver necessita [It]; wie gewonnen so zerronnen [German].

	#804. Poverty. -- N. poverty, indigence, penury, pauperism, destitution, want; need, neediness; lack, necessity, privation, distress, difficulties, wolf at the door.
	bad circumstances, poor circumstances, need circumstances, embarrassed circumstances, reduced circumstances, straightened circumstances; slender means, narrow means; straits; hand to mouth existence, res angusta domi[obs3][Lat], low water, impecuniosity.
	beggary; mendicancy, mendicity[obs3]; broken fortune, loss of fortune; insolvency &c. (nonpayment) 808.
	empty pocket, empty purse; light purse; beggarly account of empty boxes.
	[poor people] poor man, pauper, mendicant, mumper[obs3], beggar, starveling; pauvre diable[Fr]; fakir[obs2], schnorrer[obs2]; homeless person.
	V. be poor &c. adj.; want, lack, starve, live from hand to mouth, have seen better days, go down in the world, come upon the parish; go to the dogs, go to wrack and ruin; not have a penny &c. (money) 800, not have a shot in one's locker; beg one's bread; tirer le diable par la queue[Fr]; run into debt &c. (debt) 806.
	render poor &c. adj.; impoverish; reduce, reduce to poverty; pauperize, fleece, ruin, bring to the parish.
	Adj. poor, indigent; poverty-stricken; badly off, poorly off, ill off; poor as a rat, poor as a church mouse, poor as a Job; fortuneless[obs3], dowerless[obs3], moneyless[obs3], penniless; unportioned[obs3], unmoneyed[obs3]; impecunious; out of money, out of cash, short of money, short of cash; without a rap, not worth a rap &c.(money) 800; qui n'a pas le sou[Fr], out of pocket, hard up; out at elbows, out at heels; seedy, bare-footed; beggarly, beggared; destitute; fleeced, stripped; bereft, bereaved; reduced; homeless.
	in want &c. n.; needy, necessitous, distressed, pinched, straitened; put to one's shifts, put to one's last shifts; unable to keep the wolf from the door, unable to make both ends meet; embarrassed, under hatches; involved &c. (in debt) 806; insolvent &c. (not paying) 808.
	Adv. in forma pauperis[Lat]. 
	Phr. zonam perdidit[Lat]; "a penniless lass wi' a lang pedigree" [Lady Nairne]; a pobreza no hay verguenza[Sp]; "he that is down can fall no lower" [Butler]; poca roba poco pensiero[It]; "steeped . . . in poverty to the very lips" [Othello]; "the short and simple annals of the poor" [Gray].

	#805. Credit. -- N. credit, trust, tick, score, tally, account.
	letter of credit, circular note; duplicate.
	loan, mortgage, lien, debenture, paper credit, floating capital, &c. R787.
	draft, lettre de creance[Fr], securities.
	{{performed_by(extend credit): creditor, lender, lessor, mortgagee; dun; usurer, P2.3.2.3.2.5.41}}.
	credit account, charge account; line of credit, open line of credit.
	{{uses}} credit card.
	{{has_metaphor(credit card)}} plastic, plastic money.
	V. keep an account with, run up an account with; intrust, credit, accredit.
	place to one's credit, credit to one's account, place to one's account[obs2].
	extend credit, give credit.
	use credit, take credit[obs2]; fly a kite[obs2].
	charge, put something on the plastic[coll].
	Adj. crediting, credited; accredited.
	Adv. on credit &c. n.; on account; to the account of, to the credit of; a compte[Fr]. 

	#806. Debt. -- N. debt, obligation, liability, indebtment[obs3], debit, score.
	bill; check; account (credit) 805.
	arrears, deferred payment, deficit, default, insolvency &c. (nonpayment) 808; bad debt.
	interest; premium; usance[obs3], usury; floating debt, floating capital.
	debtor, debitor[obs3]; mortgagor; defaulter &c. 808; borrower.
	V. be in debt &c. adj.; owe; incur a debt, contract a debt &c. n.; run up a bill, run up a score, run up an account; go on tick; borrow &c. 788; run into debt, get into debt, outrun the constable; run up debts, run up bills (spend) 809..
	answer for, go bail for.
	[notify a person of his indebtedness: ISA:written_communication] bill, charge.
	Adj. indebted; liable, chargeable, answerable for.
	in debt, in embarrassed circumstances, in difficulties; incumbered, involved; involved in debt, plunged in debt, deep in debt, over one's head in debt, over head and ears in debt; deeply involved; fast tied up; insolvent &c. (not paying) 808; minus, out of pocket.
	unpaid; unrequited, unrewarded; owing, due, in arrear[obs3], outstanding; past due.
	Phr. aes alienum debitorem leve gravius inimicum facit [obs3][Latin]; "neither a borrower nor a lender be" [Hamlet].

<-- make salary separate.  Note that we consider payment as a "process", e.g in taxation. -->
	#807. Payment. -- N. payment, defrayment[obs3]; discharge; acquittance, quittance; settlement, clearance, liquidation, satisfaction, reckoning, arrangement.
	acknowledgment, release; receipt, receipt in full, receipt in full of all demands; voucher.
	repayment, reimbursement, retribution; pay &c.(reward) 973; money paid &c. (expenditure) 809.
	ready money &c. (cash) 800; stake, remittance, installment.
	payer, liquidator &c. 801.
	pay cash, pay cash on the barrelhead.
	{{has_process(taxation)}}{{has_subtype(payment)}} tax payment, tax return.
	{{has_subtype(tax return)}} separate returns[pl]; joint return; corporate tax return.
	{{antinym(tax payment)}} tax dodging, tax evasion.
	V. pay, defray, make payment; paydown, pay on the nail, pay ready money, pay at sight, pay in advance; cash, honor a bill, acknowledge; redeem; pay in kind.
	pay one's way, pay one's shot, pay one's footing; pay the piper, pay sauce for all, pay costs; do the needful; shell out, fork out ; cough up [coll.], fork over; come down with, come down with the dust; tickle the palm, grease the palm; expend &c. 809; put down, lay down.
	discharge, settle, quit, acquit oneself of; foot the bill; account with, reckon with, settle with, be even with, be quits with; strike a balance; settle accounts with, balance accounts with, square accounts with; quit scores; wipe off old scores, clear off old scores; satisfy; pay in full; satisfy all demands, pay in full of all demands; clear, liquidate; pay up, pay old debts.
	disgorge, make repayment; repay, refund, reimburse, retribute[obs3]; make compensation &c.30.
	pay by credit card, put it on the plastic.
	Adj. paying &c. paid &c. v.; owing nothing, out of debt, all straight; unowed[obs3], never indebted.
	Adv. to the tune of; on the nail, money down.

	#807a. Salary. [payment for labor] -- N. salary, compensation, remuneration, wages, pay;  hourly wages, monthly wages; (reward) 973.
	[non-monetary salary] benefits.
	[total salary of all members of a family unit] family income.
	[part of salary not paid directly to laborer] withholding, deductions.
	[part of salary paid directly to worker] take-home pay.
	V. draw a salary, be paid, make; pull down, bring in.

	#808. Nonpayment. -- N.  nonpayment; default, defalcation; protest, repudiation; application of the sponge[obs2]; whitewashing.
	insolvency, bankruptcy, failure; insufficiency &c. 640; run upon a bank; overdrawn account.
	waste paper bonds; dishonored bills, protested bills; bogus check, bogus cheque, rubber check.
	bankrupt, insolvent, debtor, lame duck, man of straw, welsher, stag, defaulter, levanter[obs2].
	V. not pay &c. 807; fail, break, stop payment; become insolvent, become bankrupt; be gazetted.
	protest, dishonor, repudiate, nullify, refuse payment.
	pay under protest; button up one's pockets, draw the purse strings; apply the sponge; pay over the left shoulder, get whitewashed; swindle &c. 791; run up bills, fly kites.
	Adj. not paying, non-paying, non-performing; in debt &c. 806; behindhand, in arrear[obs3], behind in payments, in  arrears; beggared &c. (poor) 804; unable to make both ends meet, minus; worse than nothing; worthless.
	insolvent, bankrupt, in the gazette, gazetted.
	unpaid &c. (outstanding) 806; gratis &c. 815; unremunerated.

	#809. Expenditure. -- N. expenditure, money going out; out goings, out lay; expenses, disbursement; prime cost &c. (price) 812; circulation; run upon a bank.
	 payment &c.807[Money paid]; pay &c. (remuneration) 973; bribe &c. 973; fee, footing, garnish; subsidy; tribute; contingent, quota; donation &c.784.
	pay in advance, earnest, handsel, deposit, installment.
	investment; purchase &c. 795.
	V. expend, spend; run through, get through; pay, disburse; ante, ante up; pony up* [U.S.]; open the purse strings, loose the purse strings, untie the purse strings; lay out, shell out*, fork out*, fork over; bleed; make up a sum, invest, sink money.
	run up debts, run up bills (debt) 806.
	fee &c. (reward) 973; pay one's way &c. (pay) 807; subscribe &c. (give) 784; subsidize.
	Adj. expending, expended &c. v.; sumptuary.
	Phr. vectigalia nervos esse reipublicae [Lat][Cicero].

	#810. Receipt. -- N. receipt, value received, money coming in; income, incomings, innings, revenue, return, proceeds; gross receipts, net profit; earnings &c. (gain) 775; accepta[obs3], avails.
	rent, rent roll; rental, rentage[obs3]; rack-rent.
	premium, bonus; sweepstakes, tontine.
	pension, annuity; jointure &c.(property) 780[obs3]; alimony, palimony [coll.],  pittance; emolument &c. (remuneration) 973.
	V. receive &c. 785; take money; draw from, derive from; acquire &c. 775; take &c. 789.
	bring in, yield, afford, pay, return; accrue &c. (be received from) 785.
	Adj. receiving, received &c. v.; profitable &c. (gainful) 775.

	#811. Accounts. -- N. accounts, accompts[obs2]; commercial arithmetic, monetary arithmetic; statistics &c. (numeration) 85; money matters, finance, budget, bill, score, reckoning, account.
	books, account book, ledger; day book, cash book, pass book; journal; debtor and creditor account, cash account, running account; account current; balance, balance sheet; compte rendu[Fr], account settled, acquit, assets, expenditure, liabilities, outstanding accounts; profit and loss account, profit and loss statement, receipts.
	bookkeeping, accounting,  double entry bookkeeping, reckoning.
	audit.
	[person who keeps accounts] accountant, auditor, actuary, bookkeeper, bean counter [derogatory]; financier &c. 801; accounting party; chartered accountant, certified accountant; accounting firm, auditing firm.
	V. keep accounts, enter, post, book, credit, debit, carry over; take stock; balance accounts, make up accounts, square accounts, settle accounts, wind up accounts, cast up accounts; make accounts square, square accounts.
	bring to book,  tax, surcharge and falsify.
	audit, field audit; check the books, verify accounts.
	falsify an account, garble an account, cook an account, cook the books, doctor an account.
	Adj. monetary &c.800; accountable, accounting.

<-- [[price]]
tax 812c, value 812a, and cost should have  separate entries -->
	#812. Price. -- N. price, amount, cost, expense, prime cost, charge, figure; demand, damage.
	[of labor] fare, hire, wages &c. (remuneration) 973.
	{{similar_to: value &c. 812a}}.
	market price, market.
	[of foreign currency] exchange rate, rate.
	bill &c. (account) 811; shot.
<-- tax may be thought of as part of a price (as in sales tax) or as a price per se -->
	{{has_subtype: tax, R812c}}.
	{{&has_part: sales tax, @R812c}}.
	{{has_high_intensity: dearness,  R814}}.
	{{has_low_intensity: cheapness, R815}}.
	V. bear a price, set a price, fix a price; appraise, assess, doom [U.S.], price, charge, demand, ask, require, exact; run up; distrain; have one's price; liquidate.
	run up a bill &c. (debt) 806.
	amount to, come to, mount up to; stand one in.
	fetch, sell for, cost, bring in, yield, afford.
	Adj. priced &c. v.; to the tune of, ad valorem; dutiable; mercenary, venal.
	Phr. no penny no paternoster[Lat]; point d'argent point de Suisse[Fr], no longer pipe no longer dance, no song no supper, if you dance you have to pay the piper, you get what you pay for, there's no such thing as a free lunch.
	one may have it for; a bon marche[Fr].

	#812a. Value. [intrinsic worth]  -- N. {ant. to 815b} worth, rate, value, intrinsic value, quality; par value.
	[estimated value] valuation, appraisal, assessment, appraisement.
	[current value as estimated in a market] price , market price, quotation; fair price, going price; what it will fetch &c. v.; what the market will bear.
	money's worth; penny &c. worth.
	cost (price) 812.
	{{has_low_degree}} low value, cheapness, shoddiness; low quality, poor quality.
	{{similar_to(cheapness): cheapness, R815}}.
	V.  value[transitive], esteem; appreciate.
	[estimate value] appraise, evaluate, assess.
	Adj. valuable, estimable; worthwhile; worthy, full of worth.
	precious (expensive) 814.
	[of low value] cheap, shoddy; slapdash.
	Phr. worth the price; worth a king's ransom; accountants who know the price of everything and the value of nothing.

	#812c.  Tax.  [price of government services] -- N. {{is_a: price, R812}}.
	tax, impost, dues, duty, toll, levy, tariff, cess[obs3], sess[obs3], tallage[obs3]; abkari[obs3].
	taxation, assessment; tax burden.
	benevolence, tithe, tenths, exactment[obs3].
	ransom, salvage.
	brokerage, wharfage, freightage.
	{{has_property}} tax rate.
	capitation tax, poll tax, head tax.
	doomage [U.S.][obs3], likin[obs3]; gabel[obs3], gabelle[obs3]; gavel[obs2], octroi[obs3].
	custom, import duty; customs.
	export tax, export duty.
	excise, excise tax.
	luxury tax.
	sin tax [colloquial][jocular].
	{{part_of(sin tax): price, R812}}.
	{{has_subtype(sin tax)}} liquor tax, cigarette tax.
	{{&has_part(income tax)}} capital gains tax.
	{{has_subtype(federal tax)}} internal revenue, internal revenue tax.
	{{has_subtype}} federal tax; state tax; county tax; local tax, city tax.
	{{has_part(internal revenue): income tax}}.
	income tax;  progressive tax, progressive taxation, graduated income tax.
	estate tax, inheritance tax, death duty[Brit.], death tax.
	corporation tax.
	{{&has_part}} surtax.
	{{has_subtype(income tax)}} personal income tax, corporate income tax.
	{{&has_part(corporate income tax)}} excess profits tax.
	{{has_part(price, R812)}} sales tax; use tax.
	{{has_subtype(corporation tax)}} {{similar_to(sales tax)}} VAT, value added tax.
	{{has_part(income tax)}} withholding, withholding tax.
	{{has_high_level}} supertax; overtaxation; oppressive taxation, crushing burden of taxes.
	{{has_issue(income tax)}} tax bracket; bracket creep; tax withholding.
	{{has_issue}} tax base, tax structure.
	{{has_process(taxation): tax payment, tax returns, @payment, R807}}.
	V. tax; impose, levy; tithe.
	overtax.
	ransom.
	{{performed_by(taxation): taxman, tax collector, P2.3.2.3.2.5.39}}.
	Adj. taxable, taxed, subject to taxation; overtaxed, undertaxed.
	{{antonym(taxable)}} untaxed, tax-free; duty-free; exempt, tax exempt.
	Phr. "nothing is certain except death and taxes".

	#813. Discount. -- N. discount, abatement, concession, reduction, depreciation, allowance; qualification, set-off, drawback, poundage, agio[obs3], percentage; rebate, rebatement[obs3]; backwardation, contango[obs3]; salvage; tare and tret[obs3].
	sale, bargain; half price; price war.
	wholesale, wholesale price; dealer's price; trade price.
	coupon, discount coupon, cents-off coupon; store coupon, manufacturer's coupon; double coupon discount, triple coupon discount.
	V. discount, bate; abate, rebate; reduce, price down, mark down take off, allow, give, make allowance; tax.
	Adj. discounting &c. v.
	Adv. at a discount, below par; at wholesale; have a friend in the business.

	#814. Dearness. -- N. dearness &c. adj.; high price, famine price, fancy price; overcharge, surcharge; premium price, top dollar; extravagance; exorbitance, extortion; heavy pull upon the purse.
	V. be dear &c. adj.; cost much, cost a pretty penny; rise in price, look up.
	[demand a price in excess of value] overcharge, bleed, fleece, extort.
	[pay a price in excess of value] pay too much, pay through the nose, pay too dear for one's whistle, pay top dollar.
	Adj. dear; high, high priced; of great price, expensive, costly, precious; worth a Jew's eye[obs2], dear bought.
	at a premium.
	not to be had, not to be had for love or money; beyond price, above price, priceless, of priceless value.
	[priced in excess of value] unreasonable, extravagant, exorbitant, extortionate; overpriced, more than it's worth.
	Adv. dear, dearly; at great cost, heavy cost; a grands frais[Fr].
	Phr. prices looking up; le jeu ne vaut pas la chandelle[French]; le cout en ote le gout[Fr]; vel prece vel pretio[Lat][obs3]; too high a price to pay, not worth it.

	#815. Cheapness. -- N. cheapness, low price; depreciation; bargain; good penny &c. worth; snap [U.S.].
	[Absence of charge] gratuity; free quarters, free seats, free admission, free warren, give-away, freebee [coll.]; run of one's teeth; nominal price, peppercorn rent; labor of love.
	drug in the market; deadhead[obs3].
	V. be cheap &c. adj.; cost little; come down in price, fall in price.
	buy for a mere nothing, buy for an old song; have one's money's worth.
	Adj. cheap; low, low priced; moderate, reasonable; inexpensive, unexpensive[obs3]; well worth the money, worth the money; magnifique et pas cher[French]; good at the price, cheap at the price; dirt cheap, dog cheap; cheap, cheap as dirt, cheap and nasty; catchpenny ;discounted &c. 813.
	half-price, depreciated, unsalable.
	gratuitous, gratis, free, for nothing; costless, expenseless[obs3]; without charge, not charged, untaxed; scotfree, shotfree[obs3], rent-free; free of cost, free of expense; honorary, unbought, unpaid.
	Adv. for a mere song, for a song; at cost, at cost price, at prime cost, at a reduction; a bon marche[Fr].

	#815b. Worthlessness. -- N. {ant. to 812a} worthlessness, valuelessness; lack of value; uselessness.
	[worthless item] trash, garbage, discard, refuse.
	Adj.  worthless, valueless; useless.
	inexpensive &c. 815.
	Phr. not worth the paper it's printed on, not worth a sou.

	#816. Liberality. -- N. liberality, generosity, munificence; bounty, bounteousness, bountifulness; hospitality; charity &c. (beneficence) 906.
	V. be liberal &c.adj.; spend freely, bleed freely; shower down upon; open one's purse strings &c. (disburse) 809; spare no expense, give carte blanche[Fr].
	Adj. liberal, free, generous; charitable &c. (beneficent) 906; hospitable; bountiful, bounteous; handsome; unsparing, ungrudging; unselfish; open handed, free handed, full handed; open hearted, large hearted, free hearted; munificent, princely.
	overpaid.
	Phr. "handsome is that handsome does" [Goldsmith].

	#817. Economy. -- N. economy, frugality; thrift, thriftiness; care, husbandry, good housewifery, savingness[obs3], retrenchment.
	savings; prevention of waste, save-all; cheese parings and candle ends; parsimony &c. 819.
	cost-cutting, cost control.
	V. be economical &c. adj.; practice economy; economize, save; retrench, cut back expenses, cut expenses; cut one's coat according to one's cloth, make both ends meet, keep within compass, meet one's expenses, pay one's way, pay as you go; husband &c. (lay by) 636.
	save money, invest money; put out to interest; provide for a rainy day, save for a rainy day, provide against a rainy day, save against a rainy day; feather one's nest; look after the main chance.
	cut costs.
	Adj. economical, frugal, careful, thrifty, saving, chary, spare, sparing; parsimonious &c.819.
	underpaid.
	Adv. sparingly &c. adj.; ne quid nimis[Lat].
	Phr. adde parvum parvo magnus acervus erit[Latin]; magnum est vectigal parsimonia  [Latin][Cicero].

	#817a. Greed. [excessive desire] -- N.  covetousness, ravenousness &c. adj.; venality, avidity, cupidity; acquisitiveness (acquisition) 775; desire &c. 865.
	[greed for money or material things] greed, greediness, avarice, avidity, rapacity, extortion.
	selfishness &c.943; auri sacra fames[Lat].
	grasping, craving, canine appetite, rapacity.
	V. covet, crave (desire) 865; grasp; exact, extort. 
	Adj.  greedy, avaricious, covetous, acquisitive, grasping; rapacious; lickerish[obs3].
	greedy as a hog; overeager; voracious; ravenous, ravenous as a wolf; open-mouthed, extortionate, exacting, sordid[obs2], alieni appetens[Lat]; insatiable, insatiate; unquenchable, quenchless; omnivorous.

	#818. Prodigality. -- N. prodigality, prodigence[obs1]; unthriftiness[obs3], waste; profusion, profuseness; extravagance; squandering &c. v.; malversation.
	prodigal; spendthrift, waste thrift; losel[obs3], squanderer[obs3], locust; high roller* [U.S.].
	V. be prodigal &c. adj.; squander, lavish, sow broadcast; pour forth like water; blow, blow in*; pay through the nose &c. (dear) 814; spill, waste, dissipate, exhaust, drain, eat out of house and home, overdraw, outrun the constable; run out, run through; misspend; throw good money after bad, throw the helve after the hatchet[obs3]; burn the candle at both ends; make ducks and drakes of one's money; fool away one's money, potter away one's money, muddle away one's money, fritter away one's money, throw away one's money, run through one's money; pour water into a sieve, kill the goose that lays the golden eggs; manger son ble en herbe[Fr].
	Adj. prodigal, profuse, thriftless, unthrifty, improvident, wasteful, losel[obs3], extravagant, lavish, dissipated, overliberal; full-handed &c. (liberal) 816.
	penny wise and pound foolish.
	Adv. with an unsparing hand; money burning a hole in one's pocket.
	Phr. amor nummi [Latin]; facile largiri de alieno[Lat]; wie gewonnen so zerronnen [German]; les fous font les festins et les sages les mangent [French]; "spendthrift alike of money and of wit" [Cowper]; "squandering wealth was his peculiar art" [Dryden].

<-- separate greed, acquisitiveness => 817a from parsimony, frugality -->

	#819. Parsimony. -- N. parsimony, parcity[obs1]; parsimoniousness[obs3], stinginess &c. adj.; stint; illiberality, tenacity.
	avarice, greed &c. 817a.
	miser, niggard, churl, screw, skinflint, crib, codger, muckworm[obs3], scrimp, lickpenny[obs3], hunks, curmudgeon, Harpagon, harpy, extortioner, Jew, usurer; Hessian [U.S.]; pinch fist, pinch penny.
	V. be parsimonious &c. adj.; grudge, begrudge, stint, pinch, gripe, screw, dole out, hold back, withhold, starve, famish, live upon nothing, skin a flint.
	drive a bargain, drive a hard bargain; cheapen, beat down; stop one hole in a sieve; have an itching palm, grasp, grab.
	Adj. parsimonious, penurious, stingy, miserly, mean, shabby, peddling, scrubby, penny wise, near, niggardly, close; fast handed, close handed, strait handed; close fisted, hard fisted, tight fisted; tight, sparing; chary; grudging, griping &c. v.; illiberal, ungenerous, churlish, hidebound, sordid, mercenary, venal, covetous, usurious, avaricious, greedy, extortionate, rapacious.
	Adv. with a sparing hand.
	Phr. desunt inopioe multa avaritiae omnia [Latin][Syrus]; "hoards after hoards his rising raptures fill" [Goldsmith]; "the unsunn'd heaps of miser's treasures" [Milton].

M9.3  Moral (Ethical, not religious) Interactions
M9.3.1  moral Obligations (R922 to R927a)
<--
	  1. OBLIGATIONS .
		
			922.	Right					923.	Wrong
			924.	Dullness					925.	Undueness
			926.	Duty						927.	Dereliction
										927a. Exemption
-->
	#922. Right. -- N. right; what ought to be, what should be; fitness &c. adj.; summum jus[Lat].
	justice, equity; equitableness &c. adj.; propriety; fair play, impartiality, measure for measure, give and take, lex talionis[Lat].
	Astraea[obs3], Nemesis, Themis.
	scales of justice, evenhanded justice, karma; suum cuique[Lat]; clear stage, fair field and no favor, level playing field.
	morals &c. (duty) 926; law &c. 963; honor &c. (probity) 939; virtue &c. 944.
	V. be right &c. adj.; stand to reason.
	see  justice done, see one righted, see fair play; do justice to; recompense &c. (reward) 973; bold the scales even, give and take; serve one right, put the saddle on the right horse; give every one his due	, give the devil his due; audire alteram partem[Lat].
	deserve &c. (be entitled to) 924.
	Adj. right, good; just, reasonable; fit &c. 924; equal, equable, equatable[obs3]; evenhanded, fair.
	legitimate, justifiable, rightful; as it should be, as it ought to be; lawful &c. (permitted) 760, (legal) 963.
deserved &c. 924.
	Adv. rightly &c. adj.; a bon droit[Fr], au bon droit[Fr], in justice, in equity,, in reason.
	without distinction of persons, without regard to persons, without respect to persons; upon even terms.
	Int. all right! fair's fair.
	Phr. Dieu et mon droit[Fr];," in equal scale weighing delight and dole " [Hamlet]; justitia cuum cuique distribuit [Lat][Cicero]; justitiae soror incorrupta fides[Lat]; justitia virtutem regina[Lat]; " thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just " [Henry VI].

	#923. Wrong. -- N. wrong; what ought not to be, what should not be; malum in se[Lat]; unreasonableness, grievance; shame.
	injustice; tort [Law]; unfairness &c. adj.; iniquity, foul play.
	partiality, leaning, bias; favor, favoritism; nepotism, party spirit, partisanship; bigotry.
	undueness &c. 925; wrongdoing (vice) 945; unlawfulness &c. 964.
	robbing Peter to pay Paul &c. v.; the wolf and the lamb; vice &c. 945.
	" a custom more honored in the breach than the observance " [Hamlet].
	V. be wrong &c. adj.; cry to heaven for vengeance.
	do wrong &c. n.; be inequitable &c. adj.; favor, lean towards; encroach upon, impose upon; reap where one has not sown; give an inch and take an ell, give an inch and take an mile; rob Peter to pay Paul.
	Adj. wrong, wrongful; bad, too bad; unjust, unfair; inequitable, unequitable[obs3]; unequal, partial, one-sided; injurious, tortious[Law].
	objectionable; unreasonable, unallowable, unwarrantable, unjustifiable; improper, unfit; unjustified &c. 925; illegal &c. 964; iniquitous; immoral &c. 945.
	in the wrong, in the wrong box.
	Adv. wrongly &c. adj.
	Phr. it will not do.

	#924. Dueness. -- N. due, dueness; right, privilege, prerogative, prescription, title, claim, pretension, demand, birthright. immunity, license, liberty, franchise; vested interest, vested right.
	sanction, authority, warranty, charter; warrant &c. (permission) 760; constitution &c. (law) 963; tenure; bond &c. (security) 771.
	claimant, appellant; plaintiff &c. 938.
	V. be due &c. adj. to, be the due &c. n. of; have right to, have  title to, have claim to; be entitled to; have a claim upon; belong to &c. (property) 780.
	deserve, merit, be worthy of, richly deserve.
	demand, claim; call upon for, come upon for, appeal to for; revendicate[obs3], reclaim; exact; insist on, insist upon; challenge; take one's stand, make a point of, require, lay claim to, assert, assume, arrogate, make good; substantiate; vindicate a claim, vindicate a right; fit for, qualify for; make out a case.
	give a right, confer a right; entitle; authorize &c. 760; sanctify, legalize, ordain, prescribe, allot.
	give every one his due &c. 922; pay one's dues; have one's due, have one's rights.
	use a right, assert, enforce, put in force, lay under contribution.
	Adj. having a right to &c. v.; entitled to; claiming; deserving, meriting, worthy of.
	privileged, allowed, sanctioned, warranted, authorized; ordained, prescribed, constitutional, chartered, enfranchised. prescriptive, presumptive; absolute, indefeasible; unalienable, inalienable; imprescriptible[obs3], inviolable, unimpeachable, unchallenged; sacrosanct.
due to, merited, deserved, condign, richly deserved.
	allowable &c. (permitted) 760; lawful, licit, legitimate, legal; legalized &c. (law) 963.
	square, unexceptionable, right; equitable &c. 922; due, en regle; fit, fitting; correct, proper, meet, befitting, becoming, seemly; decorous; creditable, up to the mark, right as a trivet; just the thing, quite the thing; selon les regles[Fr].
	Adv. duly, ex officio, de jure[Lat]; by right, by divine right; jure divino[Lat], Dei gratia[Lat], in the name of.
	Phr. civis Romanus sum [Lat][Cicero]; a chaque saint sa chandelle[Fr].

	#925. [Absence of right.] Undueness. -- N. undueness &c. adj.; malum prohibitum[Lat]; impropriety; illegality &c. 964.
	falseness &c. adj.; emptiness of title, invalidity of title; illegitimacy.
	loss of right, disfranchisement, forfeiture.
	usurpation, tort, violation, breach, encroachment, presumption, assumption, seizure; stretch, exaction, imposition, lion's share.
	usurper, pretender.
	V. be undue &c. adj.; not be due &c. 924.
	infringe, encroach, trench on, exact; arrogate, arrogate to oneself; give an inch and take an ell; stretch a point, strain a point; usurp, violate, do violence to.
	disfranchise, disentitle, disqualify; invalidate.
	relax &c. (be lax) 738; misbehave &c. (vice) 945; misbecome[obs3].
	Adj. undue; unlawful &c. (illegal) 964; unconstitutional; illicit; unauthorized, unwarranted, disallowed, unallowed[obs3], unsanctioned, unjustified; unentitled[obs3], disentitled, unqualified, disqualified; unprivileged, unchartered.
	illegitimate, bastard, spurious, supposititious, false; usurped.
	tortious [Law].
	undeserved, unmerited, unearned; unfulfilled.
	forfeited, disfranchised.
	improper; unmeet, unfit, unbefitting, unseemly; unbecoming, misbecoming[obs3]; seemless[obs3]; contra bonos mores[Lat]; not the thing, out of the question, not to be thought of; preposterous, pretentious, would-be.
	Phr. filius nullius.

	#926. Duty. -- N. duty, what ought to be done, moral obligation, accountableness[obs3], liability, onus, responsibility; bounden duty, imperative duty; call, call of duty,; accountability.
	allegiance, fealty, tie engagement &c. (promise) 768; part; function, calling &c. (business) 625.
	morality,, morals, decalogue; case of conscience; conscientiousness &c. (probity) 939; conscience, inward monitor, still small voice within, sense of duty, tender conscience, superego; the hell within [P. L.]. dueness &c. 924; propriety, fitness, seemliness, amenability, decorum, <gr/to prepon/gr>[Grk]; the thing, the proper thing; the right thing to do, the proper thing to do.
	 ethics[Science of morals], ethology.; deontology[obs3], aretology[obs3]; moral philosophy, ethical philosophy,; casuistry, polity.
	observance, fulfillment, discharge, performance, acquittal, satisfaction, redemption; good behavior.
	V. be the duty of; be incumbent &c. adj. on, be responsible &c. adj.; behoove, become, befit, beseem; belong to, pertain to; fall to one's lot; devolve on; lie upon, lie on one's head, lie at one's door; rest with, rest on the shoulders of. take upon oneself &c. (promise) 768; be bound to, become bound to, be sponsor for, become sponsor for; incur a responsibility &c. n.; be under an obligation, stand under an obligation, lie under an obligation; have to answer for, owe to it oneself.
	impose a duty, &c. n.; enjoin, require, exact; bind, bind over; saddle with, prescribe, assign, call upon, look to, oblige.
	enter upon a duty, perform a duty, observe a duty, fulfill a duty, discharge a duty, adhere to a duty, acquit oneself of a duty, satisfy a duty, enter upon an obligation, perform an obligation, observe an obligation, fulfill an obligation, discharge an obligation, adhere to an obligation, acquit oneself of an obligation, satisfy an obligation; act one's part, redeem one's pledge, do justice to, be at one's post; do duty; do one's duty &c. (be virtuous) 944.
	be on one's good behavior, mind one's P's and Q's.
	Adj. obligatory, binding; imperative, peremptory; stringent &c. (severe) 739; behooving &c. v.; incumbent on, chargeable on; under obligation; obliged by, bound by, tied by; saddled with.
	due to, beholden to, bound to, indebted to; tied down; compromised &c. (promised) 768; in duty bound.
	amenable, liable, accountable, responsible, answerable.
	right, meet &c. (due) 924; moral, ethical, casuistical, conscientious, ethological.
	Adv. with a safe conscience, as in duty, bound, on one's own responsibility, at one's own risk, suo periculo[Lat]; in foro conscientiae[Lat]; quamdiu se bene gesserit[Lat].
	Phr. dura lex sed lex[Lat]; dulce et decorum est pro patria mori[Lat]; honos habet onus[Lat]; leve fit quod bene fertur onus [Lat][Ovid];  loyaute m'oblige[Fr]; " simple duty bath no place for fear " [Whittier]; " stern daughter of the voice of God " [Wordsworth]; " there is a higher law than the Constitution " [Wm. Seward].

	#927. Dereliction of Duty. -- N. dereliction of duty; fault &c. (guilt) 947; sin &c. (vice) 945; non-observance, non-performance; neglect, relaxation, infraction, violation, transgression, failure, evasion; dead letter.
	{{similar_to: @R757, resignation, abnegation}}.
	V. violate; break, break through; infringe; set aside, set at naught; encroach upon, trench upon; trample on, trample under foot.
	slight, neglect, evade, renounce, forswear, repudiate; wash one's hands of; escape, transgress, fail.
	{{similar_to: @R757, resign, abnegate}}.
	call to account &c. (disapprobation) 932.

	#927a. Exemption. -- N. exemption, freedom, irresponsibility, immunity, liberty, license, release, exoneration, excuse, dispensation, absolution, franchise, renunciation, discharge; exculpation &c. 970.
V. be exempt &c. adj.
	exempt, release, acquit, discharge, quitclaim, remise, remit; free, set at liberty, let off, pass over, spare, excuse, dispense with, give dispensation, license; stretch a point; absolve &c. (forgive) 918; exonerate &c. (exculpate) 970; save the necessity.
	Adj. exempt, free, immune, at liberty, scot-free; released &c. v.; unbound, unencumbered; irresponsible, unaccountable, not answerable; excusable.
	Phr. bonis nocet quisquis pepercerit malis [Lat][Syrus].

<--  M9.3.2  Moral Sentiments (R928 to R938)
  relocated to M8.3.1.2  Judgmental emotions regarding people -->
M9.3.2  Moral Sentiments (R928 to R938)
	[ref: M8.3.1.2 Judgmental emotions regarding people ].

M9.3.3  Moral Conditions (R939 to R952)   [[morality]]
<--  actually moral attributes of people 
			939.	Probity					940. Improbity
										941. Knave
			942.	Disinterestedness			943. Selfishness
			944.	Virtue					945. Vice
			946.	Innocence					947. Guilt
Note:  948.  Good Man  and  R949. Bad Man to character 
   P2.3.2.3.2.5.21   Good MAn R948,    P2.3.2.3.2.5.22  Bad MAn  R949
 && these following should be under actions 
			950.	Penitence					951. Impenitence
			952.	Atonement
	#939. Probity. -- N. probity, integrity, rectitude; uprightness &c. adj.; honesty, faith; honor; bonne foi[Fr], good faith, bona fides[Lat]; purity, clean hands.
	fairness &c. adj.; fair play, justice, equity, impartiality, principle, even-handedness; grace.
	constancy; faithfulness &c. adj.; fidelity, loyalty; incorruption, incorruptibility.
	trustworthiness &c. adj.; truth, candor, singleness of heart; veracity &c. 543; tender conscience &c. (sense of duty) 926.
	punctilio, delicacy, nicety; scrupulosity, scrupulousness &c. adj.; scruple; point, point of honor; punctuality.
	dignity &c, (repute) 873; respectability, respectableness &c. adj; gentilhomme[Fr], gentleman; man of honor, man of his word; fidus Achates[Lat][obs3], preux chevalier[Fr], galantuomo[It]; truepenny[obs3], trump, brick; true Briton; white man * [U.S.].
	court of honor, a fair field and no favor; argumentum ad verecundiam[Lat].
	V. be honorable &c. adj.; deal honorably, deal squarely, deal impartially, deal fairly; speak the truth &c. (veracity) 543; draw a straight furrow; tell the truth and shame the Devil, vitam impendere vero[Lat]; show a proper spirit, make a point of; do one's duty &c. (virtue) 944.
	redeem one's pledge &c. 926; keep one's promise, be as good as one's promise, be as good as one's word; keep faith with, not fail.
	give and take, audire alteram partem[Lat], give the Devil his due, put the saddle on the right horse.
	redound to one's honor.
	Adj. upright; honest, honest as daylight; veracious &c. 543; virtuous &c. 944; honorable; fair, right, just, equitable, impartial, evenhanded, square; fair and aboveboard, open and aboveboard; white * [U.S.].
	constant, constant as the northern star; faithful, loyal, staunch; true, true blue, true to one's colors, true to the core, true as the needle to the pole; "marble-constant" [Antony and Cleopatra]; true-hearted, trusty, trustworthy; as good as one's word, to be depended on, incorruptible.
	straightforward &c. (ingenuous) 703; frank, candid, open-hearted.
	conscientious, tender-conscienced, right-minded; high-principled, high-minded; scrupulous, religious, strict; nice, punctilious, correct, punctual; respectable, reputable; gentlemanlike[obs3].
	inviolable, inviolate; unviolated[obs3], unbroken, unbetrayed; unbought, unbribed[obs3].
	innocent &c. 946; pure, stainless; unstained, untarnished, unsullied, untainted, unperjured[obs3]; uncorrupt, uncorrupted; undefiled, undepraved[obs3], undebauched[obs3]; integer vitae scelerisque purus [Lat][Horace]; justus et tenax propositi [Lat][Horace].
	chivalrous, jealous of honor, sans peur et sans reproche[Fr]; high-spirited.
	supramundane[obs3], unworldly, other-worldly, overscrupulous[obs3].
	Adv. honorable &c. adj.; bona fide; on the square, in good faith, honor bright, foro conscientiae[Lat], with clean hands.
	Phr. "a face untaught to feign" [Pope]; bene qui latuit bene vixit [Lat][Ovid]; mens sibi conscia recti[Lat]; probitas laudatur et alget [Lat][obs3][Juvenal]; fidelis ad urnam[Lat]; "his heart as far from fraud as heaven from earth" [Two Gentlemen]; loyaute m'oblige[Fr]; loyaute n'a honte[Fr]; "what stronger breastplate than a heart untainted?" [Henry VI].

	#940. Improbity. -- N. improbity[obs3]; dishonesty, dishonor; deviation from rectitude; disgrace &c. (disrepute) 874; fraud &c. (deception) 545; lying &c. 544; bad faith, Punic faith; mala fides[Lat], Punica fides[Lat]; infidelity; faithlessness &c. adj.; Judas kiss, betrayal.
	breach of promise, breach of trust, breach of faith; prodition[obs1], disloyalty, treason, high treason; apostasy &c. (tergiversation) 607; nonobservance &c. 773.
	shabbiness &c. adj.; villainy, villany[obs3]; baseness &c. adj.; abjection, debasement, turpitude, moral turpitude, laxity, trimming, shuffling.
	perfidy; perfidiousness &c. adj.; treachery, double dealing; unfairness &c. adj.; knavery, roguery, rascality, foul play; jobbing, jobbery; graft, bribery; venality, nepotism; corruption, job, shuffle, fishy transaction; barratry, sharp practice, heads I win tails you lose; mouth honor &c. (flattery) 933.
	{{trait_of:  Knave , R941, P2.3.2.3.2.4.16 }}.

	V. be dishonest &c. adj.; play false; break one's word, break one's faith, break one's promise; jilt, betray, forswear; shuffle &c. (lie) 544; live by one's wits, sail near the wind.
	disgrace oneself, dishonor oneself, demean oneself; derogate, stoop, grovel, sneak, lose caste; sell oneself, go over to the enemy; seal one's infamy.
	Adj. dishonest, dishonorable; unconscientious, unscrupulous; fraudulent &c. 545; knavish; disgraceful &c. (disreputable) 974; wicked &c. 945.
	false-hearted, disingenuous; unfair, one-sided; double, double-hearted, double-tongued, double-faced; timeserving[obs3], crooked, tortuous,insidious, Machiavelian, dark, slippery; fishy; perfidious, treacherous, perjured.
	infamous, arrant, foul, base, vile, ignominious, blackguard.
	contemptible, unrespectable, abject, mean, shabby, little, paltry, dirty, scurvy, scabby, sneaking, groveling, scrubby, rascally, pettifogging; beneath one.
	low-minded, low-thoughted[obs3]; base-minded.
	undignified, indign[obs1]; unbecoming, unbeseeming[obs3], unbefitting; derogatory, degrading; infra dignitatem [Latin: beneath one's dignity]; ungentlemanly, ungentlemanlike; unknightly[obs3], unchivalric[obs3], unmanly, unhandsome; recreant, inglorious.
	corrupt, venal; debased, mongrel.
	faithless, of bad faith, false, unfaithful, disloyal; untrustworthy; trustless, trothless[obs3]; lost to shame, dead to honor; barratrous.
	Adv. dishonestly &c. adj.; mala fide[Lat], like a thief in the night, by crooked paths.
	Int. O tempora[obs3]! O mores! [Cicero].
	Phr. corruptissima respublica plurimae leges [Lat][Tacitus].

<--  R941 Knave relocated to Character, P2.3.2.3.2.4.16   
..  -->

	#942. Disinterestedness. -- N. disinterestedness &c. adj.; generosity; liberality, liberalism; altruism; benevolence &c. 906; elevation, loftiness of purpose, exaltation, magnanimity; chivalry, chivalrous spirit; heroism, sublimity.
	self-denial, self-abnegation, self-sacrifice, self-immolation, self-control &c. (resolution) 604; stoicism, devotion, martyrdom, suttee.
	labor of love.
	V. be disinterested &c. adj.; make a sacrifice, lay one's head on the block; put oneself in the place of others, do as one would be done by, do unto others as we would men should do unto us.
	Adj. disinterested; unselfish; self-denying, self-sacrificing, self-devoted; generous.
	handsome, liberal, noble, broad-minded; noble-minded, high-minded; princely, great, high, elevated, lofty, exalted, spirited, stoical, magnanimous; great-hearted, large-hearted; chivalrous, heroic, sublime.
	unbought, unbribed[obs3]; uncorrupted &c. (upright) 939.
	Phr. non vobis solum[Lat].

	#943. Selfishness. -- N. selfishness &c. adj.; self-love, self-indulgence, self-worship, self-interest; egotism, egoism; amour propre[Fr],&c. (vanity) 880; nepotism.
	worldliness &c. adj.; world wisdom.
	illiberality; meanness &c. adj.
	time-pleaser, time-server; tuft-hunter, fortune-hunter; jobber, worldling; egotist, egoist, monopolist, nepotist; dog in the manger, charity that begins at home; canis in praesepi[Lat], "foes to nobleness," temporizer, trimmer.
	V. be selfish &c. adj.; please oneself, indulge oneself, coddle oneself; consult one's own wishes, consult one's own pleasure; look after one's own interest; feather one's nest; take care of number one, have an eye to the main chance, know on which side one's bread is buttered; give an inch and take an ell.
	Adj. selfish; self-seeking, self-indulgent, self-interested, self-centered; wrapped up in self, wrapt up in self[obs3], centered in self; egotistic, egotistical; egoistical[obs3].
	illiberal, mean, ungenerous, narrow-minded; mercenary, venal; covetous &c. 819.
	unspiritual, earthly, earthly-minded; mundane; worldly, worldly-minded; worldly-wise; timeserving[obs3].
	interested; alieni appetens sui profusus[Lat].
	Adv. ungenerously &c. adj.; to gain some private ends, from interested motives.
	Phr. apres nous le deluge[Fr].

	#944. Virtue. -- N. virtue; virtuousness &c. adj.; morality; moral rectitude; integrity &c. (probity) 939; nobleness &c. 873.
	morals; ethics &c. (duty) 926; cardinal virtues.
	merit, worth, desert, excellence, credit; self-control &c. (resolution) 604; self-denial &c. (temperance) 953.
	well-doing; good actions, good behavior; discharge of duty, fulfillment of duty, performance of duty; well-spent life; innocence &c. 946.
	V. be virtuous &c. adj.; practice virtue &c.n.; do one's duty, fulfill one's duty, perform one's duty, discharge one's duty; redeem one's pledge, keep one's promise &c. 926; act well, act one's part; fight the good fight; acquit oneself well; command one's passions, master one's passions; keep in the right path.
	set an example, set a good example; be on one's good behavior, be on one's best behavior.
	Adj. virtuous, good; innocent &c. 946; meritorious, deserving, worthy, desertful[obs3], correct; dutiful, duteous; moral; right, righteous, right-minded; well-intentioned, creditable, laudable, commendable, praiseworthy; above all praise, beyond all praise; excellent, admirable; sterling, pure, noble; whole-souled[obs3].
	exemplary; matchless, peerless; saintly, saint-like; heaven-born, angelic, seraphic, godlike.
	Adv. virtuously &c, adj.; e merito[Lat].
	Phr. esse quam videri bonus malebat [Lat][Sallust]; Schonheit vergeht Tugend besteht[Ger]; "virtue the greatest of all monarchies" [Swift]; virtus laudatur et alget [Lat][obs3][Juvenal]; virtus vincit invidiam[Lat].

	#945. Vice. -- N. vice; evil-doing, evil courses; wrongdoing; wickedness, viciousness &c. adj.; iniquity, peccability[obs3], demerit; sin, Adam[obs2]; old Adam[obs3], offending Adam[obs3].
	immorality, impropriety, indecorum, scandal, laxity, looseness of morals; enphagy[obs3], dophagy[obs3], exophagy[obs3]; want of principle, want of ballast; obliquity, backsliding, infamy, demoralization, pravity[obs3], depravity, pollution; hardness of heart; brutality &c. (malevolence) 907; corruption &c. (debasement) 659; knavery &c. (improbity) 940[obs3]; profligacy; flagrancy, atrocity; cannibalism; lesbianism, Sadism.
	infirmity; weakness &c. adj.; weakness of the flesh, frailty, imperfection; error; weak side; foible; failing, failure; crying sin, besetting sin; defect, deficiency; cloven foot.
	lowest dregs of vice, sink of iniquity, Alsatian den[obs3]; gusto picaresco[It].
	fault, crime; criminality &c. (guilt) 947.
	sinner &c. 949.
	[Resorts] brothel &c. 961; gambling house &c. 621; joint*, opium den, shooting gallery, crack house.
	V. be vicious &c. adj.; sin, commit sin, do amiss, err, transgress; misdemean oneself[obs3], forget oneself, misconduct oneself; misdo[obs3], misbehave; fall, lapse, slip, trip, offend, trespass; deviate from the line of duty, deviate from the path of virtue &c. 944; take a wrong course, go astray; hug a sin, hug a fault; sow one's wild oats.
	render vicious &c. adj.; demoralize, brutalize; corrupt &c. (degrade) 659.
	Adj.  vicious[1]; sinful; sinning &c.v.; wicked, iniquitous, immoral, unrighteous, wrong, criminal; naughty, incorrect; unduteous[obs3], undutiful.
	unprincipled, lawless, disorderly, contra bonos mores[Lat], indecorous, unseemly, improper; dissolute, profligate, scampish; unworthy; worthless; desertless[obs3]; disgraceful, recreant; reprehensible, blameworthy, uncommendable; discreditable, disreputable; Sadistic.
	base, sinister, scurvy, foul, gross, vile, black, grave, facinorous[obs1], felonious, nefarious, shameful, scandalous, infamous, villainous, of a deep dye, heinous; flagrant, flagitious; atrocious, incarnate, accursed.
	Mephistophelian, satanic, diabolic, hellish, infernal, stygian, fiendlike[obs3], hell-born, demoniacal, devilish, fiendish.
	miscreated[obs3], misbegotten; demoralized, corrupt, depraved.
	evil-minded, evil-disposed; ill-conditioned; malevolent &c. 907; heartless, graceless, shameless, virtueless; abandoned, lost to virtue; unconscionable; sunk in iniquity, lost in iniquity, steeped in iniquity.
	incorrigible, irreclaimable, obdurate, reprobate, past praying for; culpable, reprehensible &c. (guilty) 947.
	unjustifiable; indefensible, inexcusable; inexpiable, unpardonable, irremissible[obs3].
	weak, frail, lax, infirm, imperfect; indiscrete; demoralizing, degrading.
	Adv. wrong; sinfully &c. adj.; without excuse.
	Int. O tempora[obs3]! O mores!
	Phr. alitur vitium vivitque tegendo [Lat][obs3][Vergil]; genus est mortis male vivere [Lat][Ovid]; mala mens malus animus [Lat][Terence]; nemo repente fuit turpissimus[Lat]; "the trail of the serpent is over them all" [Moore]; "to sanction vice and hunt decorum down" [Bryon].

[Note 1 - Most of these adjectives are applicable both to the act and to the agent.].

	#946. Innocence. -- N. innocence; guiltlessness &c. adj.; incorruption, impeccability.
	clean hands, clear conscience, mens sibi conscia recti [Lat][Vergil].
	innocent, lamb, dove.
	V. be innocent &c. adj; nil conscire sibi nulla pallescere culpa [Lat][Horace].
	acquit &c. 970; exculpate &c. (vindicate) 937.
	Adj. innocent, not guilty; unguilty[obs3]; guiltless, faultless, sinless, stainless, bloodless, spotless; clear, immaculate; rectus in curia[Lat]; unspotted, unblemished, unerring; undefiled &c. 939; unhardened[obs3], Saturnian; Arcadian &c. (artless) 703[obs3].
	inculpable, unculpable[obs3]; unblamed, unblamable[obs3]; blameless, unfallen[obs3], inerrable[obs3], above suspicion; irreproachable, irreprovable[obs3], irreprehensible[obs3]; unexceptionable, unobjectionable, unimpeachable; salvable[obs3]; venial &c. 937.
	harmless; inoffensive, innoxious[obs3], innocuous; dove-like, lamb-like; pure, harmless as doves; innocent as a lamb, innocent as the babe unborn; "more sinned against than sinning" [Lear].
	virtuous &c. 944; unreproved[obs3], unimpeached, unreproached[obs3].
	Adv. innocently &c. adj.; with clean hands; with a clear conscience, with a safe conscience.
	Phr. murus aeneus conscientia sana  [Lat][obs3][Horace].

	#947. Guilt. -- N. guilt, guiltiness; culpability; criminality, criminousness[obs3]; deviation from rectitude &c. (improbity) 940[obs3]; sinfulness &c. (vice) 945.
	misconduct, misbehavior, misdoing, misdeed; malpractice, fault, sin, error, transgression; dereliction, delinquency; indiscretion, lapse, slip, trip, faux pas[Fr], peccadillo; flaw, blot, omission; failing, failure; break, bad break [obs2], capital crime, delictum[Lat].
	offense, trespass; misdemeanor, misfeasance, misprision; malefaction, malfeasance, malversation; crime, felony.
	enormity, atrocity, outrage; deadly sin, mortal sin; "deed without a name" [Macbeth].
	corpus delicti.
	Adj. guilty, to blame, culpable, peccable[obs3], in fault, at fault, censurable, reprehensible, blameworthy, uncommendable, illaudable[obs3]; weighed in the balance and found wanting; exceptionable.
Adv. in flagrante delicto[Lat]; red-handed, in the very act, with one's hand in the cookie jar.
	Phr. cui prodest scelus in fecit [Lat][Seneca]; culpam paena premit comes [Lat][Horace]; "O would the deed were good!" [Richard II]; "responsibility prevents crimes"  se judice nemo nocens absolvitur [Lat][Burke;][Juvenal]; "so many laws argues so many sins" [Paradise Lost].

<--  948 good man and 949 bad man to person 
P2.3.2.3.2.5.21   Good MAn R948,    P2.3.2.3.2.5.22  Bad MAn  R949
-->

	#950. Penitence. -- N. penitence, contrition, compunction, repentance, remorse; regret &c. 833.
	self-reproach, self-reproof, self-accusation, self-condemnation, self-humiliation; stings of conscience, pangs of conscience, qualms of conscience, prickings of conscience[obs3], twinge of conscience, twitch of conscience, touch of conscience, voice of conscience; compunctious visitings of nature[obs3].
	acknowledgment, confession &c. (disclosure) 529; apology &c. 952; recantation &c. 607; penance &c. 952; resipiscence[obs2].
	awakened conscience, deathbed repentance, locus paenitentiae[Lat], stool of repentance, cuttystool[obs3].
	penitent, repentant, Magdalen, prodigal son, "a sadder and a wiser man" [Coleridge].
	V. repent, be sorry for; be penitent &c. adj.; rue; regret &c. 833; think better of; recant &c. 607; knock under &c. (submit) 725; plead guilty; sing miserere[Lat], sing de profundis[Lat]; cry peccavi; own oneself in the wrong; acknowledge, confess &c, (disclose) 529; humble oneself; beg pardon &c. (apologize) 952; turn over a new leaf, put on the new man, turn from sin; reclaim; repent in sackcloth and ashes &c, (do penance) 952; learn by experience.
	Adj. penitent; repenting &c.v.; repentant, contrite; conscience-smitten, conscience-stricken; self-accusing, self-convicted.
	penitential, penitentiary; reclaimed, reborn; not hardened; unhardened[obs3].
	Adv. mea culpa.
	Phr. peccavi; erubuit[Lat]; salva res est [Lat][Terence]; Tu l'as voulu[Fr], Georges Dandin; "and wet his grave with my repentant tears" [Richard III].

	#951. Impenitence. -- N. impenitence, irrepentance[obs3], recusance[obs3]; lack of contrition.
	hardness of heart, seared conscience, induration, obduracy.
	V. be impenitent &c. adj.; steel the heart, harden the heart; die game, die and make no sign, die unshriven, die without benefit of clergy.
	Adj. impenitent, uncontrite, obdurate; hard, hardened; seared, recusant; unrepentant; relentless, remorseless, graceless, shriftless[obs3].
	lost, incorrigible, irreclaimable.
	unreconstructed, unregenerate, unreformed; unrepented[obs3], unreclaimed[obs3], unatoned.

	#952. Atonement. -- N. atonement, reparation; compromise, composition; compensation &c. 30; quittance, quits; expiation, redemption, reclamation, conciliation, propitiation; indemnification, redress.
	amends, apology, amende honorable[obs3], satisfaction; peace offering, sin offering, burnt offering; scapegoat, sacrifice.
	penance, fasting, maceration, sackcloth and ashes, white sheet, shrift, flagellation, lustration[obs3]; purgation, purgatory.
	V. atone, atone for; expiate; propitiate; make amends, make good; reclaim, redeem, repair, ransom, absolve, purge, shrive, do penance, stand in a white sheet, repent in sackcloth and ashes, wear a hairshirt.
	set one's house in order, wipe off old scores, make matters up; pay the forfeit, pay the penalty.
	apologize, beg pardon, fair l'amende honorable[Fr], give satisfaction; come down on one's knees, fall down on one's knees, down on one's marrow bones.

M9.3.4  Moral Practise   (R953 to R961)
<--   	(generally, human moral behavior from an individual
                   perspective)
			953. Temperance				954. Intemperance
Note:    954a. Sensualist   to person   P2.3.2.3.2.5.24   Sensualist
     part of 955 to   P2.3.2.3.2.5.25   Ascetic [[ref R955]]  -- N.
			955.	Asceticism				957.	Gluttony
			956.	Fasting			
			958.	Sobriety					959.	Drunkenness
			960.	Purity					961.	Impurity
Note: 962.  Libertine to person  P2.3.2.3.2.5.23 
-->
	#953. Temperance. -- N. temperance, moderation, sobriety, soberness.
	forbearance, abnegation; self-denial, self-restraint, self-control &c. (resolution) 604.
	frugality; vegetarianism, teetotalism, total abstinence; abstinence, abstemiousness; Encratism[obs3], prohibition; system of Pythagoras, system of Cornaro; Pythagorism, Stoicism.
	vegetarian; Pythagorean, gymnosophist[obs3].
	teetotaler &c. 958; abstainer; designated driver; Encratite[obs3], fruitarian[obs3], hydropot[obs2].
	V. be temperate &c. adj.; abstain, forbear, refrain, deny oneself, spare ,swear off.
	know when one has had enough, know one's limit.
	take the pledge, go on the wagon.
	Adj. temperate, moderate, sober, frugal, sparing; abstemious, abstinent; within compass; measured &c. (sufficient) 639.
	on the wagon, on the water wagon.
	[re locations where alcoholic beverages are prohibited] dry.
Pythagorean; vegetarian; teetotal.
	Phr. appetitus rationi obediant [Lat][Cicero]; l'abstenir pour jouir c'est l'epicurisme de la raison [Fr][Rousseau]; trahit sua quemque voluptas [Lat][Vergil].

	#954. Intemperance. -- N. intemperance; sensuality, animalism, carnality; tragalism[obs3]; pleasure; effeminacy, silkiness; luxury, luxuriousness; lap of pleasure, lap of luxury; free living.
	indulgence; high living, wild living, inabstinence[obs3], self-indulgence; voluptuousness &c. adj.; epicurism, epicureanism; sybaritism; drug habit.
	dissipation; licentiousness &c. adj.; debauchery; crapulence[obs3].
	revels, revelry; debauch, carousal, jollification, drinking bout, wassail, saturnalia, orgies; excess, too much.
	Circean cup.
	[drugs of abuse: list] bhang, hashish, marijuana, pot [coll.], hemp [coll.], grass [coll.]; opium, cocaine, morphine, heroin; LSD[abbr], lysergic acid diethylamide[Chem][Chem]; phencyclidine, angel dust, PCP; barbiturates; amphetamines, speed [coll.].
	{{trait_of: sensualist, R954a}}.
	{{similar_to: R961, impurity}}.
	V. be intemperate &c. adj.; indulge, exceed; live well, live high, live high on the fat of the land, live it up, live high on the hog; give a loose to indulgence &c. n.; wallow in voluptuousness &c. n.; plunge into dissipation.
	revel; rake, live hard, run riot, sow one's wild oats; slake one's appetite, slake one's thirst; swill; pamper.
	Adj. intemperate,inabstinent[obs3]; sensual, self-indulgent; voluptuous, luxurious, licentious, wild, dissolute, rakish, fast, debauched.
	brutish, crapulous[obs3], swinish, piggish.
	Paphian, Epicurean, Sybaritical; bred in the lap of luxury, nursed in the lap of luxury; indulged, pampered; full-fed, high-fed.
	Phr. "being full of supper and distempering draughts" [Othello].

<-- r954a sensualist 
and part of 955 ascetic to person P2.3.2.3.2.5.25   -- N.  -->

	#955. Asceticism. -- N. asceticism, puritanism, sabbatarianism[obs3]; cynicism[obs2], austerity; total abstinence; nephalism[obs3]. 
	mortification, maceration, sackcloth and ashes, flagellation; penance &c. 952; fasting &c. 956; martyrdom.
	Adj. ascetic, austere, puritanical; cynical; over-religious; acerbic.

	#956. Fasting. -- N. fasting; xerophagy[obs3]; famishment, starvation.
	fast, jour maigre[Fr]; fast day, banyan day; Lent, quadragesima[obs3]; Ramadan, Ramazan; spare diet, meager diet; lenten diet, lenten entertainment; soupe maigre[Fr], short commons, Barmecide feast[obs3]; short rations.
	V. fast, starve, clem[obs1], famish, perish with hunger; dine with Duke Humphrey[obs3]; make two bites of a cherry.
	Adj. lenten, quadragesimal[obs3]; unfed[obs3]; starved &c.v.; half-starved; fasting &c. v.; hungry &c. 865.

	#957.  Gluttony. -- N. {{high_intensity_of: desire, R865}} gluttony; greed, avarice; greediness &c. adj.; voracity.
	epicurism; good living, high living; edacity[obs3], gulosity[obs3], crapulence[obs3]; guttling[obs3], guzzling; pantophagy[obs3].
	good cheer, blow out; feast &c. (food) 298; gastronomy, batterie de cuisine[Fr].
	epicure, bon vivant, gourmand; glutton, cormorant, hog, belly god, Apicius[obs3], gastronome; gourmet &c. 954a, 868.
	v. gormandize, gorge; overgorge[obs3], overeat oneself; engorge, eat one's fill, cram, stuff; guttle[obs3], guzzle; bolt, devour, gobble up; gulp &c. (swallow food) 298; raven, eat out of house and home.
	have the stomach of an ostrich; play a good knife and fork &c. (appetite) 865.
	pamper.
	Adj. gluttonous, greedy; gormandizing &c.v.; edacious[obs3], omnivorous, crapulent[obs3], swinish.
	avaricious &c. 819;  selfish &c. 918. 
	pampered; overfed, overgorged[obs3].
	Phr. jejunus raro stomachus vulgaria temnit [Lat][Horace].

	#958. Sobriety. -- N. sobriety; teetotalism.
	temperance &c. 953.
	water-drinker; hydropot[obs2]; prohibitionist; teetotaler, teetotalist; abstainer, Good Templar, band of hope.
	V. take the pledge.
	Adj. sober, sober as a judge.

	#959. Drunkenness. -- N. drunkenness &c. adj..
	inebriety[obs3], inebriation; ebriety[obs3], ebriosity[obs3]; insobriety; intoxication.
	{{caused_by}} {[with_object(alcoholic beverage, @P2.3.1.3.2.10)]} drinking.
	{{has_subtype(drinking)}} intemperance;  &c. v.; imbibing, temulency[obs3], bibacity[obs3], wine bibbing; comtation[obs3], potation; deep potations, bacchanals, bacchanalia, libations; bender* [U.S.]
	{{has_high_intensity}} oinomania[obs3], dipsomania; delirium tremens; alcoholism; mania a potu[Fr].
	
	drunkard, sot, toper, tippler, bibber[obs3], wine-bibber, lush; hard drinker, gin drinker, dram drinker; soaker*, sponge, tun; love pot, toss pot; thirsty soul, reveler, carouser, Bacchanal, Bacchanalian; Bacchal[obs3], Bacchante[obs3]; devotee to Bacchus[obs3]; bum* [U.S.], guzzler, tavern haunter.
	V. get drunk, be drunk &c. adj.; see double; take a drop too much, take a glass too much; drink; tipple, tope, booze, bouse[Fr], guzzle, swill*, soak*, sot, bum* [U.S.], besot, have a jag on, have a buzz on, lush*, bib, swig, carouse; sacrifice at the shrine of Bacchus[obs3]; take to drinking; drink hard, drink deep, drink like a fish; have one's swill*, drain the cup, splice the main brace, take a hair of the dog that bit you.
	liquor, liquor up; wet one's whistle, take a whet; crack a bottle, pass the bottle; toss off &c. (drink up) 2198; go to the alehouse, go to the public house.
	make one drunk &c. adj.; inebriate, fuddle, befuddle, fuzzle[obs3], get into one's head.
	Adj. drunk, tipsy; intoxicated; inebrious[obs3], inebriate, inebriated; in one's cups; in a state of intoxication &c.n.; temulent[obs3], temulentive[obs3]; bombed, smashed; fuddled, mellow, cut, boozy, fou[obs3], fresh, merry, elevated;  flustered, disguised, groggy, beery; top-heavy; potvaliant[obs3], glorious; potulent[obs1]; squiffy*[obs3]; overcome, overtaken; whittled, screwed*, tight, primed, corned, raddled[obs3], sewed up*, lushy*[obs3], nappy[obs3], muddled, muzzy[obs3], obfuscated, maudlin; crapulous[obs3], dead drunk.
	[slightly drunk]  woozy[1], buzzed, flush, flushed.
	inter pocula[obs3]; in liquor, the worse for liquor; having had a drop too much, half seas over, three sheets in the wind, three sheets to the wind; under the table.
	drunk as a lord, drunk as a skunk, drunk as a piper, drunk as a fiddler, drunk as Chloe, drunk as an owl, drunk as David's sow, drunk as a wheelbarrow.
	drunken, bibacious[obs3], sottish; given to drink, addicted to drink, addicted to the bottle; toping &c.v.
	Phr. nunc est bibendum[Lat]; "Bacchus ever fair and young" [Dryden]; "drink down all unkindness" [Merry Wives]; "O that men should put an enemy in their mouths to steal away their brains" [Othello].

	#960. Purity. -- N. purity; decency, decorum, delicacy; continence, chastity, honesty, virtue, modesty, shame; pudicity[obs3], pucelage[obs3], virginity.
	vestal, virgin, Joseph, Hippolytus; Lucretia, Diana; prude.
	Adj. pure, undefiled, modest, delicate, decent, decorous; virginibus puerisque[Lat]; simon-pure; chaste, continent, virtuous, honest, Platonic.
	virgin, unsullied; cherry [coll.].
	Phr. "as chaste as unsunn'd snow" [Cymbeline]; "a soul as white as heaven" [Beaumonth & Fl.]; "'tis Chastity, my brother, Chastity" [Milton]; "to the pure all things are pure" [Shelley].

	#961. Impurity.-- N.  impurity; uncleanness &c. (filth) 653; immodesty; grossness &c. adj.; indelicacy, indecency; impudicity[obs3]; obscenity, ribaldry, Fescennine, smut, bawdry[obs3], double entente, equivoque[Fr].
	{[in_frame(sexuality,R374a,@P2.3.2.3.1.4): concupiscence, lust, pruriency, lechery, lewdness, lasciviousness]}.
	incontinence, intrigue, faux pas[Fr]; amour, amourette[obs3]; gallantry; debauchery, libertinish[obs3], libertinage[obs3], fornication; liaison; wenching, venery, dissipation.
	seduction; defloration, defilement, abuse, violation, rape; incest.
	prostitution, social evil, harlotry, stupration[obs3], whoredom, concubinage, cuckoldom[obs3], adultery, advoutry[obs3], crim[abbr]. con.; free love.
	seraglio, harem; brothel, bagnio[obs3], stew, bawdyhouse[obs3], cat house, lupanar[obs3], house of ill fame, bordel[obs3], bordello.
	{{trait_of: libertines, R962}}.
	{{similar_to: intemperance, R954}}.
	V. be impure &c. adj.; intrigue; debauch, defile, seduce; prostitute; abuse, violate, deflower; commit adultery &c.n.
	Adj. impure; unclean &c. (dirty) 653; not to be mentioned to ears polite; immodest, shameless; indecorous, indelicate, indecent; Fescennine; loose, risque [French], coarse, gross, broad, free, equivocal, smutty, fulsome, ribald, obscene, bawdy, pornographic.
	concupiscent, prurient, lickerish[obs3], rampant, lustful; carnal, carnal-minded; lewd, lascivious, lecherous, libidinous, erotic, ruttish, salacious; Paphian; voluptuous; goatish, must, musty.
	unchaste, light, wanton, licentious, debauched, dissolute; of loose character, of easy virtue; frail, gay, riggish[obs3], incontinent, meretricious, rakish, gallant, dissipated; no better than she should be; on the town, on the streets, on the pave, on the loose.
	adulterous, incestuous, bestial.

M9.4  Legal Institutions  R963 to R975
<--   		(government, law)
			963.	Legality					964.	Illegality
			965.	Jurisprudence
			966.	Tribunal
Note:   967.  Judge to P2.3.2.3.2.5.27
 and   968.  Lawyer   to person   P2.3.2.3.2.5.26 

			969.	Lawsuit
			970.	Acquittal					971.	Condemnation
			973.	Reward					972.	Punishment
										974.	Penalty
										975.	Scourge
-->
	#963. Legality. -- N. legality; legitimacy, legitimateness.
	legislature; law, code, corpus juris[Lat], constitution, pandect[obs3], charter, enactment, statute, rule; canon &c. (precept) 697; ordinance, institution, regulation; bylaw, byelaw; decree &c. (order) 741; ordonnance[obs3]; standing order; plebiscite &c. (choice) 609.
	legal process; form, formula, formality; rite, arm of the law; habeas corpus; fieri facias[Lat].
	[Science of law] jurisprudence, nomology[obs3]; legislation, codification.
	equity, common law; lex[Lat], lex nonscripta[Lat][obs3]; law of nations, droit des gens[Fr], international law, jus gentium[Lat]; jus civile[Lat]; civil law, canon law, crown law, criminal law, statute law, ecclesiastical law, administrative law; lex mercatoria[Lat].
	constitutionalism, constitutionality; justice &c. 922.
	[ref:  institution to decide questions of law = court, tribunal &c. 966].
	[ref:  person who presides at a court or tribunal = judge &c. 967].
	[ref: specialist in questions of law = lawyer, attorney, legal counsel &c. 968].
	V. legalize; enact, ordain; decree &c. (order) 741; pass a law, enact a regulation; legislate; codify, formulate; regulate.
	Adj. legal, legitimate; according to law; vested, constitutional, chartered, legalized; lawful &c. (permitted) 760; statutable[obs3], statutory; legislatorial, legislative; regulatory, regulated.
	Adv. legally &c. adj.; in the eye of the law; de jure[Lat].
	Phr. ignorantia legis neminem excusat[Latin: ignorance of the law is no excuse]; "where law ends tyranny begins" [Earl of Chatham].

	#964. [Absence or violation of law.] Illegality. -- N. lawlessness; illicitness; breach of law, violation of law, infraction of the law; disobedience &c. 742; unconformity &c. 83.
	arbitrariness &c. adj.; antinomy, violence, brute force, despotism, outlawry.
	mob law, lynch law, club law, Lydford law, martial law, drumhead law; coup d'etat[Fr]; le droit du plus fort[Fr]; argumentum baculinum[obs3][Lat].
	illegality, informality, unlawfulness, illegitimacy, bar sinister.
	trover and conversion[Law]; smuggling, poaching; simony.
	[person who violates the law] outlaw, bad man &c. 949.
	v. offend against the law; violate the law, infringe the law, break the law; set the law at defiance, ride roughshod over, drive a coach and six through a statute; ignore the law, make the law a dead letter, take the law into one's own hands.
	smuggle, run, poach.
	Adj.  illegal[contrary to law], unlawful, illegitimate; not allowed, prohibited &c. 761; illicit, contraband; actionable.
	unwarranted, unwarrantable; unauthorized; informal, unofficial; injudicial[obs3], extrajudicial.
	lawless, arbitrary; despotic, despotical[obs3]; corrupt, summary, irresponsible; unanswerable, unaccountable.
	[of invalid or expired law] expired, invalid; unchartered, unconstitutional; null and void; a dead letter.
	[in absence of law] lawless, unregulated
	Adv. illegally &c. adj.; with a high hand, in violation of law.

	#965. Jurisdiction. [Executive.] -- N. jurisdiction, judicature, administration of justice, soc; executive, commission of the peace; magistracy &c. (authority) 737.
	judge &c. 967; tribunal &c. 966; municipality, corporation, bailiwick, shrievalty[Brit]; lord lieutenant, sheriff, shire reeve, shrieve[obs3], constable; selectman; police, police force, the fuzz [sarcastic]; constabulary, bumbledom[obs3], gendarmerie[Fr].
	officer, bailiff, tipstaff, bum-bailiff, catchpoll, beadle; policeman, cop [coll.], police constable, police sergeant; sbirro[obs3], alguazil[obs3], gendarme, kavass[obs3], lictor[obs3], mace bearer, huissier[Fr], bedel[obs3]; tithingman[obs3].
	press gang; exciseman[obs3], gauger, gager[obs3], customhouse officer, douanier[Fr].
	coroner, edile[obs3], aedile[obs3], portreeve[obs3], paritor[obs1]; posse comitatus[Lat].
	bureau, cutcherry[obs3], department, secretariat.
	[extension of jurisdiction] long arm of the law, extradition.
	V. judge, sit in judgment; extradite.
	Adj. 
executive, administrative, municipal; inquisitorial, causidical[obs3]; judicatory[obs3], judiciary, judicial; juridical.
	Adv. coram judice[Lat].

	#966. Tribunal. -- N. tribunal, court, board, bench, judicatory[obs3]; court of justice, court of law, court of arbitration, administrative court; inquisition; guild.
	justice seat; judgment seat, mercy seat; woolsack[obs3]; bar of justice; dock; forum, hustings, bureau, drumhead; jury box, witness box.
	senate house, town hall, theater; House of Commons, House of Lords; statehouse [U.S.], townhouse.
	assize, eyre; wardmote[obs3], burghmote[obs3]; barmote[obs3]; superior courts of Westminster; court of record, court oyer and terminer[Law], court assize, court of appeal, court of error; High court of Judicature, High court of Appeal; Judicial Committee of the Privy Council; Star Chamber; Court of Chancery, Court of King's or Queen's Bench, Court of Exchequer, Court of Common Pleas, Court of Probate, Court of Arches, Court of Admiralty; Lords Justices' court, Rolls court, Vice Chancellor's court, Stannary court[obs3], Divorce court, Family court, Palatine court, county court, district court, police court; sessions; quarter sessions, petty sessions; court-leet[Fr], court-baron, court of pie poudre[Fr], court of common council; board of green cloth.
	court martial; drumhead court martial; durbar[obs3], divan; Areopagus[obs3]; Irota.
	Adj. judicial &c. 965; appellate.
	Phr. die Weltgeschichte ist das Weltgericht[Ger].

<--  R967 Judge to person  P2.3.2.3.2.5.27   -->

<--  lawyer 968 to person   P2.3.2.3.2.5.26   -->

	#969. Lawsuit. -- N. lawsuit, suit, action, cause; litigation; suit in law; class action; dispute &c. 713.
	citation, arraignment, prosecution, impeachment; accusation &c. 938; presentment, true bill, indictment.
	apprehension, arrest; committal; imprisonment &c. (restraint) 751.
	writ, summons, subpoena, latitat[obs3], nisi prius[Lat]; venire, venire facias
	pleadings[Lat]; declaration, bill, claim; proces verbal[Fr]; bill of right, information, corpus delicti;  affidavit, state of facts; answer, reply, replication, plea, demurrer, rebutter, rejoinder; surrebutter[obs3], surrejoinder[obs3].
	{{performed_by}} suitor, party to a suit; plaintiff, defendant, litigant &c. 938.
	hearing, trial; verdict &c. (judgment) 480; appeal, appeal motion; writ of error; certiorari[Lat].
	case; decision, precedent; decided case, reports (legal reference works, see reference books).
	v. go to law, appeal to the law; bring to justice, bring to trial, bring to the bar; put on trial, pull up; accuse &c. 938; prefer a claim, file a claim &c.n.; take the law of, inform against.
	serve with a writ, cite, apprehend, arraign, sue, prosecute, bring an action against, indict, impeach, attach, distrain, commit; arrest; summon, summons; give in charge &c. (restrain) 751.
	empanel a jury, implead[obs3], join issue; close the pleadings; set down for hearing.
	try, hear a cause; sit in judgment; adjudicate &c. 480.
Adj. litigious &c. (quarrelsome) 713; qui tam; coram judice[Lat], sub judice[Lat].
Adv. pendente lite[Lat].
	Phr. adhuc sub judice lis est[Lat]; accedas ad curiam[Lat]; transeat in exemplum[Lat].

	#970. Acquittal. -- N. acquittal, acquitment[obs3]; clearance, exculpation; acquittance, clearance, exoneration; discharge &c. (release) 750; quietus, absolution, compurgation[obs3], reprieve, respite; pardon &c. (forgiveness) 918.
	[Exemption from punishment] immunity; diplomatic immunity; immunity; plea bargain, deal with the prosecutor.
	[in civil suits] no cause for action; no damages.
	V. acquit, exculpate, exonerate, clear; absolve, whitewash, assoil[obs3];  discharge, release; liberate &c. 750.
	reprieve, respite; pardon &c. (forgive) 918; let off, let off scot-free.
	drop the charges.
	plea bargain, strike a deal.
	[in civil suits][transitive]  no-cause;  get no-caused[intransitive].
	Adj. acquitted &c. v.; uncondemned, unpunished, unchastised.
	not guilty; not proven.
	not liable.
	Phr. nemo bis punitur pro codem delicto[Lat][obs3].

	#971. Condemnation. -- N. condemnation, conviction, judgment, penalty, sentence; proscription, damnation; death warrant.
	attainder, attainture[obs3], attaintment[obs3].
	V. condemn, convict, cast, bring home to, find guilty, damn, doom, sign the death warrant, sentence, pass sentence on, attaint, confiscate, proscribe, sequestrate; nonsuit[obs3].
	disapprove &c. 932; accuse &c. 938.
	stand condemned.
	Adj. condemnatory, damnatory[obs3]; guilty, condemned &c.v.; nonsuited &c. (failure) 732[obs3]; self-convicted.
	Phr. mutato nomine de te fabula narratur[Lat]; "unrespited, unpitied, unreprieved" [P.L.].

	#972. Punishment. -- N. punishment,punition[obs3]; chastisement, chastening; correction, castigation.
	discipline, infliction, trial; judgment; penalty &c. 974; retribution; thunderbolt, Nemesis; requital &c. (reward) 973; penology; retributive justice.
	lash, scaffold &c. (instrument of punishment) 975; imprisonment &c. (restraint) 751; transportation, banishment, expulsion, exile, involuntary exile, ostracism; penal servitude, hard labor; galleys &c. 975; beating &c.v.; flagellation, fustigation[obs3], gantlet, strappado[obs3], estrapade[obs3], bastinado, argumentum baculinum[Lat][obs3], stick law, rap on the knuckles, box on the ear; blow &c. (impulse) 276; stripe, cuff, kick, buffet, pummel; slap, slap in the face; wipe, douse; coup de grace; torture, rack; picket, picketing; dragonnade[obs3].
	capital punishment; execution; lethal injection; the gas chamber; hanging &c.v.; electrocution, rail-riding, scarpines[obs3]; decapitation, decollation[obs3]; garrotte, garrotto[It]; crucifixion, impalement; firing squad; martyrdom; auto-da-fe[Fr]; noyade[obs3];  happy dispatch.
	[suicide as punishment]  hara-kiri, seppuku [Japanese]; drinking the hemlock.
	V. punish; chastise, chasten; castigate, correct, inflict punishment, administer correction, deal retributive justice; cowhide, lambaste*.
	visit upon, pay; pay out, serve out; do for; make short work of, give a lesson to, serve one right, make an example of; have a rod in pickle for; give it one.
	strike &c. 276; deal a blow to, administer the lash, smite; slap, slap the face; smack, cuff, box the ears, spank, thwack, thump, beat, lay on, swinge[obs3], buffet; thresh, thrash, pummel, drub, leather, trounce, sandbag, baste, belabor; lace, lace one's jacket; dress, dress down, give a dressing, trim, warm, wipe, tund[obs3], cob, bang, strap, comb, lash, lick, larrup, wallop, whop, flog, scourge, whip, birch, cane, give the stick, switch, flagellate, horsewhip, bastinado, towel, rub down with an oaken towel, rib roast, dust one's jacket, fustigate[obs3], pitch into, lay about one, beat black and blue; beat to a mummy, beat to a jelly; give a black eye.
	tar and feather; pelt, stone, lapidate[obs3]; masthead, keelhaul.
	execute; bring to the block, bring to the gallows; behead, decapitate, guillotine; decollate;  hang, turn off, gibbet, bowstring, hang draw and quarter; shoot; decimate; burn; break on the wheel, crucify; empale[obs3], impale; flay; lynch; electrocute; gas, send to the gas chamber.
	torture; put on, put to the rack; picket.
	banish, exile, transport, expel, ostracize; rusticate; drum out; dismiss, disbar, disbench[obs3]; strike off the roll, unfrock; post.
	suffer, suffer for, suffer punishment; be flogged.
	be executed, suffer the ultimate penalty; be hanged &c., come to the gallows, mount the gallows, swing [coll.], twist in the wind, dance upon nothing, die in one's shoes; be rightly served; be electrocuted, fry [coll.], ride the lightning [coll.]; face the firing squad.
	Adj. punishing &c. v.; penal; punitory[obs3], punitive; inflictive, castigatory; punished &c.v.
	Int. a la lanterne![Fr].
	Phr. culpan paena premit comes [Lat][Horace]; "eating the bitter bread of banishment" [Richard II]; gravis ira regum est semper [Lat][Seneca]; sera tamen tacitis paena venit pedibus [Lat][Tibullus]; suo sibi gladio hunc jugulo [Lat][Terence].

	#973. Reward. -- N. reward, recompense, remuneration, meed, guerdon[obs3], reguerdon[obs1]; price.
	[payment for damage or debt] indemnity, indemnification; quittance; compensation; reparation, redress, satisfaction; reckoning, acknowledgment, requital, amends, sop; atonement, retribution; consideration, return, quid pro quo.
	salvage, perquisite; vail &c. (donation) 784[obs3].
	douceur[Fr], bribe; hush money, smart money[obs2]; blackmail, extortion; carcelage[obs1]; solatium[obs3].
	allowance, salary, stipend, wages, compensation; pay, payment; emolument; tribute; batta[obs3], shot, scot; bonus, premium, tip;  fee, honorarium; hire; dasturi[obs3], dustoori[obs3]; mileage.
	crown &c. (decoration of honor) 877.
	V. reward, recompense, repay, requite; remunerate, munerate[obs3]; compensate; fee; pay one's footing &c. (pay) 807; make amends, indemnify, atone; satisfy, acknowledge.
	get for one's pains, reap the fruits of.
	tip.
	Adj. remunerative, remuneratory; munerary[obs3], compensatory, retributive, reparatory[obs3]; rewarding; satisfactory.
	Phr. fideli certa merces[Lat]; honor virtutis praemium [Lat][Cicero]; tibi seris tibi metis[Lat].

	#974. Penalty. -- N. penalty; retribution &c. (punishment) 972; pain, pains and penalties; weregild[obs3], wergild; peine forte et dure[Fr]; penance &c. (atonement) 952; the devil to pay.
	fine, mulct, amercement; forfeit, forfeiture; escheat[Law], damages, deodand[obs3], sequestration, confiscation, premunire[Lat]; doomage [obs3][U.S.].
	V. fine, mulct, amerce, sconce, confiscate; sequestrate, sequester; escheat[Law]; estreat[obs3], forfeit.

	#975. [Instrument of punishment.] Scourge. -- N. scourge, rod, cane, stick; ratan[obs3], rattan; birch, birch rod; azote[obs3], blacksnake[obs3], bullwhack [obs3][U.S.], chicote[obs3], kurbash[obs3], quirt, rawhide, sjambok[obs3]; rod in pickle; switch, ferule, cudgel, truncheon.
	whip, bullwhip, lash, strap, thong, cowhide, knout; cat, cat o'nine tails; rope's end.
	pillory, stocks, whipping post; cucking stool[obs3], ducking stool; brank[obs3]; trebuchet[obs3], trebuket[obs3].
	[instruments of torture: list] triangle, wooden horse, iron maiden, thumbscrew, boot, rack, wheel, iron heel; chinese water torture.
	treadmill, crank, galleys.
	scaffold; block, ax, guillotine; stake; cross; gallows, gibbet, tree, drop, noose, rope, halter, bowstring; death chair, electric chair; gas chamber; lethal injection; firing squad; mecate[obs3].
	house of correction &c. (prison) 752.
	goaler, jailer; executioner; electrocutioner[obs3]; lyncher; hangman; headsman[obs3]; Jack Ketch.

M9.5  Voluntary Institutions
M9.5.1  Institutions generally
	<-- association, group, -->

M9.5.2  Educational Institutions  R542  
	#542. School. -- N. school, academy, university, alma mater, college, seminary, Lyceum; institute, institution; palaestra, Gymnasium, class, seminar.
	day school, boarding school, preparatory school, primary school, infant school, dame's school, grammar school, middle class school, Board school, denominational school, National school, British and Foreign school, collegiate school, art school, continuation school, convent school, County Council school, government school, grant-in-aid school, high school, higher grade school, military school, missionary school, naval school, naval academy, state-aided school, technical school, voluntary school, school; school of art; kindergarten, nursery, creche, reformatory.
	pulpit, lectern, soap box desk, reading desk, ambo[obs3], lecture room, theater, auditorium, amphitheater, forum, state, rostrum, platform, hustings, tribune.
	school book, horn book, text book; grammar, primer, abecedary[obs3], rudiments, manual, vade mecum; encyclopedia, cyclopedia; Lindley Murray, Cocker; dictionary, lexicon.
	professorship, lectureship, readership, fellowship, tutorship; chair.
	School Board Council of Education; Board of Education; Board of Studies, Prefect of Studies; Textbook Committee; propaganda.
	Adj. scholastic, academic, collegiate; educational.
	Adv. ex cathedra[Lat].

M9.6  Religious Interactions  (R967 to R1000)
M9.6.1  Superhuman Beings and Religions   (R976 to R982)
<--   		976.	Deity
			977.	Angel					978.	Satan
			979.	Jupiter					980.	Demon
			981.	Heaven					982.	Hell
-->
	#976. Deity. -- N.  Deity, Divinity; Godhead, Godship[obs3]; Omnipotence, Providence; Heaven [metonymically].
	[Quality of being divine] divineness[obs3], divinity.
	God, Lord, Jehovah, Jahweh, Allah[obs3]; The Almighty, The Supreme Being, The First Cause, the Prime Mover; Ens Entium[Lat]; Author of all things, Creator of all things; Author of our being; Cosmoplast[obs3]; El; The Infinite, The Eternal; The All-powerful, The All-wise, The All-merciful, The All-holy.
	[Attributes and perfections] infinite power, infinite wisdom, infinite goodness, infinite justice, infinite truth, infinite mercy; omnipotence, omniscience, omnipresence; unity, immutability, holiness, glory, majesty, sovereignty, infinity, eternity.
	The Trinity, The Holy Trinity, The Trinity in Unity, The Triune God, God the Father Son and Holy Ghost .
	God the Father; The Maker, The Creator, The Preserver.
	[Functions] creation, preservation, divine government; Theocracy, Thearchy[obs3]; providence; ways of Providence, dealings of Providence, dispensations of Providence, visitations of Providence.
	[Christian God: second person] God the Son, Jesus, Christ; The Messiah, The Anointed, The Saviour, the Redeemer, The Mediator, The Intercessor, The Advocate, The Judge; The Son of God, The Son of Man, The Son of David; The Lamb of God, The Word; Logos; Emmanuel; Immanuel; The King of Kings and Lord of Lords, The King of Glory, The Prince of Peace, The Good Shepherd, The Way, The Truth, The Life, The Bread of Life, The Light of the World; The Lord our, The Sun of Righteousness; "The Pilot of the Galilean lake" [Milton].
	The Incarnation, The Hypostatic Union.
	[Functions] salvation, redemption, atonement, propitiation, mediation, intercession, judgment.
	[Christian God: third person] God the Holy Ghost, The Holy Spirit, Paraclete[Theol]; The Comforter, The Spirit of Truth, The Dove.
	[Functions] inspiration, unction, regeneration, sanctification, consolation.
	eon, aeon, special providence, deus ex machina[Lat]; avatar.
	V. create, move, uphold, preserve, govern &c.
	atone, redeem, save, propitiate, mediate &c.
	predestinate, elect, call, ordain, bless, justify, sanctify, glorify &c.
	Adj. almighty, holy, hallowed, sacred, divine, heavenly, celestial; sacrosanct; all-knowing, all-seeing, all-wise; omniscient.
	superhuman, supernatural; ghostly, spiritual, hyperphysical[obs3], unearthly; theistic, theocratic; anointed; soterial[obs3].
	Adj. jure divino[Lat], by divine right.
	Phr. Domine dirige nos[Lat]; en Dieu est ma fiance[Fr]; et sceleratis sol oritur [Lat][Seneca]; "He mounts the storm and walks upon the wind" [Pope]; "Thou great First Cause, least understood" [Pope]; sans Dieu rien[Fr].

	#977. [Beneficent spirits] Angel. -- N. angel, archangel; guardian angel; heavenly host, host of heaven, sons of God; seraph, seraphim; cherub, cherubim.
	ministering spirit, morning star.
	saint, patron saint, Madonna; invisible helpers.
	Adj. angelic, seraphic, cherubic; saintly.

	#978. [Maleficent spirits.] Satan. -- N. Satan, the Devil, Lucifer, Mephistopheles, Ahriman[obs3], Belial; Samael, Zamiel, Beelzebub, the Prince of the Devils. 
	the tempter[1]; the evil one, the evil spirit; the Adversary; the archenemy; the author of evil, the wicked one, the old Serpent; the Prince of darkness, the Prince of this world, the Prince of the power of the air; the foul fiend, the arch fiend; the devil incarnate; the  common enemy, the angel of the bottomless pit; Abaddon[obs3], Apollyon[obs3].
	fallen angels, unclean spirits, devils; the rulers, the powers of darkness; inhabitants of Pandemonium; demon &c. 980.
	diabolism; devilism[obs3], devilship[obs3]; diabolology[obs3]; satanism, devil worship;  manicheism; the cloven foot.
	Adj. satanic, diabolic, devilish; infernal, hellborn[obs3].

<--  p[1-The slang expressions "the deuce, dickens, old Gentleman; old Nick, old Scratch, old Horny, old Harry, old Gooseberry," have not been inserted in the text.].  340  -->
<--%
Mythological and other fabulous Deities and Powers
%-->
<-- break this into serious deities and fairies -->
	#979. Jupiter. -- N. god, goddess; heathen gods and goddesses; deva[obs3]; Jupiter, Jove &c.; pantheon.
	Allah[obs3], Bathala[obs3], Brahm[obs3], Brahma[obs3], Brahma[obs3], cloud-compeller, Devi, Durga, Kali, oread[obs3], the Great Spirit, Ushas; water nymph, wood nymph; Yama, Varuna, Zeus;   Vishnu[Hindu deities], Siva, Shiva, Krishna, Juggernath[obs3], Buddha;  Isis[Egyptian deities], Osiris, Ra; Belus, Bel, Baal[obs3], Asteroth &c.[obs3];  Thor[Norse deities], Odin; Mumbo Jumbo; good genius, tutelary genius; demiurge, familiar; sibyl; fairy, fay; sylph,, sylphid; Ariel[obs3], peri, nymph, nereid, dryad, seamaid, banshee, benshie[obs3], Ormuzd; Oberon, Mab, hamadryad[obs3], naiad, mermaid, kelpie[obs3], Ondine, nixie, sprite; denizens of the air; pixy &c. (bad spirit) 980.
	mythology; heathen-mythology, fairy-mythology; Lempriere, folklore.
	Adj. god-like, fairy-like; sylph-like; sylphic[obs3].
	Phr. "you moonshine revelers and shades of night" [Merry Wives].

	#980. Demon. -- N. demon, daemon, demonry[obs3], demonology; evil genius, fiend, familiar, daeva[obs3], devil; bad spirit, unclean spirit; cacodemon[obs3], incubus, Eblis, shaitan[obs3], succubus, succuba; Frankenstein's monster; Titan, Shedim, Mephistopheles, Asmodeus[obs3], Moloch, Belial, Ahriman[obs3]; fury, harpy; Friar Rush.
	vampire, ghoul; afreet[obs3], barghest[obs3], Loki; ogre, ogress; gnome, gin, jinn, imp, deev[obs3], lamia[obs3]; bogie, bogeyman, bogle[obs3]; nis[obs3], kobold[obs3], flibbertigibbet, fairy, brownie, pixy, elf, dwarf, urchin; Puck, Robin Goodfellow; leprechaun, Cluricaune[obs3], troll, dwerger[obs3], sprite, ouphe[obs3], bad fairy, nix, nixie, pigwidgeon[obs3], will-o'-the wisp.
	[Supernatural appearance] ghost, revenant, specter, apparition, spirit, shade, shadow, vision; hobglobin, goblin, orc; wraith, spook, boggart[obs3], banshee, loup-garou[Fr], lemures[obs3]; evil eye.
	merman, mermaid, merfolk[obs3]; siren; satyr, faun; manito[obs3], manitou, manitu.
	possession, demonic possession, diabolic possession; insanity &c.503.
	[in jest, in science] Maxwell's demon.
	[person possessed by a demon] demoniac.
	Adj. demonic, demonical, impish, demoniacal; fiendish, fiend-like; supernatural, weird, uncanny, unearthly, spectral; ghostly, ghost-like; elfin, elvin[obs3], elfish, elflike[obs3];  haunted; pokerish [obs3][U.S.].
	possessed, possessed by a devil, possessed by a demon.
	Adv. demonically.

	#981. Heaven. -- N. heaven; kingdom of heaven, kingdom of God; heavenly kingdom; throne of God; presence of God; inheritance of the saints in light.
	Paradise, Eden, Zion, abode of the blessed; celestial bliss, glory.
	[Mythological heaven] Olympus;  Elysium[paradise], Elysian fields, Arcadia[obs3], bowers of bliss, garden of the Hesperides, third heaven; Valhalla, Walhalla (Scandinavian); Nirvana (Buddhist); happy hunting grounds; Alfardaws[obs3], Assama[obs3]; Falak al aflak "the highest heaven" (Mohammedan)[Arabic][Arab].
	future state, eternal home, eternal reward. 
	resurrection, translation; resuscitation &c. 660.
	apotheosis, deification.
	Adj. heavenly, celestial, supernal, unearthly, from on high, paradisiacal, beatific, elysian.
	Phr. "looks through nature up to the nature's god" [Pope]; "the great world;s altarstairs, that slope through darkness up to God" [Tennyson]; "the treasury of everlasting joy" [Henry VI]; vigeur de dessus[Fr].

	#982. Hell. -- N. hell, bottomless pit, place of torment; habitation of fallen angels; Pandemonium, Abaddon[obs3], Domdaniel; jahannan[obs3], sheol[obs3].
	hell fire; everlasting fire, everlasting torment, eternal damnation; lake of fire and brimstone; fire that is never quenched; worm that never dies.
	purgatory, limbo, gehenna, abyss.
	[Mythological hell] Tartarus, Hades, Avernus[Lat], Styx, Stygian creek, pit of Acheron[obs3], Cocytus; infernal regions, inferno, shades below, realms of Pluto.
	Pluto, Rhadamanthus[obs3], Erebus[Lat]; Tophet.
	Adj. hellish, infernal, stygian.
	Phr. dies irae dies illa[Lat]; "the hue of dungeons and the scowl of night" [Love's Labor's Lost].

M9.6.2  Religious Doctrines  (R983 to R986)
<--   		983.	Theology					983b.  materialism,
											atheism
			983a.Orthodoxy					984.	Heterodoxy
			985.	Revelation				986.	Pseudo-revelation
-->
	#983. [Religious Knowledge.] Theology. -- N. theology (natural and revealed); theogony[obs3], theosophy; divinity; hagiology, hagiography; Caucasian mystery; monotheism; religion; religious persuasion, religious sect, religious denomination; creed &c. (belief) 484; article of faith, declaration of faith, profession of faith, confession of faith.
	theologue, theologian; scholastic, divine, schoolman[obs3], canonist, theologist[obs3]; the Fathers.
	Adj. theological, religious; denominational; sectarian &c. 984.
	
	#983a. Orthodoxy. -- N. orthodoxy; strictness, soundness, religious truth, true faith; truth &c. 494; soundness of doctrine.
	Christianity, Christianism[obs3]; Catholicism, Catholicity; "the faith once delivered to the saints"; hyperorthodoxy &c. 984[obs3]; iconoclasm.
	The Church; Catholic Church, Universal Church, Apostolic Church, Established Church; temple of the Holy Ghost; Church of Christ, body of Christ, members of Christ, disciples of Christ, followers of Christ; Christian, Christian community; true believer; canonist &c. (theologian) 983; Christendom, collective body of Christians.
	canons &c. (belief) 484; thirty nine articles; Apostles' Creed, Nicene Creed, Athanasian Creed[obs3]; Church Catechism; textuary[obs3].
	Adj. orthodox, sound, strick[obs3], faithful, catholic, schismless[obs3], Christian, evangelical, scriptural, divine, monotheistic; true &c. 494.
	Phr. of the true faith.
	
	#984. Heterodoxy. [Sectarianism.] -- N. heterodoxy; error &c. 495; false doctrine, heresy, schism; schismaticism[obs3], schismaticalness; recusancy, backsliding, apostasy; atheism &c. (irreligion) 989[obs3].
	bigotry &c. (obstinacy) 606; fanaticism, iconoclasm; hyperorthodoxy[obs3], precisianism[obs3], bibliolatry[obs3], sabbatarianism[obs3], puritanism; anthropomorphism; idolatry &c. 991; superstition &c. (credulity) 486; dissent &c. 489.
	sectarism[obs3], sectarianism; noncomformity[obs3]; secularism; syncretism[obs3], religious sects.
	protestantism, Arianism[obs3], Adventism, Jansenism, Stundism[obs3], Erastianism[obs3], Calvinism, quakerism[obs3], methodism, anabaptism[obs3], Puseyism, tractarianism[obs3], ritualism, Origenism, Sabellianism, Socinianism[obs3], Deism, Theism, materialism, positivism, latitudinarianism &c.
	High Church, Low Church, Broad Church, Free Church; ultramontanism[obs3]; papism, papistry; monkery[obs3]; papacy; Anglicanism, Catholicism, Romanism; popery, Scarlet Lady, Church of Rome, Greek Church.
	paganism, heathenism, ethicism[obs3]; mythology; polytheism, ditheism[obs3], tritheism[obs3]; dualism; heathendom[obs3].
	Judaism, Gentilism[obs3], Islamism, Islam , Mohammedanism, Babism[obs3], Sufiism, Neoplatonism, Turcism[obs3], Brahminism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sabianism, Gnosticism, Hylotheism[obs3], Mormonism; Christian Science.
	heretic, apostate, antichrist[obs3]; pagan, heathen; painim[obs3], paynim[obs3]; giaour[obs3]; gentile; pantheist, polytheist; idolator.
	schismatic; sectary, sectarian, sectarist[obs3]; seceder, separatist, recusant, dissenter; nonconformist, nonjuror[obs3].
	bigot &c. (obstinacy) 606; fanatic, abdal[obs3], iconoclast.
	latitudinarian, Deist, Theist, Unitarian; positivist, materialist; Homoiousian[obs3], Homoousian[obs3], limitarian[obs3], theosophist, ubiquitarian[obs3]; skeptic
&c. 989.
	Protestant; Huguenot; orthodox dissenter, Congregationalist, Independent; Episcopalian, Presbyterian; Lutheran, Calvinist, Methodist, Wesleyan; Ana[obs3], Baptist; Mormon, Latter-day Saint[obs3], Irvingite, Sandemanian, Glassite, Erastian; Sublapsarian, Supralapsarian[obs3]; Gentoo, Antinomian[obs3], Swedenborgian[obs3]; Adventist[obs3], Bible Christian, Bryanite, Brownian, Christian Scientist, Dunker, Ebionite, Eusebian; Faith Curer[obs3], Curist[obs3]; Familist[obs3], Jovinianist, Libadist[obs3], Quaker, Restitutionist[obs3], Shaker, Stundist, Tunker &c.[obs3]; ultramontane; Anglican[obs3], Oxford School; tractarian[obs3], Puseyite, ritualist; Puritan.
	Catholic, Roman, Catholic, Romanist, papist.	Jew, Hebrew, Rabbinist, Rabbist[obs3], Sadducee; Babist[obs3], Motazilite;
	Mohammedan, Mussulman, Moslem, Shiah, Sunni, Wahabi, Osmanli.
	Brahmin[obs3], Brahman[obs3]; Parsee, Sufi, Buddhist; Magi, Gymnosophist[obs3], fire worshiper, Sabian, Gnostic, Rosicrucian &c.
	Adj. heterodox, heretical; unorthodox, unscriptural, uncanonical; antiscriptural[obs3], apocryphal; unchristian, antichristian[obs3]; schismatic, recusant, iconoclastic; sectarian; dissenting, dissident; secular &c, (lay) 997.
	pagan; heathen, heathenish; ethnic, ethnical; gentile, paynim[obs3]; pantheistic, polytheistic.
	Judaical, Mohammedan, Brahminical[obs3], Buddhist &c.n.; Romish, Protestant &c.n.
	bigoted &c. (prejudiced) 481, (obstinate) 606; superstitious &c. (credulous) 486; fanatical; idolatrous &c. 991; visionary &c. (imaginative) 515.
	Phr. "slave to no sect" [Pope]; superstitione tollenda religio non tollitur [Lat][Cicero].

	#985. Judeo-Christian Revelation. -- N. revelation, inspiration, afflatus; theophany[obs3], theopneusty[obs3].
	Word, Word of God; Scripture; the Scriptures, the Bible; Holy Writ, Holy Scriptures; inspired writings, Gospel.
	Old Testament, Septuagint, Vulgate, Pentateuch; Octateuch; the Law, the Jewish Law, the Prophets; major Prophets, minor Prophets; Hagiographa, Hagiology; Hierographa[obs3]; Apocrypha.
	New Testament; Gospels, Evangelists, Acts, Epistles, Apocalypse, Revelations.
	Talmud; Mishna, Masorah.
	prophet &c. (seer) 513; evangelist, apostle, disciple, saint; the Fathers, the Apostolical Fathers[obs3]; Holy Men of old, inspired penmen.
	Adj. scriptural, biblical, sacred, prophetic; evangelical, evangelistic; apostolic, apostolical[obs3]; inspired, theopneustic[obs3], theophneusted[obs3], apocalyptic, ecclesiastical, canonical, textuary[obs3].

<-- unfortunate name for R986.  Use non-Judeo-Christian religion? -->
	#986. Pseudo-Revelation. -- N. the Koran, the Alcoran[obs3]; Lyking[obs3], Vedas, Zendavesta, Avesta[obs3], Sastra, Shastra, Tantra[obs3], Upanishads, Purana, Edda; Book of Mormon.
	[Non-Biblical prophets and religious founders] Gautama, Buddha; Zoroaster; Confucius; Bab-ed-Din[obs3]; Mohammed; Brigham Young;  Mary Baker Eddy.
	[Idols] golden calf &c. 991; Baal[obs3], Moloch, Dagon.

M9.6.3  Religious Sentiments  R987 to R989
<--   								988.	Impiety
		987.	Piety					989.	Irreligion
-->
	#987. Piety. -- N. piety, religion, theism, faith; religiousness, holiness &c. adj.; saintship[obs3]; religionism[obs3]; sanctimony &c. (assumed piety) 988; reverence &c. (respect) 928; humility, veneration, devotion; prostration &c. (worship) 990; grace, unction, edification; sanctity, sanctitude[obs3]; consecration.
	spiritual existence, odor of sanctity, beauty of holiness.
	theopathy[obs3], beatification, adoption, regeneration, conversion, justification, sanctification, salvation, inspiration, bread of life; Body and Blood of Christ.
	believer, convert, theist, Christian, devotee, pietist[obs3]; the good, the righteous, the just, the believing, the elect; Saint, Madonna, Notre Dame[Fr], Our Lady.
	the children of God, the children of the Kingdom, the children of the light.
	V. be pious &c. adj.; have faith &c. n.; believe, receive Christ; revere &c. 928; be converted &c.
	convert, edify, sanctify, keep holy, beatify, regenerate, inspire, consecrate, enshrine.
	Adj. pious, religious, devout, devoted, reverent, godly, heavenly-minded, humble, pure, holy, spiritual, pietistic; saintly, saint-like; seraphic, sacred, solemn.
	believing, faithful, Christian, Catholic.
	elected, adopted, justified, sanctified, regenerated, inspired, consecrated, converted, unearthly, not of the earth.
	Phr. ne vile fano[It]; "pure-eyed Faith . . . thou hovering angel girt with golden wings" [Milton].

	#988. Impiety. -- N. impiety; sin &c. 945; irreverence; profaneness &c. adj.; profanity, profanation; blasphemy, desecration, sacrilege; scoffing &c.v.
	 hypocrisy &c. (falsehood) 544[feigneded piety]; pietism, cant, pious fraud; lip devotion, lip service, lip reverence; misdevotion[obs3], formalism, austerity; sanctimony, sanctimoniousness &c. adj; pharisaism, precisianism[obs3]; sabbatism[obs3], sabbatarianism[obs3]; odium theologicum[Lat], sacerdotalism[obs3]; bigotry &c. (obstinacy) 606, (prejudice) 481; blue laws.
	hardening, backsliding, declension, perversion, reprobation.
	sinner &c. 949; scoffer, blasphemer; sacrilegist[obs3]; sabbath breaker; worldling; hypocrite &c. (dissembler) 548; Tartufe[obs3], Mawworm[obs3].
	bigot; saint [ironically]; Pharisee; sabbatarian[obs3], formalist, methodist, puritan, pietist[obs3], precisian[obs3], religionist, devotee; ranter, fanatic, juramentado[obs3].
	the wicked, the evil, the unjust, the reprobate; sons of men, sons of Belial, the wicked one; children of darkness.
	V. be impious &c. adj., profane, desecrate, blaspheme, revile, scoff; swear &c. (malediction) 908; commit sacrilege.
	snuffle; turn up  the whites of the eyes; idolize.
	Adj. impious; irreligious &c. 989; desecrating &c.v.; profane, irreverent, sacrilegious, blasphemous.
	un-hallowed, un-sanctified, un-regenerate; hardened, perverted, reprobate.
	hypocritical &c. (false) 544; canting, pietistical[obs3], sanctimonious, unctuous, pharisaical, overrighteous[obs3], righteous over much.
	bigoted, fanatical; priest-ridden.
	Adv. under the mask of religion, under the cloak of religion, under the pretense of religion, under the form of religion, under the guise of religion.
	Phr. giovane santo diavolo vecchio[It].

	#989. Irreligion. -- N. irreligion[obs3], indevotion[obs3]; godlessness, ungodliness &c. adj.; laxity, quietism.
	skepticism, doubt; unbelief, disbelief; incredulity, incredulousness &c. adj[obs3].; want of faith, want of belief; pyrrhonism; bout &c. 485; agnosticism.
	atheism; deism; hylotheism[obs3]; materialism; positivism; nihilism.
	infidelity, freethinking, antichristianity[obs3], rationalism; neology.
	[person who is not religious] atheist, skeptic, unbeliever, deist, infidel, pyrrhonist; giaour[obs3], heathen, alien, gentile, Nazarene; espri fort[Fr], freethinker, latitudinarian, rationalist; materialist, positivist, nihilist, agnostic, somatist[obs3], theophobist[obs3].
	V. be irreligious &c. adj.; disbelieve, lack faith; doubt, question &c. 485.
	dechristianize[obs3].
	Adj. irreligious; indevout[obs3]; undevout[obs3]; devoutless[obs3], godless, graceless; ungodly, unholy, unsanctified[obs3], unhallowed; atheistic, without God.
	skeptical, freethinking; unbelieving, unconverted; incredulous, faithless, lacking faith; deistical; unchristian, antichristian[obs3].
	worldly, mundane, earthly, carnal; worldly &c. minded.
	Adv. irreligiously &c.  adj.

M9.6.4  Religious Acts  (R990 to R993)
<--   		990.	Worship					991.	Idolatry
										992.	Sorcery
										993.	Spell
Note:  994.   Sorcerer  to person P2.3.2.3.2.5.28
-->
	#990. Worship. -- N. worship, adoration, devotion, aspiration, homage, service, humiliation; kneeling, genuflection, prostration.
	prayer, invocation, supplication, rogation, intercession, orison, holy breathing; petition &c. (request) 765; collect, litany, Lord's prayer, paternoster[Lat]; beadroll[obs3]; latria[obs3], dulia[obs3], hyperdulia[obs3], vigils; revival; cult; anxious meeting,  camp meeting; ebenezer, virginal.
	thanksgiving; giving thanks, returning thanks; grace, praise, glorification, benediction, doxology, hosanna; hallelujah, allelujah[obs3]; Te Deum[Lat], non nobis Domine[Lat], nunc dimittis[Lat]; paean; benschen[Ger]; Ave Maria, O Salutaris, Sanctus[Lat], The Annunciation, Tersanctus, Trisagion.
	psalm, psalmody; hymn, plain song, chant, chaunt, response, anthem, motet; antiphon[obs3], antiphony.
	oblation, sacrifice, incense, libation; burnt offering, heave offering, votive offering; offertory.
	discipline; self-discipline, self-examination, self-denial; fasting.
	divine service, office, duty; exercises; morning prayer; mass, matins, evensong, vespers; undernsong[obs3], tierce[obs3]; holyday &c. (rites) 998.
	worshipper, congregation, communicant, celebrant.
	V. worship, lift up the heart, aspire; revere &c. 928; adore, do service, pay homage; humble oneself, kneel; bow the knee, bend the knee; fall down, fall on one's knees; prostrate oneself, bow down and worship.
	pray, invoke, supplicate; put up, offer up prayers, offer petitions; beseech &c. (ask) 765; say one's prayers, tell one's beads.
	return thanks, give thanks; say grace, bless, praise, laud, glorify, magnify, sing praises; give benediction, lead the choir, intone; deacon, deacon off 
	propitiate[U.S.], offer sacrifice, fast, deny oneself; vow, offer vows, give alms.
	work out one's salvation; go to church; attend service, attend mass; communicate &c. (rite) 998.
	Adj. worshipping &c.v.; devout, devotional, reverent, pure, solemn; fervid &c. (heartfelt) 821.
	Int. hallelujah, allelujah[obs3]! hosanna! glory be to God! O Lord! pray God that! God grant, God bless, God save, God forbid! sursum corda [Lat].
	Phr. "making their lives a prayer" [Whittier]; ora et labora[Lat]; "prayers ardent open heaven" [Young].

	#991. Idolatry. -- N. idolatry, idolism[obs3]; demonism[obs3], demonolatry[obs3]; idol-worship, fire-worship; zoolatry, fetishism, fetichism; ecclesiolatry[obs3], heliolatry, Mariolatry, Bibliolatry[obs3].
	demon-worship, devil-worship, witchcraft.
	deification, apotheosis, canonization; hero worship.
	sacrifices, hecatomb, holocaust; human sacrifices, immolation, mactation[obs3], infanticide, self-immolation, suttee.
	idol, golden calf, graven image, fetich, avatar, Juggernath[obs3], lares et penates[Lat]; Baal &c. 986.
	V. worship idols, worship pictures, worship relics; deify, canonize.
	Adj. idolatrous.
	Phr. adorer le veau d'or[Fr].

	#992. Sorcery. -- N. sorcery; occult art, occult sciences; magic, the black art, necromancy, theurgy, thaumaturgy[obs3]; demonology, demonomy[obs3], demonship[obs3]; diablerie[Fr], bedevilment; witchcraft, witchery; glamor; fetishism, fetichism, feticism[obs3]; ghost dance, hoodoo; obi, obiism[obs3]; voodoo, voodooism; Shamanism [Esquimaux], vampirism; conjuration; bewitchery, exorcism, enchantment, mysticism, second sight, mesmerism, animal magnetism; od force, odylic force[obs3]; electrobiology[obs3], clairvoyance; spiritualism, spirit rapping, table turning.
	divination &c. (prediction) 511; sortilege[obs3], ordeal, sortes Virgilianae[obs3]; hocus-pocus &c. (deception) 545.
	V. practice sorcery &c.n.; cast a nativity, conjure, exorcise, charm, enchant; bewitch, bedevil; hoodoo, voodoo; entrance, mesmerize, magnetize; fascinate &c. (influence) 615; taboo; wave a wand; rub the ring, rub the lamp; cast a spell; call up spirits, call up spirits from the vasty deep; raise spirits from the dead.
	Adj. magic, magical; mystic, weird, cabalistic, talismanic, phylacteric[obs3], incantatory; charmed &c. v.; Circean, odylic[obs3], voodoo.
	
	#993. Spell. -- N.  [words or actions with magical powers] spell, charm, incantation, magic words, exorcism, weird[obs2], cabala[obs3], exsufflation[obs1], cantrap[obs3], runes, abracadabra, open sesame, countercharm[obs3], Ephesian letters; Mumbo Jumbo, evil eye, fee-faw-fum; bell book and candle, hocus pocus.
	[[object which casts a spell]] talisman, amulet, charm, periapt[obs3], telesm[obs3], phylactery, philter; fetich, fetish.
	agnus Dei[Latin: lamb of God]; furcula[obs3], madstone[obs3]; mascot, mascotte[obs3]; merrythought[obs3]; Om, Aum[obs3]; scarab, scarabaeus[obs3]; sudarium[obs3], triskelion, veronica, wishbone; rabbit's foot; swastika, fylfot[obs3], gammadion[obs3].
	wand, caduceus, rod, divining rod, lamp of Aladdin[obs3]; wishing-cap, Fortunatus's cap.

<--  R994  Sorcerer to person P2.3.2.3.2.5.28  -->

M9.6.5  Formal Religious Institutions (R995 to R999)
<--   		995.	Churchdom
			996.	Clergy					997.	Laity
			998.	Rite
			999.	Canonicals
Note:  1000. Temple  to structures  P2.3.1.3.10.3
-->

	#995. Churchdom. -- N. church, churchdom; ministry, apostleship[obs3], priesthood, prelacy, hierarch[obs3], church government, christendom, pale of the church.
	clericalism, sacerdotalism[obs3], episcopalianism, ultramontanism[obs3]; theocracy; ecclesiology[obs3], ecclesiologist[obs3]; priestcraft[obs3], odium theologicum[Lat].
	monachism[obs3], monachy[obs3]; monasticism, monkhood[obs3].
	[Ecclesiastical offices and dignities] pontificate, primacy, archbishopric[obs3], archiepiscopacy[obs3]; prelacy; bishopric, bishopdom[obs3]; episcopate, episcopacy; see, diocese; deanery, stall; canonry, canonicate[obs3]; prebend, prebendaryship[obs3]; benefice, incumbency, glebe, advowson[obs3], living, cure; rectorship[obs3]; vicariate, vicarship; deaconry[obs3], deaconship[obs3]; curacy; chaplain, chaplaincy, chaplainship; cardinalate, cardinalship[obs3]; abbacy, presbytery.
	holy orders, ordination, institution, consecration, induction, reading in, preferment, translation, presentation.
	popedom[obs3]; the Vatican, the apostolic see; religious sects &c. 984.
	council &c. 696; conclave, convocation, synod, consistory, chapter, vestry; sanhedrim, conge d'elire[Fr]; ecclesiastical courts, consistorial court, court of Arches.
	V. call, ordain, induct, prefer, translate, consecrate, present.
	take orders, take the tonsure, take the veil, take vows.
	Adj. ecclesiastical, ecclesiological[obs3]; clerical, sacerdotal, priestly, prelatical, pastoral, ministerial, capitular[obs3], theocratic; hierarchical, archiepiscopal; episcopal, episcopalian; canonical; monastic, monachal[obs3]; monkish; abbatial[obs3], abbatical[obs3]; Anglican[obs3]; pontifical, papal, apostolic, Roman, Popish; ultramontane, priest-ridden.

	#996.  Clergy. -- N. clergy, clericals, ministry, priesthood, presbytery, the cloth, the desk.
	clergyman, divine, ecclesiastic, churchman, priest, presbyter, hierophant[obs3], pastor, shepherd, minister; father, father in Christ; padre, abbe, cure; patriarch; reverend; black coat; confessor.
	dignitaries of the church; ecclesiarch[obs3], hierarch[obs3]; ebdomarius[Lat]; eminence, reverence, elder, primate, metropolitan, archbishop, bishop, prelate, diocesan, suffragan[obs3], dean, subdean[obs3], archdeacon, prebendary, canon, rural dean, rector, parson, vicar, perpetual curate, residentiary[obs3], beneficiary, incumbent, chaplain, curate; deacon, deaconess; preacher, reader, lecturer; capitular[obs3]; missionary, propagandist, Jesuit, revivalist, field preacher.
	churchwarden, sidesman[obs3]; clerk, precentor[obs3], choir; almoner, suisse[Fr], verger, beadle, sexton, sacristan; acolyth[obs3], acolothyst[obs3], acolyte, altar boy; chorister.
	[Roman Catholic priesthood] Pope, Papa, pontiff, high priest, cardinal; ancient flamen[obs3], flamen[obs3]; confessor, penitentiary; spiritual director.
	cenobite, conventual, abbot, prior, monk, friar, lay brother, beadsman[obs3], mendicant, pilgrim, palmer; canon regular, canon secular; Franciscan, Friars minor, Minorites; Observant, Capuchin, Dominican, Carmelite; Augustinian[obs3]; Gilbertine; Austin Friars[obs3], Black Friars, White Friars, Gray Friars, Crossed Friars, Crutched Friars; Bonhomme[Fr], Carthusian, Benedictine[obs3], Cistercian, Trappist, Cluniac, Premonstatensian, Maturine; Templar, Hospitaler; Bernardine[obs3], Lorettine, pillarist[obs3], stylite[obs3].
	abbess, prioress, canoness[obs3]; religieuse[Fr], nun, novice, postulant.
	[Under the Jewish dispensation] prophet, priest, high priest, Levite; Rabbi, Rabbin, Rebbe; scribe.
	[Mohammedan &c.] mullah, muezzin, ayatollah; ulema, imaum[obs3], imam, sheik; sufi; kahin[obs3], kassis[obs3]; mufti, hadji,  dervish; fakir, faquir[obs3]; brahmin[obs3], guru, kaziaskier[obs3], poonghie[obs3], sanyasi[obs3]; druid, bonze[obs3], santon[obs3], abdal[obs3], Lama, talapoin[obs3], caloyer[obs3].
	V. take orders &c. 995.
	Adj. the Reverend, the very Reverend, the Right Reverend; ordained, in orders, called to the ministry.

	#997.  Laity. -- N. laity, flock, fold, congregation, assembly, brethren, people; society [U.S.].
	temporality, secularization.
	layman, civilian; parishioner, catechumen; secularist.
	V. secularize.
	Adj. secular, lay, laical, civil, temporal, profane.

	#998. Rite. -- N. rite; ceremony, ritual, liturgy, ceremonial; ordinance, observance, function, duty;  form, formulary; solemnity, sacrament; incantation &c. (spell) 993; service, psalmody &c. (worship) 990.
	ministration; preaching, preachment; predication, sermon, homily, lecture, discourse, pastoral.
	[Christian ritual for induction into the faith] baptism, christening, chrism; circumcision; baptismal regeneration; font.
	confirmation; imposition of hands, laying on of hands; ordination &c. (churchdom) 995; excommunication.
	[Jewish rituals] Bar Mitzvah, Bas Mitzvah, Bris.
	Eucharist, Lord's supper, communion; the sacrament, the holy sacrament; celebration, high celebration; missa cantata[Lat]; asperges[obs3]; offertory; introit; consecration; consubstantiation, transubstantiation; real presence; elements; mass; high mass, low mass, dry mass.
	matrimony &c. 903; burial &c. 363; visitation of the sick.
	seven sacraments, impanation[obs3], subpanation[obs3], extreme unction, viaticum, invocation of saints, canonization, transfiguration, auricular confession; maceration, flagellation, sackcloth and ashes; penance &c. (atonement) 952; telling of beads, processional; thurification[obs3], incense, holy water, aspersion.
	relics, rosary, beads, reliquary, host, cross, rood, crucifix, pax[Lat], pyx, agnus Dei[Lat], censer, thurible, patera[obs3]; eileton[obs3], Holy Grail; prayer machine, prayer wheel; Sangraal[obs3], urceus[obs3].
	ritualism, ceremonialism; sabbatism[obs3], sabbatarianism[obs3]; ritualist, sabbatarian[obs3].
	holyday, feast, fast.
	[Christian holy days] Sabbath, Pentecost; Advent, Christmas, Epiphany; Lent; Passion week, Holy week; Easter, Easter Sunday, Whitsuntide; agape, Ascension Day, Candlemas[obs3], Ash Wednesday, Good Friday, Holy Thursday; Lammas, Martinmas, Michaelmas; All SAint's DAy, All Souls' Day
	[Moslem holy days] Ramadan, Ramazan; Bairam &c.[obs3], &c.
	[Jewish holy days] Passover; Shabuoth; Yom Kippur, Day of Atonement; Rosh Hashana, New Year; Hanukkah, Chanukkah, Feast of Lights; Purim, Feast of lots.
	[ref: building for performing religious rites] temple, church &c. 1000 (P2.3.1.3.10.3)].
	V.  perform service[ritual actions of  clergy], do duty, minister, officiate, baptize, dip, sprinkle; anoint, confirm, lay hands on; give the sacrament, administer the sacrament; administer extreme unction; hear confession, administer holy penance, shrive; excommunicate, ban with bell book and candle.
	[ritual actions of believers] attend services, attend mass, go to mass, hear mass; take the sacrament, receive the sacrament, receive  communion, attend the sacrament, partake of the sacrament, partake of communion; communicate;  receive extreme unction; confess, go to confession, receive penance; anele[obs3].
	[teaching functions of clergy] preach, sermonize, predicate, lecture.
	Adj. ritual, ritualistic; ceremonial; baptismal, eucharistical; paschal.
	Phr. "what art thou, thou idol ceremony?" [Henry V].

	#999. Canonicals. -- N. canonicals, vestments, ecclesiastical attire.
	robe, gown, Geneva gown frock, pallium, cassock, dalmatic[obs3], scapulary[obs3], cope, mozetta[obs3].
	surplice.
	scarf, tunicle[obs3], chasuble, alb[obs3], alba[obs3], stole.
	fanon[obs3], fannel[obs3]; cowl, hood; calote[obs3], calotte[obs3].
	bands; capouch[obs3], amice[obs3]; vagas[obs3], vakas[obs3], vakass[obs3].
	apron, lawn sleeves, pontificals[obs3], pall.
	miter, tiara, triple crown; shovel hat, cardinal's hat; biretta.
	crosier; pastoral staff, thurifer[obs3].
	habit.
	{{has_subtype(haircut): tonsure}}.
	costume &c. 225.

<-- R1000 temple moved to structures P2.3.1.3.10.3  Temple, Church
 -->
<--
[[endthes]]
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**                 END OF REORGANIZED THESAURUS                          **
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**************************************************************************
-->
<--
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
    ORIGINAL CLASSIFICATION OF 1911 THESAURUS - INDIVIDUAL ENTRIES 
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-==-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

			TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES  [[synopsis]]

			TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES

                            CLASS I.	ABSTRACT RELATIONS

I. EXISTENCE  [[original]]

    1. ABSTRACT...................	1. Existence.		2. Inexistence
    2. CONCRETE..................	3. Substantiality	4. Unsubstantiality

    3. FORMAL.....................	    Internal		External
							5. Intrinsicality	6. Extrinsicality

    4. MODAL.......................	Absolute		Relative
							7. State			8. Circumstance

II. RELATION
     1. ABSOLUTE....................	

				9.	Relation			10. Irrelation
				11.	Consanguinity
				12.	Correlation
				13.	Identity			14. Contrariety
						15. Difference

	2. CONTINUOUS.	16.  Uniformity     	16a. Nonuniformity
	3. PARTIAL...	17.	Similarity		18.  Dissimilarity
				19.	Imitation			20.  Nonimitation
    						20a. Variation
				21.	Copy				22. Prototype
	4. GENERAL....	23.	Agreement			24. Disagreement

III.  QUANTITY
					Absolute			Relative
    1. SIMPLE....	25.	Quantity			26. Degree
				27.	Equality			28. Inequality
						29. Mean

						30.  Compensation
2. COMPARATIVE............
		By Comparison with a Standard
			31.  Greatness                32. Smallness
		By Comparison with a Similar Object
			33. Superiority	       	34. Inferiority
		Changes in Quantity
			35. Increase	            	36. Decrease

			37. Addition	             	38.   Nonaddition
			                  				 Subduction
			39. Adjunct	             	40.  Remainder
						             	40a. Decrement
3. CONJUNCTIVE...
			41.	Mixture	             	42. Simpleness
			43.	Junction	             	44. Disjunction
			45.	Vinculum
			46.	Coherence	           	47. Incoherence
			48.	Combination	        	49. Decomposition
			50.	Whole	             	51. Part

4. CONCRETE.....
			52.	Completeness	      	53. Incompleteness
			54.	Composition.	        	55. Exclusion
			56.	Component	             	57. Extraneous

IV. ORDER

    1. GENERAL.......
			58.	Order				59.	Disorder
			60.	Arrangement			61.	Derangement
    2. CONSECUTIVE...
			62.	Precedence			63.	Sequence
			64.	Precursor				65.	Sequel
		    	66.  Beginning				67.	End
						68.	Middle
			69.	Continuity			70.	Discontinuity
			71.	Term
    5. COLLECTIVE...
			72.	Assemblage			73.	 Nonassemblage
			74.	Focus			     	 Dispersion

p.  xxi

TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES

  4. DISTRIBUTIVE....................	
		75. Class			77. Exclusion
		76. Inclusion		79. Speciality
		78. Generality	     
  5. CATEGORICAL.......................
 		80. Rule			81. Multiformity
	 	82. Conformity		83. Unconformity

V. NUMBER
     1. ABSTRACT ....................
		84.	     Number
		85.	     Numeration
		86.	     List
     2. DETERMINATE...................
		87.	     Unity			88. Accompaniment
		89.	     Duality
		90.	     Duplication		91. Bisection
		92.	     Triality
		93.	     Triplication		94. Trisection
		95.	     Quaternity
		96.	     Quadruplication	97. Quadrisection
		98.	     Five, &c.			99. Quinquesection, &c.
     3. INDETERMINATE.....................
		100.	     Plurality			100a. Fraction
								101.  Zero
		102.	     Multitude 		103.  Fewness
		104.	     Repetition
		105.	     Infinity

VI. TIME	
  1. ABSOLUTE....................
		106.	     Time				107. Neverness

		         Definite		       Indefinite
		108.	Period			109. Course
          108a. Contingent Duration
		110. Diuturnity		111. Transientness
		112. Perpetuity		113.	Instantaneity
		114. Chronometry		115.	Anachronism
  2. RELATIVE ...
     .... 1. to Succession.
		116. Priority			117.	Posteriority
		118. Present time		119.	Different time
		120. Synchronism
     	121. Futurity			122.	Preterition
	 ... 2. to a Period
          123. Newness			124.	Oldness
		125. Morning			126.	Evening
     	127. Youth			128.	Age
          129. Infant			130. Veteran
				131. Adolescence
      ... 3. to an Effect or Purpose 
	     132. Earliness			133. Lateness
   		134. Occasion			135.	Intempestivity
  3. RECURRENT.........................
		136. Frequency			137.	Infrequency
		138. Periodicity		139.	Irregularity

VII.CHANGE	
   1. SIMPLE............................	
		140.	Change			141.	Permanence
		142.	Cessation			143.	Continuance
		144.	Conversion
		145.	Reversion
		146.	Revolution
		147.	Substitution		148.	Interchange
    2. COMPLEX...........................
		149.	Changeableness		150.	Stability
			Present				Future
		151.	Eventuality		152.	Destiny

VIII. CAUSATION

		 Constant Antecedent		Constant Sequent
		153.	  Cause.				154.	Effect
   1. CONSTANCY OF SEQUENCE........
		  Assignment of Cause		Absence of Assignment
		155.	  Attribution          	156.	Chance

   2. CONNECTION BETWEEN CAUSE     AND EFFECT.......
		157.	Power.	           	158. Impotence
				Degrees of Power
		159.	Strength	            	160. Weakness
   3. POWER IN OPERATION.....
		161.	Production			162. Destruction
		163.	Reproduction
		164.	Producer	           	165. Destroyer
		166.	Paternity				167. Posterity
		168.	Productiveness			169.	Unproductiveness
		170.	Agency	
		171.	Energy				172.	Inertness
		173.	Violence				174.	Moderation
p.   xxii

4. INDIRECT POWER...............	
		175. Influence				175a. Absence of Influence
		176. Tendency	
		177. Liability
5. COMBINATIONS OF CAUSES......
        	178. Concurrence  			179. Counteraction
			___________________________________

TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES

CLASS II. SPACE

1. SPACE IN GENERAL
      1. ABSTRACT SPACE......
								180a. Inextension
		180.	Indefinite			181.	Definite
			Space					Region
								182.	Limited
									Place
      2. RELATIVE SPACE..
	.	183.	Situation
		184.	Location				185.	Displacement
      3. EXISTENCE IN SPACE.......
		186.	Presence				187.	Absence
	.	188.	Inhabitant			189.	Abode
		190.	Contents				191.	Receptacle

II. DIMENSIONS
      1. GENERAL.....
		192.	Size						193.	Littleness
		194.	Expansion					195.	Contraction
		196.	Distance					197.	Nearness
		198.	Interval					199.	Contiguity
    2. LINEAR ..................
		200.	Length					201.	Shortness
		202.	Breadth					203.	Narrowness
			Thickness						Thinness
		204.	Layer					205.	Filament
		206.	Height					207.	Lowness
		208.	Depth					209.	Shallowness
		210.	Summit					211.	Base
		212.	Verticality				213.	Horizontality
		214.	Pendency					215.	Support
		216.	Parallelism				217. Obliquity
		218.	Inversion
		219.	Crossing
		220.	Exteriority				221.	Interiority
		222.	Centrality
		223.	Covering					224.	Lining
    3. CENTRICAL	
		1. General.....	
		225.	Investment				226.	Divestment
		227.	Circumjacence				228.	Interjacence
		229.	Circumscription
		230.	Outline
		231.	Edge
		232.	Inclosure
		233.	Limit
		2. Special...	
		234.	Front					235.	Rear
		236.	Laterality				237.	Contraposition
		238.	Dextrality				239.	Sinistrality

III. FORM
      1. GENERAL....................
		240.	Form						241.	Amorphism
		242.	Symmetry					243.	Distortion
      2. SPECIAL....................
		244.	Angularity
		245.	Curvature					246.	Straightness
		247.	Circularity				248.	Convolution
		249.	Rotundity
      3. SUPERFICIAL..
		250.	Convexity					252.	Concavity
				251. Flatness
		253.	Sharpness					254. Bluntness
		255.	Smoothness				256. Roughness
		257.	Notch
		258.	Fold
		259.	Furrow
		260.	Opening					261. Closure
		262.	Perforator				263. Stopper

p.	xxiii

TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES

IV. MOTION
   1. MOTION IN GENERAL.....
		264.	Motion					265.	Quiescence
		266.	Journey					267.	Navigation
		268.	Traveler					269.	Mariner
		270.	Transference
		271.	Carrier
		272.	Vehicle					273.	Ship
       2. DEGREES OF MOTION.......
		274.	Velocity					275.	Slowness
       3. CONJOINED WITH FORCE.........
		276.	Impulse					277.	Recoil
       4. WITH REFERENCE TO DIRECTION	
		278.	Direction					279.	Deviation
		280. Precession				281.	Sequence
		282.	Progression				283.	Regression
		284.	Propulsion				285.	Traction
		286.	Approach					287.	Recession
		288.	Attraction				289.	Repulsion
		290.	Convergence				291.	Divergence
		292.	Arrival					293 	Departure
		294.	Ingress					295.	Egress
		296.	Reception					297.	Ejection
		298.	Food						299.	Excretion
		300.	Insertion					301.	Extraction
		302.	Passage
		303.	Transcursion				304.	Shortcoming
		305.	Ascent					306.	Descent
		307.	Elevation					308.	Depression
		309.	Leap						310.	Plunge
		311.	Circuition
		312.	Rotation					313.	Evolution
		314.	Oscillation
		315.	Agitation

			_____________________________

  			  CLASS	III.	MATTER

I. MATTER IN GENERAL...	
		316.	Materiality				317.	Immateriality
		318.	World
		319.	Gravity					320.	Levity
II. INORGANIC MATTER
  1. SOLIDS.....	
		321.	Density					322.	Rarity
		323.	Hardness					324.	Softness
		325.	Elasticity				326.	Inelasticity
		327.	Tenacity					328.	Brittleness
		329.	Texture
		330.	Pulverulence
		331.	Friction					332.	Lubrication
   2. FLUIDS
	 1. In General..
		333.	Fluidity					334.	Gaseity
		335.	Liquefaction				336.	Vaporization
	2. Specific....
		337.	Water					338.	Air
		339.	Moisture					340.	Dryness
		341.	Ocean					342.	Land
		343.  Gulf
			 Lake					344.	Plain
		345.	Marsh					346.	Island
	3. In  Motion................	
		347.	Stream
		348.	River					349.	Wind
		350.	Conduit					351.	Air pipe
    3. IMPERFECT FLUIDS.............
		352.	Semiliquidity				353.	Bubble
		354.	Pulpiness					355.	Unctuousness
									356.	Oil
									356a. Resin
 
III. ORGANIC MATTER
 1. VITALITY
	1. In General 
		357.	Organization.				358.	Inorganization
		359.	Life						360.	Death
             							361.	Killing
									362.	Corpse
									363.	Interment
	2. Special.................	
		364.	Animality					365.	Vegetability
		366.	Animal					367.	Vegetable
		368.	Zoology					369.	Botany
     	370.	Cicuration				371.	Agriculture
		372.	Mankind
		373.	Man						374.	Woman

p.   xxiv

TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES

   2. SENSATION
	1. General....................
		375.	Sensibility				376. Insensibility
		377.	Pleasure					378. Pain
 
	2. Special	
		(1) Touch
		379.	Touch
		380.	Sensations of touch			381.	Numbness
		(2) Heat.
		382.	Heat						383.	Cold
		384.	Calefaction				385.	Refrigeration
		386.	Furnace					387.	Refrigeratory
		388.	Fuel
		389.	Thermometer.
		390. Taste					391.	Insipidity
		392.	Pungency
		(3) Taste....
		393.	Condiment
		394.	Savoriness				395.	Unsavoriness
		396.	Sweetness					397.	Sourness
		(4) Odor........
		398.	Odor						399.	Inodorousness
          400.  Fragrance 				401. Fetor
		(5)	Sound........	
		      (i) Sound in General
		402.	Sound	 				403. Silence
		404.	Loudness	 				405. Faintness
		      (ii) Specific Sounds
		406.	Snap	             			407. Roll
		408.	Resonance	        			4O8a. Nonresonance
					 				409. Sibilation
		410.	Stridor
		411.	Cry	       				412. Ululation
		      (iii) Musical Sounds
		413.	 Melody					414. Discord
			 Concord
		415.	Music
		416.	Musician
		417.	Musical	instruments
		      (iv) Perception of Sound
		418.	Hearing	          		419. Deafness
		(6) Light.......
		      (i) Light in General
		420.	Light	       			421. Darkness
				422. Dimness
		423.	Luminary					424. Shade
		425. Transparency 				426. Opacity 
				427. Semitransparency
			(ii) Specific Light

		428.	Color					429.	Achromatism
		430.	Whiteness					431.	Blackness
		432.	Gray						433.	Brown
		434. Redness					435.	Greenness
		436.	Yellowness				437.	Purple
		438.	Blueness					439.	Orange
		440.	Variegation
			(iii) Perceptions of Light
		441. Vision         			442. Blindness
				443. Dim-sightedness
		444. Spectator  
		445. Optical Instruments
		446. Visibility				447.	Invisibility
  		448. Appearance				449.	Disappearance

 					______________________________

      CLASS IV. INTELLECT

Division (I). FORMATION OF IDEAS
I.  OPERATIONS OF INTELLECT IN GENERAL
		450.	Intellect					450a. Absence of Intellect
		451.	Thought					452. Incogitancy
		453.	Idea						454. Topic
II. PRECURSORY CONDITIONS AND OPERATIONS
		455.	Curiosity					456. Incuriosity
		457.	Attention					458. Inattention
		459.	Care						460. Neglect
		461.	Inquiry					462. Answer
		463.	Experiment
		464.	Comparison
		465.	Discrimination				465a. Indiscrimination
		466.	Measurement

p.   xxv

TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES
III. MATERIALS FOR REASONING          ......
		467.	Evidence	             		468. Counterevidence
				469. Qualification
				Degrees of Evidence
		470.	Possibility	    			471. impossibility
		472.	Probability	    			473. Improbability
		474.	Certainty	        			475. Uncertainty
IV. REASONING PROCESSES         ............
		476.	Reasoning					477.  Sophistry
										 Intuition

		478.	Demonstration				479.	Confutation

V. RESULTS OF REASONING           ...........
		480.	Judgment					481.	Misjudgment
		480a. Discovery
		482.	Overestimation				483.	Underestimation
		484.	Belief					485.	 Doubt
										 Unbelief
		486.	Credulity					487.	Incredulity
		488.	Assent					489.	Dissent
		490.	Knowledge					491.	Ignorance
		492.	Scholar					493.	Ignoramus
		494.	Truth					495.	Error
		496.	Maxim					497.	Absurdity
					Faculties	
		498.	 Intelligence				499.	  Imbecility
			 Wisdom						  Folly
		500.	Sage						501.	Fool
		502.	Sanity					503.	Insanity
		504.	Madman

VI. EXTENSION OF THOUGHT.

1. To the Past....
		505.	Memory					506.	Oblivion
		507.	Expectation				508.	Inexpectation
									509.	Disappointment
2. To the Future    ...
		510.	Foresight
		511.	Prediction
		512.	Omen
		513.	Oracle
VII. CREATIVE THOUGHT.............
		514.	Supposition
		515.	Imagination

			Division (II).  COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS
I. NATURE OF IDEAS COMMUNICATED.

		516.	Meaning	     			517. Unmeaningness
		518.	Intelligibility			519. Unintelligibility
					520. Equivocalness
		521.	Metaphor	
		522.	Interpretation				523.	Misinterpretatioa
		524.	Interpreter
II. MODES OF COMMUNICATION         .........
		525.	Manifestation				526.	Latency
		527.	Information				528.	Concealment
		529.	Disclosure				530.	Ambush
		531.	Publication
		532.	News						533.	Secret
		534.	Messenger
		535.	Affirmation				536.	Negation

		537.	Teaching					 538.	Misteaching
									 539.	Learning
		540.	Teacher					541.	Learner
					542. School
		543.	Veracity					544.	Falsehood
									545.	Deception
									546.	Untruth
		547.	Dupe						548.	Deceiver
									549.	Exaggeration

III.  MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
	1. Natural Means      ..................
		550.	Indication
		551.	Record					552.	Obliteration
		553.	Recorder,
		554.	Representation				555.	Misrepresentation
		556.	Painting
		557.	Sculpture
		558.	Engraving
		559.	Artist

p.  xxvi

TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES

		560.	Language
		561.	Letter
		562.	Word						563. Neology
		564.	Nomenclature				565. Misnomer
		566.	Phrase
		567.	Grammar					568. Solecism
2. Conventional means
	1. Language Generally
		569.	Style
				Qualities of Style
		570.	Perspicuity				571. Obscurity
		572.	Conciseness				573. Diffuseness
		574.	Vigor					575. Feebleness
		576.	Plainness					577. Ornament
		578.	Elegance					579. Inelegance
	2. Spoken Language
-		580.	Voice					581. Aphony

		582 Speech					583. Stammering
		584.	Loquacity					585. Taciturnity
		586	Allocution				587. Response
		588	Interlocution				589. Soliloquy
.3. Written Language
		590	Writing					591. Printing
		692;	Correspondence				593.	Book
		594.	Description
		595.	Dissertation
		596.	Compendium
		597.	Poetry					598.	Prose
		599.	The Drama

                    CLASS V. VOLITION

              Division (1). INDIVIDUAL VOLITION
1. VOLITION IN GENERAL
	1. Acts.
		600. Will						601. Necessity
		602. Willingness				603. Unwillingness
		604. Resolution				605. Irresolution
		604a. Perseverance				607. Tergiversation
		606.	Obstinacy	 
									608. Caprice
		609.	Choice					609a. Absence of Choice
									610. Rejection
		611.	Predetermination			612. Impulse
		613.	Habit					614 . Desuetude
	2. Causes
		615.	Motive					615a. Absence of Motive
		617.	Plea						616. Dissuasion

	3. Objects
		618.	Good						619. Evil
		620.	Intention					621. Chance
		622.	Pursuit					623. Avoidance
									624. Relinquishment

II. PROSPECTIVE VOLITION
	1. Conceptional
		625.	Business
		626.	Plan
		627.	Method
		628.	Mid-course				629. Circuit
		630.	Requirement
	2. Subservience to	Ends.
			1. Actual	   Subservience
		631.	Instrumentality
		632.	Means
		633.	Instrument
		634.	Substitute
	-	635.	Materials
 		636.	Store
		637.	Provision					638. Waste
					639.	Sufficiency
		641	Redundance				640. Insufficiency

			2. Degree of Subservience
		642.	Importance				643. Unimportance
		644.	Utility					645. Inutility
		646.	Expedience				647. Inexpedience
		648.	Goodness					649. Badness
		650.	Perfection				651. Imperfection
		652.	Cleanness					653. Uncleanness
		654.	Health					655. Disease
		656.	Salubrity					657. Insalubrity

	p. xxvii

TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES

		658.	Improvement				659. Deterioration
		660.	Restoration				661. Relapse
		662.	Remedy					663. Bane
			3. Contingent Subservience
		664.	Safety					665. Danger
		666.	Refuge					667. Pitfall
		668.	Warning
		669.	Alarm
		670.	Preservation
		671.	Escape
		672.	Deliverance
	   3. Precursory Measures
		673.	Preparation				674.	Nonpreparation
		675.	Essay
		676.	Undertaking
		677.	Use						678.	Disuse
									679.	Misuse
!II. ACTION. . .
	   1. simple.........
		680.	Action					681.	Inaction
		682.	Activity					683.	Inactivity
		684.	Haste					685.	Leisure
		686.	Exertion					687.	Repose
		688.	Fatigue					689.	Refreshment
		690.	Agent
		691.	Workshop
	   2. Complex.......
		692.	Conduct
		693.	Direction
		694.	Director
		695.	Advice
		696.	Council
		697.	Precept
		698.	Skill					699.	Unskillfulness
		700.	Proficient				701.	Bungler
		702.	Cunning					703.	Artlessness
IV. ANTAGONISM
	   1. Conditional....
.		704.	Difficulty				705.	Facility
	   2. Active
		706.	Hindrance					707.	Aid
		708.	Opposition				709.	Cooperation
		710.	Opponent					711.	Auxiliary
		712.	Party
		713.	Discord					714.	Concord
		715.	Defiance
		716.	Attack					717.	Defense
		718.	Retaliation				719.	Resistance
		720.	Contention				721.	Peace
		722.	Warfare					723.	Pacification
		724.	Mediation
		725.	Submission
		726.	Combatant
		727.	Arms
		728.	Arena
V. RESULTS OF	ACTION...............
		729.	Completion				730.	Noncompletion
		731.	Success					732.	Failure
		733.	Trophy
		734.	Prosperity				735.	Adversity
					736. Mediocrity

Division (II). INTERSOCIAL  VOLITION
I. GENERAL.........................
		737.	Authority					738.	Laxity
		739.	Severity					740.	Lenity
		741.	Command
		742.	Disobedience				743.	Obedience
		744.	Compulsion
		745.	Master					746.	Servant
		747.	Scepter
		748.	Freedom					749.	Subjection
		750.	Liberation				751.	Restraint
									752.	Prison
		753.	Keeper					754.	Prisoner
		755.	Commission				756.	Abrogation
		757.	Resignation
		758.	Consignee
			Deputy
         p  xxxiii
TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES

II. SPECIAL....................	
		760.	Permission				761. Prohibition
		762.	Consent
		763.	Offer					764. Refusal
		765.	Request					766. Deprecation
		767.	Petitioner
III. CONDITIONAL..............
		768.	Promise					768a. Release
		769.	Compact
		770.	Conditions
		771.	Security
		772.	Observance				773. Nonobservance
					774. Compromise

IV. POSSESSIVE RELATIONS
  1. Property in General......

		775.	Acquisition				776. Loss
		777.	Possession				777a. Exemption
		778.	Participation
		779.	Possessor
		780.	Property
		781. Retention					782. Relinquishment
  2. Transfer of Property.....
		783.	Transfer
		784.	Giving					785. Receiving
		786.	Apportionment
		787.	Lending					788. Borrowing
		789.	Taking					790. Restitution
		791.	Stealing
		792.	Thief
		793.	Booty
3. Interchange of Property ...
		794.	Barter
		795.	Purchase					796. Sale
		797.	Merchant
		798.	Merchandise
		799.	Mart
4. Monetary Relations..
		800. Money
		801.	Treasurer
		802.	Treasury
		803.	Wealth					804. Poverty
		805.	Credit					806. Debt
		807.	Payment					808. Nonpayment
		809.	Expenditure				810. Receipt
		811.	Accounts
		812.	Price					813. Discount
		814.	Dearness					815. Cheapness
		816.	Liberality				817. Economy
		818. Prodigality				819. Parsimony
				______________________________________

IV. MORAL

  1. OBLIGATIONS .

		922.	Right					923.	Wrong
		924.	Dullness					925.	Undueness
		926.	Duty						927.	Dereliction
								927a. Exemption
  2.  SENTIMENTS ....................
		928.	Respect					929. Disrespect
									930. Contempt
		931.	Approbation				932. Disapprobation
		933.	Flattery					934. Detraction
		935.	Flatterer					936. Detractor
		937.	Vindication				938. Accusation
3.  CONDITIONS....... .
		939.	Probity					940. Improbity
									941. Knave
		942.	Disinterestedness			943. Selfishness
		944.	Virtue					945. Vice
		946.	Innocence					947. Guilt
		948.	Good Man					949. Bad Man
		950.	Penitence					951. Impenitence
		952.	Atonement

   p.  xxx

TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES

  4. PRACTICE......................
		953. Temperance				954. Intemperance
									954a. Sensualist
		955.	Asceticism				957.	Gluttony
		956.	Fasting			
		958.	Sobriety					959.	Drunkenness
		960.	Purity					961.	Impurity
				962.	Libertine
  5. INSTITUTIONS..................
		963.	Legality					964.	Illegality
		965.	Jurisprudence
		966.	Tribunal
		967.	Judge
		968.	Lawyer
		969.	Lawsuit
		970.	Acquittal					971.	Condemnation
		973.	Reward					972.	Punishment
									974.	Penalty
									975.	Scourge

V. RELIGIOUS
	1. SUPERHUMAN BEINGS AND REGIONS.
		976.	Deity
		977.	Angel					978.	Satan
		979.	Jupiter					980.	Demon
		981.	Heaven					982.	Hell
	2. DOCTRINES....................
		983.	Theology
		983a.Orthodoxy					984.	Heterodoxy
		985.	Revelation				986.	Pseudo-revelation
	3. SENTIMENTS...................
									988.	Impiety
		987.	Piety					989.	Irreligion
	4. ACTS........................
		990.	Worship					991.	Idolatry
									992.	Sorcery
									993.	Spell
									994.	Sorcerer
  5. INSTITUTIONS..................	
		995.	Churchdom
		996.	Clergy					997.	Laity
		998.	Rite
		999.	Canonicals
		1000. Temple

   p xxxi
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